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Revision 1.202 by root, Sat Oct 16 02:01:54 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.234;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
64	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
65		81
66	=over 4	82	=over 4
67		83
68	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		85
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		87
72	=over 4	88	=over 4
73		89
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		91
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	95	that mode.
81		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		115
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
87		121
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	124	default timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		125
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		127
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		129
		130	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry>
		134	will continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed
		135	hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). At the
		136	time it is called the read and write queues, eof status, tls status and
		137	similar properties of the handle will have been reset.
		138
		139	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		140
		141	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		142
		143	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		144	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		145	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		146
		147	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		148	fatal error instead.
		149
		150	=back
		151
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	152	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		153
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	154	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	155	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	156	connect, or a read error.
105		157
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	158	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	159	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	160	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	161	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	162	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		163	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		164	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
111		165
		166	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		167	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		168	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		169	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		170
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	171	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	172	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	173	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	174	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		175
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	176	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	177	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		178	C<EPROTO>).
119		179
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	180	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	181	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
122	C<croak>.	182	C<croak>.
123		183
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	184	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125		185
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	186	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	187	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	188	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	189	read buffer).
130		190
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	191	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	192	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		193	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		194	the beginning from it.
133		195
		196	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		197	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		198
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	199	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	200	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	201	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	202	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
138		203
		204	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		205	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		206	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		207	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		208
		209	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		210
		211	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		212	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		213	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		214	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		215	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		216
		217	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		218	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		219	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		220	down.
		221
		222	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		223	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		224
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	225	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		226
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	227	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	228	(or immediately if the buffer is empty already).
143		229
144	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	230	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145		231
146	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	232	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	233	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	235	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	236	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		237
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	238	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		239
		240	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		241
		242	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		243
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	244	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	245	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	246	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	247	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		248	error will be raised).
158		249
		250	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently
		251	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		252	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		253	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		254	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		255
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	256	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	257	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	258	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	259	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
163	restart the timeout.	260	restart the timeout.
164		261
165	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	262	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
166		263
…		…
182	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	279	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
183	isn't finished).	280	isn't finished).
184		281
185	=item autocork => <boolean>	282	=item autocork => <boolean>
186		283
187	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	284	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
188	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	285	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
189	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	286	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
190	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	287	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
191	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	288	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
192	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	289	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
193		290
194	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	291	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
195	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	292	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
196	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	293	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
197	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	294	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
198		295
199	=item no_delay => <boolean>	296	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
203	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	300	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
204		301
205	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	302	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
206	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	303	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
207		304
208	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	305	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
209	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	306	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		307
		308	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		309
		310	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		311	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		312	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		313	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		314	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		315	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		316	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		317	to 15 minutes later.
		318
		319	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		320	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		321	is usually a good idea.
		322
		323	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		324
		325	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		326	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		327	implements it slightly differently.
		328
		329	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		330	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		331	putting it into the stream.
		332
		333	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		334	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		335	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		336	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		337	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		338	from most attacks.
210		339
211	=item read_size => <bytes>	340	=item read_size => <bytes>
212		341
213	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	342	The default read block size (the number of bytes this module will
214	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	343	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
215	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	344	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
216		345
217	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	346	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
218		347
219	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	348	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
220	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	349	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
221	considered empty.	350	considered empty.
222		351
223	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	352	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
224	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	353	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
225	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	354	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
226	is good in almost all cases.	355	is good in almost all cases.
227		356
228	=item linger => <seconds>	357	=item linger => <seconds>
229		358
230	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	359	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
231	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	360	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	361	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	362	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	363	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		364
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	365	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost.	366	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		367	help.
		368
		369	=item peername => $string
		370
		371	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		372	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		373
		374	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		375	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		376	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		377	C<undef>.
238		378
239	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	379	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
240		380
241	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	381	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
242	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	382	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
243	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	383	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		384
		385	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		386	appropriate error message.
244		387
245	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	388	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
246	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	389	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
247	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	390	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
248	to add the dependency yourself.	391	to add the dependency yourself.
…		…
252	mode.	395	mode.
253		396
254	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	397	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
255	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	398	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
256	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	399	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
257	AnyEvent::Handle.	400	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		401	object.
258		402
		403	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		404	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		405	away.
		406
		407	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		408	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		409	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		410	segmentation fault.
		411
259	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	412	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
260		413
261	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	414	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
262		415
263	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	416	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
264	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	417	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
265	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	418	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		419
		420	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		421	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		422	new TLS context object.
		423
		424	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		425
		426	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		427	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		428	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		429
		430	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		431	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		432
		433	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		434	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		435
		436	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		437	called as usual.
		438
		439	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		440	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		441	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		442
		443	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		444
		445	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		446	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		447	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		448	on the handle.
		449
		450	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		451	callback.
		452
		453	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		454	underlying handle signals EOF.
266		455
267	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	456	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
268		457
269	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	458	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
270		459
…		…
273	texts.	462	texts.
274		463
275	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	464	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
276	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	465	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
277		466
278	=item filter_r => $cb
279
280	=item filter_w => $cb
281
282	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
283	by the TLS code).
284
285	=back	467	=back
286		468
287	=cut	469	=cut
288		470
289	sub new {	471	sub new {
290	my $class = shift;	472	my $class = shift;
291
292	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	473	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
293		474
294	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	475	if ($self->{fh}) {
		476	$self->_start;
		477	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		478
		479	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		480	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		481
		482	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		483	unless exists $self->{peername};
		484
		485	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		486
		487	{
		488	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		489
		490	$self->{_connect} =
		491	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		492	$self->{connect}[0],
		493	$self->{connect}[1],
		494	sub {
		495	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		496
		497	if ($fh) {
		498	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		499
		500	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		501	$self->_start;
		502
		503	$self->{on_connect}
		504	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		505	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		506	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		507	&$retry;
		508	});
		509
		510	} else {
		511	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		512	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		513	$self->destroy;
		514	} else {
		515	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		516	}
		517	}
		518	},
		519	sub {
		520	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		521
		522	$self->{on_prepare}
		523	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		524	: ()
		525	}
		526	);
		527	}
		528
		529	} else {
		530	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		531	}
		532
		533	$self
		534	}
		535
		536	sub _start {
		537	my ($self) = @_;
		538
		539	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		540	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		541	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		542	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		543	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
295		544
296	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	545	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
297		546
298	if ($self->{tls}) {	547	$self->{_activity} =
299	require Net::SSLeay;	548	$self->{_ractivity} =
		549	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		550
		551	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		552	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		553	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		554
		555	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		556	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		557
		558	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		559
300	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	560	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
301	}	561	if $self->{tls};
302		562
303	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
304	$self->_timeout;
305
306	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	563	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
307	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
308		564
309	$self->start_read	565	$self->start_read
310	if $self->{on_read};	566	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
311		567
312	$self	568	$self->_drain_wbuf;
313	}
314
315	sub _shutdown {
316	my ($self) = @_;
317
318	delete $self->{_tw};
319	delete $self->{_rw};
320	delete $self->{_ww};
321	delete $self->{fh};
322
323	$self->stoptls;
324
325	delete $self->{on_read};
326	delete $self->{_queue};
327	}	569	}
328		570
329	sub _error {	571	sub _error {
330	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	572	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
331
332	$self->_shutdown
333	if $fatal;
334		573
335	$! = $errno;	574	$! = $errno;
		575	$message ||= "$!";
336		576
337	if ($self->{on_error}) {	577	if ($self->{on_error}) {
338	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	578	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
339	} else {	579	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		580	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		581	$self->destroy;
340	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	582	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
341	}	583	}
342	}	584	}
343		585
344	=item $fh = $handle->fh	586	=item $fh = $handle->fh
345		587
…		…
369	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	611	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
370	}	612	}
371		613
372	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	614	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
373		615
374	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	616	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
375	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
376	argument and method.
377		617
378	=cut	618	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
379		619
380	sub on_timeout {	620	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
381	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	621	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
382	}	622	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		623
		624	=cut
		625
		626	# see below
383		627
384	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	628	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
385		629
386	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	630	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
387	constructor argument).	631	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
388		632
389	=cut	633	=cut
		634
		635	sub autocork {
		636	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		637	}
390		638
391	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	639	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
392		640
393	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	641	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
394	the same name for details).	642	the same name for details).
…		…
396	=cut	644	=cut
397		645
398	sub no_delay {	646	sub no_delay {
399	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	647	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
400		648
		649	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		650	if $_[0]{fh};
		651	}
		652
		653	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		654
		655	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		656	the same name for details).
		657
		658	=cut
		659
		660	sub keepalive {
		661	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		662
401	eval {	663	eval {
402	local $SIG{__DIE__};	664	local $SIG{__DIE__};
403	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	665	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		666	if $_[0]{fh};
404	};	667	};
405	}	668	}
406		669
		670	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		671
		672	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		673	the same name for details).
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	sub oobinline {
		678	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		679
		680	eval {
		681	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		682	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		683	if $_[0]{fh};
		684	};
		685	}
		686
		687	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		688
		689	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		690	the same name for details).
		691
		692	=cut
		693
		694	sub keepalive {
		695	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		696
		697	eval {
		698	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		699	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		700	if $_[0]{fh};
		701	};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		705
		706	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub on_starttls {
		711	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		712	}
		713
		714	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		715
		716	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		717
		718	=cut
		719
		720	sub on_stoptls {
		721	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		722	}
		723
		724	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		725
		726	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		727
		728	=cut
		729
		730	sub rbuf_max {
		731	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		732	}
		733
407	#############################################################################	734	#############################################################################
408		735
409	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	736	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
410		737
		738	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		739
		740	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		741
411	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	742	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
412		743
413	=cut	744	=item $handle->timeout_reset
414		745
415	sub timeout {	746	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		747
		748	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		749
		750	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		751
		752	These methods are cheap to call.
		753
		754	=cut
		755
		756	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		757	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		758	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		759	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		760	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		761	my $cb;
		762
		763	*$on_timeout = sub {
		764	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		765	};
		766
		767	*$timeout = sub {
416	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	768	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
417		769
		770	$new_value >= 0
		771	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		772
418	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	773	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
419	$self->_timeout;	774	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
420	}	775	};
421		776
		777	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		778	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		779	};
		780
		781	# main workhorse:
422	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	782	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
423	# also check for time-outs	783	# also check for time-outs
424	sub _timeout {	784	$cb = sub {
425	my ($self) = @_;	785	my ($self) = @_;
426		786
427	if ($self->{timeout}) {	787	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
428	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	788	my $NOW = AE::now;
429		789
430	# when would the timeout trigger?	790	# when would the timeout trigger?
431	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	791	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
432		792
433	# now or in the past already?	793	# now or in the past already?
434	if ($after <= 0) {	794	if ($after <= 0) {
435	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	795	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
436		796
437	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	797	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
438	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	798	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
439	} else {	799	} else {
440	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	800	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		801	}
		802
		803	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		804	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		805
		806	# calculate new after
		807	$after = $self->{$timeout};
441	}	808	}
442		809
443	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	810	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
444	return unless $self->{timeout};	811	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
445		812
446	# calculate new after	813	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
447	$after = $self->{timeout};	814	delete $self->{$tw};
		815	$cb->($self);
		816	};
		817	} else {
		818	delete $self->{$tw};
448	}	819	}
449
450	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
451	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
452
453	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	$self->_timeout;
456	});
457	} else {
458	delete $self->{_tw};
459	}	820	}
460	}	821	}
461		822
462	#############################################################################	823	#############################################################################
463		824
…		…
479	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	840	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
480		841
481	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	842	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
482	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	843	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
483		844
		845	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		846	destroyed after it returns).
		847
484	=cut	848	=cut
485		849
486	sub on_drain {	850	sub on_drain {
487	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	851	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
488		852
489	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	853	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
490		854
491	$cb->($self)	855	$cb->($self)
492	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	856	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
493	}	857	}
494		858
495	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	859	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
496		860
497	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	861	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
498	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	862	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
499	buffers it independently of the kernel.	863	buffers it independently of the kernel.
500		864
		865	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		866	destroyed after it returns).
		867
501	=cut	868	=cut
502		869
503	sub _drain_wbuf {	870	sub _drain_wbuf {
504	my ($self) = @_;	871	my ($self) = @_;
505		872
…		…
508	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	875	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
509		876
510	my $cb = sub {	877	my $cb = sub {
511	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	878	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
512		879
513	if ($len >= 0) {	880	if (defined $len) {
514	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	881	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
515		882
516	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	883	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
517		884
518	$self->{on_drain}($self)	885	$self->{on_drain}($self)
519	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	886	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
520	&& $self->{on_drain};	887	&& $self->{on_drain};
521		888
522	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	889	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
523	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	890	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
524	$self->_error ($!, 1);	891	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
527		894
528	# try to write data immediately	895	# try to write data immediately
529	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	896	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
530		897
531	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	898	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
532	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	899	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
533	if length $self->{wbuf};	900	if length $self->{wbuf};
534	};	901	};
535	}	902	}
536		903
537	our %WH;	904	our %WH;
538		905
		906	# deprecated
539	sub register_write_type($$) {	907	sub register_write_type($$) {
540	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	908	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
541	}	909	}
542		910
543	sub push_write {	911	sub push_write {
544	my $self = shift;	912	my $self = shift;
545		913
546	if (@_ > 1) {	914	if (@_ > 1) {
547	my $type = shift;	915	my $type = shift;
548		916
		917	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
549	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	918	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
550	->($self, @_);	919	->($self, @_);
551	}	920	}
552		921
		922	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		923	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		924
553	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	925	if ($self->{tls}) {
554	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	926	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		927	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
555	} else {	928	} else {
556	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	929	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	$self->_drain_wbuf;	930	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
558	}	931	}
559	}	932	}
560		933
561	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	934	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
562		935
563	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	936	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
564	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	937	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		938	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		939	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		940	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
565		941
566	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	942	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
567	drop by and tell us):	943	drop by and tell us):
568		944
569	=over 4	945	=over 4
…		…
576	=cut	952	=cut
577		953
578	register_write_type netstring => sub {	954	register_write_type netstring => sub {
579	my ($self, $string) = @_;	955	my ($self, $string) = @_;
580		956
581	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	957	(length $string) . ":$string,"
582	};	958	};
583		959
584	=item packstring => $format, $data	960	=item packstring => $format, $data
585		961
586	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	962	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
626	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1002	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
627	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1003	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
628		1004
629	=cut	1005	=cut
630		1006
		1007	sub json_coder() {
		1008	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1009	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1010	}
		1011
631	register_write_type json => sub {	1012	register_write_type json => sub {
632	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1013	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
633		1014
634	require JSON;	1015	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
635		1016
636	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1017	$json->encode ($ref)
637	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
638	};	1018	};
639		1019
640	=item storable => $reference	1020	=item storable => $reference
641		1021
642	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1022	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
652	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1032	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
653	};	1033	};
654		1034
655	=back	1035	=back
656		1036
657	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1037	=item $handle->push_shutdown
658		1038
659	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1039	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1040	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1041	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1042	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1043	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1044
		1045	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1046
		1047	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1048	the peer.
		1049
		1050	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1051	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1052
		1053	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1054	destroyed after it returns).
		1055
		1056	=cut
		1057
		1058	sub push_shutdown {
		1059	my ($self) = @_;
		1060
		1061	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1062	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1063	}
		1064
		1065	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1066
		1067	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1068	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1069	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1070	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1071	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1072
660	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1073	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
661	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1074	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
662		1075
663	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1076	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
664	be appended to the write buffer.	1077	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1078	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
665		1079
666	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1080	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
667	global, so try to use unique names.	1081	arguments using the first one.
		1082
		1083	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1084
		1085	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1086	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1087	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1088
		1089	package My::Type;
		1090
		1091	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1092	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1093
		1094	join $delim, @args
		1095	}
668		1096
669	=cut	1097	=cut
670		1098
671	#############################################################################	1099	#############################################################################
672		1100
…		…
681	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1109	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
682	a queue.	1110	a queue.
683		1111
684	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1112	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
685	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1113	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
686	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1114	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
687	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1115	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
688	partial message has been received so far).	1116	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1117	e.g. C<push_read>.
689		1118
690	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1119	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
691	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1120	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
692	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1121	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
693	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1122	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
694		1123
695	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1124	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
696	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1125	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
697		1126
…		…
754	=cut	1183	=cut
755		1184
756	sub _drain_rbuf {	1185	sub _drain_rbuf {
757	my ($self) = @_;	1186	my ($self) = @_;
758		1187
		1188	# avoid recursion
		1189	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
759	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1190	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
760
761	if (
762	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
763	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
764	) {
765	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
766	}
767		1191
768	while () {	1192	while () {
		1193	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1194	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1195	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1196	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1197
769	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1198	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
770		1199
771	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1200	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
772	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1201	unless ($cb->($self)) {
773	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1202	# no progress can be made
774	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1203	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
775	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1204	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
776	}	1205	if $self->{_eof};
777		1206
778	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1207	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
779	last;	1208	last;
780	}	1209	}
781	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1210	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
788	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1217	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
789	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1218	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
790	) {	1219	) {
791	# no further data will arrive	1220	# no further data will arrive
792	# so no progress can be made	1221	# so no progress can be made
793	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1222	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
794	if $self->{_eof};	1223	if $self->{_eof};
795		1224
796	last; # more data might arrive	1225	last; # more data might arrive
797	}	1226	}
798	} else {	1227	} else {
799	# read side becomes idle	1228	# read side becomes idle
800	delete $self->{_rw};	1229	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
801	last;	1230	last;
802	}	1231	}
803	}	1232	}
804		1233
805	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1234	if ($self->{_eof}) {
806	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1235	$self->{on_eof}
807	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1236	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
808	} else {	1237	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
809	$self->_error (0, 1);	1238
810	}	1239	return;
		1240	}
		1241
		1242	if (
		1243	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1244	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1245	) {
		1246	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
811	}	1247	}
812		1248
813	# may need to restart read watcher	1249	# may need to restart read watcher
814	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1250	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
815	$self->start_read	1251	$self->start_read
…		…
821		1257
822	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1258	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
823	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1259	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
824	constructor.	1260	constructor.
825		1261
		1262	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1263	destroyed after it returns).
		1264
826	=cut	1265	=cut
827		1266
828	sub on_read {	1267	sub on_read {
829	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1268	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
830		1269
831	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1270	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
832	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1271	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
833	}	1272	}
834		1273
835	=item $handle->rbuf	1274	=item $handle->rbuf
836		1275
837	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1276	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1277	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1278	much faster, and no less clean).
838		1279
839	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1280	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
840	you want.	1281	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1282	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
841		1283
842	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1284	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
843	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1285	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
844	automatically manage the read buffer.	1286	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1287	will manage the read buffer on their own.
845		1288
846	=cut	1289	=cut
847		1290
848	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1291	sub rbuf : lvalue {
849	$_[0]{rbuf}	1292	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
866		1309
867	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1310	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
868	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1311	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
869	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1312	true, it will be removed from the queue.
870		1313
		1314	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1315	destroyed after it returns).
		1316
871	=cut	1317	=cut
872		1318
873	our %RH;	1319	our %RH;
874		1320
875	sub register_read_type($$) {	1321	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
881	my $cb = pop;	1327	my $cb = pop;
882		1328
883	if (@_) {	1329	if (@_) {
884	my $type = shift;	1330	my $type = shift;
885		1331
		1332	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
886	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1333	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
887	->($self, $cb, @_);	1334	->($self, $cb, @_);
888	}	1335	}
889		1336
890	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1337	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
891	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1338	$self->_drain_rbuf;
892	}	1339	}
893		1340
894	sub unshift_read {	1341	sub unshift_read {
895	my $self = shift;	1342	my $self = shift;
896	my $cb = pop;	1343	my $cb = pop;
897		1344
898	if (@_) {	1345	if (@_) {
899	my $type = shift;	1346	my $type = shift;
900		1347
		1348	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
901	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1349	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
902	->($self, $cb, @_);	1350	->($self, $cb, @_);
903	}	1351	}
904		1352
905
906	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1353	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
907	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1354	$self->_drain_rbuf;
908	}	1355	}
909		1356
910	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1357	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1358
912	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1359	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
913		1360
914	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1361	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
915	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1362	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
916	etc.	1363	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1364	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1365	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
917		1366
918	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1367	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
919	drop by and tell us):	1368	drop by and tell us):
920		1369
921	=over 4	1370	=over 4
…		…
1013	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1462	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1014	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1463	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1015	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1464	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1016	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1465	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1017	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1466	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1018	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1467	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1019		1468
1020	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1469	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1021	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1470	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1022	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1471	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1023	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1472	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1024	required for the accept regex.	1473	required for the accept regex.
1025		1474
1026	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1475	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1045	return 1;	1494	return 1;
1046	}	1495	}
1047		1496
1048	# reject	1497	# reject
1049	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1498	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1499	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1500	}
1052		1501
1053	# skip	1502	# skip
1054	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1503	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1055	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1504	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1071	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1520	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1072		1521
1073	sub {	1522	sub {
1074	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1523	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1075	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1524	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1525	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1526	}
1078	return;	1527	return;
1079	}	1528	}
1080		1529
1081	my $len = $1;	1530	my $len = $1;
…		…
1084	my $string = $_[1];	1533	my $string = $_[1];
1085	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1534	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1086	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1535	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1087	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1536	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1088	} else {	1537	} else {
1089	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1538	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1090	}	1539	}
1091	});	1540	});
1092	});	1541	});
1093		1542
1094	1	1543	1
…		…
1100	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1549	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1101	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1550	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1102	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1551	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1103	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1552	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1104		1553
1105	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1554	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1555	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1106		1556
1107	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1557	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1108	format (very efficient).	1558	format (very efficient).
1109		1559
1110	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1560	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1140	}	1590	}
1141	};	1591	};
1142		1592
1143	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1593	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1144		1594
1145	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1595	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1596	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1146		1597
1147	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1598	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1148	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1599	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1149		1600
1150	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1601	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1159	=cut	1610	=cut
1160		1611
1161	register_read_type json => sub {	1612	register_read_type json => sub {
1162	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1613	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1163		1614
1164	require JSON;	1615	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1165		1616
1166	my $data;	1617	my $data;
1167	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1618	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1168		1619
1169	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1170
1171	sub {	1620	sub {
1172	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1621	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1173		1622
1174	if ($ref) {	1623	if ($ref) {
1175	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1624	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1176	$json->incr_text = "";	1625	$json->incr_text = "";
1177	$cb->($self, $ref);	1626	$cb->($self, $ref);
1178		1627
1179	1	1628	1
		1629	} elsif ($@) {
		1630	# error case
		1631	$json->incr_skip;
		1632
		1633	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1634	$json->incr_text = "";
		1635
		1636	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1637
		1638	()
1180	} else {	1639	} else {
1181	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1640	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1641
1182	()	1642	()
1183	}	1643	}
1184	}	1644	}
1185	};	1645	};
1186		1646
…		…
1218	# read remaining chunk	1678	# read remaining chunk
1219	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1679	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1220	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1680	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1221	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1681	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1222	} else {	1682	} else {
1223	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1683	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1224	}	1684	}
1225	});	1685	});
1226	}	1686	}
1227		1687
1228	1	1688	1
1229	}	1689	}
1230	};	1690	};
1231		1691
1232	=back	1692	=back
1233		1693
1234	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1694	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1235		1695
1236	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1696	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1697	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1698	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1699	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1700	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1237		1701
1238	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1702	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1239	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1703	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1240	arguments.
1241		1704
1242	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1705	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1243	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1706	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1707	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1708	converter.
1244		1709
1245	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1710	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1246	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1711	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1712	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1247		1713
1248	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1249	global, so try to use unique names.
1250
1251	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1714	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1252	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1715	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1253		1716
1254	=item $handle->stop_read	1717	=item $handle->stop_read
1255		1718
1256	=item $handle->start_read	1719	=item $handle->start_read
1257		1720
…		…
1263	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1726	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1264	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1727	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1265	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1728	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1266	there are any read requests in the queue.	1729	there are any read requests in the queue.
1267		1730
		1731	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1732	half-duplex connections).
		1733
1268	=cut	1734	=cut
1269		1735
1270	sub stop_read {	1736	sub stop_read {
1271	my ($self) = @_;	1737	my ($self) = @_;
1272		1738
1273	delete $self->{_rw};	1739	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1274	}	1740	}
1275		1741
1276	sub start_read {	1742	sub start_read {
1277	my ($self) = @_;	1743	my ($self) = @_;
1278		1744
1279	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1745	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1280	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1746	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1281		1747
1282	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1748	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1283	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1749	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1284	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1750	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1285		1751
1286	if ($len > 0) {	1752	if ($len > 0) {
1287	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1753	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1288		1754
1289	$self->{filter_r}	1755	if ($self->{tls}) {
1290	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1756	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1291	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1757
		1758	&_dotls ($self);
		1759	} else {
		1760	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1761	}
1292		1762
1293	} elsif (defined $len) {	1763	} elsif (defined $len) {
1294	delete $self->{_rw};	1764	delete $self->{_rw};
1295	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1765	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1766	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1297		1767
1298	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1768	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1299	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1769	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1300	}	1770	}
1301	});	1771	};
1302	}	1772	}
1303	}	1773	}
1304		1774
		1775	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1776	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1777
		1778	sub _tls_error {
		1779	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1780
		1781	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1782	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1783
		1784	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1785
		1786	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1787	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1788
		1789	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1790	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1791	&_freetls;
		1792	} else {
		1793	&_freetls;
		1794	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1795	}
		1796	}
		1797
		1798	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1799	# also decode read data if possible
		1800	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1801	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1802	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1305	sub _dotls {	1803	sub _dotls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	1804	my ($self) = @_;
1307		1805
1308	my $buf;	1806	my $tmp;
1309		1807
1310	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1808	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1311	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1809	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1312	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1810	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1313	}	1811	}
1314	}
1315		1812
		1813	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1814	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1815	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1816	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1817	}
		1818
		1819	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1820	unless (length $tmp) {
		1821	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1822	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1823	&_freetls;
		1824
		1825	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1826	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1827	return;
		1828	} else {
		1829	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1830	delete $self->{_rw};
		1831	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1832	}
		1833	}
		1834
		1835	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1836	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1837	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1838	}
		1839
		1840	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1841	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1842	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1843	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1844
1316	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1845	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1317	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1846	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1318	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1847	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1848	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1319	}	1849	}
1320		1850
1321	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1851	$self->{_on_starttls}
1322	if (length $buf) {	1852	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1323	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1853	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1324	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1325	} else {
1326	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	$self->_shutdown;
1329	return;
1330	}
1331	}
1332
1333	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1334
1335	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1336	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1337	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1338	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1339	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1340	}
1341
1342	# all others are fine for our purposes
1343	}
1344	}	1854	}
1345		1855
1346	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1856	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1347		1857
1348	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1858	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1349	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1859	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1350	C<starttls>.	1860	C<starttls>.
1351		1861
		1862	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1863	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1864	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1865
1352	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1866	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1353	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1867	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1354		1868
1355	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1869	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1356	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1870	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1871	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1872	construct a new context.
1357		1873
1358	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1874	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1359	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1875	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1360	might have already started when this function returns.	1876	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1877	when this function returns.
1361		1878
		1879	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1880	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1881	stream after stopping TLS.
		1882
		1883	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1884	destroyed after it returns).
		1885
1362	=cut	1886	=cut
		1887
		1888	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1363		1889
1364	sub starttls {	1890	sub starttls {
1365	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1891	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1366		1892
1367	$self->stoptls;	1893	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1894	if $self->{tls};
1368		1895
1369	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1896	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1370	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1897	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1371	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1898
1372	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1899	return unless $self->{fh};
1373	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1900
1374	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1901	require Net::SSLeay;
		1902
		1903	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1904	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1905
		1906	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1907	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1908
		1909	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1910
		1911	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1912	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1913
		1914	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1915	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1916	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1917	} else {
		1918	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1919	}
		1920	}
1375	}	1921
1376		1922	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1377	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1923	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1378		1924
1379	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1925	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1380	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1926	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1381	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1927	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1382	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1928	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1383	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1929	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1384	#	1930	#
1385	# in short: this is a mess.	1931	# in short: this is a mess.
1386	#	1932	#
1387	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1933	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1388	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1934	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1389	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	1935	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1936	# have identity issues in that area.
1390	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1937	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1391	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1938	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1392	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1939	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1940	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1393		1941
1394	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1942	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1395	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1943	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1396		1944
		1945	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1946
1397	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1947	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1398		1948
1399	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1949	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1400	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1950	if $self->{on_starttls};
1401	&_dotls;	1951
1402	};	1952	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1403	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1953	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1404	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1405	&_dotls;
1406	};
1407	}	1954	}
1408		1955
1409	=item $handle->stoptls	1956	=item $handle->stoptls
1410		1957
1411	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1958	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1412	lost.	1959	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1960	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		1961	the stream afterwards.
		1962
		1963	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1964	destroyed after it returns).
1413		1965
1414	=cut	1966	=cut
1415		1967
1416	sub stoptls {	1968	sub stoptls {
1417	my ($self) = @_;	1969	my ($self) = @_;
1418		1970
1419	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1971	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		1972	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1420		1973
1421	delete $self->{_rbio};	1974	&_dotls;
1422	delete $self->{_wbio};	1975
1423	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1976	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1424	delete $self->{filter_r};	1977	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1425	delete $self->{filter_w};	1978	# &_freetls;#d#
		1979	}
		1980	}
		1981
		1982	sub _freetls {
		1983	my ($self) = @_;
		1984
		1985	return unless $self->{tls};
		1986
		1987	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1988	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1989
		1990	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1426	}	1991	}
1427		1992
1428	sub DESTROY {	1993	sub DESTROY {
1429	my $self = shift;	1994	my ($self) = @_;
1430		1995
1431	$self->stoptls;	1996	&_freetls;
1432		1997
1433	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1998	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1434		1999
1435	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2000	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1436	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2001	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1437	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2002	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1438		2003
1439	my @linger;	2004	my @linger;
1440		2005
1441	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2006	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1442	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2007	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1443		2008
1444	if ($len > 0) {	2009	if ($len > 0) {
1445	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2010	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1446	} else {	2011	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1447	@linger = (); # end	2012	@linger = (); # end
1448	}	2013	}
1449	});	2014	};
1450	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2015	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1451	@linger = ();	2016	@linger = ();
1452	});	2017	};
1453	}	2018	}
1454	}	2019	}
		2020
		2021	=item $handle->destroy
		2022
		2023	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2024	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2025	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2026	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2027	empty list).
		2028
		2029	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2030	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2031	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2032	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2033	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2034	that case.
		2035
		2036	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2037	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2038	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2039	reference cycles.
		2040
		2041	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2042	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2043
		2044	=cut
		2045
		2046	sub destroy {
		2047	my ($self) = @_;
		2048
		2049	$self->DESTROY;
		2050	%$self = ();
		2051	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2052	}
		2053
		2054	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2055	#nop
		2056	}
		2057
		2058	=item $handle->destroyed
		2059
		2060	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2061	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2062
		2063	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2064	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2065	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2066	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2067
		2068	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2069	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2070	$hdl->push_write (...
		2071
		2072	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2073	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2074	handle being destroyed.
		2075
		2076	=cut
		2077
		2078	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2079	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1455		2080
1456	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2081	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1457		2082
1458	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2083	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1459	default for TLS mode.	2084	for TLS mode.
1460		2085
1461	The context is created like this:	2086	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1462
1463	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1464	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1465	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1466
1467	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1468
1469	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1470		2087
1471	=cut	2088	=cut
1472		2089
1473	our $TLS_CTX;	2090	our $TLS_CTX;
1474		2091
1475	sub TLS_CTX() {	2092	sub TLS_CTX() {
1476	$TLS_CTX || do {	2093	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1477	require Net::SSLeay;	2094	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1478		2095
1479	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2096	new AnyEvent::TLS
1480	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1481	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1482
1483	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1484
1485	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1486
1487	$TLS_CTX
1488	}	2097	}
1489	}	2098	}
1490		2099
1491	=back	2100	=back
		2101
		2102
		2103	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2104
		2105	=over 4
		2106
		2107	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2108	still get further invocations!
		2109
		2110	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2111	read or write callbacks.
		2112
		2113	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2114	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2115	->destroy >> method.
		2116
		2117	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2118	reading?
		2119
		2120	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2121	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2122	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2123	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2124
		2125	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2126	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2127	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2128
		2129	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2130	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2131	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2132	C<destroy> method.
		2133
		2134	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2135
		2136	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2137	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2138	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2139	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2140
		2141	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2142	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2143	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2144	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2145	});
		2146
		2147	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2148	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2149	fact all data has been received.
		2150
		2151	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2152	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2153	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2154	explicit QUIT command.
		2155
		2156	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2157	all data has been written?
		2158
		2159	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2160	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2161	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2162	written to the socket:
		2163
		2164	$handle->push_write (...);
		2165	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2166	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2167	undef $handle;
		2168	});
		2169
		2170	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2171	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2172
		2173	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2174
		2175	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2176	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2177	parameter:
		2178
		2179	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2180	my ($fh) = @_;
		2181
		2182	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2183	fh => $fh,
		2184	tls => "connect",
		2185	on_error => sub { ... };
		2186
		2187	$handle->push_write (...);
		2188	};
		2189
		2190	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2191
		2192	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2193	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2194	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2195
		2196	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2197
		2198	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2199	my ($fh) = @_;
		2200
		2201	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2202	fh => $fh,
		2203	peername => $host,
		2204	tls => "connect",
		2205	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2206	...
		2207
		2208	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2209	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2210	peername verification will be done.
		2211
		2212	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2213	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2214	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2215
		2216	tls_ctx => {
		2217	verify => 1,
		2218	verify_peername => "https",
		2219	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2220	},
		2221
		2222	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2223
		2224	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2225	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2226	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2227	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2228	nice program for that purpose).
		2229
		2230	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2231	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2232	file should then look like this:
		2233
		2234	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2235	...header data
		2236	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2237	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2238
		2239	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2240	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2241	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2242
		2243	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2244	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2245
		2246	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2247	my ($fh) = @_;
		2248
		2249	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2250	fh => $fh,
		2251	tls => "accept",
		2252	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2253	...
		2254
		2255	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2256	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2257
		2258	=back
		2259
1492		2260
1493	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2261	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1494		2262
1495	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2263	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1496		2264
…		…
1513		2281
1514	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2282	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1515	are free to use in subclasses.	2283	are free to use in subclasses.
1516		2284
1517	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2285	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1518	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2286	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1519		2287
1520	=back	2288	=back
1521		2289
1522	=head1 AUTHOR	2290	=head1 AUTHOR
1523		2291

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