1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | AnyEvent - provide framework for multiple event loops |
3 | AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt, POE - various supported event loops |
5 | EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt |
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6 | and POE are various supported event loops/environments. |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | use AnyEvent; |
10 | |
11 | |
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39 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
40 | =head1 INTRODUCTION/TUTORIAL |
40 | |
41 | |
41 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
42 | This manpage is mainly a reference manual. If you are interested |
42 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
43 | in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the |
43 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
44 | L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage. |
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45 | |
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46 | =head1 SUPPORT |
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47 | |
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48 | There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC |
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49 | channel, too. |
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50 | |
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51 | See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software |
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52 | Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info. |
44 | |
53 | |
45 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
54 | =head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT) |
46 | |
55 | |
47 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
56 | Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen |
48 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
57 | nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent? |
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172 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
181 | my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are |
173 | declared. |
182 | declared. |
174 | |
183 | |
175 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
184 | =head2 I/O WATCHERS |
176 | |
185 | |
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186 | $w = AnyEvent->io ( |
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187 | fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>, |
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188 | poll => <"r" or "w">, |
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189 | cb => <callback>, |
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190 | ); |
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191 | |
177 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
192 | You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method |
178 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
193 | with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments: |
179 | |
194 | |
180 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (I<not> file descriptor) to watch |
195 | C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch |
181 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
196 | for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file |
182 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
197 | handle). Note that only file handles pointing to things for which |
183 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
198 | non-blocking operation makes sense are allowed. This includes sockets, |
184 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
199 | most character devices, pipes, fifos and so on, but not for example files |
185 | or block devices. |
200 | or block devices. |
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210 | undef $w; |
225 | undef $w; |
211 | }); |
226 | }); |
212 | |
227 | |
213 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
228 | =head2 TIME WATCHERS |
214 | |
229 | |
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230 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>); |
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231 | |
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232 | $w = AnyEvent->timer ( |
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233 | after => <fractional_seconds>, |
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234 | interval => <fractional_seconds>, |
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235 | cb => <callback>, |
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236 | ); |
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237 | |
215 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
238 | You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >> |
216 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
239 | method with the following mandatory arguments: |
217 | |
240 | |
218 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
241 | C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are |
219 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
242 | supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke |
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346 | |
369 | |
347 | =back |
370 | =back |
348 | |
371 | |
349 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
372 | =head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS |
350 | |
373 | |
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374 | $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>); |
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375 | |
351 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
376 | You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal |
352 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
377 | I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl |
353 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
378 | callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs. |
354 | |
379 | |
355 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
380 | Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and |
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360 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
385 | invocation, and callback invocation will be synchronous. Synchronous means |
361 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
386 | that it might take a while until the signal gets handled by the process, |
362 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
387 | but it is guaranteed not to interrupt any other callbacks. |
363 | |
388 | |
364 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
389 | The main advantage of using these watchers is that you can share a signal |
365 | between multiple watchers. |
390 | between multiple watchers, and AnyEvent will ensure that signals will not |
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391 | interrupt your program at bad times. |
366 | |
392 | |
367 | This watcher might use C<%SIG>, so programs overwriting those signals |
393 | This watcher might use C<%SIG> (depending on the event loop used), |
368 | directly will likely not work correctly. |
394 | so programs overwriting those signals directly will likely not work |
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395 | correctly. |
369 | |
396 | |
370 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
397 | Example: exit on SIGINT |
371 | |
398 | |
372 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
399 | my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 }); |
373 | |
400 | |
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401 | =head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds |
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402 | |
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403 | Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching |
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404 | callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot |
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405 | do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for |
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406 | this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases, |
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407 | signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is |
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408 | specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This |
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409 | variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created, |
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410 | and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often |
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411 | AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values |
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412 | will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU |
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413 | saving. |
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414 | |
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415 | All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional |
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416 | L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not |
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417 | work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> |
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418 | (and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with |
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419 | one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays. |
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420 | |
374 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
421 | =head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS |
375 | |
422 | |
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423 | $w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>); |
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424 | |
376 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
425 | You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status. |
377 | |
426 | |
378 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it |
427 | The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends, |
379 | watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when |
428 | using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will |
380 | the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on |
429 | croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has |
381 | any trace events (stopped/continued). |
430 | finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events |
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431 | (stopped/continued). |
382 | |
432 | |
383 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
433 | The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by |
384 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
434 | waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher |
385 | callback arguments. |
435 | callback arguments. |
386 | |
436 | |
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391 | |
441 | |
392 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
442 | There is a slight catch to child watchers, however: you usually start them |
393 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
443 | I<after> the child process was created, and this means the process could |
394 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
444 | have exited already (and no SIGCHLD will be sent anymore). |
395 | |
445 | |
396 | Not all event models handle this correctly (POE doesn't), but even for |
446 | Not all event models handle this correctly (neither POE nor IO::Async do, |
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447 | see their AnyEvent::Impl manpages for details), but even for event models |
397 | event models that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be |
448 | that I<do> handle this correctly, they usually need to be loaded before |
398 | loaded before the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). |
449 | the process exits (i.e. before you fork in the first place). AnyEvent's |
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450 | pure perl event loop handles all cases correctly regardless of when you |
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451 | start the watcher. |
399 | |
452 | |
400 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first thing in an |
453 | This means you cannot create a child watcher as the very first |
401 | AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one watcher before you |
454 | thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one |
402 | C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
455 | watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call |
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456 | C<AnyEvent::detect>). |
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457 | |
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458 | As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be |
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459 | emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems |
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460 | mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply. |
403 | |
461 | |
404 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
462 | Example: fork a process and wait for it |
405 | |
463 | |
406 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
464 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
407 | |
465 | |
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419 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
477 | # do something else, then wait for process exit |
420 | $done->recv; |
478 | $done->recv; |
421 | |
479 | |
422 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
480 | =head2 IDLE WATCHERS |
423 | |
481 | |
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482 | $w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>); |
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483 | |
424 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
484 | Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important |
425 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
485 | to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This |
426 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
486 | "nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need |
427 | attention by the event loop". |
487 | attention by the event loop". |
428 | |
488 | |
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454 | }); |
514 | }); |
455 | }); |
515 | }); |
456 | |
516 | |
457 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
517 | =head2 CONDITION VARIABLES |
458 | |
518 | |
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519 | $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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520 | |
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521 | $cv->send (<list>); |
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522 | my @res = $cv->recv; |
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523 | |
459 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
524 | If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them |
460 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
525 | require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that |
461 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
526 | will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks. |
462 | |
527 | |
463 | AnyEvent is different, it expects somebody else to run the event loop and |
528 | AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event |
464 | will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
529 | loop and will only block when necessary (usually when told by the user). |
465 | |
530 | |
466 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
531 | The instrument to do that is called a "condition variable", so called |
467 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
532 | because they represent a condition that must become true. |
468 | |
533 | |
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534 | Now is probably a good time to look at the examples further below. |
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535 | |
469 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
536 | Condition variables can be created by calling the C<< AnyEvent->condvar |
470 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
537 | >> method, usually without arguments. The only argument pair allowed is |
471 | |
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472 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
538 | C<cb>, which specifies a callback to be called when the condition variable |
473 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
539 | becomes true, with the condition variable as the first argument (but not |
474 | the results). |
540 | the results). |
475 | |
541 | |
476 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
542 | After creation, the condition variable is "false" until it becomes "true" |
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481 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
547 | Condition variables are similar to callbacks, except that you can |
482 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
548 | optionally wait for them. They can also be called merge points - points |
483 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
549 | in time where multiple outstanding events have been processed. And yet |
484 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
550 | another way to call them is transactions - each condition variable can be |
485 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
551 | used to represent a transaction, which finishes at some point and delivers |
486 | a result. |
552 | a result. And yet some people know them as "futures" - a promise to |
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553 | compute/deliver something that you can wait for. |
487 | |
554 | |
488 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
555 | Condition variables are very useful to signal that something has finished, |
489 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
556 | for example, if you write a module that does asynchronous http requests, |
490 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
557 | then a condition variable would be the ideal candidate to signal the |
491 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
558 | availability of results. The user can either act when the callback is |
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525 | after => 1, |
592 | after => 1, |
526 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
593 | cb => sub { $result_ready->send }, |
527 | ); |
594 | ); |
528 | |
595 | |
529 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
596 | # this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback |
530 | # calls send |
597 | # calls ->send |
531 | $result_ready->recv; |
598 | $result_ready->recv; |
532 | |
599 | |
533 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that |
600 | Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition |
534 | condition variables are also code references. |
601 | variables are also callable directly. |
535 | |
602 | |
536 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
603 | my $done = AnyEvent->condvar; |
537 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
604 | my $delay = AnyEvent->timer (after => 5, cb => $done); |
538 | $done->recv; |
605 | $done->recv; |
539 | |
606 | |
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545 | |
612 | |
546 | ... |
613 | ... |
547 | |
614 | |
548 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
615 | my @info = $couchdb->info->recv; |
549 | |
616 | |
550 | And this is how you would just ste a callback to be called whenever the |
617 | And this is how you would just set a callback to be called whenever the |
551 | results are available: |
618 | results are available: |
552 | |
619 | |
553 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
620 | $couchdb->info->cb (sub { |
554 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
621 | my @info = $_[0]->recv; |
555 | }); |
622 | }); |
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573 | immediately from within send. |
640 | immediately from within send. |
574 | |
641 | |
575 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
642 | Any arguments passed to the C<send> call will be returned by all |
576 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
643 | future C<< ->recv >> calls. |
577 | |
644 | |
578 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly |
645 | Condition variables are overloaded so one can call them directly (as if |
579 | (as a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
646 | they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling |
580 | C<send>. Note, however, that many C-based event loops do not handle |
647 | C<send>. |
581 | overloading, so as tempting as it may be, passing a condition variable |
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582 | instead of a callback does not work. Both the pure perl and EV loops |
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583 | support overloading, however, as well as all functions that use perl to |
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584 | invoke a callback (as in L<AnyEvent::Socket> and L<AnyEvent::DNS> for |
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585 | example). |
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586 | |
648 | |
587 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
649 | =item $cv->croak ($error) |
588 | |
650 | |
589 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
651 | Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke |
590 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
652 | C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar. |
591 | |
653 | |
592 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
654 | This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable |
593 | user/consumer. |
655 | user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly |
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656 | delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it |
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657 | diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not |
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658 | deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing |
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659 | the problem. |
594 | |
660 | |
595 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
661 | =item $cv->begin ([group callback]) |
596 | |
662 | |
597 | =item $cv->end |
663 | =item $cv->end |
598 | |
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599 | These two methods are EXPERIMENTAL and MIGHT CHANGE. |
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600 | |
664 | |
601 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
665 | These two methods can be used to combine many transactions/events into |
602 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
666 | one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want |
603 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
667 | to use a condition variable for the whole process. |
604 | |
668 | |
605 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
669 | Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to |
606 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
670 | C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end |
607 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback |
671 | >>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the |
608 | is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no |
672 | condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send |
609 | callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments. |
673 | >>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will |
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674 | be called without any arguments. |
610 | |
675 | |
611 | Let's clarify this with the ping example: |
676 | You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call |
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677 | sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND |
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678 | condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends). |
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679 | |
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680 | Let's start with a simple example: you have two I/O watchers (for example, |
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681 | STDOUT and STDERR for a program), and you want to wait for both streams to |
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682 | close before activating a condvar: |
612 | |
683 | |
613 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
684 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
614 | |
685 | |
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686 | $cv->begin; # first watcher |
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687 | my $w1 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh1, cb => sub { |
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688 | defined sysread $fh1, my $buf, 4096 |
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689 | or $cv->end; |
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690 | }); |
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691 | |
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692 | $cv->begin; # second watcher |
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693 | my $w2 = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh2, cb => sub { |
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694 | defined sysread $fh2, my $buf, 4096 |
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695 | or $cv->end; |
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696 | }); |
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697 | |
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698 | $cv->recv; |
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699 | |
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700 | This works because for every event source (EOF on file handle), there is |
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701 | one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before |
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702 | sending. |
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703 | |
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704 | The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the |
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705 | there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are |
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706 | begung can potentially be zero: |
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707 | |
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708 | my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; |
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709 | |
615 | my %result; |
710 | my %result; |
616 | $cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) }); |
711 | $cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) }); |
617 | |
712 | |
618 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
713 | for my $host (@list_of_hosts) { |
619 | $cv->begin; |
714 | $cv->begin; |
620 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
715 | ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub { |
621 | $result{$host} = ...; |
716 | $result{$host} = ...; |
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636 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
731 | loop, which serves two important purposes: first, it sets the callback |
637 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
732 | to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that |
638 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
733 | C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop |
639 | doesn't execute once). |
734 | doesn't execute once). |
640 | |
735 | |
641 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple subrequests: |
736 | This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but |
642 | use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set the callback and ensure C<end> |
737 | potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set |
643 | is called at least once, and then, for each subrequest you start, call |
738 | the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each |
644 | C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, call C<end>. |
739 | subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish, |
|
|
740 | call C<end>. |
645 | |
741 | |
646 | =back |
742 | =back |
647 | |
743 | |
648 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
744 | =head3 METHODS FOR CONSUMERS |
649 | |
745 | |
… | |
… | |
665 | function will call C<croak>. |
761 | function will call C<croak>. |
666 | |
762 | |
667 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
763 | In list context, all parameters passed to C<send> will be returned, |
668 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
764 | in scalar context only the first one will be returned. |
669 | |
765 | |
|
|
766 | Note that doing a blocking wait in a callback is not supported by any |
|
|
767 | event loop, that is, recursive invocation of a blocking C<< ->recv |
|
|
768 | >> is not allowed, and the C<recv> call will C<croak> if such a |
|
|
769 | condition is detected. This condition can be slightly loosened by using |
|
|
770 | L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you to do a blocking C<< ->recv >> from |
|
|
771 | any thread that doesn't run the event loop itself. |
|
|
772 | |
670 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
773 | Not all event models support a blocking wait - some die in that case |
671 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
774 | (programs might want to do that to stay interactive), so I<if you are |
672 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>, but let the |
775 | using this from a module, never require a blocking wait>. Instead, let the |
673 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
776 | caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling |
674 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
777 | condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting |
675 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
778 | callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block, |
676 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
779 | while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires). |
677 | |
780 | |
678 | Another reason I<never> to C<< ->recv >> in a module is that you cannot |
|
|
679 | sensibly have two C<< ->recv >>'s in parallel, as that would require |
|
|
680 | multiple interpreters or coroutines/threads, none of which C<AnyEvent> |
|
|
681 | can supply. |
|
|
682 | |
|
|
683 | The L<Coro> module, however, I<can> and I<does> supply coroutines and, in |
|
|
684 | fact, L<Coro::AnyEvent> replaces AnyEvent's condvars by coroutine-safe |
|
|
685 | versions and also integrates coroutines into AnyEvent, making blocking |
|
|
686 | C<< ->recv >> calls perfectly safe as long as they are done from another |
|
|
687 | coroutine (one that doesn't run the event loop). |
|
|
688 | |
|
|
689 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
781 | You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and |
690 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
782 | only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later |
691 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
783 | time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking |
692 | waits otherwise. |
784 | waits otherwise. |
693 | |
785 | |
… | |
… | |
699 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
791 | =item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv)) |
700 | |
792 | |
701 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
793 | This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally |
702 | replaces it before doing so. |
794 | replaces it before doing so. |
703 | |
795 | |
704 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when |
796 | The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was) |
705 | C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition |
797 | "true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with |
706 | variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time |
798 | the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv> |
707 | is guaranteed not to block. |
799 | inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block. |
708 | |
800 | |
709 | =back |
801 | =back |
710 | |
802 | |
|
|
803 | =head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS |
|
|
804 | |
|
|
805 | The available backend classes are (every class has its own manpage): |
|
|
806 | |
|
|
807 | =over 4 |
|
|
808 | |
|
|
809 | =item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found. |
|
|
810 | |
|
|
811 | EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in |
|
|
812 | use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own |
|
|
813 | pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with |
|
|
814 | AnyEvent itself. |
|
|
815 | |
|
|
816 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
817 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
818 | |
|
|
819 | =item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used. |
|
|
820 | |
|
|
821 | These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher |
|
|
822 | is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using |
|
|
823 | them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend |
|
|
824 | when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to |
|
|
825 | create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program. |
|
|
826 | |
|
|
827 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches. |
|
|
828 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable. |
|
|
829 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken. |
|
|
830 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
831 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations. |
|
|
832 | AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi. |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | =item Backends with special needs. |
|
|
835 | |
|
|
836 | Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will |
|
|
837 | otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program |
|
|
838 | instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created, |
|
|
839 | everything should just work. |
|
|
840 | |
|
|
841 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt. |
|
|
842 | |
|
|
843 | Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and |
|
|
844 | architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also |
|
|
845 | is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so |
|
|
846 | it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See |
|
|
847 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details. |
|
|
848 | |
|
|
849 | AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed. |
|
|
850 | |
|
|
851 | =item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends. |
|
|
852 | |
|
|
853 | Some event loops can be supported via other modules: |
|
|
854 | |
|
|
855 | There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>. |
|
|
856 | |
|
|
857 | B<WxWidgets> has no support for watching file handles. However, you can |
|
|
858 | use WxWidgets through the POE adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply |
|
|
859 | polls 20 times per second, which was considered to be too horrible to even |
|
|
860 | consider for AnyEvent. |
|
|
861 | |
|
|
862 | B<Prima> is not supported as nobody seems to be using it, but it has a POE |
|
|
863 | backend, so it can be supported through POE. |
|
|
864 | |
|
|
865 | AnyEvent knows about both L<Prima> and L<Wx>, however, and will try to |
|
|
866 | load L<POE> when detecting them, in the hope that POE will pick them up, |
|
|
867 | in which case everything will be automatic. |
|
|
868 | |
|
|
869 | =back |
|
|
870 | |
711 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
871 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS |
712 | |
872 | |
|
|
873 | These are not normally required to use AnyEvent, but can be useful to |
|
|
874 | write AnyEvent extension modules. |
|
|
875 | |
713 | =over 4 |
876 | =over 4 |
714 | |
877 | |
715 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
878 | =item $AnyEvent::MODEL |
716 | |
879 | |
717 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created. Then it |
880 | Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the |
|
|
881 | backend has been autodetected. |
|
|
882 | |
718 | contains the event model that is being used, which is the name of the |
883 | Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the |
719 | Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one of the |
884 | name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one |
720 | C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the case |
885 | of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the |
721 | AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode>). |
886 | case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it |
722 | |
887 | will be C<urxvt::anyevent>). |
723 | The known classes so far are: |
|
|
724 | |
|
|
725 | AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (an interface to libev, best choice). |
|
|
726 | AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, second best choice. |
|
|
727 | AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable. |
|
|
728 | AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, third-best choice. |
|
|
729 | AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very bad choice. |
|
|
730 | AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt, cannot be autoprobed (see its docs). |
|
|
731 | AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse. |
|
|
732 | AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, not generic enough for full support. |
|
|
733 | |
|
|
734 | There is no support for WxWidgets, as WxWidgets has no support for |
|
|
735 | watching file handles. However, you can use WxWidgets through the |
|
|
736 | POE Adaptor, as POE has a Wx backend that simply polls 20 times per |
|
|
737 | second, which was considered to be too horrible to even consider for |
|
|
738 | AnyEvent. Likewise, other POE backends can be used by AnyEvent by using |
|
|
739 | it's adaptor. |
|
|
740 | |
|
|
741 | AnyEvent knows about L<Prima> and L<Wx> and will try to use L<POE> when |
|
|
742 | autodetecting them. |
|
|
743 | |
888 | |
744 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
889 | =item AnyEvent::detect |
745 | |
890 | |
746 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
891 | Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model |
747 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
892 | if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would |
748 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
893 | have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at |
749 | runtime. |
894 | runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module. |
|
|
895 | |
|
|
896 | If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are |
|
|
897 | created, use C<post_detect>. |
750 | |
898 | |
751 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
899 | =item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK } |
752 | |
900 | |
753 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
901 | Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is |
754 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
902 | autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened). |
755 | |
903 | |
|
|
904 | The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected |
|
|
905 | (C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been |
|
|
906 | created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do |
|
|
907 | other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or |
|
|
908 | L<AnyEvent::AIO> to see how this is used. |
|
|
909 | |
|
|
910 | The most common usage is to create some global watchers, without forcing |
|
|
911 | event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates |
|
|
912 | and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to |
|
|
913 | avoid autodetecting the event module at load time. |
|
|
914 | |
756 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
915 | If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object |
757 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See |
916 | that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or |
|
|
917 | C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for |
758 | L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful. |
918 | a case where this is useful. |
|
|
919 | |
|
|
920 | Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in |
|
|
921 | C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though. |
|
|
922 | |
|
|
923 | our WATCHER; |
|
|
924 | |
|
|
925 | my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { |
|
|
926 | $WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
927 | }; |
|
|
928 | |
|
|
929 | # the ||= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block, |
|
|
930 | # as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and |
|
|
931 | # post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being |
|
|
932 | # able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief. |
|
|
933 | |
|
|
934 | $WATCHER ||= $guard; |
759 | |
935 | |
760 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
936 | =item @AnyEvent::post_detect |
761 | |
937 | |
762 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
938 | If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it |
763 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
939 | before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after |
764 | the event loop has been chosen. |
940 | the event loop has been chosen. |
765 | |
941 | |
766 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
942 | You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though: |
767 | if it contains a true value then the event loop has already been detected, |
943 | if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the |
768 | and the array will be ignored. |
944 | array will be ignored. |
769 | |
945 | |
770 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> instead. |
946 | Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows |
|
|
947 | it,as it takes care of these details. |
|
|
948 | |
|
|
949 | This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful |
|
|
950 | when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do |
|
|
951 | not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook |
|
|
952 | into AnyEvent passively, without loading it. |
771 | |
953 | |
772 | =back |
954 | =back |
773 | |
955 | |
774 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
956 | =head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE |
775 | |
957 | |
… | |
… | |
830 | |
1012 | |
831 | |
1013 | |
832 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
1014 | =head1 OTHER MODULES |
833 | |
1015 | |
834 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
1016 | The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use |
835 | AnyEvent and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent modules |
1017 | AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent |
836 | in the same program. Some of the modules come with AnyEvent, some are |
1018 | modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules |
837 | available via CPAN. |
1019 | come with AnyEvent, most are available via CPAN. |
838 | |
1020 | |
839 | =over 4 |
1021 | =over 4 |
840 | |
1022 | |
841 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
1023 | =item L<AnyEvent::Util> |
842 | |
1024 | |
… | |
… | |
851 | |
1033 | |
852 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
1034 | =item L<AnyEvent::Handle> |
853 | |
1035 | |
854 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
1036 | Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes, |
855 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
1037 | supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and |
856 | non-blocking SSL/TLS. |
1038 | non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
857 | |
1039 | |
858 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
1040 | =item L<AnyEvent::DNS> |
859 | |
1041 | |
860 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
1042 | Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities. |
861 | |
1043 | |
… | |
… | |
889 | |
1071 | |
890 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
1072 | =item L<AnyEvent::GPSD> |
891 | |
1073 | |
892 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
1074 | A non-blocking interface to gpsd, a daemon delivering GPS information. |
893 | |
1075 | |
|
|
1076 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
1077 | |
|
|
1078 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
1079 | |
|
|
1080 | =item L<AnyEvent::XMPP> |
|
|
1081 | |
|
|
1082 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family (replacing the older |
|
|
1083 | Net::XMPP2>. |
|
|
1084 | |
894 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
1085 | =item L<AnyEvent::IGS> |
895 | |
1086 | |
896 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
1087 | A non-blocking interface to the Internet Go Server protocol (used by |
897 | L<App::IGS>). |
1088 | L<App::IGS>). |
898 | |
1089 | |
899 | =item L<AnyEvent::IRC> |
|
|
900 | |
|
|
901 | AnyEvent based IRC client module family (replacing the older Net::IRC3). |
|
|
902 | |
|
|
903 | =item L<Net::XMPP2> |
|
|
904 | |
|
|
905 | AnyEvent based XMPP (Jabber protocol) module family. |
|
|
906 | |
|
|
907 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
1090 | =item L<Net::FCP> |
908 | |
1091 | |
909 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
1092 | AnyEvent-based implementation of the Freenet Client Protocol, birthplace |
910 | of AnyEvent. |
1093 | of AnyEvent. |
911 | |
1094 | |
… | |
… | |
915 | |
1098 | |
916 | =item L<Coro> |
1099 | =item L<Coro> |
917 | |
1100 | |
918 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
1101 | Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>. |
919 | |
1102 | |
920 | =item L<IO::Lambda> |
|
|
921 | |
|
|
922 | The lambda approach to I/O - don't ask, look there. Can use AnyEvent. |
|
|
923 | |
|
|
924 | =back |
1103 | =back |
925 | |
1104 | |
926 | =cut |
1105 | =cut |
927 | |
1106 | |
928 | package AnyEvent; |
1107 | package AnyEvent; |
929 | |
1108 | |
930 | no warnings; |
1109 | # basically a tuned-down version of common::sense |
|
|
1110 | sub common_sense { |
|
|
1111 | # from common:.sense 1.0 |
|
|
1112 | ${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\xf3\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x03"; |
931 | use strict qw(vars subs); |
1113 | # use strict vars subs |
|
|
1114 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
|
|
1115 | } |
932 | |
1116 | |
|
|
1117 | BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense } |
|
|
1118 | |
933 | use Carp; |
1119 | use Carp (); |
934 | |
1120 | |
935 | our $VERSION = 4.352; |
1121 | our $VERSION = '5.202'; |
936 | our $MODEL; |
1122 | our $MODEL; |
937 | |
1123 | |
938 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
1124 | our $AUTOLOAD; |
939 | our @ISA; |
1125 | our @ISA; |
940 | |
1126 | |
941 | our @REGISTRY; |
1127 | our @REGISTRY; |
942 | |
1128 | |
943 | our $WIN32; |
1129 | our $WIN32; |
944 | |
1130 | |
|
|
1131 | our $VERBOSE; |
|
|
1132 | |
945 | BEGIN { |
1133 | BEGIN { |
946 | my $win32 = ! ! ($^O =~ /mswin32/i); |
1134 | eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }"; |
947 | eval "sub WIN32(){ $win32 }"; |
1135 | eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }"; |
948 | } |
|
|
949 | |
1136 | |
|
|
1137 | delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} |
|
|
1138 | if ${^TAINT}; |
|
|
1139 | |
950 | our $verbose = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
1140 | $VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1; |
|
|
1141 | |
|
|
1142 | } |
|
|
1143 | |
|
|
1144 | our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10; |
951 | |
1145 | |
952 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
1146 | our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred |
953 | |
1147 | |
954 | { |
1148 | { |
955 | my $idx; |
1149 | my $idx; |
… | |
… | |
957 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
1151 | for reverse split /\s*,\s*/, |
958 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
1152 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6"; |
959 | } |
1153 | } |
960 | |
1154 | |
961 | my @models = ( |
1155 | my @models = ( |
962 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::], |
1156 | [EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1], |
963 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], |
|
|
964 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::], |
1157 | [AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1], |
965 | # everything below here will not be autoprobed |
1158 | # everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed |
966 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
1159 | # as the pureperl backend should work everywhere |
967 | # and is usually faster |
1160 | # and is usually faster |
|
|
1161 | [Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1], |
|
|
1162 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
1163 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
1164 | [Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package |
968 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
1165 | [Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles |
969 | [Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers |
|
|
970 | [Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy |
|
|
971 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
1166 | [Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program |
972 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
1167 | [POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza |
973 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1168 | [Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
974 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
1169 | [Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], |
|
|
1170 | # IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its |
|
|
1171 | # byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others. |
|
|
1172 | # IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any |
|
|
1173 | # obvious default class. |
|
|
1174 | [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1175 | [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1176 | [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
|
|
1177 | [AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program |
975 | ); |
1178 | ); |
976 | |
1179 | |
977 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
1180 | our %method = map +($_ => 1), |
978 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
1181 | qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY); |
979 | |
1182 | |
… | |
… | |
983 | my ($cb) = @_; |
1186 | my ($cb) = @_; |
984 | |
1187 | |
985 | if ($MODEL) { |
1188 | if ($MODEL) { |
986 | $cb->(); |
1189 | $cb->(); |
987 | |
1190 | |
988 | 1 |
1191 | undef |
989 | } else { |
1192 | } else { |
990 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
1193 | push @post_detect, $cb; |
991 | |
1194 | |
992 | defined wantarray |
1195 | defined wantarray |
993 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
1196 | ? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect" |
… | |
… | |
999 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1202 | @post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect; |
1000 | } |
1203 | } |
1001 | |
1204 | |
1002 | sub detect() { |
1205 | sub detect() { |
1003 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1206 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1004 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
1005 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1207 | local $SIG{__DIE__}; |
1006 | |
1208 | |
1007 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1209 | if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) { |
1008 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1210 | my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1"; |
1009 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1211 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1010 | $MODEL = $model; |
1212 | $MODEL = $model; |
1011 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1213 | warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1012 | } else { |
1214 | } else { |
1013 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL):\n$@" if $verbose; |
1215 | warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE; |
1014 | } |
1216 | } |
1015 | } |
1217 | } |
1016 | |
1218 | |
1017 | # check for already loaded models |
1219 | # check for already loaded models |
1018 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1220 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1019 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1221 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1020 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1222 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1021 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1223 | if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) { |
1022 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1224 | if (eval "require $model") { |
1023 | $MODEL = $model; |
1225 | $MODEL = $model; |
1024 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1226 | warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1025 | last; |
1227 | last; |
1026 | } |
1228 | } |
1027 | } |
1229 | } |
1028 | } |
1230 | } |
1029 | |
1231 | |
1030 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1232 | unless ($MODEL) { |
1031 | # try to load a model |
1233 | # try to autoload a model |
1032 | |
|
|
1033 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1234 | for (@REGISTRY, @models) { |
1034 | my ($package, $model) = @$_; |
1235 | my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_; |
|
|
1236 | if ( |
|
|
1237 | $autoload |
1035 | if (eval "require $package" |
1238 | and eval "require $package" |
1036 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1239 | and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0 |
1037 | and eval "require $model") { |
1240 | and eval "require $model" |
|
|
1241 | ) { |
1038 | $MODEL = $model; |
1242 | $MODEL = $model; |
1039 | warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $verbose > 1; |
1243 | warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2; |
1040 | last; |
1244 | last; |
1041 | } |
1245 | } |
1042 | } |
1246 | } |
1043 | |
1247 | |
1044 | $MODEL |
1248 | $MODEL |
… | |
… | |
1060 | |
1264 | |
1061 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1265 | sub AUTOLOAD { |
1062 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1266 | (my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://; |
1063 | |
1267 | |
1064 | $method{$func} |
1268 | $method{$func} |
1065 | or croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1269 | or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects"; |
1066 | |
1270 | |
1067 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1271 | detect unless $MODEL; |
1068 | |
1272 | |
1069 | my $class = shift; |
1273 | my $class = shift; |
1070 | $class->$func (@_); |
1274 | $class->$func (@_); |
1071 | } |
1275 | } |
1072 | |
1276 | |
1073 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1277 | # utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends |
1074 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1278 | # to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually |
1075 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1279 | # allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one). |
1076 | sub _dupfh($$$$) { |
1280 | sub _dupfh($$;$$) { |
1077 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1281 | my ($poll, $fh, $r, $w) = @_; |
1078 | |
1282 | |
1079 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1283 | # cygwin requires the fh mode to be matching, unix doesn't |
1080 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<") |
1284 | my ($rw, $mode) = $poll eq "r" ? ($r, "<&") : ($w, ">&"); |
1081 | : $poll eq "w" ? ($w, ">") |
|
|
1082 | : Carp::croak "AnyEvent->io requires poll set to either 'r' or 'w'"; |
|
|
1083 | |
1285 | |
1084 | open my $fh2, "$mode&" . fileno $fh |
1286 | open my $fh2, $mode, $fh |
1085 | or die "cannot dup() filehandle: $!,"; |
1287 | or die "AnyEvent->io: cannot dup() filehandle in mode '$poll': $!,"; |
1086 | |
1288 | |
1087 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1289 | # we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases |
1088 | |
1290 | |
1089 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1291 | ($fh2, $rw) |
1090 | } |
1292 | } |
1091 | |
1293 | |
|
|
1294 | =head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API |
|
|
1295 | |
|
|
1296 | Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much |
|
|
1297 | simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory |
|
|
1298 | overhead. |
|
|
1299 | |
|
|
1300 | See the L<AE> manpage for details. |
|
|
1301 | |
|
|
1302 | =cut |
|
|
1303 | |
|
|
1304 | package AE; |
|
|
1305 | |
|
|
1306 | our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION; |
|
|
1307 | |
|
|
1308 | sub io($$$) { |
|
|
1309 | AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1310 | } |
|
|
1311 | |
|
|
1312 | sub timer($$$) { |
|
|
1313 | AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2]) |
|
|
1314 | } |
|
|
1315 | |
|
|
1316 | sub signal($$) { |
|
|
1317 | AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1318 | } |
|
|
1319 | |
|
|
1320 | sub child($$) { |
|
|
1321 | AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1]) |
|
|
1322 | } |
|
|
1323 | |
|
|
1324 | sub idle($) { |
|
|
1325 | AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]) |
|
|
1326 | } |
|
|
1327 | |
|
|
1328 | sub cv(;&) { |
|
|
1329 | AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ()) |
|
|
1330 | } |
|
|
1331 | |
|
|
1332 | sub now() { |
|
|
1333 | AnyEvent->now |
|
|
1334 | } |
|
|
1335 | |
|
|
1336 | sub now_update() { |
|
|
1337 | AnyEvent->now_update |
|
|
1338 | } |
|
|
1339 | |
|
|
1340 | sub time() { |
|
|
1341 | AnyEvent->time |
|
|
1342 | } |
|
|
1343 | |
1092 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1344 | package AnyEvent::Base; |
1093 | |
1345 | |
1094 | # default implementations for many methods |
1346 | # default implementations for many methods |
1095 | |
1347 | |
1096 | BEGIN { |
1348 | sub _time() { |
|
|
1349 | # probe for availability of Time::HiRes |
1097 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
1350 | if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") { |
|
|
1351 | warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1098 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1352 | *_time = \&Time::HiRes::time; |
1099 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1353 | # if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())... |
1100 | } else { |
1354 | } else { |
|
|
1355 | warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE; |
1101 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1356 | *_time = sub { time }; # epic fail |
1102 | } |
1357 | } |
|
|
1358 | |
|
|
1359 | &_time |
1103 | } |
1360 | } |
1104 | |
1361 | |
1105 | sub time { _time } |
1362 | sub time { _time } |
1106 | sub now { _time } |
1363 | sub now { _time } |
1107 | sub now_update { } |
1364 | sub now_update { } |
… | |
… | |
1112 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1369 | bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar" |
1113 | } |
1370 | } |
1114 | |
1371 | |
1115 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1372 | # default implementation for ->signal |
1116 | |
1373 | |
|
|
1374 | our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1375 | |
|
|
1376 | sub _have_async_interrupt() { |
|
|
1377 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} |
|
|
1378 | && eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1") |
|
|
1379 | unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT; |
|
|
1380 | |
|
|
1381 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1382 | } |
|
|
1383 | |
1117 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
1384 | our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO); |
|
|
1385 | our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W); |
|
|
1386 | our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW); |
1118 | |
1387 | |
1119 | sub _signal_exec { |
1388 | sub _signal_exec { |
|
|
1389 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1390 | ? $SIGPIPE_R->drain |
1120 | sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 4; |
1391 | : sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9; |
1121 | |
1392 | |
1122 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1393 | while (%SIG_EV) { |
1123 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1394 | for (keys %SIG_EV) { |
1124 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1395 | delete $SIG_EV{$_}; |
1125 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1396 | $_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} }; |
1126 | } |
1397 | } |
1127 | } |
1398 | } |
1128 | } |
1399 | } |
1129 | |
1400 | |
|
|
1401 | # install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency |
|
|
1402 | sub _sig_add() { |
|
|
1403 | unless ($SIG_COUNT++) { |
|
|
1404 | # try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible |
|
|
1405 | my $NOW = AE::now; |
|
|
1406 | |
|
|
1407 | $SIG_TW = AE::timer |
|
|
1408 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW), |
|
|
1409 | $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY, |
|
|
1410 | sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK |
|
|
1411 | ; |
|
|
1412 | } |
|
|
1413 | } |
|
|
1414 | |
|
|
1415 | sub _sig_del { |
|
|
1416 | undef $SIG_TW |
|
|
1417 | unless --$SIG_COUNT; |
|
|
1418 | } |
|
|
1419 | |
|
|
1420 | our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub { |
|
|
1421 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading |
|
|
1422 | undef $_sig_name_init; |
|
|
1423 | |
|
|
1424 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1425 | *sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num; |
|
|
1426 | *sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name; |
|
|
1427 | } else { |
|
|
1428 | require Config; |
|
|
1429 | |
|
|
1430 | my %signame2num; |
|
|
1431 | @signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} } |
|
|
1432 | = split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num}; |
|
|
1433 | |
|
|
1434 | my @signum2name; |
|
|
1435 | @signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num; |
|
|
1436 | |
|
|
1437 | *sig2num = sub($) { |
|
|
1438 | $_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift} |
|
|
1439 | }; |
|
|
1440 | *sig2name = sub ($) { |
|
|
1441 | $_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift |
|
|
1442 | }; |
|
|
1443 | } |
|
|
1444 | }; |
|
|
1445 | die if $@; |
|
|
1446 | }; |
|
|
1447 | |
|
|
1448 | sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num } |
|
|
1449 | sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name } |
|
|
1450 | |
1130 | sub signal { |
1451 | sub signal { |
1131 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1452 | eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {} |
|
|
1453 | # probe for availability of Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1454 | if (_have_async_interrupt) { |
|
|
1455 | warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
1132 | |
1456 | |
1133 | unless ($SIGPIPE_R) { |
1457 | $SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe; |
1134 | require Fcntl; |
1458 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1135 | |
1459 | |
1136 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1137 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1138 | |
|
|
1139 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1140 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1141 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1142 | } else { |
1460 | } else { |
|
|
1461 | warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8; |
|
|
1462 | |
|
|
1463 | require Fcntl; |
|
|
1464 | |
|
|
1465 | if (AnyEvent::WIN32) { |
|
|
1466 | require AnyEvent::Util; |
|
|
1467 | |
|
|
1468 | ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe (); |
|
|
1469 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R; |
|
|
1470 | AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1471 | } else { |
1143 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1472 | pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W; |
1144 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1473 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R; |
1145 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
1474 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case |
|
|
1475 | |
|
|
1476 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1477 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1478 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1479 | } |
|
|
1480 | |
|
|
1481 | $SIGPIPE_R |
|
|
1482 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
|
|
1483 | |
|
|
1484 | $SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec; |
1146 | } |
1485 | } |
1147 | |
1486 | |
1148 | $SIGPIPE_R |
1487 | *signal = sub { |
1149 | or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n"; |
1488 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1150 | |
1489 | |
1151 | # not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure... |
|
|
1152 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1153 | fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC; |
|
|
1154 | |
|
|
1155 | $SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec); |
|
|
1156 | } |
|
|
1157 | |
|
|
1158 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1490 | my $signal = uc $arg{signal} |
1159 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1491 | or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing"; |
1160 | |
1492 | |
|
|
1493 | if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) { |
|
|
1494 | # async::interrupt |
|
|
1495 | |
|
|
1496 | $signal = sig2num $signal; |
1161 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1497 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1498 | |
|
|
1499 | $SIG_ASY{$signal} ||= new Async::Interrupt |
|
|
1500 | cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} }, |
|
|
1501 | signal => $signal, |
|
|
1502 | pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos], |
|
|
1503 | pipe_autodrain => 0, |
|
|
1504 | ; |
|
|
1505 | |
|
|
1506 | } else { |
|
|
1507 | # pure perl |
|
|
1508 | |
|
|
1509 | # AE::Util has been loaded in signal |
|
|
1510 | $signal = sig2name $signal; |
|
|
1511 | $SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
|
|
1512 | |
1162 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1513 | $SIG{$signal} ||= sub { |
1163 | local $!; |
1514 | local $!; |
1164 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1515 | syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV; |
1165 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
1516 | undef $SIG_EV{$signal}; |
|
|
1517 | }; |
|
|
1518 | |
|
|
1519 | # can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl, |
|
|
1520 | # so limit the signal latency. |
|
|
1521 | _sig_add; |
|
|
1522 | } |
|
|
1523 | |
|
|
1524 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
|
|
1525 | }; |
|
|
1526 | |
|
|
1527 | *AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub { |
|
|
1528 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1529 | |
|
|
1530 | _sig_del; |
|
|
1531 | |
|
|
1532 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1533 | |
|
|
1534 | $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT |
|
|
1535 | ? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal} |
|
|
1536 | : # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then |
|
|
1537 | # print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit |
|
|
1538 | # instead of getting the default action. |
|
|
1539 | undef $SIG{$signal} |
|
|
1540 | unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
|
|
1541 | }; |
1166 | }; |
1542 | }; |
1167 | |
1543 | die if $@; |
1168 | bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal" |
1544 | &signal |
1169 | } |
|
|
1170 | |
|
|
1171 | sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY { |
|
|
1172 | my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]}; |
|
|
1173 | |
|
|
1174 | delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb}; |
|
|
1175 | |
|
|
1176 | delete $SIG{$signal} unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} }; |
|
|
1177 | } |
1545 | } |
1178 | |
1546 | |
1179 | # default implementation for ->child |
1547 | # default implementation for ->child |
1180 | |
1548 | |
1181 | our %PID_CB; |
1549 | our %PID_CB; |
1182 | our $CHLD_W; |
1550 | our $CHLD_W; |
1183 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1551 | our $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1184 | our $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1185 | our $WNOHANG; |
1552 | our $WNOHANG; |
1186 | |
1553 | |
1187 | sub _child_wait { |
1554 | sub _emit_childstatus($$) { |
1188 | while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) { |
1555 | my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_; |
|
|
1556 | |
|
|
1557 | $_->($rpid, $rstatus) |
1189 | $_->($pid, $?) for (values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} || {} }), |
1558 | for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} || {} }, |
1190 | (values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }); |
1559 | values %{ $PID_CB{0} || {} }; |
1191 | } |
|
|
1192 | |
|
|
1193 | undef $PID_IDLE; |
|
|
1194 | } |
1560 | } |
1195 | |
1561 | |
1196 | sub _sigchld { |
1562 | sub _sigchld { |
1197 | # make sure we deliver these changes "synchronous" with the event loop. |
1563 | my $pid; |
1198 | $CHLD_DELAY_W ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => 0, cb => sub { |
1564 | |
1199 | undef $CHLD_DELAY_W; |
1565 | AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?) |
1200 | &_child_wait; |
1566 | while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0; |
1201 | }); |
|
|
1202 | } |
1567 | } |
1203 | |
1568 | |
1204 | sub child { |
1569 | sub child { |
1205 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1570 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1206 | |
1571 | |
1207 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1572 | defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0) |
1208 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1573 | or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing"; |
1209 | |
1574 | |
1210 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1575 | $PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb}; |
1211 | |
1576 | |
1212 | unless ($WNOHANG) { |
1577 | # WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere |
|
|
1578 | $WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/ |
|
|
1579 | ? 1 |
1213 | $WNOHANG = eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1580 | : eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1; |
1214 | } |
|
|
1215 | |
1581 | |
1216 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1582 | unless ($CHLD_W) { |
1217 | $CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld); |
1583 | $CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld; |
1218 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1584 | # child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round |
1219 | &_sigchld; |
1585 | &_sigchld; |
1220 | } |
1586 | } |
1221 | |
1587 | |
1222 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
1588 | bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child" |
… | |
… | |
1230 | |
1596 | |
1231 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1597 | undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB; |
1232 | } |
1598 | } |
1233 | |
1599 | |
1234 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1600 | # idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless |
1235 | # of whether the proces sis idle or not, and not letting |
1601 | # of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting |
1236 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1602 | # the callback use more than 50% of the time. |
1237 | sub idle { |
1603 | sub idle { |
1238 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1604 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
1239 | |
1605 | |
1240 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
1606 | my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb}; |
… | |
… | |
1248 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1614 | # never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher, |
1249 | # within some limits |
1615 | # within some limits |
1250 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1616 | $w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001; |
1251 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1617 | $w = 5 if $w > 5; |
1252 | |
1618 | |
1253 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb); |
1619 | $w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb; |
1254 | } else { |
1620 | } else { |
1255 | # clean up... |
1621 | # clean up... |
1256 | undef $w; |
1622 | undef $w; |
1257 | undef $rcb; |
1623 | undef $rcb; |
1258 | } |
1624 | } |
1259 | }; |
1625 | }; |
1260 | |
1626 | |
1261 | $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb); |
1627 | $w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb; |
1262 | |
1628 | |
1263 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1629 | bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle" |
1264 | } |
1630 | } |
1265 | |
1631 | |
1266 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
1632 | sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY { |
… | |
… | |
1271 | |
1637 | |
1272 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1638 | our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::; |
1273 | |
1639 | |
1274 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1640 | package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base; |
1275 | |
1641 | |
1276 | use overload |
1642 | #use overload |
1277 | '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1643 | # '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }, |
1278 | fallback => 1; |
1644 | # fallback => 1; |
|
|
1645 | |
|
|
1646 | # save 300+ kilobytes by dirtily hardcoding overloading |
|
|
1647 | ${"AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::OVERLOAD"}{dummy}++; # Register with magic by touching. |
|
|
1648 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = sub { }; # "Make it findable via fetchmethod." |
|
|
1649 | *{'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::(&{}'} = sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } }; # &{} |
|
|
1650 | ${'AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::()'} = 1; # fallback |
|
|
1651 | |
|
|
1652 | our $WAITING; |
1279 | |
1653 | |
1280 | sub _send { |
1654 | sub _send { |
1281 | # nop |
1655 | # nop |
1282 | } |
1656 | } |
1283 | |
1657 | |
… | |
… | |
1296 | sub ready { |
1670 | sub ready { |
1297 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1671 | $_[0]{_ae_sent} |
1298 | } |
1672 | } |
1299 | |
1673 | |
1300 | sub _wait { |
1674 | sub _wait { |
|
|
1675 | $WAITING |
|
|
1676 | and !$_[0]{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1677 | and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected"; |
|
|
1678 | |
|
|
1679 | local $WAITING = 1; |
1301 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1680 | AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent}; |
1302 | } |
1681 | } |
1303 | |
1682 | |
1304 | sub recv { |
1683 | sub recv { |
1305 | $_[0]->_wait; |
1684 | $_[0]->_wait; |
… | |
… | |
1307 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1686 | Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak}; |
1308 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1687 | wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0] |
1309 | } |
1688 | } |
1310 | |
1689 | |
1311 | sub cb { |
1690 | sub cb { |
1312 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1691 | my $cv = shift; |
|
|
1692 | |
|
|
1693 | @_ |
|
|
1694 | and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift |
|
|
1695 | and $cv->{_ae_sent} |
|
|
1696 | and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv); |
|
|
1697 | |
1313 | $_[0]{_ae_cb} |
1698 | $cv->{_ae_cb} |
1314 | } |
1699 | } |
1315 | |
1700 | |
1316 | sub begin { |
1701 | sub begin { |
1317 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1702 | ++$_[0]{_ae_counter}; |
1318 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
1703 | $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
… | |
… | |
1346 | so on. |
1731 | so on. |
1347 | |
1732 | |
1348 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1733 | =head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
1349 | |
1734 | |
1350 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1735 | The following environment variables are used by this module or its |
1351 | submodules: |
1736 | submodules. |
|
|
1737 | |
|
|
1738 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
1739 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
1740 | enabled. |
1352 | |
1741 | |
1353 | =over 4 |
1742 | =over 4 |
1354 | |
1743 | |
1355 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1744 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> |
1356 | |
1745 | |
… | |
… | |
1363 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1752 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>. |
1364 | |
1753 | |
1365 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1754 | When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event |
1366 | model it chooses. |
1755 | model it chooses. |
1367 | |
1756 | |
|
|
1757 | When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on |
|
|
1758 | which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features. |
|
|
1759 | |
1368 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1760 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT> |
1369 | |
1761 | |
1370 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1762 | AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough |
1371 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1763 | argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value |
1372 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1764 | will cause AnyEvent to load C<AnyEvent::Strict> and then to thoroughly |
1373 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems |
1765 | check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems, |
1374 | it will croak. |
1766 | it will croak. |
1375 | |
1767 | |
1376 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1768 | In other words, enables "strict" mode. |
1377 | |
1769 | |
1378 | Unlike C<use strict>, it is definitely recommended ot keep it off in |
1770 | Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense> |
1379 | production. Keeping C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while |
1771 | >>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping |
1380 | developing programs can be very useful, however. |
1772 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs |
|
|
1773 | can be very useful, however. |
1381 | |
1774 | |
1382 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1775 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL> |
1383 | |
1776 | |
1384 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1777 | This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before |
1385 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
1778 | auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting |
… | |
… | |
1428 | |
1821 | |
1429 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1822 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS> |
1430 | |
1823 | |
1431 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1824 | The maximum number of child processes that C<AnyEvent::Util::fork_call> |
1432 | will create in parallel. |
1825 | will create in parallel. |
|
|
1826 | |
|
|
1827 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_OUTSTANDING_DNS> |
|
|
1828 | |
|
|
1829 | The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS |
|
|
1830 | resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are |
|
|
1831 | sent to the DNS server. |
|
|
1832 | |
|
|
1833 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF> |
|
|
1834 | |
|
|
1835 | The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific |
|
|
1836 | configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no |
|
|
1837 | default config will be used. |
|
|
1838 | |
|
|
1839 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>. |
|
|
1840 | |
|
|
1841 | When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during |
|
|
1842 | L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment |
|
|
1843 | variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations |
|
|
1844 | instead of a system-dependent default. |
|
|
1845 | |
|
|
1846 | =item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT> |
|
|
1847 | |
|
|
1848 | When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not |
|
|
1849 | loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself. |
1433 | |
1850 | |
1434 | =back |
1851 | =back |
1435 | |
1852 | |
1436 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1853 | =head1 SUPPLYING YOUR OWN EVENT MODEL INTERFACE |
1437 | |
1854 | |
… | |
… | |
1495 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
1912 | warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read |
1496 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
1913 | $cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i |
1497 | }, |
1914 | }, |
1498 | ); |
1915 | ); |
1499 | |
1916 | |
1500 | my $time_watcher; # can only be used once |
|
|
1501 | |
|
|
1502 | sub new_timer { |
|
|
1503 | $timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub { |
1917 | my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub { |
1504 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second |
1918 | warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second |
1505 | &new_timer; # and restart the time |
|
|
1506 | }); |
1919 | }); |
1507 | } |
|
|
1508 | |
|
|
1509 | new_timer; # create first timer |
|
|
1510 | |
1920 | |
1511 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
1921 | $cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i |
1512 | |
1922 | |
1513 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
1923 | =head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE |
1514 | |
1924 | |
… | |
… | |
1645 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
2055 | through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero |
1646 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
2056 | timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable, |
1647 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
2057 | which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again. |
1648 | |
2058 | |
1649 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
2059 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent |
1650 | distribution. |
2060 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2061 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
1651 | |
2062 | |
1652 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2063 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1653 | |
2064 | |
1654 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
2065 | I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since |
1655 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
2066 | different event models feature vastly different performances, each event |
… | |
… | |
1676 | watcher. |
2087 | watcher. |
1677 | |
2088 | |
1678 | =head3 Results |
2089 | =head3 Results |
1679 | |
2090 | |
1680 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
2091 | name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment |
1681 | EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface |
2092 | EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface |
1682 | EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
2093 | EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers |
1683 | CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
2094 | Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal |
1684 | Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation |
2095 | Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation |
1685 | Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface |
2096 | Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface |
1686 | Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
2097 | Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers |
|
|
2098 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll |
|
|
2099 | IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll |
1687 | Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour |
2100 | Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour |
1688 | Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
2101 | Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers |
1689 | POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event |
2102 | POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event |
1690 | POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select |
2103 | POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select |
1691 | |
2104 | |
1692 | =head3 Discussion |
2105 | =head3 Discussion |
1693 | |
2106 | |
1694 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
2107 | The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very |
1695 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
2108 | well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one) |
… | |
… | |
1707 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
2120 | benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with |
1708 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
2121 | EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU |
1709 | cycles with POE. |
2122 | cycles with POE. |
1710 | |
2123 | |
1711 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
2124 | C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both |
1712 | maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses |
2125 | maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero |
|
|
2126 | overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times |
|
|
2127 | slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than |
1713 | far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event |
2128 | any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively). |
1714 | natively. |
|
|
1715 | |
2129 | |
1716 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
2130 | The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the |
1717 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
2131 | constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl |
1718 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
2132 | interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it |
1719 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
2133 | adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its |
1720 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
2134 | performance becomes really bad with lots of file descriptors (and few of |
1721 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
2135 | them active), of course, but this was not subject of this benchmark. |
1722 | |
2136 | |
1723 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
2137 | The C<Event> module has a relatively high setup and callback invocation |
1724 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
2138 | cost, but overall scores in on the third place. |
|
|
2139 | |
|
|
2140 | C<IO::Async> performs admirably well, about on par with C<Event>, even |
|
|
2141 | when using its pure perl backend. |
1725 | |
2142 | |
1726 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
2143 | C<Glib>'s memory usage is quite a bit higher, but it features a |
1727 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
2144 | faster callback invocation and overall ends up in the same class as |
1728 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
2145 | C<Event>. However, Glib scales extremely badly, doubling the number of |
1729 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
2146 | watchers increases the processing time by more than a factor of four, |
… | |
… | |
1790 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
2207 | In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100 |
1791 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
2208 | (1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many |
1792 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
2209 | connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time. |
1793 | |
2210 | |
1794 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
2211 | Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent |
1795 | distribution. |
2212 | distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference |
|
|
2213 | for the EV and Perl backends only. |
1796 | |
2214 | |
1797 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
2215 | =head3 Explanation of the columns |
1798 | |
2216 | |
1799 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
2217 | I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as |
1800 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
2218 | each server has a read and write socket end). |
… | |
… | |
1807 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
2225 | it to another server. This includes deleting the old timeout and creating |
1808 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
2226 | a new one that moves the timeout into the future. |
1809 | |
2227 | |
1810 | =head3 Results |
2228 | =head3 Results |
1811 | |
2229 | |
1812 | name sockets create request |
2230 | name sockets create request |
1813 | EV 20000 69.01 11.16 |
2231 | EV 20000 62.66 7.99 |
1814 | Perl 20000 73.32 35.87 |
2232 | Perl 20000 68.32 32.64 |
1815 | Event 20000 212.62 257.32 |
2233 | IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll |
1816 | Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30 |
2234 | IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll |
|
|
2235 | Event 20000 202.69 242.91 |
|
|
2236 | Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52 |
1817 | POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event |
2237 | POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event |
1818 | |
2238 | |
1819 | =head3 Discussion |
2239 | =head3 Discussion |
1820 | |
2240 | |
1821 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
2241 | This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the |
1822 | particular event loop. |
2242 | particular event loop. |
… | |
… | |
1824 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
2244 | EV is again fastest. Since it is using epoll on my system, the setup time |
1825 | is relatively high, though. |
2245 | is relatively high, though. |
1826 | |
2246 | |
1827 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
2247 | Perl surprisingly comes second. It is much faster than the C-based event |
1828 | loops Event and Glib. |
2248 | loops Event and Glib. |
|
|
2249 | |
|
|
2250 | IO::Async performs very well when using its epoll backend, and still quite |
|
|
2251 | good compared to Glib when using its pure perl backend. |
1829 | |
2252 | |
1830 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
2253 | Event suffers from high setup time as well (look at its code and you will |
1831 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
2254 | understand why). Callback invocation also has a high overhead compared to |
1832 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
2255 | the C<< $_->() for .. >>-style loop that the Perl event loop uses. Event |
1833 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
2256 | uses select or poll in basically all documented configurations. |
… | |
… | |
1896 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
2319 | =item * C-based event loops perform very well with small number of |
1897 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
2320 | watchers, as the management overhead dominates. |
1898 | |
2321 | |
1899 | =back |
2322 | =back |
1900 | |
2323 | |
|
|
2324 | =head2 THE IO::Lambda BENCHMARK |
|
|
2325 | |
|
|
2326 | Recently I was told about the benchmark in the IO::Lambda manpage, which |
|
|
2327 | could be misinterpreted to make AnyEvent look bad. In fact, the benchmark |
|
|
2328 | simply compares IO::Lambda with POE, and IO::Lambda looks better (which |
|
|
2329 | shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody). As such, the benchmark is |
|
|
2330 | fine, and mostly shows that the AnyEvent backend from IO::Lambda isn't |
|
|
2331 | very optimal. But how would AnyEvent compare when used without the extra |
|
|
2332 | baggage? To explore this, I wrote the equivalent benchmark for AnyEvent. |
|
|
2333 | |
|
|
2334 | The benchmark itself creates an echo-server, and then, for 500 times, |
|
|
2335 | connects to the echo server, sends a line, waits for the reply, and then |
|
|
2336 | creates the next connection. This is a rather bad benchmark, as it doesn't |
|
|
2337 | test the efficiency of the framework or much non-blocking I/O, but it is a |
|
|
2338 | benchmark nevertheless. |
|
|
2339 | |
|
|
2340 | name runtime |
|
|
2341 | Lambda/select 0.330 sec |
|
|
2342 | + optimized 0.122 sec |
|
|
2343 | Lambda/AnyEvent 0.327 sec |
|
|
2344 | + optimized 0.138 sec |
|
|
2345 | Raw sockets/select 0.077 sec |
|
|
2346 | POE/select, components 0.662 sec |
|
|
2347 | POE/select, raw sockets 0.226 sec |
|
|
2348 | POE/select, optimized 0.404 sec |
|
|
2349 | |
|
|
2350 | AnyEvent/select/nb 0.085 sec |
|
|
2351 | AnyEvent/EV/nb 0.068 sec |
|
|
2352 | +state machine 0.134 sec |
|
|
2353 | |
|
|
2354 | The benchmark is also a bit unfair (my fault): the IO::Lambda/POE |
|
|
2355 | benchmarks actually make blocking connects and use 100% blocking I/O, |
|
|
2356 | defeating the purpose of an event-based solution. All of the newly |
|
|
2357 | written AnyEvent benchmarks use 100% non-blocking connects (using |
|
|
2358 | AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect and the asynchronous pure perl DNS |
|
|
2359 | resolver), so AnyEvent is at a disadvantage here, as non-blocking connects |
|
|
2360 | generally require a lot more bookkeeping and event handling than blocking |
|
|
2361 | connects (which involve a single syscall only). |
|
|
2362 | |
|
|
2363 | The last AnyEvent benchmark additionally uses L<AnyEvent::Handle>, which |
|
|
2364 | offers similar expressive power as POE and IO::Lambda, using conventional |
|
|
2365 | Perl syntax. This means that both the echo server and the client are 100% |
|
|
2366 | non-blocking, further placing it at a disadvantage. |
|
|
2367 | |
|
|
2368 | As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the |
|
|
2369 | hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl |
|
|
2370 | backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE. |
|
|
2371 | |
|
|
2372 | And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and |
|
|
2373 | slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda |
|
|
2374 | higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though |
|
|
2375 | it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way. |
|
|
2376 | |
|
|
2377 | The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and |
|
|
2378 | F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are |
|
|
2379 | part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes. |
|
|
2380 | |
1901 | |
2381 | |
1902 | =head1 SIGNALS |
2382 | =head1 SIGNALS |
1903 | |
2383 | |
1904 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
2384 | AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals: |
1905 | |
2385 | |
… | |
… | |
1908 | =item SIGCHLD |
2388 | =item SIGCHLD |
1909 | |
2389 | |
1910 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
2390 | A handler for C<SIGCHLD> is installed by AnyEvent's child watcher |
1911 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
2391 | emulation for event loops that do not support them natively. Also, some |
1912 | event loops install a similar handler. |
2392 | event loops install a similar handler. |
|
|
2393 | |
|
|
2394 | Additionally, when AnyEvent is loaded and SIGCHLD is set to IGNORE, then |
|
|
2395 | AnyEvent will reset it to default, to avoid losing child exit statuses. |
1913 | |
2396 | |
1914 | =item SIGPIPE |
2397 | =item SIGPIPE |
1915 | |
2398 | |
1916 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
2399 | A no-op handler is installed for C<SIGPIPE> when C<$SIG{PIPE}> is C<undef> |
1917 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
2400 | when AnyEvent gets loaded. |
… | |
… | |
1929 | |
2412 | |
1930 | =back |
2413 | =back |
1931 | |
2414 | |
1932 | =cut |
2415 | =cut |
1933 | |
2416 | |
|
|
2417 | undef $SIG{CHLD} |
|
|
2418 | if $SIG{CHLD} eq 'IGNORE'; |
|
|
2419 | |
1934 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
2420 | $SIG{PIPE} = sub { } |
1935 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
2421 | unless defined $SIG{PIPE}; |
|
|
2422 | |
|
|
2423 | =head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES |
|
|
2424 | |
|
|
2425 | One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and |
|
|
2426 | it's built-in modules) are required to use it. |
|
|
2427 | |
|
|
2428 | That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional |
|
|
2429 | modules if they are installed. |
|
|
2430 | |
|
|
2431 | This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they |
|
|
2432 | affect AnyEvent's operetion. |
|
|
2433 | |
|
|
2434 | =over 4 |
|
|
2435 | |
|
|
2436 | =item L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2437 | |
|
|
2438 | This slightly arcane module is used to implement fast signal handling: To |
|
|
2439 | my knowledge, there is no way to do completely race-free and quick |
|
|
2440 | signal handling in pure perl. To ensure that signals still get |
|
|
2441 | delivered, AnyEvent will start an interval timer to wake up perl (and |
|
|
2442 | catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for |
|
|
2443 | C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). |
|
|
2444 | |
|
|
2445 | If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal |
|
|
2446 | catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop |
|
|
2447 | will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for |
|
|
2448 | battery life on laptops). |
|
|
2449 | |
|
|
2450 | This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops |
|
|
2451 | that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt). |
|
|
2452 | |
|
|
2453 | Some event loops (POE, Event, Event::Lib) offer signal watchers natively, |
|
|
2454 | and either employ their own workarounds (POE) or use AnyEvent's workaround |
|
|
2455 | (using C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>). Installing L<Async::Interrupt> |
|
|
2456 | does nothing for those backends. |
|
|
2457 | |
|
|
2458 | =item L<EV> |
|
|
2459 | |
|
|
2460 | This module isn't really "optional", as it is simply one of the backend |
|
|
2461 | event loops that AnyEvent can use. However, it is simply the best event |
|
|
2462 | loop available in terms of features, speed and stability: It supports |
|
|
2463 | the AnyEvent API optimally, implements all the watcher types in XS, does |
|
|
2464 | automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available, |
|
|
2465 | can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and |
|
|
2466 | C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed |
|
|
2467 | L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>). |
|
|
2468 | |
|
|
2469 | =item L<Guard> |
|
|
2470 | |
|
|
2471 | The guard module, when used, will be used to implement |
|
|
2472 | C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a |
|
|
2473 | lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is |
|
|
2474 | purely used for performance. |
|
|
2475 | |
|
|
2476 | =item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS> |
|
|
2477 | |
|
|
2478 | One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data |
|
|
2479 | via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take |
|
|
2480 | advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed. |
|
|
2481 | |
|
|
2482 | In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is |
|
|
2483 | installed. |
|
|
2484 | |
|
|
2485 | =item L<Net::SSLeay> |
|
|
2486 | |
|
|
2487 | Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very |
|
|
2488 | worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with |
|
|
2489 | the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL. |
|
|
2490 | |
|
|
2491 | =item L<Time::HiRes> |
|
|
2492 | |
|
|
2493 | This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the |
|
|
2494 | chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The |
|
|
2495 | pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to |
|
|
2496 | try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability. |
|
|
2497 | |
|
|
2498 | =back |
1936 | |
2499 | |
1937 | |
2500 | |
1938 | =head1 FORK |
2501 | =head1 FORK |
1939 | |
2502 | |
1940 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
2503 | Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are |
1941 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
2504 | because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> |
1942 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
2505 | calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware. |
1943 | |
2506 | |
1944 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
2507 | If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first |
1945 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child. |
2508 | watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do |
|
|
2509 | something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent. |
1946 | |
2510 | |
1947 | |
2511 | |
1948 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
2512 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
1949 | |
2513 | |
1950 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
2514 | AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via |
… | |
… | |
1962 | use AnyEvent; |
2526 | use AnyEvent; |
1963 | |
2527 | |
1964 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
2528 | Similar considerations apply to $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}, as that can |
1965 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
2529 | be used to probe what backend is used and gain other information (which is |
1966 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
2530 | probably even less useful to an attacker than PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL), and |
1967 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEGENT_STRICT}. |
2531 | $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}. |
|
|
2532 | |
|
|
2533 | Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with |
|
|
2534 | C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is |
|
|
2535 | enabled. |
1968 | |
2536 | |
1969 | |
2537 | |
1970 | =head1 BUGS |
2538 | =head1 BUGS |
1971 | |
2539 | |
1972 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
2540 | Perl 5.8 has numerous memleaks that sometimes hit this module and are hard |
… | |
… | |
1984 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
2552 | L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. |
1985 | |
2553 | |
1986 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
2554 | Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>, |
1987 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
2555 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, |
1988 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
2556 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>, |
1989 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>. |
2557 | L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>. |
1990 | |
2558 | |
1991 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
2559 | Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and |
1992 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>. |
2560 | servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>. |
1993 | |
2561 | |
1994 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2562 | Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
1995 | |
2563 | |
1996 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>, |
2564 | Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, |
|
|
2565 | L<Coro::Event>, |
1997 | |
2566 | |
1998 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<Net::FCP>, L<Net::XMPP2>, L<AnyEvent::DNS>. |
2567 | Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, |
|
|
2568 | L<AnyEvent::HTTP>. |
1999 | |
2569 | |
2000 | |
2570 | |
2001 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2571 | =head1 AUTHOR |
2002 | |
2572 | |
2003 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
2573 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |