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Revision 1.84 by root, Thu Aug 21 19:13:05 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.161 by root, Sat Jul 25 06:16:45 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;	16	our $VERSION = 4.86;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		50
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		53
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	62	argument.
63		63
64	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
65		65
66	=over 4	66	=over 4
67		67
68	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		69
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		71
72	=over 4	72	=over 4
73		73
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		75
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	79	that mode.
81		80
		81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		82
		83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
		86
		87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		99
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
87		105
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	108	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		109
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		111
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		137
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
105		141
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		154
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		159
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
119		163
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	166	C<croak>.
123		167
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	173	read buffer).
130		174
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
133		179
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		205
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		207
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		220
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
158		225
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
163		231
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		233
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		235
…		…
171		239
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		241
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		245
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
183		251
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	252	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		253
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		260
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		265
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		267
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		271
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		274
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207		277
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		279
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		283
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		285
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
218		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
219	=item linger => <seconds>	295	=item linger => <seconds>
220		296
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		302
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
229		316
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		318
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
234	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
235		325
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
238		330
239	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	connection, use C<connect> mode.	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		333	mode.
241		334
242	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
243	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
244	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
245	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
246		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
247	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
248		351
249	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
250		353
251	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
252	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
253	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
254		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
255	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
256		395
257	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
258		397
259	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
260	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
261		401
262	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
263	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
264		404
265	=item filter_r => $cb
266
267	=item filter_w => $cb
268
269	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
270
271	=back	405	=back
272		406
273	=cut	407	=cut
274		408
275	sub new {	409	sub new {
276	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
277
278	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
279		412
280	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
281		476
282	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
283
284	if ($self->{tls}) {
285	require Net::SSLeay;
286	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
287	}
288		478
289	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
290	$self->_timeout;	480	$self->_timeout;
291		481
292	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
293	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
294		483
		484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		485	if $self->{tls};
		486
		487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		488
295	$self->start_read	489	$self->start_read
296	if $self->{on_read};	490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
297		491
298	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
299	}	493	}
300		494
301	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
302	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
303		497	#
304	delete $self->{_tw};	498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
305	delete $self->{_rw};	499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
306	delete $self->{_ww};	500	#
307	delete $self->{fh};	501	# &_freetls;
308		502	#}
309	$self->stoptls;
310
311	delete $self->{on_read};
312	delete $self->{_queue};
313	}
314		503
315	sub _error {	504	sub _error {
316	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
317
318	$self->_shutdown
319	if $fatal;
320		506
321	$! = $errno;	507	$! = $errno;
		508	$message ||= "$!";
322		509
323	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
324	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
325	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
326	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
327	}	516	}
328	}	517	}
329		518
330	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
331		520
332	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
333		522
334	=cut	523	=cut
335		524
336	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
337		526
…		…
355	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
356	}	545	}
357		546
358	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
359		548
360	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
361	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
362	argument.	551	argument and method.
363		552
364	=cut	553	=cut
365		554
366	sub on_timeout {	555	sub on_timeout {
367	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
368	}	557	}
369		558
370	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
371		560
372	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
373	constructor argument).	562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
374		563
375	=cut	564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
376		569
377	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
378		571
379	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
380	the same name for details).	573	the same name for details).
…		…
384	sub no_delay {	577	sub no_delay {
385	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
386		579
387	eval {	580	eval {
388	local $SIG{__DIE__};	581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
389	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
390	};	584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
391	}	605	}
392		606
393	#############################################################################	607	#############################################################################
394		608
395	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	609	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
408	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	622	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
409	# also check for time-outs	623	# also check for time-outs
410	sub _timeout {	624	sub _timeout {
411	my ($self) = @_;	625	my ($self) = @_;
412		626
413	if ($self->{timeout}) {	627	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
414	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	628	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
415		629
416	# when would the timeout trigger?	630	# when would the timeout trigger?
417	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	631	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
418		632
…		…
421	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	635	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
422		636
423	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	637	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
424	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	638	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
425	} else {	639	} else {
426	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	640	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
427	}	641	}
428		642
429	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	643	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
430	return unless $self->{timeout};	644	return unless $self->{timeout};
431		645
…		…
473	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	687	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
474		688
475	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	689	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
476		690
477	$cb->($self)	691	$cb->($self)
478	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	692	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
479	}	693	}
480		694
481	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	695	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
482		696
483	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	697	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
494	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	708	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
495		709
496	my $cb = sub {	710	my $cb = sub {
497	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	711	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
498		712
499	if ($len >= 0) {	713	if (defined $len) {
500	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	714	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
501		715
502	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	716	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
503		717
504	$self->{on_drain}($self)	718	$self->{on_drain}($self)
505	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	719	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
506	&& $self->{on_drain};	720	&& $self->{on_drain};
507		721
508	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	722	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
509	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	723	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
510	$self->_error ($!, 1);	724	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
534		748
535	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	749	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
536	->($self, @_);	750	->($self, @_);
537	}	751	}
538		752
539	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	753	if ($self->{tls}) {
540	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	754	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		755	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
541	} else {	756	} else {
542	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	757	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
543	$self->_drain_wbuf;	758	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
544	}	759	}
545	}	760	}
546		761
547	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	762	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
548		763
…		…
562	=cut	777	=cut
563		778
564	register_write_type netstring => sub {	779	register_write_type netstring => sub {
565	my ($self, $string) = @_;	780	my ($self, $string) = @_;
566		781
567	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	782	(length $string) . ":$string,"
568	};	783	};
569		784
570	=item packstring => $format, $data	785	=item packstring => $format, $data
571		786
572	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	787	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
637		852
638	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	853	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
639	};	854	};
640		855
641	=back	856	=back
		857
		858	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		859
		860	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		861	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		862	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		863	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		864	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		865
		866	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		867
		868	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		869	the peer.
		870
		871	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		872	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		873
		874	=cut
		875
		876	sub push_shutdown {
		877	my ($self) = @_;
		878
		879	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		880	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		881	}
642		882
643	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	883	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
644		884
645	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	885	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
646	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	886	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
740	=cut	980	=cut
741		981
742	sub _drain_rbuf {	982	sub _drain_rbuf {
743	my ($self) = @_;	983	my ($self) = @_;
744		984
		985	# avoid recursion
		986	return if exists $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
745	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	987	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
746		988
747	if (	989	if (
748	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	990	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
749	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	991	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
750	) {	992	) {
751	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;	993	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
752	}	994	}
753		995
754	while () {	996	while () {
		997	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		998	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		999	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1000
755	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1001	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
756		1002
757	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1003	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
758	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1004	unless ($cb->($self)) {
759	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1005	if ($self->{_eof}) {
760	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1006	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
761	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1007	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
762	}	1008	}
763		1009
764	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1010	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
765	last;	1011	last;
766	}	1012	}
…		…
774	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1020	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
775	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1021	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
776	) {	1022	) {
777	# no further data will arrive	1023	# no further data will arrive
778	# so no progress can be made	1024	# so no progress can be made
779	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1025	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
780	if $self->{_eof};	1026	if $self->{_eof};
781		1027
782	last; # more data might arrive	1028	last; # more data might arrive
783	}	1029	}
784	} else {	1030	} else {
785	# read side becomes idle	1031	# read side becomes idle
786	delete $self->{_rw};	1032	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
787	last;	1033	last;
788	}	1034	}
789	}	1035	}
790		1036
791	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1037	if ($self->{_eof}) {
792	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1038	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
793	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1039	$self->{on_eof}($self)
794	} else {	1040	} else {
795	$self->_error (0, 1);	1041	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
796	}	1042	}
797	}	1043	}
798		1044
799	# may need to restart read watcher	1045	# may need to restart read watcher
800	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1046	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
…		…
813		1059
814	sub on_read {	1060	sub on_read {
815	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1061	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
816		1062
817	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1063	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
818	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1064	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
819	}	1065	}
820		1066
821	=item $handle->rbuf	1067	=item $handle->rbuf
822		1068
823	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1069	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
824		1070
825	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1071	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
826	you want.	1072	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1073	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1074	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1075	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
827		1076
828	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1077	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
829	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1078	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
830	automatically manage the read buffer.	1079	automatically manage the read buffer.
831		1080
…		…
872	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1121	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
873	->($self, $cb, @_);	1122	->($self, $cb, @_);
874	}	1123	}
875		1124
876	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1125	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
877	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1126	$self->_drain_rbuf;
878	}	1127	}
879		1128
880	sub unshift_read {	1129	sub unshift_read {
881	my $self = shift;	1130	my $self = shift;
882	my $cb = pop;	1131	my $cb = pop;
…		…
888	->($self, $cb, @_);	1137	->($self, $cb, @_);
889	}	1138	}
890		1139
891		1140
892	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1141	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
893	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1142	$self->_drain_rbuf;
894	}	1143	}
895		1144
896	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1145	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
897		1146
898	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1147	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1031	return 1;	1280	return 1;
1032	}	1281	}
1033		1282
1034	# reject	1283	# reject
1035	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1284	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1036	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1285	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1037	}	1286	}
1038		1287
1039	# skip	1288	# skip
1040	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1289	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1041	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1290	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1057	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1306	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1058		1307
1059	sub {	1308	sub {
1060	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1309	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1061	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1310	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1062	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1311	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1063	}	1312	}
1064	return;	1313	return;
1065	}	1314	}
1066		1315
1067	my $len = $1;	1316	my $len = $1;
…		…
1070	my $string = $_[1];	1319	my $string = $_[1];
1071	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1320	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1072	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1321	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1073	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1322	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1074	} else {	1323	} else {
1075	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1324	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1076	}	1325	}
1077	});	1326	});
1078	});	1327	});
1079		1328
1080	1	1329	1
…		…
1086	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1335	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1087	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1336	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1088	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1337	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1089	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1338	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1090		1339
1091	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1340	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1341	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1092		1342
1093	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1343	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1094	format (very efficient).	1344	format (very efficient).
1095		1345
1096	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1346	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1126	}	1376	}
1127	};	1377	};
1128		1378
1129	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1379	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1130		1380
1131	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1381	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1382	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1132		1383
1133	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1384	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1134	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1385	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1135		1386
1136	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1387	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1145	=cut	1396	=cut
1146		1397
1147	register_read_type json => sub {	1398	register_read_type json => sub {
1148	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1399	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1149		1400
1150	require JSON;	1401	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1402	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1403	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1151		1404
1152	my $data;	1405	my $data;
1153	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1406	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1154		1407
1155	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1156
1157	sub {	1408	sub {
1158	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1409	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1159		1410
1160	if ($ref) {	1411	if ($ref) {
1161	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1412	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1162	$json->incr_text = "";	1413	$json->incr_text = "";
1163	$cb->($self, $ref);	1414	$cb->($self, $ref);
1164		1415
1165	1	1416	1
		1417	} elsif ($@) {
		1418	# error case
		1419	$json->incr_skip;
		1420
		1421	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1422	$json->incr_text = "";
		1423
		1424	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1425
		1426	()
1166	} else {	1427	} else {
1167	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1428	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1429
1168	()	1430	()
1169	}	1431	}
1170	}	1432	}
1171	};	1433	};
1172		1434
…		…
1204	# read remaining chunk	1466	# read remaining chunk
1205	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1467	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1206	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1468	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1207	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1469	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1208	} else {	1470	} else {
1209	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1471	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1210	}	1472	}
1211	});	1473	});
1212	}	1474	}
1213		1475
1214	1	1476	1
…		…
1249	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1511	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1250	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1512	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1251	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1513	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1252	there are any read requests in the queue.	1514	there are any read requests in the queue.
1253		1515
		1516	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1517	half-duplex connections).
		1518
1254	=cut	1519	=cut
1255		1520
1256	sub stop_read {	1521	sub stop_read {
1257	my ($self) = @_;	1522	my ($self) = @_;
1258		1523
1259	delete $self->{_rw};	1524	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1260	}	1525	}
1261		1526
1262	sub start_read {	1527	sub start_read {
1263	my ($self) = @_;	1528	my ($self) = @_;
1264		1529
1265	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1530	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1266	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1531	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1267		1532
1268	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1533	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1269	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1534	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1270	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1535	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1271		1536
1272	if ($len > 0) {	1537	if ($len > 0) {
1273	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1538	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1274		1539
1275	$self->{filter_r}	1540	if ($self->{tls}) {
1276	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1541	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1277	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1542
		1543	&_dotls ($self);
		1544	} else {
		1545	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1546	}
1278		1547
1279	} elsif (defined $len) {	1548	} elsif (defined $len) {
1280	delete $self->{_rw};	1549	delete $self->{_rw};
1281	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1550	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1282	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1551	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1283		1552
1284	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1553	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1285	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1554	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1286	}	1555	}
1287	});	1556	});
1288	}	1557	}
1289	}	1558	}
1290		1559
		1560	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1561	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1562
		1563	sub _tls_error {
		1564	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1565
		1566	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1567	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1568
		1569	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1570
		1571	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1572	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1573
		1574	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1575	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1576	&_freetls;
		1577	} else {
		1578	&_freetls;
		1579	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1580	}
		1581	}
		1582
		1583	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1584	# also decode read data if possible
		1585	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1586	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1587	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1291	sub _dotls {	1588	sub _dotls {
1292	my ($self) = @_;	1589	my ($self) = @_;
1293		1590
1294	my $buf;	1591	my $tmp;
1295		1592
1296	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1593	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1297	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1594	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1298	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1595	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1299	}	1596	}
1300	}
1301		1597
		1598	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1599	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1600	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1601	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1602	}
		1603
		1604	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1605	unless (length $tmp) {
		1606	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1607	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1608	&_freetls;
		1609
		1610	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1611	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1612	return;
		1613	} else {
		1614	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1615	delete $self->{_rw};
		1616	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1617	}
		1618	}
		1619
		1620	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1621	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1622	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1623	}
		1624
		1625	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1626	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1627	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1628	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1629
1302	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1630	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1303	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1631	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1304	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1632	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1305	}	1633	}
1306		1634
1307	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1635	$self->{_on_starttls}
1308	if (length $buf) {	1636	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1309	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1637	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1310	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1311	} else {
1312	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1313	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1314	$self->_shutdown;
1315	return;
1316	}
1317	}
1318
1319	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1320
1321	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1322	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1323	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1324	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1325	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1326	}
1327
1328	# all others are fine for our purposes
1329	}
1330	}	1638	}
1331		1639
1332	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1640	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1333		1641
1334	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1642	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1335	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1643	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1336	C<starttls>.	1644	C<starttls>.
1337		1645
		1646	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1647	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1648	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1649
1338	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1650	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1339	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1651	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1340		1652
1341	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1653	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1342	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1654	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1655	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1656	construct a new context.
1343		1657
1344	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1658	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1345	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1659	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1346	might have already started when this function returns.	1660	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1661	when this function returns.
1347		1662
		1663	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1664	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1665	stopping TLS.
		1666
1348	=cut	1667	=cut
		1668
		1669	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1349		1670
1350	sub starttls {	1671	sub starttls {
1351	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1672	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1352		1673
1353	$self->stoptls;	1674	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1675	if $self->{tls};
1354		1676
1355	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1677	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1356	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1678	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1357	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1679
1358	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1680	return unless $self->{fh};
1359	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1681
1360	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1682	require Net::SSLeay;
		1683
		1684	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1685	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1686
		1687	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1688	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1689
		1690	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1691
		1692	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1693	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1694
		1695	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1696	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1697	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1698	} else {
		1699	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1700	}
		1701	}
1361	}	1702
1362		1703	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1363	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1704	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1364		1705
1365	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1706	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1366	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1707	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1367	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1708	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1368	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1709	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1369	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1710	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1711	#
		1712	# in short: this is a mess.
		1713	#
		1714	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1715	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1716	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1717	# have identity issues in that area.
1370	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1718	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1371	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1719	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1372	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1720	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1721	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1373		1722
1374	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1723	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1375	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1724	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1376		1725
1377	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1726	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1378		1727
1379	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1728	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1380	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1729	if $self->{on_starttls};
1381	&_dotls;	1730
1382	};	1731	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1383	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1732	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1384	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1385	&_dotls;
1386	};
1387	}	1733	}
1388		1734
1389	=item $handle->stoptls	1735	=item $handle->stoptls
1390		1736
1391	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1737	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1392	lost.	1738	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1739	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1740	the stream afterwards.
1393		1741
1394	=cut	1742	=cut
1395		1743
1396	sub stoptls {	1744	sub stoptls {
1397	my ($self) = @_;	1745	my ($self) = @_;
1398		1746
1399	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1747	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1748	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1400		1749
1401	delete $self->{_rbio};	1750	&_dotls;
1402	delete $self->{_wbio};	1751
1403	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1752	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1404	delete $self->{filter_r};	1753	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1405	delete $self->{filter_w};	1754	# &_freetls;#d#
		1755	}
		1756	}
		1757
		1758	sub _freetls {
		1759	my ($self) = @_;
		1760
		1761	return unless $self->{tls};
		1762
		1763	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1764	if ref $self->{tls};
		1765
		1766	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1406	}	1767	}
1407		1768
1408	sub DESTROY {	1769	sub DESTROY {
1409	my $self = shift;	1770	my ($self) = @_;
1410		1771
1411	$self->stoptls;	1772	&_freetls;
1412		1773
1413	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1774	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1414		1775
1415	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1776	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1416	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1777	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1417	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1778	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1418		1779
1419	my @linger;	1780	my @linger;
1420		1781
…		…
1431	@linger = ();	1792	@linger = ();
1432	});	1793	});
1433	}	1794	}
1434	}	1795	}
1435		1796
		1797	=item $handle->destroy
		1798
		1799	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1800	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1801	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1802
		1803	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1804	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1805	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1806	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1807	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1808	that case.
		1809
		1810	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1811	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1812	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1813	reference cycles.
		1814
		1815	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1816	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1817
		1818	=cut
		1819
		1820	sub destroy {
		1821	my ($self) = @_;
		1822
		1823	$self->DESTROY;
		1824	%$self = ();
		1825	}
		1826
1436	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1827	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1437		1828
1438	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1829	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1439	default for TLS mode.	1830	for TLS mode.
1440		1831
1441	The context is created like this:	1832	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1442
1443	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1444	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1445	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1446
1447	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1448
1449	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1450		1833
1451	=cut	1834	=cut
1452		1835
1453	our $TLS_CTX;	1836	our $TLS_CTX;
1454		1837
1455	sub TLS_CTX() {	1838	sub TLS_CTX() {
1456	$TLS_CTX || do {	1839	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1457	require Net::SSLeay;	1840	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1458		1841
1459	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1842	new AnyEvent::TLS
1460	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1461	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1462
1463	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1464
1465	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1466
1467	$TLS_CTX
1468	}	1843	}
1469	}	1844	}
1470		1845
1471	=back	1846	=back
		1847
		1848
		1849	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1850
		1851	=over 4
		1852
		1853	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1854	still get further invocations!
		1855
		1856	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1857	read or write callbacks.
		1858
		1859	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1860	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1861	->destroy >> method.
		1862
		1863	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1864	reading?
		1865
		1866	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1867	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1868	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1869	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1870
		1871	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1872	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1873	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1874
		1875	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1876	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1877	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1878	C<destroy> method.
		1879
		1880	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1881
		1882	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1883	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1884	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1885	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1886
		1887	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1888	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1889	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1890	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1891	});
		1892
		1893	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1894	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1895	fact, all data has been received.
		1896
		1897	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1898	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1899	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1900	explicit QUIT command.
		1901
		1902	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1903	all data has been written?
		1904
		1905	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1906	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1907	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1908	written to the socket:
		1909
		1910	$handle->push_write (...);
		1911	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1912	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1913	undef $handle;
		1914	});
		1915
		1916	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1917	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1918
		1919	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1920
		1921	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1922	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1923	parameter:
		1924
		1925	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1926	my ($fh) = @_;
		1927
		1928	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1929	fh => $fh,
		1930	tls => "connect",
		1931	on_error => sub { ... };
		1932
		1933	$handle->push_write (...);
		1934	};
		1935
		1936	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1937
		1938	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1939	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1940	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1941
		1942	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1943
		1944	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1945	my ($fh) = @_;
		1946
		1947	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1948	fh => $fh,
		1949	peername => $host,
		1950	tls => "connect",
		1951	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1952	...
		1953
		1954	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1955	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1956	peername verification will be done.
		1957
		1958	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1959	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1960	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1961
		1962	tls_ctx => {
		1963	verify => 1,
		1964	verify_peername => "https",
		1965	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1966	},
		1967
		1968	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1969
		1970	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1971	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1972	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1973	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1974	nice program for that purpose).
		1975
		1976	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1977	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1978	file should then look like this:
		1979
		1980	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1981	...header data
		1982	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1983	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1984
		1985	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1986	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1987	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1988
		1989	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1990	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1991
		1992	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1993	my ($fh) = @_;
		1994
		1995	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1996	fh => $fh,
		1997	tls => "accept",
		1998	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1999	...
		2000
		2001	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2002	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2003
		2004	=back
		2005
1472		2006
1473	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2007	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1474		2008
1475	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2009	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1476		2010

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