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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent/Handle.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Jun 4 22:51:15 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.151 by root, Thu Jul 16 04:20:23 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
…		…
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = 4.13;	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	32	warn "got error $msg\n";
		33	$hdl->destroy;
		34	$cv->send;
34	);	35	);
35		36
36	# send some request line	37	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	38	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		39
39	# read the response line	40	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	41	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	42	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	43	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	44	$cv->send;
44	});	45	});
45		46
46	$cv->recv;	47	$cv->recv;
47		48
…		…
49		50
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	51	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	52	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	53	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		54
		55	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		56	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		57
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	58	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	59	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	60	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		61
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	62	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		64
61	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
62		66
63	=over 4	67	=over 4
64		68
65	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		70
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		72
69	=over 4	73	=over 4
70		74
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		76
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		78
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	79	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	80	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		81	that mode.
77		82
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	83	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		84
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	85	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	86	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	87	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		88	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		89	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
83		90
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	91	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	92	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
86	waiting for data.	93	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		94	down.
87		95
		96	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		97	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		98
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	99	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		100
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	101	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	102	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	103	connect or a read error.
93		104
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	105	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	106	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		107	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		108	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		109	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		110
		111	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		112	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		113	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		114	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		115
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	116	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	117	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	118	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		119	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		120
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	121	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	122	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		123	C<EPROTO>).
102		124
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	125	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	126	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	127	C<croak>.
106		128
107	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	129	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108		130
109	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	131	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110	and no read request is in the queue.	132	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		133	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		134	read buffer).
111		135
112	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	136	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	137	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		138	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		139	the beginning from it.
114		140
115	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	141	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
116	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	142	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
117	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	143	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
118	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	144	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
119		145
		146	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		147	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		148	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		149	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		150
120	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	151	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
121		152
122	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	153	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	154	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124		155
125	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	156	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		157
		158	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		159	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		160	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		161	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		162	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
126		163
127	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	164	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128		165
129	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	166	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
130	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	167	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
131	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	168	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
132	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	169	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
133		170
134	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	171	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	172	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	173	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	174	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		175	restart the timeout.
138		176
139	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	177	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140		178
141	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	179	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142		180
…		…
146		184
147	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	185	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148		186
149	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	187	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	188	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	189	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152		190
153	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	191	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	192	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	193	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	194	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157	isn't finished).	195	isn't finished).
158		196
		197	=item autocork => <boolean>
		198
		199	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		200	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		201	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		202	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		203	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		204	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		205
		206	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		207	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		208	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		209	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		210
		211	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		212
		213	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		214	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		215	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		216
		217	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		218	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		219
		220	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		221	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		222
159	=item read_size => <bytes>	223	=item read_size => <bytes>
160		224
161	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	225	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	226	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		227	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163		228
164	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	229	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165		230
166	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	231	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	232	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168	considered empty.	233	considered empty.
169		234
		235	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		236	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		237	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		238	is good in almost all cases.
		239
		240	=item linger => <seconds>
		241
		242	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		243	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		244	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		245	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		246	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		247
		248	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		249	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		250	help.
		251
		252	=item peername => $string
		253
		254	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		255	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		256
		257	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		258	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		259	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		260	C<undef>.
		261
170	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	262	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171		263
172	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	264	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	265	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174	data.	266	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		267
		268	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		269	appropriate error message.
175		270
176	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	271	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	272	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		273	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		274	to add the dependency yourself.
178		275
179	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	276	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180	connection, use C<connect> mode.	277	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		278	mode.
181		279
182	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	280	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	281	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	282	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185	AnyEvent::Handle.	283	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		284	object.
186		285
		286	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		287	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		288	away.
		289
		290	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		291	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		292	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		293	segmentation fault.
		294
187	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	295	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188		296
189	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	297	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
190		298
191	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	299	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
192	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	300	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	301	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194		302
		303	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		304	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		305	new TLS context object.
		306
		307	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		308
		309	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		310	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		311	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		312
		313	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		314	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		315
		316	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		317	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		318
		319	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		320	called, as normal.
		321
		322	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		323	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		324	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		325
		326	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		327
		328	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		329	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		330	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		331	on the handle.
		332
		333	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		334	callback.
		335
		336	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		337	underlying handle signals EOF.
		338
195	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	339	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196		340
197	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	341	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198		342
199	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	343	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	344	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		345	texts.
201		346
202	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	347	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	348	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204		349
205	=item filter_r => $cb
206
207	=item filter_w => $cb
208
209	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
210
211	=back	350	=back
212		351
213	=cut	352	=cut
214		353
215	sub new {	354	sub new {
216	my $class = shift;	355	my $class = shift;
217
218	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	356	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
219		357
220	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	358	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
221		359
222	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	360	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
223
224	if ($self->{tls}) {
225	require Net::SSLeay;
226	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
227	}
228		361
229	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	362	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
230	$self->_timeout;	363	$self->_timeout;
231		364
		365	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		366
		367	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		368	if $self->{tls};
		369
232	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	370	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
234		371
235	$self	372	$self->start_read
236	}	373	if $self->{on_read};
237		374
		375	$self->{fh} && $self
		376	}
		377
238	sub _shutdown {	378	#sub _shutdown {
239	my ($self) = @_;	379	# my ($self) = @_;
240		380	#
241	delete $self->{_tw};	381	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
242	delete $self->{_rw};	382	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
243	delete $self->{_ww};	383	#
244	delete $self->{fh};	384	# &_freetls;
245		385	#}
246	$self->stoptls;
247	}
248		386
249	sub _error {	387	sub _error {
250	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	388	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
251
252	$self->_shutdown
253	if $fatal;
254		389
255	$! = $errno;	390	$! = $errno;
		391	$message ||= "$!";
256		392
257	if ($self->{on_error}) {	393	if ($self->{on_error}) {
258	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	394	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
259	} else {	395	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		396	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		397	$self->destroy;
260	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	398	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
261	}	399	}
262	}	400	}
263		401
264	=item $fh = $handle->fh	402	=item $fh = $handle->fh
265		403
266	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	404	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
267		405
268	=cut	406	=cut
269		407
270	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	408	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
271		409
…		…
289	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	427	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
290	}	428	}
291		429
292	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	430	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
293		431
294	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	432	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
295	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	433	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
296	argument.	434	argument and method.
297		435
298	=cut	436	=cut
299		437
300	sub on_timeout {	438	sub on_timeout {
301	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	439	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		440	}
		441
		442	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		443
		444	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		445	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		446
		447	=cut
		448
		449	sub autocork {
		450	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		451	}
		452
		453	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		454
		455	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		456	the same name for details).
		457
		458	=cut
		459
		460	sub no_delay {
		461	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		462
		463	eval {
		464	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		465	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		466	};
		467	}
		468
		469	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		470
		471	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		472
		473	=cut
		474
		475	sub on_starttls {
		476	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		477	}
		478
		479	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		480
		481	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		482
		483	=cut
		484
		485	sub on_starttls {
		486	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
302	}	487	}
303		488
304	#############################################################################	489	#############################################################################
305		490
306	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	491	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
332	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	517	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
333		518
334	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	519	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
335	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	520	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
336	} else {	521	} else {
337	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	522	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
338	}	523	}
339		524
340	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	525	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
341	return unless $self->{timeout};	526	return unless $self->{timeout};
342		527
…		…
384	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	569	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
385		570
386	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	571	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
387		572
388	$cb->($self)	573	$cb->($self)
389	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	574	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
390	}	575	}
391		576
392	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	577	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
393		578
394	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	579	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
405	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	590	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
406		591
407	my $cb = sub {	592	my $cb = sub {
408	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	593	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
409		594
410	if ($len >= 0) {	595	if (defined $len) {
411	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	596	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
412		597
413	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	598	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
414		599
415	$self->{on_drain}($self)	600	$self->{on_drain}($self)
416	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	601	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
417	&& $self->{on_drain};	602	&& $self->{on_drain};
418		603
419	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	604	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
420	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	605	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
421	$self->_error ($!, 1);	606	$self->_error ($!, 1);
422	}	607	}
423	};	608	};
424		609
425	# try to write data immediately	610	# try to write data immediately
426	$cb->();	611	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
427		612
428	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	613	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
429	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	614	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
430	if length $self->{wbuf};	615	if length $self->{wbuf};
431	};	616	};
…		…
445		630
446	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	631	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
447	->($self, @_);	632	->($self, @_);
448	}	633	}
449		634
450	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	635	if ($self->{tls}) {
451	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	636	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		637
		638	&_dotls ($self);
452	} else {	639	} else {
453	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	640	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
454	$self->_drain_wbuf;	641	$self->_drain_wbuf;
455	}	642	}
456	}	643	}
…		…
473	=cut	660	=cut
474		661
475	register_write_type netstring => sub {	662	register_write_type netstring => sub {
476	my ($self, $string) = @_;	663	my ($self, $string) = @_;
477		664
478	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	665	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		666	};
		667
		668	=item packstring => $format, $data
		669
		670	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		671	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		672	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		673	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		678	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		679
		680	pack "$format/a*", $string
479	};	681	};
480		682
481	=item json => $array_or_hashref	683	=item json => $array_or_hashref
482		684
483	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	685	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
517		719
518	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	720	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
519	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	721	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
520	};	722	};
521		723
		724	=item storable => $reference
		725
		726	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		727	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		728
		729	=cut
		730
		731	register_write_type storable => sub {
		732	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		733
		734	require Storable;
		735
		736	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		737	};
		738
522	=back	739	=back
		740
		741	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		742
		743	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		744	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		745	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		746	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		747	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		748
		749	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		750
		751	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		752	the peer.
		753
		754	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		755	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		756
		757	=cut
		758
		759	sub push_shutdown {
		760	my ($self) = @_;
		761
		762	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		763	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		764	}
523		765
524	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	766	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
525		767
526	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	768	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
527	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	769	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
548	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	790	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
549	a queue.	791	a queue.
550		792
551	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	793	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
552	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	794	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
553	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	795	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
554	or not.	796	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		797	partial message has been received so far).
555		798
556	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	799	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
557	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	800	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
558	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	801	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
559	below).	802	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
560		803
561	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	804	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
562	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	805	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
563		806
564	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	807	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
…		…
577	# handle xml	820	# handle xml
578	});	821	});
579	});	822	});
580	});	823	});
581		824
582	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	825	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
583	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	826	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
584	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	827	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
585	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	828	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
586	the callbacks:	829	in the callbacks.
587		830
588	# request one	831	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		832	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		833	64-byte chunk callback.
		834
		835	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
589	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	836	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
590		837
591	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	838	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
592	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	839	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
593	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	840	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
600	...	847	...
601	});	848	});
602	}	849	}
603	});	850	});
604		851
605	# request two	852	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
606	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	853	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
607		854
608	# simply read 64 bytes, always	855	# simply read 64 bytes, always
609	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	856	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
610	my $response = $_[1];	857	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
616	=cut	863	=cut
617		864
618	sub _drain_rbuf {	865	sub _drain_rbuf {
619	my ($self) = @_;	866	my ($self) = @_;
620		867
		868	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
		869
621	if (	870	if (
622	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	871	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
623	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	872	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
624	) {	873	) {
625	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	874	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
626	}	875	}
627		876
628	return if $self->{in_drain};	877	while () {
629	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	878	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		879	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		880	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
630		881
631	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	882	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
632	no strict 'refs';	883
633	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	884	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
634	unless ($cb->($self)) {	885	unless ($cb->($self)) {
635	if ($self->{_eof}) {	886	if ($self->{_eof}) {
636	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	887	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
637	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);	888	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
638	}	889	}
639		890
640	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	891	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
641	last;	892	last;
642	}	893	}
643	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	894	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		895	last unless $len;
		896
644	$self->{on_read}($self);	897	$self->{on_read}($self);
645		898
646	if (	899	if (
647	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed	900	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
648	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	901	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
649	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	902	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
650	) {	903	) {
651	# no further data will arrive	904	# no further data will arrive
652	# so no progress can be made	905	# so no progress can be made
653	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1)	906	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
654	if $self->{_eof};	907	if $self->{_eof};
655		908
656	last; # more data might arrive	909	last; # more data might arrive
657	}	910	}
658	} else {	911	} else {
659	# read side becomes idle	912	# read side becomes idle
660	delete $self->{_rw};	913	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
661	last;	914	last;
662	}	915	}
663	}	916	}
664		917
		918	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		919	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
665	$self->{on_eof}($self)	920	$self->{on_eof}($self)
666	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	921	} else {
		922	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		923	}
		924	}
667		925
668	# may need to restart read watcher	926	# may need to restart read watcher
669	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	927	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
670	$self->start_read	928	$self->start_read
671	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	929	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
682		940
683	sub on_read {	941	sub on_read {
684	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	942	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
685		943
686	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	944	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
687	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;	945	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
688	}	946	}
689		947
690	=item $handle->rbuf	948	=item $handle->rbuf
691		949
692	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	950	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
693		951
694	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	952	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
695	you want.	953	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		954	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		955	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		956	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
696		957
697	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	958	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
698	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	959	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
699	automatically manage the read buffer.	960	automatically manage the read buffer.
700		961
…		…
741	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1002	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
742	->($self, $cb, @_);	1003	->($self, $cb, @_);
743	}	1004	}
744		1005
745	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1006	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
746	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1007	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
747	}	1008	}
748		1009
749	sub unshift_read {	1010	sub unshift_read {
750	my $self = shift;	1011	my $self = shift;
751	my $cb = pop;	1012	my $cb = pop;
…		…
757	->($self, $cb, @_);	1018	->($self, $cb, @_);
758	}	1019	}
759		1020
760		1021
761	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1022	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
762	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1023	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
763	}	1024	}
764		1025
765	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1026	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
766		1027
767	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1028	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
797	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1058	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
798	1	1059	1
799	}	1060	}
800	};	1061	};
801		1062
802	# compatibility with older API
803	sub push_read_chunk {
804	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
805	}
806
807	sub unshift_read_chunk {
808	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
809	}
810
811	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1063	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
812		1064
813	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1065	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
814	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1066	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
815	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1067	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
830	=cut	1082	=cut
831		1083
832	register_read_type line => sub {	1084	register_read_type line => sub {
833	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1085	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
834		1086
835	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1087	if (@_ < 3) {
836	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1088	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
837	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
838
839	sub {	1089	sub {
840	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1090	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
841		1091
842	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1092	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
843	1
844	}
845	};
846
847	# compatibility with older API
848	sub push_read_line {
849	my $self = shift;
850	$self->push_read (line => @_);
851	}
852
853	sub unshift_read_line {
854	my $self = shift;
855	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
856	}
857
858	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
859
860	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
861
862	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
863
864	=cut
865
866	register_read_type netstring => sub {
867	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
868
869	sub {
870	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
871	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
872	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
873	}	1093	1
874	return;
875	}	1094	}
		1095	} else {
		1096	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1097	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
876		1098
877	my $len = $1;	1099	sub {
		1100	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
878		1101
879	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1102	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
880	my $string = $_[1];
881	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
882	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
883	$cb->($_[0], $string);
884	} else {
885	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
886	}
887	});	1103	1
888	});	1104	}
889
890	1
891	}	1105	}
892	};	1106	};
893		1107
894	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1108	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
895		1109
…		…
947	return 1;	1161	return 1;
948	}	1162	}
949		1163
950	# reject	1164	# reject
951	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1165	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
952	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1166	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
953	}	1167	}
954		1168
955	# skip	1169	# skip
956	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1170	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
957	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1171	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
959		1173
960	()	1174	()
961	}	1175	}
962	};	1176	};
963		1177
		1178	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1179
		1180	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1181
		1182	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1183
		1184	=cut
		1185
		1186	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1187	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1188
		1189	sub {
		1190	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1191	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1192	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1193	}
		1194	return;
		1195	}
		1196
		1197	my $len = $1;
		1198
		1199	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1200	my $string = $_[1];
		1201	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1202	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1203	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1204	} else {
		1205	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1206	}
		1207	});
		1208	});
		1209
		1210	1
		1211	}
		1212	};
		1213
		1214	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1215
		1216	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1217	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1218	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1219	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1220
		1221	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1222	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1223
		1224	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1225	format (very efficient).
		1226
		1227	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1228	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1229	});
		1230
		1231	=cut
		1232
		1233	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1234	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1235
		1236	sub {
		1237	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1238	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1239	or return;
		1240
		1241	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1242
		1243	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1244	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1245	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1246	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1247	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1248	} else {
		1249	# remove prefix
		1250	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1251
		1252	# read remaining chunk
		1253	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1254	}
		1255
		1256	1
		1257	}
		1258	};
		1259
964	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1260	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
965		1261
966	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1262	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1263	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
967		1264
968	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1265	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
969	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1266	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
970		1267
971	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1268	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
978	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1275	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
979		1276
980	=cut	1277	=cut
981		1278
982	register_read_type json => sub {	1279	register_read_type json => sub {
983	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1280	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
984		1281
985	require JSON;	1282	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1283	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1284	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
986		1285
987	my $data;	1286	my $data;
988	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1287	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
989		1288
990	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
991
992	sub {	1289	sub {
993	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1290	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
994		1291
995	if ($ref) {	1292	if ($ref) {
996	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1293	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
997	$json->incr_text = "";	1294	$json->incr_text = "";
998	$cb->($self, $ref);	1295	$cb->($self, $ref);
999		1296
1000	1	1297	1
		1298	} elsif ($@) {
		1299	# error case
		1300	$json->incr_skip;
		1301
		1302	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1303	$json->incr_text = "";
		1304
		1305	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1306
		1307	()
1001	} else {	1308	} else {
1002	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1309	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1310
1003	()	1311	()
1004	}	1312	}
		1313	}
		1314	};
		1315
		1316	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1317
		1318	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1319	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1320	data).
		1321
		1322	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1323
		1324	=cut
		1325
		1326	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1327	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1328
		1329	require Storable;
		1330
		1331	sub {
		1332	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1333	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1334	or return;
		1335
		1336	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1337
		1338	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1339	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1340	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1341	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1342	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1343	} else {
		1344	# remove prefix
		1345	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1346
		1347	# read remaining chunk
		1348	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1349	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1350	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1351	} else {
		1352	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1353	}
		1354	});
		1355	}
		1356
		1357	1
1005	}	1358	}
1006	};	1359	};
1007		1360
1008	=back	1361	=back
1009		1362
…		…
1039	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1392	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1040	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1393	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1041	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1394	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1042	there are any read requests in the queue.	1395	there are any read requests in the queue.
1043		1396
		1397	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1398	half-duplex connections).
		1399
1044	=cut	1400	=cut
1045		1401
1046	sub stop_read {	1402	sub stop_read {
1047	my ($self) = @_;	1403	my ($self) = @_;
1048		1404
1049	delete $self->{_rw};	1405	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1050	}	1406	}
1051		1407
1052	sub start_read {	1408	sub start_read {
1053	my ($self) = @_;	1409	my ($self) = @_;
1054		1410
1055	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1411	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1056	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1412	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1057		1413
1058	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1414	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1059	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1415	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1060	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1416	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1061		1417
1062	if ($len > 0) {	1418	if ($len > 0) {
1063	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1419	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1064		1420
1065	$self->{filter_r}	1421	if ($self->{tls}) {
1066	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1422	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1067	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1423
		1424	&_dotls ($self);
		1425	} else {
		1426	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1427	}
1068		1428
1069	} elsif (defined $len) {	1429	} elsif (defined $len) {
1070	delete $self->{_rw};	1430	delete $self->{_rw};
1071	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1431	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1072	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1432	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1073		1433
1074	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1434	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1075	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1435	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1076	}	1436	}
1077	});	1437	});
1078	}	1438	}
1079	}	1439	}
1080		1440
		1441	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1442	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1443
		1444	sub _tls_error {
		1445	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1446
		1447	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1448	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1449
		1450	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1451
		1452	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1453	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1454
		1455	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1456	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1457	&_freetls;
		1458	} else {
		1459	&_freetls;
		1460	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1461	}
		1462	}
		1463
		1464	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1465	# also decode read data if possible
		1466	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1467	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1468	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1081	sub _dotls {	1469	sub _dotls {
1082	my ($self) = @_;	1470	my ($self) = @_;
1083		1471
1084	my $buf;	1472	my $tmp;
1085		1473
1086	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1474	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1087	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1475	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1088	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1476	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1089	}	1477	}
1090	}
1091		1478
		1479	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1480	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1481	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1482	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1483	}
		1484
		1485	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1486	unless (length $tmp) {
		1487	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1488	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1489	&_freetls;
		1490
		1491	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1492	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1493	return;
		1494	} else {
		1495	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1496	delete $self->{_rw};
		1497	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1498	}
		1499	}
		1500
		1501	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1502	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1503	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1504	}
		1505
		1506	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1507	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1508	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1509	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1510
1092	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1511	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1093	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1512	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1094	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1513	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1095	}	1514	}
1096		1515
1097	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1516	$self->{_on_starttls}
1098	if (length $buf) {	1517	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1099	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1518	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1100	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1101	} else {
1102	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1103	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1104	$self->_shutdown;
1105	return;
1106	}
1107	}
1108
1109	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1110
1111	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1112	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1113	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1114	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1115	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1116	}
1117
1118	# all others are fine for our purposes
1119	}
1120	}	1519	}
1121		1520
1122	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1521	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1123		1522
1124	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1523	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
1126	C<starttls>.	1525	C<starttls>.
1127		1526
1128	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1527	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1129	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1528	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1130		1529
1131	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1530	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1132	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1531	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1532	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1533	construct a new context.
1133		1534
1134	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1535	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1135	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1536	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1136	might have already started when this function returns.	1537	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1538	when this function returns.
1137		1539
		1540	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1541	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1542
1138	=cut	1543	=cut
		1544
		1545	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1139		1546
1140	sub starttls {	1547	sub starttls {
1141	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1548	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1142		1549
1143	$self->stoptls;	1550	require Net::SSLeay;
1144		1551
1145	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1552	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1146	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1553	if $self->{tls};
1147	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1554
1148	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1555	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1149	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1556	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1150	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1557
		1558	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1559
		1560	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1561	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1562
		1563	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1564
		1565	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1566	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1567	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1568	} else {
		1569	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1570	}
		1571	}
1151	}	1572
1152		1573	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1153	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1574	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1154		1575
1155	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1576	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1156	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1577	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1157	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1578	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1158	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1579	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1159	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1580	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1581	#
		1582	# in short: this is a mess.
		1583	#
		1584	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1585	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1586	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1587	# have identity issues in that area.
1160	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1588	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1161	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1589	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1162	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1590	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1591	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1163		1592
1164	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1593	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1165	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1594	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1166		1595
1167	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1596	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1168		1597
1169	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1598	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1170	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1599	if $self->{on_starttls};
1171	&_dotls;	1600
1172	};	1601	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1173	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1602	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1174	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1175	&_dotls;
1176	};
1177	}	1603	}
1178		1604
1179	=item $handle->stoptls	1605	=item $handle->stoptls
1180		1606
1181	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1607	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1182	lost.	1608	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1609	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1610	afterwards.
1183		1611
1184	=cut	1612	=cut
1185		1613
1186	sub stoptls {	1614	sub stoptls {
1187	my ($self) = @_;	1615	my ($self) = @_;
1188		1616
1189	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1617	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1618	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1190		1619
1191	delete $self->{_rbio};	1620	&_dotls;
1192	delete $self->{_wbio};	1621
1193	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1622	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1194	delete $self->{filter_r};	1623	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1195	delete $self->{filter_w};	1624	# &_freetls;#d#
		1625	}
		1626	}
		1627
		1628	sub _freetls {
		1629	my ($self) = @_;
		1630
		1631	return unless $self->{tls};
		1632
		1633	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1634
		1635	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1196	}	1636	}
1197		1637
1198	sub DESTROY {	1638	sub DESTROY {
1199	my $self = shift;	1639	my ($self) = @_;
1200		1640
1201	$self->stoptls;	1641	&_freetls;
		1642
		1643	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1644
		1645	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		1646	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1647	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1648
		1649	my @linger;
		1650
		1651	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1652	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1653
		1654	if ($len > 0) {
		1655	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1656	} else {
		1657	@linger = (); # end
		1658	}
		1659	});
		1660	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1661	@linger = ();
		1662	});
		1663	}
		1664	}
		1665
		1666	=item $handle->destroy
		1667
		1668	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1669	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1670	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1671
		1672	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1673	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1674	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1675	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1676	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1677	that case.
		1678
		1679	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1680	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1681	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1682	reference cycles.
		1683
		1684	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1685	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1686
		1687	=cut
		1688
		1689	sub destroy {
		1690	my ($self) = @_;
		1691
		1692	$self->DESTROY;
		1693	%$self = ();
1202	}	1694	}
1203		1695
1204	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1696	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1205		1697
1206	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1698	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1207	default for TLS mode.	1699	for TLS mode.
1208		1700
1209	The context is created like this:	1701	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1210
1211	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1212	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1213	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1214
1215	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1216
1217	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1218		1702
1219	=cut	1703	=cut
1220		1704
1221	our $TLS_CTX;	1705	our $TLS_CTX;
1222		1706
1223	sub TLS_CTX() {	1707	sub TLS_CTX() {
1224	$TLS_CTX || do {	1708	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1225	require Net::SSLeay;	1709	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1226		1710
1227	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1711	new AnyEvent::TLS
1228	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1229	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1230
1231	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1232
1233	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1234
1235	$TLS_CTX
1236	}	1712	}
1237	}	1713	}
1238		1714
1239	=back	1715	=back
		1716
		1717
		1718	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1719
		1720	=over 4
		1721
		1722	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1723	still get further invocations!
		1724
		1725	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1726	read or write callbacks.
		1727
		1728	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1729	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1730	->destroy >> method.
		1731
		1732	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1733	reading?
		1734
		1735	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1736	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1737	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1738	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1739
		1740	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1741	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1742	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1743
		1744	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1745	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1746	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1747	C<destroy> method.
		1748
		1749	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1750
		1751	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1752	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1753	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1754	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1755
		1756	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1757	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1758	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1759	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1760	});
		1761
		1762	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1763	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1764	fact, all data has been received.
		1765
		1766	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1767	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1768	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1769	explicit QUIT command.
		1770
		1771	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1772	all data has been written?
		1773
		1774	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1775	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1776	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1777	written to the socket:
		1778
		1779	$handle->push_write (...);
		1780	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1781	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1782	undef $handle;
		1783	});
		1784
		1785	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1786	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1787
		1788	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1789
		1790	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1791	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1792	parameter:
		1793
		1794	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1795	my ($fh) = @_;
		1796
		1797	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1798	fh => $fh,
		1799	tls => "connect",
		1800	on_error => sub { ... };
		1801
		1802	$handle->push_write (...);
		1803	};
		1804
		1805	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1806
		1807	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1808	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1809	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1810
		1811	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1812
		1813	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1814	my ($fh) = @_;
		1815
		1816	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1817	fh => $fh,
		1818	peername => $host,
		1819	tls => "connect",
		1820	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1821	...
		1822
		1823	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1824	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1825	peername verification will be done.
		1826
		1827	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1828	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1829	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1830
		1831	tls_ctx => {
		1832	verify => 1,
		1833	verify_peername => "https",
		1834	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1835	},
		1836
		1837	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1838
		1839	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1840	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1841	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1842	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1843	nice program for that purpose).
		1844
		1845	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1846	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1847	file should then look like this:
		1848
		1849	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1850	...header data
		1851	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1852	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1853
		1854	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1855	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1856	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1857
		1858	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1859	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1860
		1861	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1862	my ($fh) = @_;
		1863
		1864	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1865	fh => $fh,
		1866	tls => "accept",
		1867	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1868	...
		1869
		1870	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1871	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1872
		1873	=back
		1874
1240		1875
1241	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1876	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1242		1877
1243	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1878	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1244		1879
…		…
1248	=over 4	1883	=over 4
1249		1884
1250	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1885	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1251		1886
1252	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1887	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1253	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1888	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1254	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1889	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1255		1890
1256	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1891	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1257		1892
1258	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1893	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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