[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm

Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.250 by root, Mon Jul 20 07:12:38 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - events independent of event loop implementation	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Qt and POE are various supported	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt
6	event loops.	6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
		12	# if you prefer function calls, look at the L<AE> manpage for
		13	# an alternative API.
		14
12	# file descriptor readable	15	# file handle or descriptor readable
13	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });	16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
14		17
15	# one-shot or repeating timers	18	# one-shot or repeating timers
16	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });	19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
17	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...	20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...
47		50
48	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC	51	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
49	channel, too.	52	channel, too.
50		53
51	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software	54	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
52	Respository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.	55	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
53		56
54	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)	57	=head1 WHY YOU SHOULD USE THIS MODULE (OR NOT)
55		58
56	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen	59	Glib, POE, IO::Async, Event... CPAN offers event models by the dozen
57	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?	60	nowadays. So what is different about AnyEvent?
…		…
181	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are	184	my variables are only visible after the statement in which they are
182	declared.	185	declared.
183		186
184	=head2 I/O WATCHERS	187	=head2 I/O WATCHERS
185		188
		189	$w = AnyEvent->io (
		190	fh => <filehandle_or_fileno>,
		191	poll => <"r" or "w">,
		192	cb => <callback>,
		193	);
		194
186	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method	195	You can create an I/O watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->io >> method
187	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:	196	with the following mandatory key-value pairs as arguments:
188		197
189	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch	198	C<fh> is the Perl I<file handle> (or a naked file descriptor) to watch
190	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file	199	for events (AnyEvent might or might not keep a reference to this file
…		…
219	undef $w;	228	undef $w;
220	});	229	});
221		230
222	=head2 TIME WATCHERS	231	=head2 TIME WATCHERS
223		232
		233	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => <seconds>, cb => <callback>);
		234
		235	$w = AnyEvent->timer (
		236	after => <fractional_seconds>,
		237	interval => <fractional_seconds>,
		238	cb => <callback>,
		239	);
		240
224	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>	241	You can create a time watcher by calling the C<< AnyEvent->timer >>
225	method with the following mandatory arguments:	242	method with the following mandatory arguments:
226		243
227	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are	244	C<after> specifies after how many seconds (fractional values are
228	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke	245	supported) the callback should be invoked. C<cb> is the callback to invoke
…		…
349	might affect timers and time-outs.	366	might affect timers and time-outs.
350		367
351	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the	368	When this is the case, you can call this method, which will update the
352	event loop's idea of "current time".	369	event loop's idea of "current time".
353		370
		371	A typical example would be a script in a web server (e.g. C<mod_perl>) -
		372	when mod_perl executes the script, then the event loop will have the wrong
		373	idea about the "current time" (being potentially far in the past, when the
		374	script ran the last time). In that case you should arrange a call to C<<
		375	AnyEvent->now_update >> each time the web server process wakes up again
		376	(e.g. at the start of your script, or in a handler).
		377
354	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.	378	Note that updating the time I<might> cause some events to be handled.
355		379
356	=back	380	=back
357		381
358	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS	382	=head2 SIGNAL WATCHERS
		383
		384	$w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => <uppercase_signal_name>, cb => <callback>);
359		385
360	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal	386	You can watch for signals using a signal watcher, C<signal> is the signal
361	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl	387	I<name> in uppercase and without any C<SIG> prefix, C<cb> is the Perl
362	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.	388	callback to be invoked whenever a signal occurs.
363		389
…		…
380		406
381	Example: exit on SIGINT	407	Example: exit on SIGINT
382		408
383	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });	409	my $w = AnyEvent->signal (signal => "INT", cb => sub { exit 1 });
384		410
		411	=head3 Restart Behaviour
		412
		413	While restart behaviour is up to the event loop implementation, most will
		414	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
		415	pure perl implementation).
		416
		417	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
		418
		419	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or
		420	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the
		421	latter might corrupt your memory.
		422
		423	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
		424	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
		425	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
		426	callbacks, too).
		427
385	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	428	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
386		429
387	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	430	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching
388	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot do	431	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot
389	race-free signal handling in perl. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, but	432	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for
		433	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,
390	in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might	434	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is
391	be delayed is specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10	435	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This
392	seconds). This variable can be changed only before the first signal	436	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,
393	watcher is created, and should be left alone otherwise. Higher values	437	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often
		438	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values
394	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU	439	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
		440	saving.
		441
395	saving. All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	442	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
396	L<Async::Interrupt> module. This will not work with inherently broken	443	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
397	event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib> (and not with L<POE>	444	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
398	currently, as POE does it's own workaround with one-second latency). With	445	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with
399	those, you just have to suffer the delays.	446	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.
400		447
401	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	448	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
402		449
		450	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
		451
403	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	452	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.
404		453
405	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (if set to C<0>, it	454	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,
406	watches for any child process exit). The watcher will triggered only when	455	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
407	the child process has finished and an exit status is available, not on	456	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
408	any trace events (stopped/continued).	457	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
		458	(stopped/continued).
409		459
410	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by	460	The callback will be called with the pid and exit status (as returned by
411	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher	461	waitpid), so unlike other watcher types, you I<can> rely on child watcher
412	callback arguments.	462	callback arguments.
413		463
…		…
454	# do something else, then wait for process exit	504	# do something else, then wait for process exit
455	$done->recv;	505	$done->recv;
456		506
457	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	507	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
458		508
459	Sometimes there is a need to do something, but it is not so important	509	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
460	to do it instantly, but only when there is nothing better to do. This
461	"nothing better to do" is usually defined to be "no other events need
462	attention by the event loop".
463		510
464	Idle watchers ideally get invoked when the event loop has nothing	511	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until
465	better to do, just before it would block the process to wait for new	512	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
466	events. Instead of blocking, the idle watcher is invoked.
467		513
468	Most event loops unfortunately do not really support idle watchers (only	514	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
		515	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
		516	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
		517	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
		518	have been detected". That means that idle watchers ideally get invoked
		519	when the event loop has just polled for new events but none have been
		520	detected. Instead of blocking to wait for more events, the idle watchers
		521	will be invoked.
		522
		523	Unfortunately, most event loops do not really support idle watchers (only
469	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent	524	EV, Event and Glib do it in a usable fashion) - for the rest, AnyEvent
470	will simply call the callback "from time to time".	525	will simply call the callback "from time to time".
471		526
472	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the	527	Example: read lines from STDIN, but only process them when the
473	program is otherwise idle:	528	program is otherwise idle:
…		…
489	});	544	});
490	});	545	});
491		546
492	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES	547	=head2 CONDITION VARIABLES
493		548
		549	$cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
		550
		551	$cv->send (<list>);
		552	my @res = $cv->recv;
		553
494	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them	554	If you are familiar with some event loops you will know that all of them
495	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that	555	require you to run some blocking "loop", "run" or similar function that
496	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.	556	will actively watch for new events and call your callbacks.
497		557
498	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event	558	AnyEvent is slightly different: it expects somebody else to run the event
…		…
549	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits	609	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
550	for the send to occur.	610	for the send to occur.
551		611
552	Example: wait for a timer.	612	Example: wait for a timer.
553		613
554	# wait till the result is ready	614	# condition: "wait till the timer is fired"
555	my $result_ready = AnyEvent->condvar;	615	my $timer_fired = AnyEvent->condvar;
556		616
557	# do something such as adding a timer	617	# create the timer - we could wait for, say
558	# or socket watcher the calls $result_ready->send	618	# a handle becomign ready, or even an
559	# when the "result" is ready.	619	# AnyEvent::HTTP request to finish, but
560	# in this case, we simply use a timer:	620	# in this case, we simply use a timer:
561	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (	621	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (
562	after => 1,	622	after => 1,
563	cb => sub { $result_ready->send },	623	cb => sub { $timer_fired->send },
564	);	624	);
565		625
566	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback	626	# this "blocks" (while handling events) till the callback
567	# calls -<send	627	# calls ->send
568	$result_ready->recv;	628	$timer_fired->recv;
569		629
570	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition	630	Example: wait for a timer, but take advantage of the fact that condition
571	variables are also callable directly.	631	variables are also callable directly.
572		632
573	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	633	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
…		…
636	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want	696	one. For example, a function that pings many hosts in parallel might want
637	to use a condition variable for the whole process.	697	to use a condition variable for the whole process.
638		698
639	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to	699	Every call to C<< ->begin >> will increment a counter, and every call to
640	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end	700	C<< ->end >> will decrement it. If the counter reaches C<0> in C<< ->end
641	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed. That callback	701	>>, the (last) callback passed to C<begin> will be executed, passing the
642	is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send >>, but that is not required. If no	702	condvar as first argument. That callback is I<supposed> to call C<< ->send
643	callback was set, C<send> will be called without any arguments.	703	>>, but that is not required. If no group callback was set, C<send> will
		704	be called without any arguments.
644		705
645	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call	706	You can think of C<< $cv->send >> giving you an OR condition (one call
646	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND	707	sends), while C<< $cv->begin >> and C<< $cv->end >> giving you an AND
647	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).	708	condition (all C<begin> calls must be C<end>'ed before the condvar sends).
648		709
…		…
675	begung can potentially be zero:	736	begung can potentially be zero:
676		737
677	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	738	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
678		739
679	my %result;	740	my %result;
680	$cv->begin (sub { $cv->send (\%result) });	741	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
681		742
682	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {	743	for my $host (@list_of_hosts) {
683	$cv->begin;	744	$cv->begin;
684	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {	745	ping_host_then_call_callback $host, sub {
685	$result{$host} = ...;	746	$result{$host} = ...;
…		…
760	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	821	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
761		822
762	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	823	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
763	replaces it before doing so.	824	replaces it before doing so.
764		825
765	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when	826	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)
766	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the condition	827	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with
767	variable itself. Calling C<recv> inside the callback or at any later time	828	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>
768	is guaranteed not to block.	829	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
769		830
770	=back	831	=back
771		832
772	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	833	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
773		834
…		…
776	=over 4	837	=over 4
777		838
778	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.	839	=item Backends that are autoprobed when no other event loop can be found.
779		840
780	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in	841	EV is the preferred backend when no other event loop seems to be in
781	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will try Event, and, failing	842	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
782	that, will fall back to its own pure-perl implementation, which is	843	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
783	available everywhere as it comes with AnyEvent itself.	844	AnyEvent itself.
784		845
785	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	846	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
786	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
787	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	847	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.
788		848
789	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	849	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
790		850
791	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	851	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher
792	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	852	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
793	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	853	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
794	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	854	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
795	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	855	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
796		856
		857	AnyEvent::Impl::Event based on Event, very stable, few glitches.
797	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	858	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
798	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	859	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
799	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	860	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
800	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	861	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
		862	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
801		863
802	=item Backends with special needs.	864	=item Backends with special needs.
803		865
804	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	866	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
805	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	867	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
…		…
879	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates	941	event module detection too early, for example, L<AnyEvent::AIO> creates
880	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to	942	and installs the global L<IO::AIO> watcher in a C<post_detect> block to
881	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.	943	avoid autodetecting the event module at load time.
882		944
883	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object	945	If called in scalar or list context, then it creates and returns an object
884	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed. See	946	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
		947	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
885	L<Coro::BDB> for a case where this is useful.	948	a case where this is useful.
		949
		950	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
		951	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.
		952
		953	our WATCHER;
		954
		955	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
		956	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		957	};
		958
		959	# the \|\|= is important in case post_detect immediately runs the block,
		960	# as to not clobber the newly-created watcher. assigning both watcher and
		961	# post_detect guard to the same variable has the advantage of users being
		962	# able to just C<undef $WATCHER> if the watcher causes them grief.
		963
		964	$WATCHER \|\|= $guard;
886		965
887	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	966	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
888		967
889	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	968	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
890	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	969	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after
…		…
893	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	972	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
894	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	973	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
895	array will be ignored.	974	array will be ignored.
896		975
897	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows	976	Best use C<AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }> when your application allows
898	it,as it takes care of these details.	977	it, as it takes care of these details.
899		978
900	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful	979	This variable is mainly useful for modules that can do something useful
901	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do	980	when AnyEvent is used and thus want to know when it is initialised, but do
902	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook	981	not need to even load it by default. This array provides the means to hook
903	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.	982	into AnyEvent passively, without loading it.
		983
		984	Example: To load Coro::AnyEvent whenever Coro and AnyEvent are used
		985	together, you could put this into Coro (this is the actual code used by
		986	Coro to accomplish this):
		987
		988	if (defined $AnyEvent::MODEL) {
		989	# AnyEvent already initialised, so load Coro::AnyEvent
		990	require Coro::AnyEvent;
		991	} else {
		992	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
		993	# as soon as it is
		994	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
		995	}
904		996
905	=back	997	=back
906		998
907	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	999	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
908		1000
…		…
1057		1149
1058	package AnyEvent;	1150	package AnyEvent;
1059		1151
1060	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1152	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1061	sub common_sense {	1153	sub common_sense {
1062	# no warnings	1154	# from common:.sense 1.0
1063	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS};	1155	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";
1064	# use strict vars subs	1156	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1065	$^H \|= 0x00000600;	1157	$^H \|= 0x00000600;
1066	}	1158	}
1067		1159
1068	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1160	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1069		1161
1070	use Carp ();	1162	use Carp ();
1071		1163
1072	our $VERSION = 4.85;	1164	our $VERSION = '5.26';
1073	our $MODEL;	1165	our $MODEL;
1074		1166
1075	our $AUTOLOAD;	1167	our $AUTOLOAD;
1076	our @ISA;	1168	our @ISA;
1077		1169
1078	our @REGISTRY;	1170	our @REGISTRY;
1079		1171
1080	our $WIN32;
1081
1082	our $VERBOSE;	1172	our $VERBOSE;
1083		1173
1084	BEGIN {	1174	BEGIN {
1085	eval "sub WIN32(){ " . (($^O =~ /mswin32/i)*1) ." }";	1175	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
		1176
1086	eval "sub TAINT(){ " . (${^TAINT}*1) . " }";	1177	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1087		1178
1088	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1179	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1089	if ${^TAINT};	1180	if ${^TAINT};
1090		1181
1091	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1182	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;
…		…
1102	for reverse split /\s,\s/,	1193	for reverse split /\s,\s/,
1103	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";	1194	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} \|\| "ipv4,ipv6";
1104	}	1195	}
1105		1196
1106	my @models = (	1197	my @models = (
1107	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],	1198	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],
1108	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::],
1109	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],	1199	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],
1110	# everything below here will not be autoprobed	1200	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1111	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1201	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere
1112	# and is usually faster	1202	# and is usually faster
		1203	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],
1113	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1204	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
1114	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1205	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
		1206	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1115	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1207	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1116	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1208	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1117	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1209	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1118	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1210	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1119	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1211	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1120	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1212	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its
1121	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1213	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.
1122	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1214	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any
1123	# obvious default class.	1215	# obvious default class.
1124	# [IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1216	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1125	# [IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1217	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1126	# [IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program	1218	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
		1219	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1127	);	1220	);
1128		1221
1129	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1222	our %method = map +($_ => 1),
1130	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1223	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);
1131		1224
1132	our @post_detect;	1225	our @post_detect;
1133		1226
1134	sub post_detect(&) {	1227	sub post_detect(&) {
1135	my ($cb) = @_;	1228	my ($cb) = @_;
1136		1229
1137	if ($MODEL) {
1138	$cb->();
1139
1140	1
1141	} else {
1142	push @post_detect, $cb;	1230	push @post_detect, $cb;
1143		1231
1144	defined wantarray	1232	defined wantarray
1145	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"	1233	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1146	: ()	1234	: ()
1147	}
1148	}	1235	}
1149		1236
1150	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {	1237	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1151	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;	1238	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1152	}	1239	}
1153		1240
1154	sub detect() {	1241	sub detect() {
		1242	# free some memory
		1243	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1244
		1245	local $!; # for good measure
		1246	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		1247
		1248	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {
		1249	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
		1250	if (eval "require $model") {
		1251	$MODEL = $model;
		1252	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
		1253	} else {
		1254	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;
		1255	}
		1256	}
		1257
		1258	# check for already loaded models
1155	unless ($MODEL) {	1259	unless ($MODEL) {
1156	local $SIG{__DIE__};	1260	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1157		1261	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1158	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1262	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1159	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";
1160	if (eval "require $model") {	1263	if (eval "require $model") {
1161	$MODEL = $model;	1264	$MODEL = $model;
1162	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1265	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1163	} else {	1266	last;
1164	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1267	}
1165	}	1268	}
1166	}	1269	}
1167		1270
1168	# check for already loaded models
1169	unless ($MODEL) {	1271	unless ($MODEL) {
		1272	# try to autoload a model
1170	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1273	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1171	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1274	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
		1275	if (
		1276	$autoload
		1277	and eval "require $package"
1172	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1278	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1173	if (eval "require $model") {	1279	and eval "require $model"
		1280	) {
1174	$MODEL = $model;	1281	$MODEL = $model;
1175	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1282	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1176	last;	1283	last;
1177	}
1178	}	1284	}
1179	}	1285	}
1180		1286
1181	unless ($MODEL) {
1182	# try to load a model
1183
1184	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1185	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1186	if (eval "require $package"
1187	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1188	and eval "require $model") {
1189	$MODEL = $model;
1190	warn "AnyEvent: autoprobed model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1191	last;
1192	}
1193	}
1194
1195	$MODEL	1287	$MODEL
1196	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1288	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";
1197	}
1198	}	1289	}
1199
1200	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1201
1202	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1203
1204	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
1205
1206	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
1207	}	1290	}
		1291
		1292	@models = (); # free probe data
		1293
		1294	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
		1295	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
		1296
		1297	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.
		1298	# SUPER is not allowed.
		1299	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
		1300	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
		1301	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
		1302	}
		1303
		1304	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};
		1305
		1306	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1307
		1308	*post_detect = sub(&) {
		1309	shift->();
		1310
		1311	undef
		1312	};
1208		1313
1209	$MODEL	1314	$MODEL
1210	}	1315	}
1211		1316
1212	sub AUTOLOAD {	1317	sub AUTOLOAD {
1213	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1318	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;
1214		1319
1215	$method{$func}	1320	$method{$func}
1216	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid method for AnyEvent objects";	1321	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1217		1322
1218	detect unless $MODEL;	1323	detect;
1219		1324
1220	my $class = shift;	1325	my $class = shift;
1221	$class->$func (@_);	1326	$class->$func (@_);
1222	}	1327	}
1223		1328
…		…
1236	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases	1341	# we assume CLOEXEC is already set by perl in all important cases
1237		1342
1238	($fh2, $rw)	1343	($fh2, $rw)
1239	}	1344	}
1240		1345
		1346	=head1 SIMPLIFIED AE API
		1347
		1348	Starting with version 5.0, AnyEvent officially supports a second, much
		1349	simpler, API that is designed to reduce the calling, typing and memory
		1350	overhead by using function call syntax and a fixed number of parameters.
		1351
		1352	See the L<AE> manpage for details.
		1353
		1354	=cut
		1355
		1356	package AE;
		1357
		1358	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		1359
		1360	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
		1361	# implementations can overwrite these.
		1362
		1363	sub io($$$) {
		1364	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
		1365	}
		1366
		1367	sub timer($$$) {
		1368	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
		1369	}
		1370
		1371	sub signal($$) {
		1372	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1373	}
		1374
		1375	sub child($$) {
		1376	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
		1377	}
		1378
		1379	sub idle($) {
		1380	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])
		1381	}
		1382
		1383	sub cv(;&) {
		1384	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
		1385	}
		1386
		1387	sub now() {
		1388	AnyEvent->now
		1389	}
		1390
		1391	sub now_update() {
		1392	AnyEvent->now_update
		1393	}
		1394
		1395	sub time() {
		1396	AnyEvent->time
		1397	}
		1398
1241	package AnyEvent::Base;	1399	package AnyEvent::Base;
1242		1400
1243	# default implementations for many methods	1401	# default implementations for many methods
1244		1402
1245	sub _time {	1403	sub time {
		1404	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1246	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1405	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1247	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1406	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1248	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1407	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1249	*_time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1408	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;
1250	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1409	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1251	} else {	1410	} else {
1252	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1411	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;
1253	*_time = sub { time }; # epic fail	1412	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
		1413	}
		1414
		1415	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1254	}	1416	};
		1417	die if $@;
1255		1418
1256	&_time	1419	&time
1257	}	1420	}
1258		1421
1259	sub time { _time }	1422	*now = \&time;
1260	sub now { _time }	1423
1261	sub now_update { }	1424	sub now_update { }
1262		1425
1263	# default implementation for ->condvar	1426	# default implementation for ->condvar
1264		1427
1265	sub condvar {	1428	sub condvar {
		1429	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1430	*condvar = sub {
1266	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1431	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1432	};
		1433
		1434	*AE::cv = sub (;&) {
		1435	bless { @_ ? (_ae_cb => shift) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
		1436	};
		1437	};
		1438	die if $@;
		1439
		1440	&condvar
1267	}	1441	}
1268		1442
1269	# default implementation for ->signal	1443	# default implementation for ->signal
1270		1444
1271	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;	1445	our $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1446
		1447	sub _have_async_interrupt() {
		1448	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1*(!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT}
		1449	&& eval "use Async::Interrupt 1.02 (); 1")
		1450	unless defined $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT;
		1451
		1452	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1453	}
		1454
1272	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);	1455	our ($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W, %SIG_CB, %SIG_EV, $SIG_IO);
1273	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);	1456	our (%SIG_ASY, %SIG_ASY_W);
1274	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);	1457	our ($SIG_COUNT, $SIG_TW);
1275		1458
1276	sub _signal_exec {
1277	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1278	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
1279	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, my $dummy, 9;
1280
1281	while (%SIG_EV) {
1282	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1283	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1284	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
1285	}
1286	}
1287	}
1288
1289	# install a dumym wakeupw atcher to reduce signal catching latency	1459	# install a dummy wakeup watcher to reduce signal catching latency
		1460	# used by Impls
1290	sub _sig_add() {	1461	sub _sig_add() {
1291	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {	1462	unless ($SIG_COUNT++) {
1292	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible	1463	# try to align timer on a full-second boundary, if possible
1293	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	1464	my $NOW = AE::now;
1294		1465
1295	$SIG_TW = AnyEvent->timer (	1466	$SIG_TW = AE::timer
1296	after => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),	1467	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY - ($NOW - int $NOW),
1297	interval => $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,	1468	$MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY,
1298	cb => sub { }, # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK	1469	sub { } # just for the PERL_ASYNC_CHECK
1299	);	1470	;
1300	}	1471	}
1301	}	1472	}
1302		1473
1303	sub _sig_del {	1474	sub _sig_del {
1304	undef $SIG_TW	1475	undef $SIG_TW
1305	unless --$SIG_COUNT;	1476	unless --$SIG_COUNT;
1306	}	1477	}
1307		1478
		1479	our $_sig_name_init; $_sig_name_init = sub {
		1480	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1481	undef $_sig_name_init;
		1482
		1483	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1484	*sig2num = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2num;
		1485	*sig2name = \&Async::Interrupt::sig2name;
		1486	} else {
		1487	require Config;
		1488
		1489	my %signame2num;
		1490	@signame2num{ split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_name} }
		1491	= split ' ', $Config::Config{sig_num};
		1492
		1493	my @signum2name;
		1494	@signum2name[values %signame2num] = keys %signame2num;
		1495
		1496	*sig2num = sub($) {
		1497	$_[0] > 0 ? shift : $signame2num{+shift}
		1498	};
		1499	*sig2name = sub ($) {
		1500	$_[0] > 0 ? $signum2name[+shift] : shift
		1501	};
		1502	}
		1503	};
		1504	die if $@;
		1505	};
		1506
		1507	sub sig2num ($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2num }
		1508	sub sig2name($) { &$_sig_name_init; &sig2name }
		1509
1308	sub _signal {	1510	sub signal {
1309	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1511	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1512	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
		1513	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
		1514	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1310		1515
1311	my $signal = uc $arg{signal}	1516	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1312	or Carp::croak "required option 'signal' is missing";	1517	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1313		1518
1314	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1519	} else {
		1520	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1315		1521
1316	if ($HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT) {	1522	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1317	# async::interrupt	1523	require AnyEvent::Util;
1318		1524
1319	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= do {	1525	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1320	my $asy = new Async::Interrupt	1526	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R, 1) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1321	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },	1527	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W, 1) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1322	signal => $signal,	1528	} else {
1323	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],	1529	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
		1530	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
		1531	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFL, AnyEvent::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
		1532
		1533	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
		1534	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
		1535	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, AnyEvent::F_SETFD, AnyEvent::FD_CLOEXEC;
1324	;	1536	}
1325	$asy->pipe_autodrain (0);
1326		1537
1327	$asy	1538	$SIGPIPE_R
		1539	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
		1540
		1541	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R, 0, \&_signal_exec;
		1542	}
		1543
		1544	*signal = $HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1545	? sub {
		1546	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1547
		1548	# async::interrupt
		1549	my $signal = sig2num $arg{signal};
		1550	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1551
		1552	$SIG_ASY{$signal} \|\|= new Async::Interrupt
		1553	cb => sub { undef $SIG_EV{$signal} },
		1554	signal => $signal,
		1555	pipe => [$SIGPIPE_R->filenos],
		1556	pipe_autodrain => 0,
		1557	;
		1558
		1559	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1560	}
		1561	: sub {
		1562	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
		1563
		1564	# pure perl
		1565	my $signal = sig2name $arg{signal};
		1566	$SIG_CB{$signal}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
		1567
		1568	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {
		1569	local $!;
		1570	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;
		1571	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};
		1572	};
		1573
		1574	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
		1575	# so limit the signal latency.
		1576	_sig_add;
		1577
		1578	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
		1579	}
		1580	;
		1581
		1582	*AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY = sub {
		1583	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
		1584
		1585	_sig_del;
		1586
		1587	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
		1588
		1589	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1590	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
		1591	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
		1592	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
		1593	# instead of getting the default action.
		1594	undef $SIG{$signal}
		1595	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1328	};	1596	};
1329		1597
1330	} else {	1598	*_signal_exec = sub {
1331	# pure perl	1599	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
		1600	? $SIGPIPE_R->drain
		1601	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1332		1602
1333	$SIG{$signal} \|\|= sub {	1603	while (%SIG_EV) {
1334	local $!;	1604	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1335	syswrite $SIGPIPE_W, "\x00", 1 unless %SIG_EV;	1605	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1336	undef $SIG_EV{$signal};	1606	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} \|\| {} };
		1607	}
		1608	}
1337	};	1609	};
1338
1339	# can't do signal processing without introducing races in pure perl,
1340	# so limit the signal latency.
1341	_sig_add;
1342	}	1610	};
		1611	die if $@;
1343		1612
1344	bless [$signal, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::signal"
1345	}
1346
1347	sub signal {
1348	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1349	if (!$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT} && eval "use Async::Interrupt 0.6 (); 1") {
1350	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1351
1352	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT = 1;
1353	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1354	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1355
1356	} else {
1357	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;
1358
1359	require Fcntl;
1360
1361	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1362	require AnyEvent::Util;
1363
1364	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
1365	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_R) if $SIGPIPE_R;
1366	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking ($SIGPIPE_W) if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1367	} else {
1368	pipe $SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W;
1369	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_R;
1370	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFL, &Fcntl::O_NONBLOCK if $SIGPIPE_W; # just in case
1371
1372	# not strictly required, as $^F is normally 2, but let's make sure...
1373	fcntl $SIGPIPE_R, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1374	fcntl $SIGPIPE_W, &Fcntl::F_SETFD, &Fcntl::FD_CLOEXEC;
1375	}
1376
1377	$SIGPIPE_R
1378	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent: unable to create a signal reporting pipe: $!\n";
1379
1380	$SIG_IO = AnyEvent->io (fh => $SIGPIPE_R, poll => "r", cb => \&_signal_exec);
1381	}
1382
1383	*signal = \&_signal;
1384	&signal	1613	&signal
1385	}
1386
1387	sub AnyEvent::Base::signal::DESTROY {
1388	my ($signal, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1389
1390	_sig_del;
1391
1392	delete $SIG_CB{$signal}{$cb};
1393
1394	$HAVE_ASYNC_INTERRUPT
1395	? delete $SIG_ASY{$signal}
1396	: # delete doesn't work with older perls - they then
1397	# print weird messages, or just unconditionally exit
1398	# instead of getting the default action.
1399	undef $SIG{$signal}
1400	unless keys %{ $SIG_CB{$signal} };
1401	}	1614	}
1402		1615
1403	# default implementation for ->child	1616	# default implementation for ->child
1404		1617
1405	our %PID_CB;	1618	our %PID_CB;
1406	our $CHLD_W;	1619	our $CHLD_W;
1407	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1620	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1408	our $WNOHANG;	1621	our $WNOHANG;
1409		1622
1410	sub _sigchld {	1623	# used by many Impl's
1411	while (0 < (my $pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG)) {	1624	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1412	$_->($pid, $?)	1625	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
		1626
		1627	$_->($rpid, $rstatus)
1413	for values %{ $PID_CB{$pid} \|\| {} },	1628	for values %{ $PID_CB{$rpid} \|\| {} },
1414	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };	1629	values %{ $PID_CB{0} \|\| {} };
1415	}
1416	}	1630	}
1417		1631
1418	sub child {	1632	sub child {
		1633	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1634	*_sigchld = sub {
		1635	my $pid;
		1636
		1637	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
		1638	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;
		1639	};
		1640
		1641	*child = sub {
1419	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1642	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1420		1643
1421	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1644	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)
1422	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1645	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";
1423		1646
1424	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1647	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};
1425		1648
1426	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere	1649	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1427	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/	1650	$WNOHANG \|\|= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd\|netbsd\|linux\|freebsd\|cygwin\|MSWin32)$/
1428	? 1	1651	? 1
1429	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;	1652	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } \|\| 1;
1430		1653
1431	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1654	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1432	$CHLD_W = AnyEvent->signal (signal => 'CHLD', cb => \&_sigchld);	1655	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1433	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1656	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1434	&_sigchld;	1657	&_sigchld;
1435	}	1658	}
1436		1659
1437	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1660	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1438	}	1661	};
1439		1662
1440	sub AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY {	1663	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1441	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1664	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};
1442		1665
1443	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1666	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};
1444	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1667	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1445		1668
1446	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1669	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
		1670	};
		1671	};
		1672	die if $@;
		1673
		1674	&child
1447	}	1675	}
1448		1676
1449	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless	1677	# idle emulation is done by simply using a timer, regardless
1450	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting	1678	# of whether the process is idle or not, and not letting
1451	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.	1679	# the callback use more than 50% of the time.
1452	sub idle {	1680	sub idle {
		1681	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
		1682	*idle = sub {
1453	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1683	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1454		1684
1455	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1685	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1456		1686
1457	$rcb = sub {	1687	$rcb = sub {
1458	if ($cb) {	1688	if ($cb) {
1459	$w = _time;	1689	$w = _time;
1460	&$cb;	1690	&$cb;
1461	$w = _time - $w;	1691	$w = _time - $w;
1462		1692
1463	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1693	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1464	# within some limits	1694	# within some limits
1465	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1695	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1466	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1696	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
1467		1697
1468	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $w, cb => $rcb);	1698	$w = AE::timer $w, 0, $rcb;
1469	} else {	1699	} else {
1470	# clean up...	1700	# clean up...
1471	undef $w;	1701	undef $w;
1472	undef $rcb;	1702	undef $rcb;
		1703	}
		1704	};
		1705
		1706	$w = AE::timer 0.05, 0, $rcb;
		1707
		1708	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1473	}	1709	};
		1710
		1711	*AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY = sub {
		1712	undef $${$_[0]};
		1713	};
1474	};	1714	};
		1715	die if $@;
1475		1716
1476	$w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 0.05, cb => $rcb);	1717	&idle
1477
1478	bless \\$cb, "AnyEvent::Base::idle"
1479	}
1480
1481	sub AnyEvent::Base::idle::DESTROY {
1482	undef $${$_[0]};
1483	}	1718	}
1484		1719
1485	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1720	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1486		1721
1487	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1722	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
…		…
1535	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1770	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};
1536	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1771	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1537	}	1772	}
1538		1773
1539	sub cb {	1774	sub cb {
1540	$_[0]{_ae_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1775	my $cv = shift;
		1776
		1777	@_
		1778	and $cv->{_ae_cb} = shift
		1779	and $cv->{_ae_sent}
		1780	and (delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv);
		1781
1541	$_[0]{_ae_cb}	1782	$cv->{_ae_cb}
1542	}	1783	}
1543		1784
1544	sub begin {	1785	sub begin {
1545	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};	1786	++$_[0]{_ae_counter};
1546	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	1787	$_[0]{_ae_end_cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
1755	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read	1996	warn "read: $input\n"; # output what has been read
1756	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i	1997	$cv->send if $input =~ /^q/i; # quit program if /^q/i
1757	},	1998	},
1758	);	1999	);
1759		2000
1760	my $time_watcher; # can only be used once
1761
1762	sub new_timer {
1763	$timer = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, cb => sub {	2001	my $time_watcher = AnyEvent->timer (after => 1, interval => 1, cb => sub {
1764	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' about every second	2002	warn "timeout\n"; # print 'timeout' at most every second
1765	&new_timer; # and restart the time
1766	});	2003	});
1767	}
1768
1769	new_timer; # create first timer
1770		2004
1771	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i	2005	$cv->recv; # wait until user enters /^q/i
1772		2006
1773	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE	2007	=head1 REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE
1774		2008
…		…
1847		2081
1848	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)	2082	The actual code goes further and collects all errors (C<die>s, exceptions)
1849	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects	2083	that occurred during request processing. The C<result> method detects
1850	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)	2084	whether an exception as thrown (it is stored inside the $txn object)
1851	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other	2085	and just throws the exception, which means connection errors and other
1852	problems get reported tot he code that tries to use the result, not in a	2086	problems get reported to the code that tries to use the result, not in a
1853	random callback.	2087	random callback.
1854		2088
1855	All of this enables the following usage styles:	2089	All of this enables the following usage styles:
1856		2090
1857	1. Blocking:	2091	1. Blocking:
…		…
1905	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero	2139	through AnyEvent. The benchmark creates a lot of timers (with a zero
1906	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,	2140	timeout) and I/O watchers (watching STDOUT, a pty, to become writable,
1907	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.	2141	which it is), lets them fire exactly once and destroys them again.
1908		2142
1909	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent	2143	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench> in the AnyEvent
1910	distribution.	2144	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2145	for the EV and Perl backends only.
1911		2146
1912	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2147	=head3 Explanation of the columns
1913		2148
1914	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since	2149	I<watcher> is the number of event watchers created/destroyed. Since
1915	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event	2150	different event models feature vastly different performances, each event
…		…
1936	watcher.	2171	watcher.
1937		2172
1938	=head3 Results	2173	=head3 Results
1939		2174
1940	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment	2175	name watchers bytes create invoke destroy comment
1941	EV/EV 400000 224 0.47 0.35 0.27 EV native interface	2176	EV/EV 100000 223 0.47 0.43 0.27 EV native interface
1942	EV/Any 100000 224 2.88 0.34 0.27 EV + AnyEvent watchers	2177	EV/Any 100000 223 0.48 0.42 0.26 EV + AnyEvent watchers
1943	CoroEV/Any 100000 224 2.85 0.35 0.28 coroutines + Coro::Signal	2178	Coro::EV/Any 100000 223 0.47 0.42 0.26 coroutines + Coro::Signal
1944	Perl/Any 100000 452 4.13 0.73 0.95 pure perl implementation	2179	Perl/Any 100000 431 2.70 0.74 0.92 pure perl implementation
1945	Event/Event 16000 517 32.20 31.80 0.81 Event native interface	2180	Event/Event 16000 516 31.16 31.84 0.82 Event native interface
1946	Event/Any 16000 590 35.85 31.55 1.06 Event + AnyEvent watchers	2181	Event/Any 16000 1203 42.61 34.79 1.80 Event + AnyEvent watchers
1947	IOAsync/Any 16000 989 38.10 32.77 11.13 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll	2182	IOAsync/Any 16000 1911 41.92 27.45 16.81 via IO::Async::Loop::IO_Poll
1948	IOAsync/Any 16000 990 37.59 29.50 10.61 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll	2183	IOAsync/Any 16000 1726 40.69 26.37 15.25 via IO::Async::Loop::Epoll
1949	Glib/Any 16000 1357 102.33 12.31 51.00 quadratic behaviour	2184	Glib/Any 16000 1118 89.00 12.57 51.17 quadratic behaviour
1950	Tk/Any 2000 1860 27.20 66.31 14.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers	2185	Tk/Any 2000 1346 20.96 10.75 8.00 SEGV with >> 2000 watchers
1951	POE/Event 2000 6328 109.99 751.67 14.02 via POE::Loop::Event	2186	POE/Any 2000 6951 108.97 795.32 14.24 via POE::Loop::Event
1952	POE/Select 2000 6027 94.54 809.13 579.80 via POE::Loop::Select	2187	POE/Any 2000 6648 94.79 774.40 575.51 via POE::Loop::Select
1953		2188
1954	=head3 Discussion	2189	=head3 Discussion
1955		2190
1956	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very	2191	The benchmark does I<not> measure scalability of the event loop very
1957	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)	2192	well. For example, a select-based event loop (such as the pure perl one)
…		…
1969	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with	2204	benchmark machine, handling an event takes roughly 1600 CPU cycles with
1970	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU	2205	EV, 3100 CPU cycles with AnyEvent's pure perl loop and almost 3000000 CPU
1971	cycles with POE.	2206	cycles with POE.
1972		2207
1973	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both	2208	C<EV> is the sole leader regarding speed and memory use, which are both
1974	maximal/minimal, respectively. Even when going through AnyEvent, it uses	2209	maximal/minimal, respectively. When using the L<AE> API there is zero
		2210	overhead (when going through the AnyEvent API create is about 5-6 times
		2211	slower, with other times being equal, so still uses far less memory than
1975	far less memory than any other event loop and is still faster than Event	2212	any other event loop and is still faster than Event natively).
1976	natively.
1977		2213
1978	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the	2214	The pure perl implementation is hit in a few sweet spots (both the
1979	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl	2215	constant timeout and the use of a single fd hit optimisations in the perl
1980	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it	2216	interpreter and the backend itself). Nevertheless this shows that it
1981	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its	2217	adds very little overhead in itself. Like any select-based backend its
…		…
2055	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100	2291	In this benchmark, we use 10000 socket pairs (20000 sockets), of which 100
2056	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many	2292	(1%) are active. This mirrors the activity of large servers with many
2057	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.	2293	connections, most of which are idle at any one point in time.
2058		2294
2059	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent	2295	Source code for this benchmark is found as F<eg/bench2> in the AnyEvent
2060	distribution.	2296	distribution. It uses the L<AE> interface, which makes a real difference
		2297	for the EV and Perl backends only.
2061		2298
2062	=head3 Explanation of the columns	2299	=head3 Explanation of the columns
2063		2300
2064	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as	2301	I<sockets> is the number of sockets, and twice the number of "servers" (as
2065	each server has a read and write socket end).	2302	each server has a read and write socket end).
…		…
2073	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.	2310	a new one that moves the timeout into the future.
2074		2311
2075	=head3 Results	2312	=head3 Results
2076		2313
2077	name sockets create request	2314	name sockets create request
2078	EV 20000 69.01 11.16	2315	EV 20000 62.66 7.99
2079	Perl 20000 73.32 35.87	2316	Perl 20000 68.32 32.64
2080	IOAsync 20000 157.00 98.14 epoll	2317	IOAsync 20000 174.06 101.15 epoll
2081	IOAsync 20000 159.31 616.06 poll	2318	IOAsync 20000 174.67 610.84 poll
2082	Event 20000 212.62 257.32	2319	Event 20000 202.69 242.91
2083	Glib 20000 651.16 1896.30	2320	Glib 20000 557.01 1689.52
2084	POE 20000 349.67 12317.24 uses POE::Loop::Event	2321	POE 20000 341.54 12086.32 uses POE::Loop::Event
2085		2322
2086	=head3 Discussion	2323	=head3 Discussion
2087		2324
2088	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the	2325	This benchmark I<does> measure scalability and overall performance of the
2089	particular event loop.	2326	particular event loop.
…		…
2215	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the	2452	As you can see, the AnyEvent + EV combination even beats the
2216	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl	2453	hand-optimised "raw sockets benchmark", while AnyEvent + its pure perl
2217	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.	2454	backend easily beats IO::Lambda and POE.
2218		2455
2219	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and	2456	And even the 100% non-blocking version written using the high-level (and
2220	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda by a	2457	slow :) L<AnyEvent::Handle> abstraction beats both POE and IO::Lambda
2221	large margin, even though it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O	2458	higher level ("unoptimised") abstractions by a large margin, even though
2222	in a non-blocking way.	2459	it does all of DNS, tcp-connect and socket I/O in a non-blocking way.
2223		2460
2224	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and	2461	The two AnyEvent benchmarks programs can be found as F<eg/ae0.pl> and
2225	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are	2462	F<eg/ae2.pl> in the AnyEvent distribution, the remaining benchmarks are
2226	part of the IO::lambda distribution and were used without any changes.	2463	part of the IO::Lambda distribution and were used without any changes.
2227		2464
2228		2465
2229	=head1 SIGNALS	2466	=head1 SIGNALS
2230		2467
2231	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:	2468	AnyEvent currently installs handlers for these signals:
…		…
2273	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2510	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.
2274		2511
2275	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2512	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2276	modules if they are installed.	2513	modules if they are installed.
2277		2514
2278	This section epxlains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2515	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
2279	affect AnyEvent's operetion.	2516	affect AnyEvent's operation.
2280		2517
2281	=over 4	2518	=over 4
2282		2519
2283	=item L<Async::Interrupt>	2520	=item L<Async::Interrupt>
2284		2521
…		…
2289	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for	2526	catch the signals) with some delay (default is 10 seconds, look for
2290	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).	2527	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>).
2291		2528
2292	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal	2529	If this module is available, then it will be used to implement signal
2293	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop	2530	catching, which means that signals will not be delayed, and the event loop
2294	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (And good for	2531	will not be interrupted regularly, which is more efficient (and good for
2295	battery life on laptops).	2532	battery life on laptops).
2296		2533
2297	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops	2534	This affects not just the pure-perl event loop, but also other event loops
2298	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).	2535	that have no signal handling on their own (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt).
2299		2536
…		…
2311	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,	2548	automatic timer adjustments even when no monotonic clock is available,
2312	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and	2549	can take avdantage of advanced kernel interfaces such as C<epoll> and
2313	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed	2550	C<kqueue>, and is the fastest backend I<by far>. You can even embed
2314	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).	2551	L<Glib>/L<Gtk2> in it (or vice versa, see L<EV::Glib> and L<Glib::EV>).
2315		2552
		2553	If you only use backends that rely on another event loop (e.g. C<Tk>),
		2554	then this module will do nothing for you.
		2555
2316	=item L<Guard>	2556	=item L<Guard>
2317		2557
2318	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement	2558	The guard module, when used, will be used to implement
2319	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a	2559	C<AnyEvent::Util::guard>. This speeds up guards considerably (and uses a
2320	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is	2560	lot less memory), but otherwise doesn't affect guard operation much. It is
2321	purely used for performance.	2561	purely used for performance.
2322		2562
2323	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>	2563	=item L<JSON> and L<JSON::XS>
2324		2564
2325	This module is required when you want to read or write JSON data via	2565	One of these modules is required when you want to read or write JSON data
2326	L<AnyEvent::Handle>. It is also written in pure-perl, but can take	2566	via L<AnyEvent::Handle>. L<JSON> is also written in pure-perl, but can take
2327	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.	2567	advantage of the ultra-high-speed L<JSON::XS> module when it is installed.
2328
2329	In fact, L<AnyEvent::Handle> will use L<JSON::XS> by default if it is
2330	installed.
2331		2568
2332	=item L<Net::SSLeay>	2569	=item L<Net::SSLeay>
2333		2570
2334	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very	2571	Implementing TLS/SSL in Perl is certainly interesting, but not very
2335	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with	2572	worthwhile: If this module is installed, then L<AnyEvent::Handle> (with
…		…
2346		2583
2347		2584
2348	=head1 FORK	2585	=head1 FORK
2349		2586
2350	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are	2587	Most event libraries are not fork-safe. The ones who are usually are
2351	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll>	2588	because they rely on inefficient but fork-safe C<select> or C<poll> calls
2352	calls. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware.	2589	- higher performance APIs such as BSD's kqueue or the dreaded Linux epoll
		2590	are usually badly thought-out hacks that are incompatible with fork in
		2591	one way or another. Only L<EV> is fully fork-aware and ensures that you
		2592	continue event-processing in both parent and child (or both, if you know
		2593	what you are doing).
		2594
		2595	This means that, in general, you cannot fork and do event processing in
		2596	the child if the event library was initialised before the fork (which
		2597	usually happens when the first AnyEvent watcher is created, or the library
		2598	is loaded).
2353		2599
2354	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first	2600	If you have to fork, you must either do so I<before> creating your first
2355	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do	2601	watcher OR you must not use AnyEvent at all in the child OR you must do
2356	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.	2602	something completely out of the scope of AnyEvent.
		2603
		2604	The problem of doing event processing in the parent I<and> the child
		2605	is much more complicated: even for backends that I<are> fork-aware or
		2606	fork-safe, their behaviour is not usually what you want: fork clones all
		2607	watchers, that means all timers, I/O watchers etc. are active in both
		2608	parent and child, which is almost never what you want. USing C<exec>
		2609	to start worker children from some kind of manage rprocess is usually
		2610	preferred, because it is much easier and cleaner, at the expense of having
		2611	to have another binary.
2357		2612
2358		2613
2359	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS	2614	=head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
2360		2615
2361	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via	2616	AnyEvent can be forced to load any event model via
…		…
2399	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2654	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.
2400		2655
2401	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	2656	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2402	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	2657	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2403	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	2658	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2404	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>.	2659	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.
2405		2660
2406	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	2661	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and
2407	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	2662	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2408		2663
2409	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	2664	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents): Revision 1.250 by root, Mon Jul 20 07:12:38 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC

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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.250 by root, Mon Jul 20 07:12:38 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.320 by root, Mon Apr 12 02:50:31 2010 UTC