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Revision 1.8 by root, Fri May 2 15:36:10 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.61 by root, Fri Jun 6 10:23:50 2008 UTC

2 2
3no warnings; 3no warnings;
4use strict; 4use strict;
5 5
6use AnyEvent (); 6use AnyEvent ();
7use AnyEvent::Util (); 7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8use Scalar::Util (); 8use Scalar::Util ();
9use Carp (); 9use Carp ();
10use Fcntl (); 10use Fcntl ();
11use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/; 11use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12 12
13=head1 NAME 13=head1 NAME
14 14
15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on filehandles via AnyEvent 15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16 16
17=cut 17=cut
18 18
19our $VERSION = '0.02'; 19our $VERSION = 4.14;
20 20
21=head1 SYNOPSIS 21=head1 SYNOPSIS
22 22
23 use AnyEvent; 23 use AnyEvent;
24 use AnyEvent::Handle; 24 use AnyEvent::Handle;
25 25
26 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar; 26 my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27 27
28 my $ae_fh = AnyEvent::Handle->new (fh => \*STDIN); 28 my $handle =
29
30 #TODO
31
32 # or use the constructor to pass the callback:
33
34 my $ae_fh2 =
35 AnyEvent::Handle->new ( 29 AnyEvent::Handle->new (
36 fh => \*STDIN, 30 fh => \*STDIN,
37 on_eof => sub { 31 on_eof => sub {
38 $cv->broadcast; 32 $cv->broadcast;
39 }, 33 },
40 #TODO
41 ); 34 );
42 35
43 $cv->wait; 36 # send some request line
37 $handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38
39 # read the response line
40 $handle->push_read (line => sub {
41 my ($handle, $line) = @_;
42 warn "read line <$line>\n";
43 $cv->send;
44 });
45
46 $cv->recv;
44 47
45=head1 DESCRIPTION 48=head1 DESCRIPTION
46 49
47This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on 50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
48filehandles (and sockets, see L<AnyEvent::Socket> for an easy way to make 51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
49non-blocking resolves and connects). 52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
50 53
51In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this 54In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
52means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their 55means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
53treatment of characters applies to this module as well. 56treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
54 57
70The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on. 73The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
71 74
72NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using 75NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using
73AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking). 76AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).
74 77
75=item on_error => $cb->($self) [MANDATORY] 78=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
76 79
77This is the fatal error callback, that is called when a fatal error ocurs, 80Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,
81i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82connection cleanly.
83
84While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,
85otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
86waiting for data.
87
88=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
89
90This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
78such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect or a 91occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
79read error. 92connect or a read error.
80 93
81The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been 94Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
82called. 95fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be
96usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is
97recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle
98object when this callback is invoked.
83 99
84On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the opertaing system 100On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
85error (or C<ENOSPC> or C<EPIPE>). 101error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
86 102
87=item on_eof => $cb->($self) [MANDATORY] 103While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105C<croak>.
88 106
89Set the callback to be called on EOF.
90
91=item on_read => $cb->($self) 107=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
92 108
93This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives 109This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
94and no read request is in the queue. If the read callback is C<undef> 110and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
95or has never been set, than AnyEvent::Handle will cease reading from the 111callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
96filehandle. 112read buffer).
97 113
98To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >> 114To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
99method or acces sthe C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly. 115method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.
100 116
101When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to 117When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
102feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before 118feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
103calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal 119calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
104error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>). 120error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
105 121
106=item on_drain => $cb->() 122=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
107 123
108This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty 124This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
109(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already). 125(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
110 126
111To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method. 127To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
128
129=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
130
131If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
132seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
133handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
134missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
135
136Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
137any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
138idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
139in the C<on_timeout> callback.
140
141Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
142
143=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
144
145Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
146callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
147so this condition is not fatal in any way.
112 148
113=item rbuf_max => <bytes> 149=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
114 150
115If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>) 151If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
116when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to 152when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
123isn't finished). 159isn't finished).
124 160
125=item read_size => <bytes> 161=item read_size => <bytes>
126 162
127The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read 163The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read
128on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>. 164during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.
129 165
130=item low_water_mark => <bytes> 166=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
131 167
132Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write 168Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
133buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is 169buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
134considered empty. 170considered empty.
135 171
172=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
173
174When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it
175will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt
176data.
177
178TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
179automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).
180
181For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a
182connection, use C<connect> mode.
183
184You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
185to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
186or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
187AnyEvent::Handle.
188
189See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.
190
191=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx
192
193Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection
194(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
195missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
196
197=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
198
199This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
200
201If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
202suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.
203
204Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
205use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
206
207=item filter_r => $cb
208
209=item filter_w => $cb
210
211These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
212
136=back 213=back
137 214
138=cut 215=cut
139 216
140sub new { 217sub new {
144 221
145 $self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing"; 222 $self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
146 223
147 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1; 224 AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
148 225
149 $self->on_error ((delete $self->{on_error}) or Carp::croak "mandatory argument on_error is missing"); 226 if ($self->{tls}) {
150 $self->on_eof ((delete $self->{on_eof} ) or Carp::croak "mandatory argument on_eof is missing"); 227 require Net::SSLeay;
228 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
229 }
230
231 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
232 $self->_timeout;
151 233
152 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain}; 234 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
153 $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
154 235
155 $self 236 $self
156} 237}
157 238
158sub _shutdown { 239sub _shutdown {
159 my ($self) = @_; 240 my ($self) = @_;
160 241
242 delete $self->{_tw};
161 delete $self->{rw}; 243 delete $self->{_rw};
162 delete $self->{ww}; 244 delete $self->{_ww};
163 delete $self->{fh}; 245 delete $self->{fh};
164}
165 246
247 $self->stoptls;
248}
249
166sub error { 250sub _error {
167 my ($self) = @_; 251 my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;
168 252
169 {
170 local $!;
171 $self->_shutdown; 253 $self->_shutdown
172 } 254 if $fatal;
173 255
256 $! = $errno;
257
258 if ($self->{on_error}) {
174 $self->{on_error}($self); 259 $self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);
260 } else {
261 Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";
262 }
175} 263}
176 264
177=item $fh = $handle->fh 265=item $fh = $handle->fh
178 266
179This method returns the filehandle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object. 267This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
180 268
181=cut 269=cut
182 270
183sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} } 271sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
184 272
185=item $handle->on_error ($cb) 273=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
186 274
187Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument). 275Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
188 276
196 284
197Replace the current C<on_eof> callback (see the C<on_eof> constructor argument). 285Replace the current C<on_eof> callback (see the C<on_eof> constructor argument).
198 286
199=cut 287=cut
200 288
201#############################################################################
202
203sub on_eof { 289sub on_eof {
204 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1]; 290 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
205} 291}
292
293=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
294
295Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback
296(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
297argument.
298
299=cut
300
301sub on_timeout {
302 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
303}
304
305#############################################################################
306
307=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
308
309Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
310
311=cut
312
313sub timeout {
314 my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
315
316 $self->{timeout} = $timeout;
317 $self->_timeout;
318}
319
320# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
321# also check for time-outs
322sub _timeout {
323 my ($self) = @_;
324
325 if ($self->{timeout}) {
326 my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
327
328 # when would the timeout trigger?
329 my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
330
331 # now or in the past already?
332 if ($after <= 0) {
333 $self->{_activity} = $NOW;
334
335 if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
336 $self->{on_timeout}($self);
337 } else {
338 $self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
339 }
340
341 # callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
342 return unless $self->{timeout};
343
344 # calculate new after
345 $after = $self->{timeout};
346 }
347
348 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
349 return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
350
351 $self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
352 delete $self->{_tw};
353 $self->_timeout;
354 });
355 } else {
356 delete $self->{_tw};
357 }
358}
359
360#############################################################################
361
362=back
363
364=head2 WRITE QUEUE
365
366AnyEvent::Handle manages two queues per handle, one for writing and one
367for reading.
368
369The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
370AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
371
372When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
373water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.
374
375=over 4
206 376
207=item $handle->on_drain ($cb) 377=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
208 378
209Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of 379Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
210C<on_drain> in the constructor). 380C<on_drain> in the constructor).
226want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle> 396want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
227buffers it independently of the kernel. 397buffers it independently of the kernel.
228 398
229=cut 399=cut
230 400
231sub push_write { 401sub _drain_wbuf {
232 my ($self, $data) = @_; 402 my ($self) = @_;
233 403
234 $self->{wbuf} .= $data; 404 if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
235 405
236 unless ($self->{ww}) {
237 Scalar::Util::weaken $self; 406 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
407
238 my $cb = sub { 408 my $cb = sub {
239 my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf}; 409 my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
240 410
241 if ($len > 0) { 411 if ($len >= 0) {
242 substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, ""; 412 substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
243 413
414 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
244 415
245 $self->{on_drain}($self) 416 $self->{on_drain}($self)
246 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf} 417 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}
247 && $self->{on_drain}; 418 && $self->{on_drain};
248 419
249 delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf}; 420 delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
250 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) { 421 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
251 $self->error; 422 $self->_error ($!, 1);
252 } 423 }
253 }; 424 };
254 425
426 # try to write data immediately
427 $cb->();
428
429 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
255 $self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb); 430 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
256 431 if length $self->{wbuf};
257 $cb->($self);
258 }; 432 };
259} 433}
260 434
435our %WH;
436
437sub register_write_type($$) {
438 $WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
439}
440
441sub push_write {
442 my $self = shift;
443
444 if (@_ > 1) {
445 my $type = shift;
446
447 @_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
448 ->($self, @_);
449 }
450
451 if ($self->{filter_w}) {
452 $self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);
453 } else {
454 $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
455 $self->_drain_wbuf;
456 }
457}
458
459=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
460
461Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
462the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
463
464Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
465drop by and tell us):
466
467=over 4
468
469=item netstring => $string
470
471Formats the given value as netstring
472(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
473
474=cut
475
476register_write_type netstring => sub {
477 my ($self, $string) = @_;
478
479 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string
480};
481
482=item packstring => $format, $data
483
484An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
485uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
486integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
487optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
488
489=cut
490
491register_write_type packstring => sub {
492 my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
493
494 pack "$format/a", $string
495};
496
497=item json => $array_or_hashref
498
499Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
500provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
501in UTF-8.
502
503JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
504one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
505additional framing.
506
507The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
508this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
509able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
510
511A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
512JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
513they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
514JSON text:
515
516 $handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
517 $handle->push_write ("\012");
518
519An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
520rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
521
522 $handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
523
524Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
525this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
526
527=cut
528
529register_write_type json => sub {
530 my ($self, $ref) = @_;
531
532 require JSON;
533
534 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
535 : JSON::encode_json ($ref)
536};
537
538=back
539
540=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
541
542This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
543Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
544reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
545
546The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will
547be appended to the write buffer.
548
549Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
550global, so try to use unique names.
551
552=cut
553
261############################################################################# 554#############################################################################
555
556=back
557
558=head2 READ QUEUE
559
560AnyEvent::Handle manages two queues per handle, one for writing and one
561for reading.
562
563The read queue is more complex than the write queue. It can be used in two
564ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
565a queue.
566
567In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
568new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
569enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want
570or not.
571
572In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
573case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
574data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
575done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
576
577This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
578a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
579
580Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
581the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
582
583 # in the default state, expect some header bytes
584 $handle->on_read (sub {
585 # some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
586 shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
587 # header arrived, decode
588 my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
589
590 # now read the payload
591 shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
592 my $xml = $_[1];
593 # handle xml
594 });
595 });
596 });
597
598Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with
599"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the
600second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just
601pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in
602the callbacks:
603
604 # request one
605 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
606
607 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
608 $handle->push_read (line => sub {
609 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
610 # so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
611 # which are already in the queue when this callback is called
612 # we don't do this in case we got an error
613 if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
614 $_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
615 my $response = $_[1];
616 ...
617 });
618 }
619 });
620
621 # request two
622 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
623
624 # simply read 64 bytes, always
625 $handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
626 my $response = $_[1];
627 ...
628 });
629
630=over 4
631
632=cut
262 633
263sub _drain_rbuf { 634sub _drain_rbuf {
264 my ($self) = @_; 635 my ($self) = @_;
265 636
266 return if exists $self->{in_drain};
267 local $self->{in_drain} = 1; 637 local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
268 638
269 while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) { 639 if (
640 defined $self->{rbuf_max}
641 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
642 ) {
643 return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);
644 }
645
646 while () {
270 no strict 'refs'; 647 no strict 'refs';
648
649 my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
650
271 if (@{ $self->{queue} }) { 651 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
272 if ($self->{queue}[0]($self)) { 652 unless ($cb->($self)) {
273 shift @{ $self->{queue} };
274 } elsif ($self->{eof}) { 653 if ($self->{_eof}) {
275 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming) 654 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
276 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error; 655 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;
277 } else { 656 }
657
658 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
278 return; 659 last;
279 } 660 }
280 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) { 661 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
662 last unless $len;
663
281 $self->{on_read}($self); 664 $self->{on_read}($self);
282 665
283 if ( 666 if (
284 $self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
285 && $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed 667 $len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
286 && !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty 668 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
287 && $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data 669 && $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
288 ) { 670 ) {
671 # no further data will arrive
289 # then no progress can be made 672 # so no progress can be made
290 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error; 673 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last
674 if $self->{_eof};
675
676 last; # more data might arrive
291 } 677 }
292 } else { 678 } else {
293 # read side becomes idle 679 # read side becomes idle
294 delete $self->{rw}; 680 delete $self->{_rw};
295 return; 681 last;
296 } 682 }
297 } 683 }
298 684
299 if ($self->{eof}) {
300 $self->_shutdown;
301 $self->{on_eof}($self); 685 $self->{on_eof}($self)
686 if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};
687
688 # may need to restart read watcher
689 unless ($self->{_rw}) {
690 $self->start_read
691 if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
302 } 692 }
303} 693}
304 694
305=item $handle->on_read ($cb) 695=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
306 696
312 702
313sub on_read { 703sub on_read {
314 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 704 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
315 705
316 $self->{on_read} = $cb; 706 $self->{on_read} = $cb;
317 707 $self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
318 unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {
319 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
320
321 $self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
322 my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $self->{rbuf}, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $self->{rbuf};
323
324 if ($len > 0) {
325 if (exists $self->{rbuf_max}) {
326 if ($self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}) {
327 $! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;
328 }
329 }
330
331 } elsif (defined $len) {
332 $self->{eof} = 1;
333 delete $self->{rw};
334
335 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {
336 return $self->error;
337 }
338
339 $self->_drain_rbuf;
340 });
341 }
342} 708}
343 709
344=item $handle->rbuf 710=item $handle->rbuf
345 711
346Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). 712Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
365Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read>) or 731Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read>) or
366prepend it (C<unshift_read>). 732prepend it (C<unshift_read>).
367 733
368The callback is called each time some additional read data arrives. 734The callback is called each time some additional read data arrives.
369 735
370It must check wether enough data is in the read buffer already. 736It must check whether enough data is in the read buffer already.
371 737
372If not enough data is available, it must return the empty list or a false 738If not enough data is available, it must return the empty list or a false
373value, in which case it will be called repeatedly until enough data is 739value, in which case it will be called repeatedly until enough data is
374available (or an error condition is detected). 740available (or an error condition is detected).
375 741
377interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning 743interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
378true, it will be removed from the queue. 744true, it will be removed from the queue.
379 745
380=cut 746=cut
381 747
748our %RH;
749
750sub register_read_type($$) {
751 $RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
752}
753
382sub push_read { 754sub push_read {
383 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 755 my $self = shift;
756 my $cb = pop;
384 757
758 if (@_) {
759 my $type = shift;
760
761 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
762 ->($self, $cb, @_);
763 }
764
385 push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb; 765 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
386 $self->_drain_rbuf; 766 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
387} 767}
388 768
389sub unshift_read { 769sub unshift_read {
390 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 770 my $self = shift;
771 my $cb = pop;
391 772
773 if (@_) {
774 my $type = shift;
775
776 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
777 ->($self, $cb, @_);
778 }
779
780
392 push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb; 781 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
393 $self->_drain_rbuf; 782 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
394} 783}
395 784
396=item $handle->push_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data)) 785=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
397 786
398=item $handle->unshift_read_chunk ($len, $cb->($self, $data)) 787=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
399 788
400Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_chunk>) or 789Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
401prepend it (C<unshift_read_chunk>). 790between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
791etc.
402 792
403The callback will be called only once C<$len> bytes have been read, and 793Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
404these C<$len> bytes will be passed to the callback. 794drop by and tell us):
405 795
406=cut 796=over 4
407 797
408sub _read_chunk($$) { 798=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
409 my ($len, $cb) = @_; 799
800Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
801data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
802data.
803
804Example: read 2 bytes.
805
806 $handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
807 warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];
808 });
809
810=cut
811
812register_read_type chunk => sub {
813 my ($self, $cb, $len) = @_;
410 814
411 sub { 815 sub {
412 $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return; 816 $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf} or return;
413 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""); 817 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
414 1 818 1
415 } 819 }
416} 820};
417 821
822# compatibility with older API
418sub push_read_chunk { 823sub push_read_chunk {
419 my ($self, $len, $cb) = @_; 824 $_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
420
421 $self->push_read (_read_chunk $len, $cb);
422} 825}
423
424 826
425sub unshift_read_chunk { 827sub unshift_read_chunk {
426 my ($self, $len, $cb) = @_; 828 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
427
428 $self->unshift_read (_read_chunk $len, $cb);
429} 829}
430 830
431=item $handle->push_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol)) 831=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
432
433=item $handle->unshift_read_line ([$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol))
434
435Append the given callback to the end of the queue (C<push_read_line>) or
436prepend it (C<unshift_read_line>).
437 832
438The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of 833The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
439line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line 834line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
440marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and 835marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
441the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>). 836the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
452Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are 847Partial lines at the end of the stream will never be returned, as they are
453not marked by the end of line marker. 848not marked by the end of line marker.
454 849
455=cut 850=cut
456 851
457sub _read_line($$) { 852register_read_type line => sub {
458 my $cb = pop; 853 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
459 my $eol = @_ ? shift : qr|(\015?\012)|;
460 my $pos;
461 854
855 $eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;
462 $eol = qr|(\Q$eol\E)| unless ref $eol; 856 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
463 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|; 857 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
464 858
465 sub { 859 sub {
466 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return; 860 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
467 861
468 $cb->($1, $2); 862 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
469 1 863 1
470 } 864 }
471} 865};
472 866
867# compatibility with older API
473sub push_read_line { 868sub push_read_line {
474 my $self = shift; 869 my $self = shift;
475
476 $self->push_read (&_read_line); 870 $self->push_read (line => @_);
477} 871}
478 872
479sub unshift_read_line { 873sub unshift_read_line {
480 my $self = shift; 874 my $self = shift;
481
482 $self->unshift_read (&_read_line); 875 $self->unshift_read (line => @_);
483} 876}
877
878=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
879
880Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
881everything up to and including the match.
882
883Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
884
885 $handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
886
887If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
888to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
889does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
890useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
891receive buffer overflow).
892
893Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
894anything else (not the use of an anchor).
895
896 $handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
897
898If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
899the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
900and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
901unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
902know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
903have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
904and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
905
906Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
907expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use
908a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
909it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
910required for the accept regex.
911
912 $handle->push_read (regex =>
913 qr<\015\012\015\012>,
914 undef, # no reject
915 qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
916 sub { ... });
917
918=cut
919
920register_read_type regex => sub {
921 my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
922
923 my $data;
924 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
925
926 sub {
927 # accept
928 if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
929 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
930 $cb->($self, $data);
931 return 1;
932 }
933
934 # reject
935 if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
936 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
937 }
938
939 # skip
940 if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
941 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
942 }
943
944 ()
945 }
946};
947
948=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
949
950A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
951
952Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
953
954=cut
955
956register_read_type netstring => sub {
957 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
958
959 sub {
960 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
961 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
962 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
963 }
964 return;
965 }
966
967 my $len = $1;
968
969 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
970 my $string = $_[1];
971 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
972 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
973 $cb->($_[0], $string);
974 } else {
975 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
976 }
977 });
978 });
979
980 1
981 }
982};
983
984=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
985
986An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
987uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
988integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
989optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
990
991DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.
992
993Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
994format (very efficient).
995
996 $handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
997 my ($handle, $data) = @_;
998 });
999
1000=cut
1001
1002register_read_type packstring => sub {
1003 my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1004
1005 sub {
1006 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1007 defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]->{rbuf} })
1008 or return;
1009
1010 # remove prefix
1011 substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack $format, $len), "";
1012
1013 # read rest
1014 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
1015
1016 1
1017 }
1018};
1019
1020=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1021
1022Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.
1023
1024If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1025for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1026
1027This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
10282.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
1029dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
1030AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
1031
1032Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
1033types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
1034the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1035
1036=cut
1037
1038register_read_type json => sub {
1039 my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
1040
1041 require JSON;
1042
1043 my $data;
1044 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1045
1046 my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1047
1048 sub {
1049 my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});
1050
1051 if ($ref) {
1052 $self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1053 $json->incr_text = "";
1054 $cb->($self, $ref);
1055
1056 1
1057 } else {
1058 $self->{rbuf} = "";
1059 ()
1060 }
1061 }
1062};
484 1063
485=back 1064=back
486 1065
1066=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
1067
1068This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
1069
1070Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code
1071reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining
1072arguments.
1073
1074The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)
1075that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).
1076
1077It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to
1078pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).
1079
1080Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1081global, so try to use unique names.
1082
1083For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,
1084search for C<register_read_type>)).
1085
1086=item $handle->stop_read
1087
1088=item $handle->start_read
1089
1090In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1091socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1092any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1093C<start_read>.
1094
1095Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1096you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1097will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1098there are any read requests in the queue.
1099
1100=cut
1101
1102sub stop_read {
1103 my ($self) = @_;
1104
1105 delete $self->{_rw};
1106}
1107
1108sub start_read {
1109 my ($self) = @_;
1110
1111 unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1112 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1113
1114 $self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1115 my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};
1116 my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1117
1118 if ($len > 0) {
1119 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1120
1121 $self->{filter_r}
1122 ? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)
1123 : $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;
1124
1125 } elsif (defined $len) {
1126 delete $self->{_rw};
1127 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1128 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1129
1130 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1131 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1132 }
1133 });
1134 }
1135}
1136
1137sub _dotls {
1138 my ($self) = @_;
1139
1140 my $buf;
1141
1142 if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1143 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1144 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
1145 }
1146 }
1147
1148 if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1149 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf;
1150 $self->_drain_wbuf;
1151 }
1152
1153 while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1154 if (length $buf) {
1155 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf;
1156 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1157 } else {
1158 # let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1159 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1160 $self->_shutdown;
1161 return;
1162 }
1163 }
1164
1165 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1166
1167 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1168 if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1169 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1170 } elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1171 return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1172 }
1173
1174 # all others are fine for our purposes
1175 }
1176}
1177
1178=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1179
1180Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1181object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1182C<starttls>.
1183
1184The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1185C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1186
1187The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is
1188used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.
1189
1190The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this
1191call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake
1192might have already started when this function returns.
1193
1194=cut
1195
1196sub starttls {
1197 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1198
1199 $self->stoptls;
1200
1201 if ($ssl eq "accept") {
1202 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1203 Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
1204 } elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
1205 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1206 Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
1207 }
1208
1209 $self->{tls} = $ssl;
1210
1211 # basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1212 # but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1213 # (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1214 # and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1215 # http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1216 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},
1217 (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1218 | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1219
1220 $self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1221 $self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1222
1223 Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1224
1225 $self->{filter_w} = sub {
1226 $_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};
1227 &_dotls;
1228 };
1229 $self->{filter_r} = sub {
1230 Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1231 &_dotls;
1232 };
1233}
1234
1235=item $handle->stoptls
1236
1237Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be
1238lost.
1239
1240=cut
1241
1242sub stoptls {
1243 my ($self) = @_;
1244
1245 Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};
1246
1247 delete $self->{_rbio};
1248 delete $self->{_wbio};
1249 delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};
1250 delete $self->{filter_r};
1251 delete $self->{filter_w};
1252}
1253
1254sub DESTROY {
1255 my $self = shift;
1256
1257 $self->stoptls;
1258}
1259
1260=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1261
1262This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by
1263default for TLS mode.
1264
1265The context is created like this:
1266
1267 Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1268 Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1269 Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1270
1271 my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1272
1273 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1274
1275=cut
1276
1277our $TLS_CTX;
1278
1279sub TLS_CTX() {
1280 $TLS_CTX || do {
1281 require Net::SSLeay;
1282
1283 Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();
1284 Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1285 Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1286
1287 $TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1288
1289 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1290
1291 $TLS_CTX
1292 }
1293}
1294
1295=back
1296
1297=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1298
1299In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1300
1301To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
1302conventions:
1303
1304=over 4
1305
1306=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1307
1308At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1309will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or
1310mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1311
1312=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1313
1314All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
1315with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
1316for use for subclasses.
1317
1318=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1319are free to use in subclasses.
1320
1321Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1322member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.
1323
1324=back
1325
487=head1 AUTHOR 1326=head1 AUTHOR
488 1327
489Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>. 1328Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
490 1329
491=cut 1330=cut

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