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Revision 1.398 by root, Tue Mar 27 16:21:11 2012 UTC

1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming	3	AnyEvent - the DBI of event loop programming
4		4
5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt	5	EV, Event, Glib, Tk, Perl, Event::Lib, Irssi, rxvt-unicode, IO::Async, Qt,
6	and POE are various supported event loops/environments.	6	FLTK and POE are various supported event loops/environments.
7		7
8	=head1 SYNOPSIS	8	=head1 SYNOPSIS
9		9
10	use AnyEvent;	10	use AnyEvent;
11		11
…		…
15	# file handle or descriptor readable	15	# file handle or descriptor readable
16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });	16	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "r", cb => sub { ... });
17		17
18	# one-shot or repeating timers	18	# one-shot or repeating timers
19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });	19	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, cb => sub { ... });
20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...	20	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => $seconds, interval => $seconds, cb => ...);
21		21
22	print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time	22	print AnyEvent->now; # prints current event loop time
23	print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time.	23	print AnyEvent->time; # think Time::HiRes::time or simply CORE::time.
24		24
25	# POSIX signal	25	# POSIX signal
…		…
46	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the	46	in a tutorial or some gentle introduction, have a look at the
47	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.	47	L<AnyEvent::Intro> manpage.
48		48
49	=head1 SUPPORT	49	=head1 SUPPORT
50		50
		51	An FAQ document is available as L<AnyEvent::FAQ>.
		52
51	There is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC	53	There also is a mailinglist for discussing all things AnyEvent, and an IRC
52	channel, too.	54	channel, too.
53		55
54	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software	56	See the AnyEvent project page at the B<Schmorpforge Ta-Sa Software
55	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.	57	Repository>, at L<http://anyevent.schmorp.de>, for more info.
56		58
…		…
76	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event	78	module users into the same thing by forcing them to use the same event
77	model you use.	79	model you use.
78		80
79	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is	81	For modules like POE or IO::Async (which is a total misnomer as it is
80	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is	82	actually doing all I/O I<synchronously>...), using them in your module is
81	like joining a cult: After you joined, you are dependent on them and you	83	like joining a cult: After you join, you are dependent on them and you
82	cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything	84	cannot use anything else, as they are simply incompatible to everything
83	that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your	85	that isn't them. What's worse, all the potential users of your
84	module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.	86	module are I<also> forced to use the same event loop you use.
85		87
86	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works	88	AnyEvent is different: AnyEvent + POE works fine. AnyEvent + Glib works
87	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together	89	fine. AnyEvent + Tk works fine etc. etc. but none of these work together
88	with the rest: POE + IO::Async? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if	90	with the rest: POE + EV? No go. Tk + Event? No go. Again: if your module
89	your module uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it,	91	uses one of those, every user of your module has to use it, too. But if
90	too. But if your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all	92	your module uses AnyEvent, it works transparently with all event models it
91	event models it supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those	93	supports (including stuff like IO::Async, as long as those use one of the
92	use one of the supported event loops. It is trivial to add new event loops	94	supported event loops. It is easy to add new event loops to AnyEvent, too,
93	to AnyEvent, too, so it is future-proof).	95	so it is future-proof).
94		96
95	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event	97	In addition to being free of having to use I<the one and only true event
96	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar	98	model>, AnyEvent also is free of bloat and policy: with POE or similar
97	modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to	99	modules, you get an enormous amount of code and strict rules you have to
98	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and up to the point, by only	100	follow. AnyEvent, on the other hand, is lean and to the point, by only
99	offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as	101	offering the functionality that is necessary, in as thin as a wrapper as
100	technically possible.	102	technically possible.
101		103
102	Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox	104	Of course, AnyEvent comes with a big (and fully optional!) toolbox
103	of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100%	105	of useful functionality, such as an asynchronous DNS resolver, 100%
…		…
109	useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event	111	useful) and you want to force your users to use the one and only event
110	model, you should I<not> use this module.	112	model, you should I<not> use this module.
111		113
112	=head1 DESCRIPTION	114	=head1 DESCRIPTION
113		115
114	L<AnyEvent> provides an identical interface to multiple event loops. This	116	L<AnyEvent> provides a uniform interface to various event loops. This
115	allows module authors to utilise an event loop without forcing module	117	allows module authors to use event loop functionality without forcing
116	users to use the same event loop (as only a single event loop can coexist	118	module users to use a specific event loop implementation (since more
117	peacefully at any one time).	119	than one event loop cannot coexist peacefully).
118		120
119	The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event>	121	The interface itself is vaguely similar, but not identical to the L<Event>
120	module.	122	module.
121		123
122	During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries	124	During the first call of any watcher-creation method, the module tries
123	to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the	125	to detect the currently loaded event loop by probing whether one of the
124	following modules is already loaded: L<EV>,	126	following modules is already loaded: L<EV>, L<AnyEvent::Loop>,
125	L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>,	127	L<Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>. The first one
126	L<POE>. The first one found is used. If none are found, the module tries	128	found is used. If none are detected, the module tries to load the first
127	to load these modules (excluding Tk, Event::Lib, Qt and POE as the pure perl	129	four modules in the order given; but note that if L<EV> is not
128	adaptor should always succeed) in the order given. The first one that can	130	available, the pure-perl L<AnyEvent::Loop> should always work, so
129	be successfully loaded will be used. If, after this, still none could be	131	the other two are not normally tried.
130	found, AnyEvent will fall back to a pure-perl event loop, which is not
131	very efficient, but should work everywhere.
132		132
133	Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading	133	Because AnyEvent first checks for modules that are already loaded, loading
134	an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make	134	an event model explicitly before first using AnyEvent will likely make
135	that model the default. For example:	135	that model the default. For example:
136		136
…		…
138	use AnyEvent;	138	use AnyEvent;
139		139
140	# .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk	140	# .. AnyEvent will likely default to Tk
141		141
142	The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and	142	The I<likely> means that, if any module loads another event model and
143	starts using it, all bets are off. Maybe you should tell their authors to	143	starts using it, all bets are off - this case should be very rare though,
144	use AnyEvent so their modules work together with others seamlessly...	144	as very few modules hardcode event loops without announcing this very
		145	loudly.
145		146
146	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called	147	The pure-perl implementation of AnyEvent is called C<AnyEvent::Loop>. Like
147	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>. Like other event modules you can load it	148	other event modules you can load it explicitly and enjoy the high
148	explicitly and enjoy the high availability of that event loop :)	149	availability of that event loop :)
149		150
150	=head1 WATCHERS	151	=head1 WATCHERS
151		152
152	AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that	153	AnyEvent has the central concept of a I<watcher>, which is an object that
153	stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as	154	stores relevant data for each kind of event you are waiting for, such as
…		…
158	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model	159	callback when the event occurs (of course, only when the event model
159	is in control).	160	is in control).
160		161
161	Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables>	162	Note that B<callbacks must not permanently change global variables>
162	potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<<	163	potentially in use by the event loop (such as C<$_> or C<$[>) and that B<<
163	callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practise in	164	callbacks must not C<die> >>. The former is good programming practice in
164	Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs	165	Perl and the latter stems from the fact that exception handling differs
165	widely between event loops.	166	widely between event loops.
166		167
167	To disable the watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the	168	To disable a watcher you have to destroy it (e.g. by setting the
168	variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references	169	variable you store it in to C<undef> or otherwise deleting all references
169	to it).	170	to it).
170		171
171	All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class.	172	All watchers are created by calling a method on the C<AnyEvent> class.
172		173
173	Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for	174	Many watchers either are used with "recursion" (repeating timers for
174	example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways.	175	example), or need to refer to their watcher object in other ways.
175		176
176	An any way to achieve that is this pattern:	177	One way to achieve that is this pattern:
177		178
178	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub {	179	my $w; $w = AnyEvent->type (arg => value ..., cb => sub {
179	# you can use $w here, for example to undef it	180	# you can use $w here, for example to undef it
180	undef $w;	181	undef $w;
181	});	182	});
…		…
213		214
214	The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it.	215	The I/O watcher might use the underlying file descriptor or a copy of it.
215	You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the	216	You must not close a file handle as long as any watcher is active on the
216	underlying file descriptor.	217	underlying file descriptor.
217		218
218	Some event loops issue spurious readyness notifications, so you should	219	Some event loops issue spurious readiness notifications, so you should
219	always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file	220	always use non-blocking calls when reading/writing from/to your file
220	handles.	221	handles.
221		222
222	Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the	223	Example: wait for readability of STDIN, then read a line and disable the
223	watcher.	224	watcher.
…		…
247		248
248	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and	249	Although the callback might get passed parameters, their value and
249	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent	250	presence is undefined and you cannot rely on them. Portable AnyEvent
250	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.	251	callbacks cannot use arguments passed to time watcher callbacks.
251		252
252	The callback will normally be invoked once only. If you specify another	253	The callback will normally be invoked only once. If you specify another
253	parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the	254	parameter, C<interval>, as a strictly positive number (> 0), then the
254	callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional	255	callback will be invoked regularly at that interval (in fractional
255	seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a	256	seconds) after the first invocation. If C<interval> is specified with a
256	false value, then it is treated as if it were missing.	257	false value, then it is treated as if it were not specified at all.
257		258
258	The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no	259	The callback will be rescheduled before invoking the callback, but no
259	attempt is done to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is	260	attempt is made to avoid timer drift in most backends, so the interval is
260	only approximate.	261	only approximate.
261		262
262	Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds.	263	Example: fire an event after 7.7 seconds.
263		264
264	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub {	265	my $w = AnyEvent->timer (after => 7.7, cb => sub {
…		…
282		283
283	While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they	284	While most event loops expect timers to specified in a relative way, they
284	use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock	285	use absolute time internally. This makes a difference when your clock
285	"jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from	286	"jumps", for example, when ntp decides to set your clock backwards from
286	the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to	287	the wrong date of 2014-01-01 to 2008-01-01, a watcher that is supposed to
287	fire "after" a second might actually take six years to finally fire.	288	fire "after a second" might actually take six years to finally fire.
288		289
289	AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious	290	AnyEvent cannot compensate for this. The only event loop that is conscious
290	about these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based	291	of these issues is L<EV>, which offers both relative (ev_timer, based
291	on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time)	292	on true relative time) and absolute (ev_periodic, based on wallclock time)
292	timers.	293	timers.
293		294
294	AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the	295	AnyEvent always prefers relative timers, if available, matching the
295	AnyEvent API.	296	AnyEvent API.
…		…
317	I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the	318	I<In almost all cases (in all cases if you don't care), this is the
318	function to call when you want to know the current time.>	319	function to call when you want to know the current time.>
319		320
320	This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and	321	This function is also often faster then C<< AnyEvent->time >>, and
321	thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example,	322	thus the preferred method if you want some timestamp (for example,
322	L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update it's activity timeouts).	323	L<AnyEvent::Handle> uses this to update its activity timeouts).
323		324
324	The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact	325	The rest of this section is only of relevance if you try to be very exact
325	with your timing, you can skip it without bad conscience.	326	with your timing; you can skip it without a bad conscience.
326		327
327	For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib>	328	For a practical example of when these times differ, consider L<Event::Lib>
328	and L<EV> and the following set-up:	329	and L<EV> and the following set-up:
329		330
330	The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callback at	331	The event loop is running and has just invoked one of your callbacks at
331	time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback,	332	time=500 (assume no other callbacks delay processing). In your callback,
332	you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a	333	you wait a second by executing C<sleep 1> (blocking the process for a
333	second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires	334	second) and then (at time=501) you create a relative timer that fires
334	after three seconds.	335	after three seconds.
335		336
…		…
355	difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into	356	difference between C<< AnyEvent->time >> and C<< AnyEvent->now >> into
356	account.	357	account.
357		358
358	=item AnyEvent->now_update	359	=item AnyEvent->now_update
359		360
360	Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) cache	361	Some event loops (such as L<EV> or L<AnyEvent::Loop>) cache the current
361	the current time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<<	362	time for each loop iteration (see the discussion of L<< AnyEvent->now >>,
362	AnyEvent->now >>, above).	363	above).
363		364
364	When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then	365	When a callback runs for a long time (or when the process sleeps), then
365	this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which	366	this "current" time will differ substantially from the real time, which
366	might affect timers and time-outs.	367	might affect timers and time-outs.
367		368
…		…
414	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's	415	not restart syscalls (that includes L<Async::Interrupt> and AnyEvent's
415	pure perl implementation).	416	pure perl implementation).
416		417
417	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals	418	=head3 Safe/Unsafe Signals
418		419
419	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling) or	420	Perl signals can be either "safe" (synchronous to opcode handling)
420	"unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might get delayed indefinitely, the	421	or "unsafe" (asynchronous) - the former might delay signal delivery
421	latter might corrupt your memory.	422	indefinitely, the latter might corrupt your memory.
422		423
423	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,	424	AnyEvent signal handlers are, in addition, synchronous to the event loop,
424	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be	425	i.e. they will not interrupt your running perl program but will only be
425	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.	426	called as part of the normal event handling (just like timer, I/O etc.
426	callbacks, too).	427	callbacks, too).
427		428
428	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds	429	=head3 Signal Races, Delays and Workarounds
429		430
430	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support attaching	431	Many event loops (e.g. Glib, Tk, Qt, IO::Async) do not support
431	callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity, as you cannot	432	attaching callbacks to signals in a generic way, which is a pity,
432	do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring C libraries for	433	as you cannot do race-free signal handling in perl, requiring
433	this. AnyEvent will try to do it's best, which means in some cases,	434	C libraries for this. AnyEvent will try to do its best, which
434	signals will be delayed. The maximum time a signal might be delayed is	435	means in some cases, signals will be delayed. The maximum time
435	specified in C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> (default: 10 seconds). This	436	a signal might be delayed is 10 seconds by default, but can
436	variable can be changed only before the first signal watcher is created,	437	be overriden via C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY}> or
437	and should be left alone otherwise. This variable determines how often	438	C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> - see the L<ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES>
438	AnyEvent polls for signals (in case a wake-up was missed). Higher values	439	section for details.
439	will cause fewer spurious wake-ups, which is better for power and CPU
440	saving.
441		440
442	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional	441	All these problems can be avoided by installing the optional
443	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not	442	L<Async::Interrupt> module, which works with most event loops. It will not
444	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>	443	work with inherently broken event loops such as L<Event> or L<Event::Lib>
445	(and not with L<POE> currently, as POE does it's own workaround with	444	(and not with L<POE> currently). For those, you just have to suffer the
446	one-second latency). For those, you just have to suffer the delays.	445	delays.
447		446
448	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS	447	=head2 CHILD PROCESS WATCHERS
449		448
450	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);	449	$w = AnyEvent->child (pid => <process id>, cb => <callback>);
451		450
452	You can also watch on a child process exit and catch its exit status.	451	You can also watch for a child process exit and catch its exit status.
453		452
454	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (one some backends,	453	The child process is specified by the C<pid> argument (on some backends,
455	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will	454	using C<0> watches for any child process exit, on others this will
456	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has	455	croak). The watcher will be triggered only when the child process has
457	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events	456	finished and an exit status is available, not on any trace events
458	(stopped/continued).	457	(stopped/continued).
459		458
…		…
481	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one	480	thing in an AnyEvent program, you I<have> to create at least one
482	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call	481	watcher before you C<fork> the child (alternatively, you can call
483	C<AnyEvent::detect>).	482	C<AnyEvent::detect>).
484		483
485	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be	484	As most event loops do not support waiting for child events, they will be
486	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which the latency and race problems	485	emulated by AnyEvent in most cases, in which case the latency and race
487	mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.	486	problems mentioned in the description of signal watchers apply.
488		487
489	Example: fork a process and wait for it	488	Example: fork a process and wait for it
490		489
491	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;	490	my $done = AnyEvent->condvar;
492		491
…		…
506		505
507	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS	506	=head2 IDLE WATCHERS
508		507
509	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);	508	$w = AnyEvent->idle (cb => <callback>);
510		509
511	Repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle, until	510	This will repeatedly invoke the callback after the process becomes idle,
512	either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.	511	until either the watcher is destroyed or new events have been detected.
513		512
514	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it	513	Idle watchers are useful when there is a need to do something, but it
515	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be	514	is not so important (or wise) to do it instantly. The callback will be
516	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually	515	invoked only when there is "nothing better to do", which is usually
517	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events	516	defined as "all outstanding events have been handled and no new events
…		…
587	the signal fires.	586	the signal fires.
588		587
589	=item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program	588	=item * Condition variables are like "Merge Points" - points in your program
590	where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one.	589	where you merge multiple independent results/control flows into one.
591		590
592	=item * Condition variables represent a transaction - function that start	591	=item * Condition variables represent a transaction - functions that start
593	some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice	592	some kind of transaction can return them, leaving the caller the choice
594	between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback.	593	between waiting in a blocking fashion, or setting a callback.
595		594
596	=item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver	595	=item * Condition variables represent future values, or promises to deliver
597	some result, long before the result is available.	596	some result, long before the result is available.
…		…
617		616
618	Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys	617	Condition variables are represented by hash refs in perl, and the keys
619	used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing	618	used by AnyEvent itself are all named C<_ae_XXX> to make subclassing
620	easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of	619	easy (it is often useful to build your own transaction class on top of
621	AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call	620	AnyEvent). To subclass, use C<AnyEvent::CondVar> as base class and call
622	it's C<new> method in your own C<new> method.	621	its C<new> method in your own C<new> method.
623		622
624	There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which	623	There are two "sides" to a condition variable - the "producer side" which
625	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits	624	eventually calls C<< -> send >>, and the "consumer side", which waits
626	for the send to occur.	625	for the send to occur.
627		626
…		…
692	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling	691	they were a code reference). Calling them directly is the same as calling
693	C<send>.	692	C<send>.
694		693
695	=item $cv->croak ($error)	694	=item $cv->croak ($error)
696		695
697	Similar to send, but causes all call's to C<< ->recv >> to invoke	696	Similar to send, but causes all calls to C<< ->recv >> to invoke
698	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.	697	C<Carp::croak> with the given error message/object/scalar.
699		698
700	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable	699	This can be used to signal any errors to the condition variable
701	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly	700	user/consumer. Doing it this way instead of calling C<croak> directly
702	delays the error detetcion, but has the overwhelmign advantage that it	701	delays the error detection, but has the overwhelming advantage that it
703	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not	702	diagnoses the error at the place where the result is expected, and not
704	deep in some event clalback without connection to the actual code causing	703	deep in some event callback with no connection to the actual code causing
705	the problem.	704	the problem.
706		705
707	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])	706	=item $cv->begin ([group callback])
708		707
709	=item $cv->end	708	=item $cv->end
…		…
747	one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before	746	one call to C<begin>, so the condvar waits for all calls to C<end> before
748	sending.	747	sending.
749		748
750	The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the	749	The ping example mentioned above is slightly more complicated, as the
751	there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are	750	there are results to be passwd back, and the number of tasks that are
752	begung can potentially be zero:	751	begun can potentially be zero:
753		752
754	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	753	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
755		754
756	my %result;	755	my %result;
757	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });	756	$cv->begin (sub { shift->send (\%result) });
…		…
778	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that	777	to be called once the counter reaches C<0>, and second, it ensures that
779	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop	778	C<send> is called even when C<no> hosts are being pinged (the loop
780	doesn't execute once).	779	doesn't execute once).
781		780
782	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but	781	This is the general pattern when you "fan out" into multiple (but
783	potentially none) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set	782	potentially zero) subrequests: use an outer C<begin>/C<end> pair to set
784	the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each	783	the callback and ensure C<end> is called at least once, and then, for each
785	subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish,	784	subrequest you start, call C<begin> and for each subrequest you finish,
786	call C<end>.	785	call C<end>.
787		786
788	=back	787	=back
…		…
795	=over 4	794	=over 4
796		795
797	=item $cv->recv	796	=item $cv->recv
798		797
799	Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak	798	Wait (blocking if necessary) until the C<< ->send >> or C<< ->croak
800	>> methods have been called on c<$cv>, while servicing other watchers	799	>> methods have been called on C<$cv>, while servicing other watchers
801	normally.	800	normally.
802		801
803	You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but	802	You can only wait once on a condition - additional calls are valid but
804	will return immediately.	803	will return immediately.
805		804
…		…
822	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling	821	caller decide whether the call will block or not (for example, by coupling
823	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting	822	condition variables with some kind of request results and supporting
824	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,	823	callbacks so the caller knows that getting the result will not block,
825	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).	824	while still supporting blocking waits if the caller so desires).
826		825
827	You can ensure that C<< -recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and	826	You can ensure that C<< ->recv >> never blocks by setting a callback and
828	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later	827	only calling C<< ->recv >> from within that callback (or at a later
829	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking	828	time). This will work even when the event loop does not support blocking
830	waits otherwise.	829	waits otherwise.
831		830
832	=item $bool = $cv->ready	831	=item $bool = $cv->ready
…		…
837	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))	836	=item $cb = $cv->cb ($cb->($cv))
838		837
839	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally	838	This is a mutator function that returns the callback set and optionally
840	replaces it before doing so.	839	replaces it before doing so.
841		840
842	The callback will be called when the condition becomes (or already was)	841	The callback will be called when the condition becomes "true", i.e. when
843	"true", i.e. when C<send> or C<croak> are called (or were called), with	842	C<send> or C<croak> are called, with the only argument being the
844	the only argument being the condition variable itself. Calling C<recv>	843	condition variable itself. If the condition is already true, the
		844	callback is called immediately when it is set. Calling C<recv> inside
845	inside the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.	845	the callback or at any later time is guaranteed not to block.
846		846
847	=back	847	=back
848		848
849	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS	849	=head1 SUPPORTED EVENT LOOPS/BACKENDS
850		850
…		…
858	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own	858	use. If EV is not installed, then AnyEvent will fall back to its own
859	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with	859	pure-perl implementation, which is available everywhere as it comes with
860	AnyEvent itself.	860	AnyEvent itself.
861		861
862	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).	862	AnyEvent::Impl::EV based on EV (interface to libev, best choice).
863	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl implementation, fast and portable.	863	AnyEvent::Impl::Perl pure-perl AnyEvent::Loop, fast and portable.
864		864
865	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.	865	=item Backends that are transparently being picked up when they are used.
866		866
867	These will be used when they are currently loaded when the first watcher	867	These will be used if they are already loaded when the first watcher
868	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using	868	is created, in which case it is assumed that the application is using
869	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend	869	them. This means that AnyEvent will automatically pick the right backend
870	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to	870	when the main program loads an event module before anything starts to
871	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.	871	create watchers. Nothing special needs to be done by the main program.
872		872
…		…
874	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.	874	AnyEvent::Impl::Glib based on Glib, slow but very stable.
875	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.	875	AnyEvent::Impl::Tk based on Tk, very broken.
876	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.	876	AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib based on Event::Lib, leaks memory and worse.
877	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.	877	AnyEvent::Impl::POE based on POE, very slow, some limitations.
878	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.	878	AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi used when running within irssi.
		879	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async.
		880	AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa based on Cocoa::EventLoop.
		881	AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK based on FLTK (fltk 2 binding).
879		882
880	=item Backends with special needs.	883	=item Backends with special needs.
881		884
882	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will	885	Qt requires the Qt::Application to be instantiated first, but will
883	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program	886	otherwise be picked up automatically. As long as the main program
884	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,	887	instantiates the application before any AnyEvent watchers are created,
885	everything should just work.	888	everything should just work.
886		889
887	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.	890	AnyEvent::Impl::Qt based on Qt.
888		891
889	Support for IO::Async can only be partial, as it is too broken and
890	architecturally limited to even support the AnyEvent API. It also
891	is the only event loop that needs the loop to be set explicitly, so
892	it can only be used by a main program knowing about AnyEvent. See
893	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Async> for the gory details.
894
895	AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync based on IO::Async, cannot be autoprobed.
896
897	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.	892	=item Event loops that are indirectly supported via other backends.
898		893
899	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:	894	Some event loops can be supported via other modules:
900		895
901	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.	896	There is no direct support for WxWidgets (L<Wx>) or L<Prima>.
…		…
926	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the	921	Contains C<undef> until the first watcher is being created, before the
927	backend has been autodetected.	922	backend has been autodetected.
928		923
929	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the	924	Afterwards it contains the event model that is being used, which is the
930	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one	925	name of the Perl class implementing the model. This class is usually one
931	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl:xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the	926	of the C<AnyEvent::Impl::xxx> modules, but can be any other class in the
932	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it	927	case AnyEvent has been extended at runtime (e.g. in I<rxvt-unicode> it
933	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).	928	will be C<urxvt::anyevent>).
934		929
935	=item AnyEvent::detect	930	=item AnyEvent::detect
936		931
937	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model	932	Returns C<$AnyEvent::MODEL>, forcing autodetection of the event model
938	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would	933	if necessary. You should only call this function right before you would
939	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at	934	have created an AnyEvent watcher anyway, that is, as late as possible at
940	runtime, and not e.g. while initialising of your module.	935	runtime, and not e.g. during initialisation of your module.
		936
		937	The effect of calling this function is as if a watcher had been created
		938	(specifically, actions that happen "when the first watcher is created"
		939	happen when calling detetc as well).
941		940
942	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are	941	If you need to do some initialisation before AnyEvent watchers are
943	created, use C<post_detect>.	942	created, use C<post_detect>.
944		943
945	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }	944	=item $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect { BLOCK }
946		945
947	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is	946	Arranges for the code block to be executed as soon as the event model is
948	autodetected (or immediately if this has already happened).	947	autodetected (or immediately if that has already happened).
949		948
950	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected	949	The block will be executed I<after> the actual backend has been detected
951	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been	950	(C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> is set), but I<before> any watchers have been
952	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do	951	created, so it is possible to e.g. patch C<@AnyEvent::ISA> or do
953	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or	952	other initialisations - see the sources of L<AnyEvent::Strict> or
…		…
962	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or	961	that automatically removes the callback again when it is destroyed (or
963	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for	962	C<undef> when the hook was immediately executed). See L<AnyEvent::AIO> for
964	a case where this is useful.	963	a case where this is useful.
965		964
966	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in	965	Example: Create a watcher for the IO::AIO module and store it in
967	C<$WATCHER>. Only do so after the event loop is initialised, though.	966	C<$WATCHER>, but do so only do so after the event loop is initialised.
968		967
969	our WATCHER;	968	our WATCHER;
970		969
971	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {	970	my $guard = AnyEvent::post_detect {
972	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	971	$WATCHER = AnyEvent->io (fh => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, poll => 'r', cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
…		…
980	$WATCHER ||= $guard;	979	$WATCHER ||= $guard;
981		980
982	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect	981	=item @AnyEvent::post_detect
983		982
984	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it	983	If there are any code references in this array (you can C<push> to it
985	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will called directly after	984	before or after loading AnyEvent), then they will be called directly
986	the event loop has been chosen.	985	after the event loop has been chosen.
987		986
988	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:	987	You should check C<$AnyEvent::MODEL> before adding to this array, though:
989	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the	988	if it is defined then the event loop has already been detected, and the
990	array will be ignored.	989	array will be ignored.
991		990
…		…
1008	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent	1007	# AnyEvent not yet initialised, so make sure to load Coro::AnyEvent
1009	# as soon as it is	1008	# as soon as it is
1010	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };	1009	push @AnyEvent::post_detect, sub { require Coro::AnyEvent };
1011	}	1010	}
1012		1011
		1012	=item AnyEvent::postpone { BLOCK }
		1013
		1014	Arranges for the block to be executed as soon as possible, but not before
		1015	the call itself returns. In practise, the block will be executed just
		1016	before the event loop polls for new events, or shortly afterwards.
		1017
		1018	This function never returns anything (to make the C<return postpone { ...
		1019	}> idiom more useful.
		1020
		1021	To understand the usefulness of this function, consider a function that
		1022	asynchronously does something for you and returns some transaction
		1023	object or guard to let you cancel the operation. For example,
		1024	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>:
		1025
		1026	# start a conenction attempt unless one is active
		1027	$self->{connect_guard} ||= AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect "www.example.net", 80, sub {
		1028	delete $self->{connect_guard};
		1029	...
		1030	};
		1031
		1032	Imagine that this function could instantly call the callback, for
		1033	example, because it detects an obvious error such as a negative port
		1034	number. Invoking the callback before the function returns causes problems
		1035	however: the callback will be called and will try to delete the guard
		1036	object. But since the function hasn't returned yet, there is nothing to
		1037	delete. When the function eventually returns it will assign the guard
		1038	object to C<< $self->{connect_guard} >>, where it will likely never be
		1039	deleted, so the program thinks it is still trying to connect.
		1040
		1041	This is where C<AnyEvent::postpone> should be used. Instead of calling the
		1042	callback directly on error:
		1043
		1044	$cb->(undef), return # signal error to callback, BAD!
		1045	if $some_error_condition;
		1046
		1047	It should use C<postpone>:
		1048
		1049	AnyEvent::postpone { $cb->(undef) }, return # signal error to callback, later
		1050	if $some_error_condition;
		1051
		1052	=item AnyEvent::log $level, $msg[, @args]
		1053
		1054	Log the given C<$msg> at the given C<$level>.
		1055
		1056	If L<AnyEvent::Log> is not loaded then this function makes a simple test
		1057	to see whether the message will be logged. If the test succeeds it will
		1058	load AnyEvent::Log and call C<AnyEvent::Log::log> - consequently, look at
		1059	the L<AnyEvent::Log> documentation for details.
		1060
		1061	If the test fails it will simply return. Right now this happens when a
		1062	numerical loglevel is used and it is larger than the level specified via
		1063	C<$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}>.
		1064
		1065	If you want to sprinkle loads of logging calls around your code, consider
		1066	creating a logger callback with the C<AnyEvent::Log::logger> function,
		1067	which can reduce typing, codesize and can reduce the logging overhead
		1068	enourmously.
		1069
1013	=back	1070	=back
1014		1071
1015	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE	1072	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN A MODULE
1016		1073
1017	As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods	1074	As a module author, you should C<use AnyEvent> and call AnyEvent methods
…		…
1027	because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using	1084	because it will stall the whole program, and the whole point of using
1028	events is to stay interactive.	1085	events is to stay interactive.
1029		1086
1030	It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module	1087	It is fine, however, to call C<< ->recv >> when the user of your module
1031	requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method	1088	requests it (i.e. if you create a http request object ad have a method
1032	called C<results> that returns the results, it should call C<< ->recv >>	1089	called C<results> that returns the results, it may call C<< ->recv >>
1033	freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. always).	1090	freely, as the user of your module knows what she is doing. Always).
1034		1091
1035	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM	1092	=head1 WHAT TO DO IN THE MAIN PROGRAM
1036		1093
1037	There will always be a single main program - the only place that should	1094	There will always be a single main program - the only place that should
1038	dictate which event model to use.	1095	dictate which event model to use.
1039		1096
1040	If it doesn't care, it can just "use AnyEvent" and use it itself, or not	1097	If the program is not event-based, it need not do anything special, even
1041	do anything special (it does not need to be event-based) and let AnyEvent	1098	when it depends on a module that uses an AnyEvent. If the program itself
1042	decide which implementation to chose if some module relies on it.	1099	uses AnyEvent, but does not care which event loop is used, all it needs
		1100	to do is C<use AnyEvent>. In either case, AnyEvent will choose the best
		1101	available loop implementation.
1043		1102
1044	If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in	1103	If the main program relies on a specific event model - for example, in
1045	Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the	1104	Gtk2 programs you have to rely on the Glib module - you should load the
1046	event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally	1105	event module before loading AnyEvent or any module that uses it: generally
1047	speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that	1106	speaking, you should load it as early as possible. The reason is that
1048	modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will	1107	modules might create watchers when they are loaded, and AnyEvent will
1049	decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it	1108	decide on the event model to use as soon as it creates watchers, and it
1050	might chose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself.	1109	might choose the wrong one unless you load the correct one yourself.
1051		1110
1052	You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the	1111	You can chose to use a pure-perl implementation by loading the
1053	C<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> module, which gives you similar behaviour	1112	C<AnyEvent::Loop> module, which gives you similar behaviour
1054	everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better.	1113	everywhere, but letting AnyEvent chose the model is generally better.
1055		1114
1056	=head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION	1115	=head2 MAINLOOP EMULATION
1057		1116
1058	Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who	1117	Sometimes (often for short test scripts, or even standalone programs who
…		…
1071		1130
1072		1131
1073	=head1 OTHER MODULES	1132	=head1 OTHER MODULES
1074		1133
1075	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use	1134	The following is a non-exhaustive list of additional modules that use
1076	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other AnyEvent	1135	AnyEvent as a client and can therefore be mixed easily with other
1077	modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the modules	1136	AnyEvent modules and other event loops in the same program. Some of the
1078	come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN.	1137	modules come as part of AnyEvent, the others are available via CPAN (see
		1138	L<http://search.cpan.org/search?m=module&q=anyevent%3A%3A*> for
		1139	a longer non-exhaustive list), and the list is heavily biased towards
		1140	modules of the AnyEvent author himself :)
1079		1141
1080	=over 4	1142	=over 4
1081		1143
1082	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>	1144	=item L<AnyEvent::Util>
1083		1145
1084	Contains various utility functions that replace often-used but blocking	1146	Contains various utility functions that replace often-used blocking
1085	functions such as C<inet_aton> by event-/callback-based versions.	1147	functions such as C<inet_aton> with event/callback-based versions.
1086		1148
1087	=item L<AnyEvent::Socket>	1149	=item L<AnyEvent::Socket>
1088		1150
1089	Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets,	1151	Provides various utility functions for (internet protocol) sockets,
1090	addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp	1152	addresses and name resolution. Also functions to create non-blocking tcp
…		…
1092		1154
1093	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>	1155	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle>
1094		1156
1095	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,	1157	Provide read and write buffers, manages watchers for reads and writes,
1096	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and	1158	supports raw and formatted I/O, I/O queued and fully transparent and
1097	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	1159	non-blocking SSL/TLS (via L<AnyEvent::TLS>).
1098		1160
1099	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>	1161	=item L<AnyEvent::DNS>
1100		1162
1101	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.	1163	Provides rich asynchronous DNS resolver capabilities.
1102		1164
1103	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>	1165	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTP>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>, L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IGS>, L<AnyEvent::FCP>
1104		1166
1105	Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for	1167	Implement event-based interfaces to the protocols of the same name (for
1106	the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet	1168	the curious, IGS is the International Go Server and FCP is the Freenet
1107	Client Protocol).	1169	Client Protocol).
1108
1109	=item L<AnyEvent::Handle::UDP>
1110
1111	Here be danger!
1112
1113	As Pauli would put it, "Not only is it not right, it's not even wrong!" -
1114	there are so many things wrong with AnyEvent::Handle::UDP, most notably
1115	it's use of a stream-based API with a protocol that isn't streamable, that
1116	the only way to improve it is to delete it.
1117
1118	It features data corruption (but typically only under load) and general
1119	confusion. On top, the author is not only clueless about UDP but also
1120	fact-resistant - some gems of his understanding: "connect doesn't work
1121	with UDP", "UDP packets are not IP packets", "UDP only has datagrams, not
1122	packets", "I don't need to implement proper error checking as UDP doesn't
1123	support error checking" and so on - he doesn't even understand what's
1124	wrong with his module when it is explained to him.
1125
1126	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
1127
1128	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
1129	notifying you in an event-bnased way when the operation is finished.
1130		1170
1131	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>	1171	=item L<AnyEvent::AIO>
1132		1172
1133	Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the	1173	Truly asynchronous (as opposed to non-blocking) I/O, should be in the
1134	toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses	1174	toolbox of every event programmer. AnyEvent::AIO transparently fuses
1135	L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based	1175	L<IO::AIO> and AnyEvent together, giving AnyEvent access to event-based
1136	file I/O, and much more.	1176	file I/O, and much more.
1137		1177
		1178	=item L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify>
		1179
		1180	AnyEvent is good for non-blocking stuff, but it can't detect file or
		1181	path changes (e.g. "watch this directory for new files", "watch this
		1182	file for changes"). The L<AnyEvent::Filesys::Notify> module promises to
		1183	do just that in a portbale fashion, supporting inotify on GNU/Linux and
		1184	some weird, without doubt broken, stuff on OS X to monitor files. It can
		1185	fall back to blocking scans at regular intervals transparently on other
		1186	platforms, so it's about as portable as it gets.
		1187
		1188	(I haven't used it myself, but I haven't heard anybody complaining about
		1189	it yet).
		1190
		1191	=item L<AnyEvent::DBI>
		1192
		1193	Executes L<DBI> requests asynchronously in a proxy process for you,
		1194	notifying you in an event-based way when the operation is finished.
		1195
1138	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>	1196	=item L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>
1139		1197
1140	A simple embedded webserver.	1198	A simple embedded webserver.
1141		1199
1142	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>	1200	=item L<AnyEvent::FastPing>
1143		1201
1144	The fastest ping in the west.	1202	The fastest ping in the west.
1145		1203
1146	=item L<Coro>	1204	=item L<Coro>
1147		1205
1148	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>.	1206	Has special support for AnyEvent via L<Coro::AnyEvent>, which allows you
		1207	to simply invert the flow control - don't call us, we will call you:
		1208
		1209	async {
		1210	Coro::AnyEvent::sleep 5; # creates a 5s timer and waits for it
		1211	print "5 seconds later!\n";
		1212
		1213	Coro::AnyEvent::readable *STDIN; # uses an I/O watcher
		1214	my $line = <STDIN>; # works for ttys
		1215
		1216	AnyEvent::HTTP::http_get "url", Coro::rouse_cb;
		1217	my ($body, $hdr) = Coro::rouse_wait;
		1218	};
1149		1219
1150	=back	1220	=back
1151		1221
1152	=cut	1222	=cut
1153		1223
1154	package AnyEvent;	1224	package AnyEvent;
1155		1225
1156	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense	1226	# basically a tuned-down version of common::sense
1157	sub common_sense {	1227	sub common_sense {
1158	# from common:.sense 1.0	1228	# from common:.sense 3.5
		1229	local $^W;
1159	${^WARNING_BITS} = "\xfc\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x00";	1230	${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS} ^ "\x3c\x3f\x33\x00\x0f\xf0\x0f\xc0\xf0\xfc\x33\x00";
1160	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)	1231	# use strict vars subs - NO UTF-8, as Util.pm doesn't like this atm. (uts46data.pl)
1161	$^H |= 0x00000600;	1232	$^H |= 0x00000600;
1162	}	1233	}
1163		1234
1164	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }	1235	BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
1165		1236
1166	use Carp ();	1237	use Carp ();
1167		1238
1168	our $VERSION = '5.27';	1239	our $VERSION = '6.14';
1169	our $MODEL;	1240	our $MODEL;
1170
1171	our $AUTOLOAD;
1172	our @ISA;	1241	our @ISA;
1173
1174	our @REGISTRY;	1242	our @REGISTRY;
1175
1176	our $VERBOSE;	1243	our $VERBOSE;
		1244	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred
		1245	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY} || 10; # executes after the BEGIN block below (tainting!)
1177		1246
1178	BEGIN {	1247	BEGIN {
1179	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";	1248	require "AnyEvent/constants.pl";
1180		1249
1181	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";	1250	eval "sub TAINT (){" . (${^TAINT}*1) . "}";
1182		1251
1183	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}	1252	delete @ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV}
1184	if ${^TAINT};	1253	if ${^TAINT};
1185		1254
1186	$VERBOSE = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1;	1255	$ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"} = $ENV{"AE_$_"}
		1256	for grep s/^AE_// && !exists $ENV{"PERL_ANYEVENT_$_"}, keys %ENV;
1187		1257
1188	}	1258	@ENV{grep /^PERL_ANYEVENT_/, keys %ENV} = ()
		1259	if ${^TAINT};
1189		1260
1190	our $MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY = 10;	1261	# $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx} now valid
1191		1262
1192	our %PROTOCOL; # (ipv4|ipv6) => (1|2), higher numbers are preferred	1263	$VERBOSE = length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE} ? $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE}*1 : 4;
1193		1264
1194	{
1195	my $idx;	1265	my $idx;
1196	$PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx	1266	$PROTOCOL{$_} = ++$idx
1197	for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,	1267	for reverse split /\s*,\s*/,
1198	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";	1268	$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS} || "ipv4,ipv6";
1199	}	1269	}
1200		1270
		1271	our @post_detect;
		1272
		1273	sub post_detect(&) {
		1274	my ($cb) = @_;
		1275
		1276	push @post_detect, $cb;
		1277
		1278	defined wantarray
		1279	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
		1280	: ()
		1281	}
		1282
		1283	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
		1284	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
		1285	}
		1286
		1287	our $POSTPONE_W;
		1288	our @POSTPONE;
		1289
		1290	sub _postpone_exec {
		1291	undef $POSTPONE_W;
		1292
		1293	&{ shift @POSTPONE }
		1294	while @POSTPONE;
		1295	}
		1296
		1297	sub postpone(&) {
		1298	push @POSTPONE, shift;
		1299
		1300	$POSTPONE_W ||= AE::timer (0, 0, \&_postpone_exec);
		1301
		1302	()
		1303	}
		1304
		1305	sub log($$;@) {
		1306	# only load the big bloated module when we actually are about to log something
		1307	if ($_[0] <= ($VERBOSE || 1)) { # also catches non-numeric levels(!) and fatal
		1308	local ($!, $@);
		1309	require AnyEvent::Log; # among other things, sets $VERBOSE to 9
		1310	# AnyEvent::Log overwrites this function
		1311	goto &log;
		1312	}
		1313
		1314	0 # not logged
		1315	}
		1316
		1317	sub _logger($;$) {
		1318	my ($level, $renabled) = @_;
		1319
		1320	$$renabled = $level <= $VERBOSE;
		1321
		1322	my $logger = [(caller)[0], $level, $renabled];
		1323
		1324	$AnyEvent::Log::LOGGER{$logger+0} = $logger;
		1325
		1326	# return unless defined wantarray;
		1327	#
		1328	# require AnyEvent::Util;
		1329	# my $guard = AnyEvent::Util::guard (sub {
		1330	# # "clean up"
		1331	# delete $LOGGER{$logger+0};
		1332	# });
		1333	#
		1334	# sub {
		1335	# return 0 unless $$renabled;
		1336	#
		1337	# $guard if 0; # keep guard alive, but don't cause runtime overhead
		1338	# require AnyEvent::Log unless $AnyEvent::Log::VERSION;
		1339	# package AnyEvent::Log;
		1340	# _log ($logger->[0], $level, @_) # logger->[0] has been converted at load time
		1341	# }
		1342	}
		1343
		1344	if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG}) {
		1345	require AnyEvent::Log; # AnyEvent::Log does the thing for us
		1346	}
		1347
1201	my @models = (	1348	our @models = (
1202	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV:: , 1],	1349	[EV:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EV::],
1203	[AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl:: , 1],	1350	[AnyEvent::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Perl::],
1204	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed	1351	# everything below here will not (normally) be autoprobed
1205	# as the pureperl backend should work everywhere	1352	# as the pure perl backend should work everywhere
1206	# and is usually faster	1353	# and is usually faster
		1354	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package, so msut be near the top
1207	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::, 1],	1355	[Event:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Event::], # slow, stable
1208	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib:: , 1], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers	1356	[Glib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Glib::], # becomes extremely slow with many watchers
		1357	# everything below here should not be autoloaded
1209	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy	1358	[Event::Lib:: => AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib::], # too buggy
1210	[Irssi:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Irssi::], # Irssi has a bogus "Event" package
1211	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles	1359	[Tk:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Tk::], # crashes with many handles
1212	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program	1360	[Qt:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Qt::], # requires special main program
1213	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza	1361	[POE::Kernel:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::], # lasciate ogni speranza
1214	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1362	[Wx:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1215	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],	1363	[Prima:: => AnyEvent::Impl::POE::],
1216	# IO::Async is just too broken - we would need workarounds for its	1364	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # a bitch to autodetect
1217	# byzantine signal and broken child handling, among others.	1365	[Cocoa::EventLoop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::Cocoa::],
1218	# IO::Async is rather hard to detect, as it doesn't have any	1366	[FLTK:: => AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK::],
1219	# obvious default class.
1220	[IO::Async:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1221	[IO::Async::Loop:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1222	[IO::Async::Notifier:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1223	[AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync:: => AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync::], # requires special main program
1224	);	1367	);
1225		1368
1226	our %method = map +($_ => 1),	1369	our @isa_hook;
		1370
		1371	sub _isa_set {
		1372	my @pkg = ("AnyEvent", (map $_->[0], grep defined, @isa_hook), $MODEL);
		1373
		1374	@{"$pkg[$_-1]::ISA"} = $pkg[$_]
		1375	for 1 .. $#pkg;
		1376
		1377	grep $_ && $_->[1], @isa_hook
		1378	and AE::_reset ();
		1379	}
		1380
		1381	# used for hooking AnyEvent::Strict and AnyEvent::Debug::Wrap into the class hierarchy
		1382	sub _isa_hook($$;$) {
		1383	my ($i, $pkg, $reset_ae) = @_;
		1384
		1385	$isa_hook[$i] = $pkg ? [$pkg, $reset_ae] : undef;
		1386
		1387	_isa_set;
		1388	}
		1389
		1390	# all autoloaded methods reserve the complete glob, not just the method slot.
		1391	# due to bugs in perls method cache implementation.
1227	qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar one_event DESTROY);	1392	our @methods = qw(io timer time now now_update signal child idle condvar);
1228
1229	our @post_detect;
1230
1231	sub post_detect(&) {
1232	my ($cb) = @_;
1233
1234	push @post_detect, $cb;
1235
1236	defined wantarray
1237	? bless \$cb, "AnyEvent::Util::postdetect"
1238	: ()
1239	}
1240
1241	sub AnyEvent::Util::postdetect::DESTROY {
1242	@post_detect = grep $_ != ${$_[0]}, @post_detect;
1243	}
1244		1393
1245	sub detect() {	1394	sub detect() {
		1395	return $MODEL if $MODEL; # some programs keep references to detect
		1396
		1397	# IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent is extremely evil, refuse to work with it
		1398	# the author knows about the problems and what it does to AnyEvent as a whole
		1399	# (and the ability of others to use AnyEvent), but simply wants to abuse AnyEvent
		1400	# anyway.
		1401	AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: IO::Async::Loop::AnyEvent detected - that module is broken by\n"
		1402	. "design, abuses internals and breaks AnyEvent - will not continue."
		1403	if exists $INC{"IO/Async/Loop/AnyEvent.pm"};
		1404
		1405	local $!; # for good measure
		1406	local $SIG{__DIE__}; # we use eval
		1407
1246	# free some memory	1408	# free some memory
1247	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };	1409	*detect = sub () { $MODEL };
		1410	# undef &func doesn't correctly update the method cache. grmbl.
		1411	# so we delete the whole glob. grmbl.
		1412	# otoh, perl doesn't let me undef an active usb, but it lets me free
		1413	# a glob with an active sub. hrm. i hope it works, but perl is
		1414	# usually buggy in this department. sigh.
		1415	delete @{"AnyEvent::"}{@methods};
		1416	undef @methods;
1248		1417
1249	local $!; # for good measure
1250	local $SIG{__DIE__};
1251
1252	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z]+)$/) {	1418	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL} =~ /^([a-zA-Z0-9:]+)$/) {
1253	my $model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$1";	1419	my $model = $1;
		1420	$model = "AnyEvent::Impl::$model" unless $model =~ s/::$//;
1254	if (eval "require $model") {	1421	if (eval "require $model") {
		1422	AnyEvent::log 7 => "loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.";
1255	$MODEL = $model;	1423	$MODEL = $model;
1256	warn "AnyEvent: loaded model '$model' (forced by \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}), using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1257	} else {	1424	} else {
1258	warn "AnyEvent: unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@" if $VERBOSE;	1425	AnyEvent::log 4 => "unable to load model '$model' (from \$ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL}):\n$@";
1259	}	1426	}
1260	}	1427	}
1261		1428
1262	# check for already loaded models	1429	# check for already loaded models
1263	unless ($MODEL) {	1430	unless ($MODEL) {
1264	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {	1431	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1265	my ($package, $model) = @$_;	1432	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
1266	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {	1433	if (${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0) {
1267	if (eval "require $model") {	1434	if (eval "require $model") {
		1435	AnyEvent::log 7 => "autodetected model '$model', using it.";
1268	$MODEL = $model;	1436	$MODEL = $model;
1269	warn "AnyEvent: autodetected model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;	1437	last;
		1438	} else {
		1439	AnyEvent::log 8 => "detected event loop $package, but cannot load '$model', skipping: $@";
		1440	}
		1441	}
		1442	}
		1443
		1444	unless ($MODEL) {
		1445	# try to autoload a model
		1446	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
		1447	my ($package, $model) = @$_;
		1448	if (
		1449	eval "require $package"
		1450	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
		1451	and eval "require $model"
		1452	) {
		1453	AnyEvent::log 7 => "autoloaded model '$model', using it.";
		1454	$MODEL = $model;
1270	last;	1455	last;
1271	}	1456	}
1272	}	1457	}
1273	}
1274
1275	unless ($MODEL) {
1276	# try to autoload a model
1277	for (@REGISTRY, @models) {
1278	my ($package, $model, $autoload) = @$_;
1279	if (
1280	$autoload
1281	and eval "require $package"
1282	and ${"$package\::VERSION"} > 0
1283	and eval "require $model"
1284	) {
1285	$MODEL = $model;
1286	warn "AnyEvent: autoloaded model '$model', using it.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 2;
1287	last;
1288	}
1289	}
1290		1458
1291	$MODEL	1459	$MODEL
1292	or die "No event module selected for AnyEvent and autodetect failed. Install any one of these modules: EV, Event or Glib.\n";	1460	or AnyEvent::log fatal => "AnyEvent: backend autodetection failed - did you properly install AnyEvent?";
1293	}	1461	}
1294	}	1462	}
1295		1463
1296	@models = (); # free probe data	1464	# free memory only needed for probing
		1465	undef @models;
		1466	undef @REGISTRY;
1297		1467
1298	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";	1468	push @{"$MODEL\::ISA"}, "AnyEvent::Base";
1299	unshift @ISA, $MODEL;
1300		1469
1301	# now nuke some methods that are overriden by the backend.	1470	# now nuke some methods that are overridden by the backend.
1302	# SUPER is not allowed.	1471	# SUPER usage is not allowed in these.
1303	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {	1472	for (qw(time signal child idle)) {
1304	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}	1473	undef &{"AnyEvent::Base::$_"}
1305	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};	1474	if defined &{"$MODEL\::$_"};
1306	}	1475	}
1307		1476
1308	require AnyEvent::Strict if $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT};	1477	_isa_set;
		1478
		1479	# we're officially open!
		1480
		1481	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT}) {
		1482	require AnyEvent::Strict;
		1483	}
		1484
		1485	if ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP}) {
		1486	require AnyEvent::Debug;
		1487	AnyEvent::Debug::wrap ($ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP});
		1488	}
		1489
		1490	if (length $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL}) {
		1491	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		1492	require AnyEvent::Debug;
		1493
		1494	my $shell = $ENV{PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL};
		1495	$shell =~ s/\$\$/$$/g;
		1496
		1497	my ($host, $service) = AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport ($shell);
		1498	$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL = AnyEvent::Debug::shell ($host, $service);
		1499	}
		1500
		1501	# now the anyevent environment is set up as the user told us to, so
		1502	# call the actual user code - post detects
1309		1503
1310	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;	1504	(shift @post_detect)->() while @post_detect;
		1505	undef @post_detect;
1311		1506
1312	*post_detect = sub(&) {	1507	*post_detect = sub(&) {
1313	shift->();	1508	shift->();
1314		1509
1315	undef	1510	undef
1316	};	1511	};
1317		1512
1318	$MODEL	1513	$MODEL
1319	}	1514	}
1320		1515
1321	sub AUTOLOAD {	1516	for my $name (@methods) {
1322	(my $func = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*://;	1517	*$name = sub {
1323
1324	$method{$func}
1325	or Carp::croak "$func: not a valid AnyEvent class method";
1326
1327	detect;	1518	detect;
1328		1519	# we use goto because
1329	my $class = shift;	1520	# a) it makes the thunk more transparent
1330	$class->$func (@_);	1521	# b) it allows us to delete the thunk later
		1522	goto &{ UNIVERSAL::can AnyEvent => "SUPER::$name" }
		1523	};
1331	}	1524	}
1332		1525
1333	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends	1526	# utility function to dup a filehandle. this is used by many backends
1334	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually	1527	# to support binding more than one watcher per filehandle (they usually
1335	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).	1528	# allow only one watcher per fd, so we dup it to get a different one).
…		…
1359		1552
1360	package AE;	1553	package AE;
1361		1554
1362	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;	1555	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
1363		1556
		1557	sub _reset() {
		1558	eval q{
1364	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base	1559	# fall back to the main API by default - backends and AnyEvent::Base
1365	# implementations can overwrite these.	1560	# implementations can overwrite these.
1366		1561
1367	sub io($$$) {	1562	sub io($$$) {
1368	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])	1563	AnyEvent->io (fh => $_[0], poll => $_[1] ? "w" : "r", cb => $_[2])
1369	}	1564	}
1370		1565
1371	sub timer($$$) {	1566	sub timer($$$) {
1372	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])	1567	AnyEvent->timer (after => $_[0], interval => $_[1], cb => $_[2])
1373	}	1568	}
1374		1569
1375	sub signal($$) {	1570	sub signal($$) {
1376	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])	1571	AnyEvent->signal (signal => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
1377	}	1572	}
1378		1573
1379	sub child($$) {	1574	sub child($$) {
1380	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])	1575	AnyEvent->child (pid => $_[0], cb => $_[1])
1381	}	1576	}
1382		1577
1383	sub idle($) {	1578	sub idle($) {
1384	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0])	1579	AnyEvent->idle (cb => $_[0]);
1385	}	1580	}
1386		1581
1387	sub cv(;&) {	1582	sub cv(;&) {
1388	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())	1583	AnyEvent->condvar (@_ ? (cb => $_[0]) : ())
1389	}	1584	}
1390		1585
1391	sub now() {	1586	sub now() {
1392	AnyEvent->now	1587	AnyEvent->now
1393	}	1588	}
1394		1589
1395	sub now_update() {	1590	sub now_update() {
1396	AnyEvent->now_update	1591	AnyEvent->now_update
1397	}	1592	}
1398		1593
1399	sub time() {	1594	sub time() {
1400	AnyEvent->time	1595	AnyEvent->time
		1596	}
		1597
		1598	*postpone = \&AnyEvent::postpone;
		1599	*log = \&AnyEvent::log;
		1600	};
		1601	die if $@;
1401	}	1602	}
		1603
		1604	BEGIN { _reset }
1402		1605
1403	package AnyEvent::Base;	1606	package AnyEvent::Base;
1404		1607
1405	# default implementations for many methods	1608	# default implementations for many methods
1406		1609
1407	sub time {	1610	sub time {
1408	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}	1611	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1409	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes	1612	# probe for availability of Time::HiRes
1410	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {	1613	if (eval "use Time::HiRes (); Time::HiRes::time (); 1") {
1411	warn "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1614	*time = sub { Time::HiRes::time () };
1412	*AE::time = \&Time::HiRes::time;	1615	*AE::time = \& Time::HiRes::time ;
		1616	*now = \&time;
		1617	AnyEvent::log 8 => "AnyEvent: using Time::HiRes for sub-second timing accuracy.";
1413	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...	1618	# if (eval "use POSIX (); (POSIX::times())...
1414	} else {	1619	} else {
		1620	*time = sub { CORE::time };
		1621	*AE::time = sub (){ CORE::time };
		1622	*now = \&time;
1415	warn "AnyEvent: using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!\n" if $VERBOSE;	1623	AnyEvent::log 3 => "using built-in time(), WARNING, no sub-second resolution!";
1416	*AE::time = sub (){ time }; # epic fail
1417	}	1624	}
1418
1419	*time = sub { AE::time }; # different prototypes
1420	};	1625	};
1421	die if $@;	1626	die if $@;
1422		1627
1423	&time	1628	&time
1424	}	1629	}
1425		1630
1426	*now = \&time;	1631	*now = \&time;
1427
1428	sub now_update { }	1632	sub now_update { }
1429		1633
		1634	sub _poll {
		1635	Carp::croak "$AnyEvent::MODEL does not support blocking waits. Caught";
		1636	}
		1637
1430	# default implementation for ->condvar	1638	# default implementation for ->condvar
		1639	# in fact, the default should not be overwritten
1431		1640
1432	sub condvar {	1641	sub condvar {
1433	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}	1642	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1434	*condvar = sub {	1643	*condvar = sub {
1435	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"	1644	bless { @_ == 3 ? (_ae_cb => $_[2]) : () }, "AnyEvent::CondVar"
…		…
1513		1722
1514	sub signal {	1723	sub signal {
1515	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}	1724	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1516	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt	1725	# probe for availability of Async::Interrupt
1517	if (_have_async_interrupt) {	1726	if (_have_async_interrupt) {
1518	warn "AnyEvent: using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1727	AnyEvent::log 8 => "using Async::Interrupt for race-free signal handling.";
1519		1728
1520	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;	1729	$SIGPIPE_R = new Async::Interrupt::EventPipe;
1521	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;	1730	$SIG_IO = AE::io $SIGPIPE_R->fileno, 0, \&_signal_exec;
1522		1731
1523	} else {	1732	} else {
1524	warn "AnyEvent: using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.\n" if $VERBOSE >= 8;	1733	AnyEvent::log 8 => "using emulated perl signal handling with latency timer.";
1525		1734
1526	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {	1735	if (AnyEvent::WIN32) {
1527	require AnyEvent::Util;	1736	require AnyEvent::Util;
1528		1737
1529	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();	1738	($SIGPIPE_R, $SIGPIPE_W) = AnyEvent::Util::portable_pipe ();
…		…
1605	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;	1814	: sysread $SIGPIPE_R, (my $dummy), 9;
1606		1815
1607	while (%SIG_EV) {	1816	while (%SIG_EV) {
1608	for (keys %SIG_EV) {	1817	for (keys %SIG_EV) {
1609	delete $SIG_EV{$_};	1818	delete $SIG_EV{$_};
1610	$_->() for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} };	1819	&$_ for values %{ $SIG_CB{$_} || {} };
1611	}	1820	}
1612	}	1821	}
1613	};	1822	};
1614	};	1823	};
1615	die if $@;	1824	die if $@;
…		…
1620	# default implementation for ->child	1829	# default implementation for ->child
1621		1830
1622	our %PID_CB;	1831	our %PID_CB;
1623	our $CHLD_W;	1832	our $CHLD_W;
1624	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;	1833	our $CHLD_DELAY_W;
1625	our $WNOHANG;
1626		1834
1627	# used by many Impl's	1835	# used by many Impl's
1628	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {	1836	sub _emit_childstatus($$) {
1629	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;	1837	my (undef, $rpid, $rstatus) = @_;
1630		1838
…		…
1637	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}	1845	eval q{ # poor man's autoloading {}
1638	*_sigchld = sub {	1846	*_sigchld = sub {
1639	my $pid;	1847	my $pid;
1640		1848
1641	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)	1849	AnyEvent->_emit_childstatus ($pid, $?)
1642	while ($pid = waitpid -1, $WNOHANG) > 0;	1850	while ($pid = waitpid -1, WNOHANG) > 0;
1643	};	1851	};
1644		1852
1645	*child = sub {	1853	*child = sub {
1646	my (undef, %arg) = @_;	1854	my (undef, %arg) = @_;
1647		1855
1648	defined (my $pid = $arg{pid} + 0)	1856	my $pid = $arg{pid};
1649	or Carp::croak "required option 'pid' is missing";	1857	my $cb = $arg{cb};
1650		1858
1651	$PID_CB{$pid}{$arg{cb}} = $arg{cb};	1859	$PID_CB{$pid}{$cb+0} = $cb;
1652
1653	# WNOHANG is almost cetrainly 1 everywhere
1654	$WNOHANG ||= $^O =~ /^(?:openbsd|netbsd|linux|freebsd|cygwin|MSWin32)$/
1655	? 1
1656	: eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; require POSIX; &POSIX::WNOHANG } || 1;
1657		1860
1658	unless ($CHLD_W) {	1861	unless ($CHLD_W) {
1659	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;	1862	$CHLD_W = AE::signal CHLD => \&_sigchld;
1660	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round	1863	# child could be a zombie already, so make at least one round
1661	&_sigchld;	1864	&_sigchld;
1662	}	1865	}
1663		1866
1664	bless [$pid, $arg{cb}], "AnyEvent::Base::child"	1867	bless [$pid, $cb+0], "AnyEvent::Base::child"
1665	};	1868	};
1666		1869
1667	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {	1870	*AnyEvent::Base::child::DESTROY = sub {
1668	my ($pid, $cb) = @{$_[0]};	1871	my ($pid, $icb) = @{$_[0]};
1669		1872
1670	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$cb};	1873	delete $PID_CB{$pid}{$icb};
1671	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };	1874	delete $PID_CB{$pid} unless keys %{ $PID_CB{$pid} };
1672		1875
1673	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;	1876	undef $CHLD_W unless keys %PID_CB;
1674	};	1877	};
1675	};	1878	};
…		…
1688		1891
1689	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};	1892	my ($cb, $w, $rcb) = $arg{cb};
1690		1893
1691	$rcb = sub {	1894	$rcb = sub {
1692	if ($cb) {	1895	if ($cb) {
1693	$w = _time;	1896	$w = AE::time;
1694	&$cb;	1897	&$cb;
1695	$w = _time - $w;	1898	$w = AE::time - $w;
1696		1899
1697	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,	1900	# never use more then 50% of the time for the idle watcher,
1698	# within some limits	1901	# within some limits
1699	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;	1902	$w = 0.0001 if $w < 0.0001;
1700	$w = 5 if $w > 5;	1903	$w = 5 if $w > 5;
…		…
1723		1926
1724	package AnyEvent::CondVar;	1927	package AnyEvent::CondVar;
1725		1928
1726	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;	1929	our @ISA = AnyEvent::CondVar::Base::;
1727		1930
		1931	# only to be used for subclassing
		1932	sub new {
		1933	my $class = shift;
		1934	bless AnyEvent->condvar (@_), $class
		1935	}
		1936
1728	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;	1937	package AnyEvent::CondVar::Base;
1729		1938
1730	#use overload	1939	#use overload
1731	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },	1940	# '&{}' => sub { my $self = shift; sub { $self->send (@_) } },
1732	# fallback => 1;	1941	# fallback => 1;
…		…
1741		1950
1742	sub _send {	1951	sub _send {
1743	# nop	1952	# nop
1744	}	1953	}
1745		1954
		1955	sub _wait {
		1956	AnyEvent->_poll until $_[0]{_ae_sent};
		1957	}
		1958
1746	sub send {	1959	sub send {
1747	my $cv = shift;	1960	my $cv = shift;
1748	$cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_];	1961	$cv->{_ae_sent} = [@_];
1749	(delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb};	1962	(delete $cv->{_ae_cb})->($cv) if $cv->{_ae_cb};
1750	$cv->_send;	1963	$cv->_send;
…		…
1757		1970
1758	sub ready {	1971	sub ready {
1759	$_[0]{_ae_sent}	1972	$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1760	}	1973	}
1761		1974
1762	sub _wait {
1763	$WAITING
1764	and !$_[0]{_ae_sent}
1765	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait detected";
1766
1767	local $WAITING = 1;
1768	AnyEvent->one_event while !$_[0]{_ae_sent};
1769	}
1770
1771	sub recv {	1975	sub recv {
		1976	unless ($_[0]{_ae_sent}) {
		1977	$WAITING
		1978	and Carp::croak "AnyEvent::CondVar: recursive blocking wait attempted";
		1979
		1980	local $WAITING = 1;
1772	$_[0]->_wait;	1981	$_[0]->_wait;
		1982	}
1773		1983
1774	Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak} if $_[0]{_ae_croak};	1984	$_[0]{_ae_croak}
1775	wantarray ? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} } : $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]	1985	and Carp::croak $_[0]{_ae_croak};
		1986
		1987	wantarray
		1988	? @{ $_[0]{_ae_sent} }
		1989	: $_[0]{_ae_sent}[0]
1776	}	1990	}
1777		1991
1778	sub cb {	1992	sub cb {
1779	my $cv = shift;	1993	my $cv = shift;
1780		1994
…		…
1796	&{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } };	2010	&{ $_[0]{_ae_end_cb} || sub { $_[0]->send } };
1797	}	2011	}
1798		2012
1799	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4	2013	# undocumented/compatibility with pre-3.4
1800	*broadcast = \&send;	2014	*broadcast = \&send;
1801	*wait = \&_wait;	2015	*wait = \&recv;
1802		2016
1803	=head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING	2017	=head1 ERROR AND EXCEPTION HANDLING
1804		2018
1805	In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the	2019	In general, AnyEvent does not do any error handling - it relies on the
1806	caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also	2020	caller to do that if required. The L<AnyEvent::Strict> module (see also
…		…
1818	$Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and	2032	$Event/EV::DIED->() >>, L<Glib> uses C<< install_exception_handler >> and
1819	so on.	2033	so on.
1820		2034
1821	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES	2035	=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
1822		2036
1823	The following environment variables are used by this module or its	2037	AnyEvent supports a number of environment variables that tune the
1824	submodules.	2038	runtime behaviour. They are usually evaluated when AnyEvent is
		2039	loaded, initialised, or a submodule that uses them is loaded. Many of
		2040	them also cause AnyEvent to load additional modules - for example,
		2041	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP> causes the L<AnyEvent::Debug> module to be
		2042	loaded.
1825		2043
1826	Note that AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment variables starting with	2044	All the environment variables documented here start with
1827	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> when it is loaded while taint mode is	2045	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_>, which is what AnyEvent considers its own
1828	enabled.	2046	namespace. Other modules are encouraged (but by no means required) to use
		2047	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_SUBMODULE> if they have registered the AnyEvent::Submodule
		2048	namespace on CPAN, for any submodule. For example, L<AnyEvent::HTTP> could
		2049	be expected to use C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HTTP_PROXY> (it should not access env
		2050	variables starting with C<AE_>, see below).
		2051
		2052	All variables can also be set via the C<AE_> prefix, that is, instead
		2053	of setting C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> you can also set C<AE_VERBOSE>. In
		2054	case there is a clash btween anyevent and another program that uses
		2055	C<AE_something> you can set the corresponding C<PERL_ANYEVENT_something>
		2056	variable to the empty string, as those variables take precedence.
		2057
		2058	When AnyEvent is first loaded, it copies all C<AE_xxx> env variables
		2059	to their C<PERL_ANYEVENT_xxx> counterpart unless that variable already
		2060	exists. If taint mode is on, then AnyEvent will remove I<all> environment
		2061	variables starting with C<PERL_ANYEVENT_> from C<%ENV> (or replace them
		2062	with C<undef> or the empty string, if the corresaponding C<AE_> variable
		2063	is set).
		2064
		2065	The exact algorithm is currently:
		2066
		2067	1. if taint mode enabled, delete all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables from %ENV
		2068	2. copy over AE_xyz to PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz unless the latter alraedy exists
		2069	3. if taint mode enabled, set all PERL_ANYEVENT_xyz variables to undef.
		2070
		2071	This ensures that child processes will not see the C<AE_> variables.
		2072
		2073	The following environment variables are currently known to AnyEvent:
1829		2074
1830	=over 4	2075	=over 4
1831		2076
1832	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>	2077	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE>
1833		2078
1834	By default, AnyEvent will be completely silent except in fatal	2079	By default, AnyEvent will log messages with loglevel C<4> (C<error>) or
1835	conditions. You can set this environment variable to make AnyEvent more	2080	higher (see L<AnyEvent::Log>). You can set this environment variable to a
1836	talkative.	2081	numerical loglevel to make AnyEvent more (or less) talkative.
1837		2082
		2083	If you want to do more than just set the global logging level
		2084	you should have a look at C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>, which allows much more
		2085	complex specifications.
		2086
		2087	When set to C<0> (C<off>), then no messages whatsoever will be logged with
		2088	everything else at defaults.
		2089
1838	When set to C<1> or higher, causes AnyEvent to warn about unexpected	2090	When set to C<5> or higher (C<warn>), AnyEvent warns about unexpected
1839	conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by	2091	conditions, such as not being able to load the event model specified by
1840	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>.	2092	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>, or a guard callback throwing an exception - this
		2093	is the minimum recommended level for use during development.
1841		2094
1842	When set to C<2> or higher, cause AnyEvent to report to STDERR which event	2095	When set to C<7> or higher (info), AnyEvent reports which event model it
1843	model it chooses.	2096	chooses.
1844		2097
1845	When set to C<8> or higher, then AnyEvent will report extra information on	2098	When set to C<8> or higher (debug), then AnyEvent will report extra
1846	which optional modules it loads and how it implements certain features.	2099	information on which optional modules it loads and how it implements
		2100	certain features.
		2101
		2102	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG>
		2103
		2104	Accepts rather complex logging specifications. For example, you could log
		2105	all C<debug> messages of some module to stderr, warnings and above to
		2106	stderr, and errors and above to syslog, with:
		2107
		2108	PERL_ANYEVENT_LOG=Some::Module=debug,+log:filter=warn,+%syslog:%syslog=error,syslog
		2109
		2110	For the rather extensive details, see L<AnyEvent::Log>.
		2111
		2112	This variable is evaluated when AnyEvent (or L<AnyEvent::Log>) is loaded,
		2113	so will take effect even before AnyEvent has initialised itself.
		2114
		2115	Note that specifying this environment variable causes the L<AnyEvent::Log>
		2116	module to be loaded, while C<PERL_ANYEVENT_VERBOSE> does not, so only
		2117	using the latter saves a few hundred kB of memory unless a module
		2118	explicitly needs the extra features of AnyEvent::Log.
1847		2119
1848	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>	2120	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT>
1849		2121
1850	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough	2122	AnyEvent does not do much argument checking by default, as thorough
1851	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value	2123	argument checking is very costly. Setting this variable to a true value
…		…
1853	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,	2125	check the arguments passed to most method calls. If it finds any problems,
1854	it will croak.	2126	it will croak.
1855		2127
1856	In other words, enables "strict" mode.	2128	In other words, enables "strict" mode.
1857		2129
1858	Unlike C<use strict> (or it's modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>	2130	Unlike C<use strict> (or its modern cousin, C<< use L<common::sense>
1859	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping	2131	>>, it is definitely recommended to keep it off in production. Keeping
1860	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs	2132	C<PERL_ANYEVENT_STRICT=1> in your environment while developing programs
1861	can be very useful, however.	2133	can be very useful, however.
1862		2134
		2135	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL>
		2136
		2137	If this env variable is nonempty, then its contents will be interpreted by
		2138	C<AnyEvent::Socket::parse_hostport> and C<AnyEvent::Debug::shell> (after
		2139	replacing every occurance of C<$$> by the process pid). The shell object
		2140	is saved in C<$AnyEvent::Debug::SHELL>.
		2141
		2142	This happens when the first watcher is created.
		2143
		2144	For example, to bind a debug shell on a unix domain socket in
		2145	F<< /tmp/debug<pid>.sock >>, you could use this:
		2146
		2147	PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=/tmp/debug\$\$.sock perlprog
		2148	# connect with e.g.: socat readline /tmp/debug123.sock
		2149
		2150	Or to bind to tcp port 4545 on localhost:
		2151
		2152	PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_SHELL=127.0.0.1:4545 perlprog
		2153	# connect with e.g.: telnet localhost 4545
		2154
		2155	Note that creating sockets in F</tmp> or on localhost is very unsafe on
		2156	multiuser systems.
		2157
		2158	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_DEBUG_WRAP>
		2159
		2160	Can be set to C<0>, C<1> or C<2> and enables wrapping of all watchers for
		2161	debugging purposes. See C<AnyEvent::Debug::wrap> for details.
		2162
1863	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>	2163	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL>
1864		2164
1865	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before	2165	This can be used to specify the event model to be used by AnyEvent, before
1866	auto detection and -probing kicks in. It must be a string consisting	2166	auto detection and -probing kicks in.
1867	entirely of ASCII letters. The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended	2167
		2168	It normally is a string consisting entirely of ASCII letters (e.g. C<EV>
		2169	or C<IOAsync>). The string C<AnyEvent::Impl::> gets prepended and the
1868	and the resulting module name is loaded and if the load was successful,	2170	resulting module name is loaded and - if the load was successful - used as
1869	used as event model. If it fails to load AnyEvent will proceed with	2171	event model backend. If it fails to load then AnyEvent will proceed with
1870	auto detection and -probing.	2172	auto detection and -probing.
1871		2173
1872	This functionality might change in future versions.	2174	If the string ends with C<::> instead (e.g. C<AnyEvent::Impl::EV::>) then
		2175	nothing gets prepended and the module name is used as-is (hint: C<::> at
		2176	the end of a string designates a module name and quotes it appropriately).
1873		2177
1874	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) you	2178	For example, to force the pure perl model (L<AnyEvent::Loop::Perl>) you
1875	could start your program like this:	2179	could start your program like this:
1876		2180
1877	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...	2181	PERL_ANYEVENT_MODEL=Perl perl ...
1878		2182
1879	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>	2183	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS>
…		…
1895	but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>	2199	but support both and try to use both. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv4>
1896	- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6	2200	- only support IPv4, never try to resolve or contact IPv6
1897	addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or	2201	addresses. C<PERL_ANYEVENT_PROTOCOLS=ipv6,ipv4> support either IPv4 or
1898	IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.	2202	IPv6, but prefer IPv6 over IPv4.
1899		2203
		2204	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_HOSTS>
		2205
		2206	This variable, if specified, overrides the F</etc/hosts> file used by
		2207	L<AnyEvent::Socket>C<::resolve_sockaddr>, i.e. hosts aliases will be read
		2208	from that file instead.
		2209
1900	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>	2210	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_EDNS0>
1901		2211
1902	Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension	2212	Used by L<AnyEvent::DNS> to decide whether to use the EDNS0 extension for
1903	for DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, but	2213	DNS. This extension is generally useful to reduce DNS traffic, especially
1904	some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS packets, which is why it is off by	2214	when DNSSEC is involved, but some (broken) firewalls drop such DNS
1905	default.	2215	packets, which is why it is off by default.
1906		2216
1907	Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce	2217	Setting this variable to C<1> will cause L<AnyEvent::DNS> to announce
1908	EDNS0 in its DNS requests.	2218	EDNS0 in its DNS requests.
1909		2219
1910	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>	2220	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_FORKS>
…		…
1916		2226
1917	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS	2227	The default value for the C<max_outstanding> parameter for the default DNS
1918	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are	2228	resolver - this is the maximum number of parallel DNS requests that are
1919	sent to the DNS server.	2229	sent to the DNS server.
1920		2230
		2231	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY>
		2232
		2233	Perl has inherently racy signal handling (you can basically choose between
		2234	losing signals and memory corruption) - pure perl event loops (including
		2235	C<AnyEvent::Loop>, when C<Async::Interrupt> isn't available) therefore
		2236	have to poll regularly to avoid losing signals.
		2237
		2238	Some event loops are racy, but don't poll regularly, and some event loops
		2239	are written in C but are still racy. For those event loops, AnyEvent
		2240	installs a timer that regularly wakes up the event loop.
		2241
		2242	By default, the interval for this timer is C<10> seconds, but you can
		2243	override this delay with this environment variable (or by setting
		2244	the C<$AnyEvent::MAX_SIGNAL_LATENCY> variable before creating signal
		2245	watchers).
		2246
		2247	Lower values increase CPU (and energy) usage, higher values can introduce
		2248	long delays when reaping children or waiting for signals.
		2249
		2250	The L<AnyEvent::Async> module, if available, will be used to avoid this
		2251	polling (with most event loops).
		2252
1921	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>	2253	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_RESOLV_CONF>
1922		2254
1923	The file to use instead of F</etc/resolv.conf> (or OS-specific	2255	The absolute path to a F<resolv.conf>-style file to use instead of
1924	configuration) in the default resolver. When set to the empty string, no	2256	F</etc/resolv.conf> (or the OS-specific configuration) in the default
1925	default config will be used.	2257	resolver, or the empty string to select the default configuration.
1926		2258
1927	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.	2259	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_FILE>, C<PERL_ANYEVENT_CA_PATH>.
1928		2260
1929	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during	2261	When neither C<ca_file> nor C<ca_path> was specified during
1930	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment	2262	L<AnyEvent::TLS> context creation, and either of these environment
1931	variables exist, they will be used to specify CA certificate locations	2263	variables are nonempty, they will be used to specify CA certificate
1932	instead of a system-dependent default.	2264	locations instead of a system-dependent default.
1933		2265
1934	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>	2266	=item C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_GUARD> and C<PERL_ANYEVENT_AVOID_ASYNC_INTERRUPT>
1935		2267
1936	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not	2268	When these are set to C<1>, then the respective modules are not
1937	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.	2269	loaded. Mostly good for testing AnyEvent itself.
…		…
2269	(even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable	2601	(even when used without AnyEvent), but most event loops have acceptable
2270	performance with or without AnyEvent.	2602	performance with or without AnyEvent.
2271		2603
2272	=item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of	2604	=item * The overhead AnyEvent adds is usually much smaller than the overhead of
2273	the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV	2605	the actual event loop, only with extremely fast event loops such as EV
2274	adds AnyEvent significant overhead.	2606	does AnyEvent add significant overhead.
2275		2607
2276	=item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or	2608	=item * You should avoid POE like the plague if you want performance or
2277	reasonable memory usage.	2609	reasonable memory usage.
2278		2610
2279	=back	2611	=back
…		…
2509	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};	2841	unless defined $SIG{PIPE};
2510		2842
2511	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES	2843	=head1 RECOMMENDED/OPTIONAL MODULES
2512		2844
2513	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and	2845	One of AnyEvent's main goals is to be 100% Pure-Perl(tm): only perl (and
2514	it's built-in modules) are required to use it.	2846	its built-in modules) are required to use it.
2515		2847
2516	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional	2848	That does not mean that AnyEvent won't take advantage of some additional
2517	modules if they are installed.	2849	modules if they are installed.
2518		2850
2519	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they	2851	This section explains which additional modules will be used, and how they
…		…
2577	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.	2909	the help of L<AnyEvent::TLS>), gains the ability to do TLS/SSL.
2578		2910
2579	=item L<Time::HiRes>	2911	=item L<Time::HiRes>
2580		2912
2581	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the	2913	This module is part of perl since release 5.008. It will be used when the
2582	chosen event library does not come with a timing source on it's own. The	2914	chosen event library does not come with a timing source of its own. The
2583	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>) will additionally use it to	2915	pure-perl event loop (L<AnyEvent::Loop>) will additionally load it to
2584	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.	2916	try to use a monotonic clock for timing stability.
2585		2917
2586	=back	2918	=back
2587		2919
2588		2920
…		…
2650	pronounced).	2982	pronounced).
2651		2983
2652		2984
2653	=head1 SEE ALSO	2985	=head1 SEE ALSO
2654		2986
2655	Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util>.	2987	Tutorial/Introduction: L<AnyEvent::Intro>.
2656		2988
2657	Event modules: L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>, L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>,	2989	FAQ: L<AnyEvent::FAQ>.
2658	L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>, L<Qt>, L<POE>.	2990
		2991	Utility functions: L<AnyEvent::Util> (misc. grab-bag), L<AnyEvent::Log>
		2992	(simply logging).
		2993
		2994	Development/Debugging: L<AnyEvent::Strict> (stricter checking),
		2995	L<AnyEvent::Debug> (interactive shell, watcher tracing).
		2996
		2997	Supported event modules: L<AnyEvent::Loop>, L<EV>, L<EV::Glib>,
		2998	L<Glib::EV>, L<Event>, L<Glib::Event>, L<Glib>, L<Tk>, L<Event::Lib>,
		2999	L<Qt>, L<POE>, L<FLTK>.
2659		3000
2660	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,	3001	Implementations: L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Event>,
2661	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,	3002	L<AnyEvent::Impl::Glib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Tk>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl>,
2662	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,	3003	L<AnyEvent::Impl::EventLib>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::Qt>,
2663	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>.	3004	L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>, L<AnyEvent::Impl::IOAsync>, L<Anyevent::Impl::Irssi>,
		3005	L<AnyEvent::Impl::FLTK>.
2664		3006
2665	Non-blocking file handles, sockets, TCP clients and	3007	Non-blocking handles, pipes, stream sockets, TCP clients and
2666	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.	3008	servers: L<AnyEvent::Handle>, L<AnyEvent::Socket>, L<AnyEvent::TLS>.
2667		3009
2668	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.	3010	Asynchronous DNS: L<AnyEvent::DNS>.
2669		3011
2670	Coroutine support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>,	3012	Thread support: L<Coro>, L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>.
2671	L<Coro::Event>,
2672		3013
2673	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::XMPP>,	3014	Nontrivial usage examples: L<AnyEvent::GPSD>, L<AnyEvent::IRC>,
2674	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.	3015	L<AnyEvent::HTTP>.
2675		3016
2676		3017
2677	=head1 AUTHOR	3018	=head1 AUTHOR
2678		3019

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