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Revision 1.87 by root, Thu Aug 21 20:52:39 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.175 by root, Sat Aug 8 22:20:43 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;	16	our $VERSION = 4.91;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		50
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		53
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	62	argument.
63		63
64	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
65		65
66	=over 4	66	=over 4
67		67
68	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		69
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		71
72	=over 4	72	=over 4
73		73
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		75
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	79	that mode.
81		80
		81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		82
		83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
		86
		87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		99
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
87		105
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	108	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		109
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		111
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		137
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
105		141
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		154
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		159
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
119		163
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	166	C<croak>.
123		167
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	173	read buffer).
130		174
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
133		179
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		205
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		207
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		220
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
158		225
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
163		231
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		233
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		235
…		…
171		239
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		241
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		245
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
183		251
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	252	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		253
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		260
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		265
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		267
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		271
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		274
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207		277
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		279
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		283
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		285
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
218		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
219	=item linger => <seconds>	295	=item linger => <seconds>
220		296
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		302
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
229		316
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		318
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
234	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
235		325
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
238		330
239	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241	mode.	333	mode.
242		334
243	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
244	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
245	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
246	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
247		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
248	See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
249		351
250	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
251		353
252	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
253	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
254	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
255		393
256	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
257		395
258	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
259		397
…		…
262	texts.	400	texts.
263		401
264	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
265	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
266		404
267	=item filter_r => $cb
268
269	=item filter_w => $cb
270
271	These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
272	by the TLS code).
273
274	=back	405	=back
275		406
276	=cut	407	=cut
277		408
278	sub new {	409	sub new {
279	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
280
281	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
282		412
283	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
284		476
285	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
286		478
287	if ($self->{tls}) {
288	require Net::SSLeay;
289	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
290	}
291
292	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	479	$self->{_activity} = AE::now;
293	$self->_timeout;	480	$self->_timeout;
294		481
295	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
296	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
297		483
		484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		485	if $self->{tls};
		486
		487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		488
298	$self->start_read	489	$self->start_read
299	if $self->{on_read};	490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
300		491
301	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
302	}	493	}
303		494
304	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
305	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
306		497	#
307	delete $self->{_tw};	498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
308	delete $self->{_rw};	499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
309	delete $self->{_ww};	500	#
310	delete $self->{fh};	501	# &_freetls;
311		502	#}
312	$self->stoptls;
313
314	delete $self->{on_read};
315	delete $self->{_queue};
316	}
317		503
318	sub _error {	504	sub _error {
319	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
320
321	$self->_shutdown
322	if $fatal;
323		506
324	$! = $errno;	507	$! = $errno;
		508	$message ||= "$!";
325		509
326	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
327	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
328	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
329	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
330	}	516	}
331	}	517	}
332		518
333	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
334		520
335	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
336		522
337	=cut	523	=cut
338		524
339	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
340		526
…		…
358	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
359	}	545	}
360		546
361	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
362		548
363	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
364	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
365	argument.	551	argument and method.
366		552
367	=cut	553	=cut
368		554
369	sub on_timeout {	555	sub on_timeout {
370	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
371	}	557	}
372		558
373	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
374		560
375	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
376	constructor argument).	562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
377		563
378	=cut	564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
379		569
380	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
381		571
382	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
383	the same name for details).	573	the same name for details).
…		…
387	sub no_delay {	577	sub no_delay {
388	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
389		579
390	eval {	580	eval {
391	local $SIG{__DIE__};	581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
392	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
393	};	584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		608
		609	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub rbuf_max {
		614	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
394	}	615	}
395		616
396	#############################################################################	617	#############################################################################
397		618
398	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	619	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
403		624
404	sub timeout {	625	sub timeout {
405	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	626	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
406		627
407	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	628	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;
		629	delete $self->{_tw};
408	$self->_timeout;	630	$self->_timeout;
409	}	631	}
410		632
411	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	633	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
412	# also check for time-outs	634	# also check for time-outs
413	sub _timeout {	635	sub _timeout {
414	my ($self) = @_;	636	my ($self) = @_;
415		637
416	if ($self->{timeout}) {	638	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
417	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	639	my $NOW = AE::now;
418		640
419	# when would the timeout trigger?	641	# when would the timeout trigger?
420	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	642	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
421		643
422	# now or in the past already?	644	# now or in the past already?
…		…
424	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	646	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
425		647
426	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	648	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
427	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	649	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
428	} else {	650	} else {
429	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	651	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
430	}	652	}
431		653
432	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	654	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
433	return unless $self->{timeout};	655	return unless $self->{timeout};
434		656
…		…
437	}	659	}
438		660
439	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	661	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
440	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self	662	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
441		663
442	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {	664	$self->{_tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
443	delete $self->{_tw};	665	delete $self->{_tw};
444	$self->_timeout;	666	$self->_timeout;
445	});	667	};
446	} else {	668	} else {
447	delete $self->{_tw};	669	delete $self->{_tw};
448	}	670	}
449	}	671	}
450		672
…		…
476	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	698	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
477		699
478	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	700	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
479		701
480	$cb->($self)	702	$cb->($self)
481	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	703	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
482	}	704	}
483		705
484	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	706	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
485		707
486	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	708	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
497	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	719	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
498		720
499	my $cb = sub {	721	my $cb = sub {
500	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	722	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
501		723
502	if ($len >= 0) {	724	if (defined $len) {
503	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	725	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
504		726
505	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	727	$self->{_activity} = AE::now;
506		728
507	$self->{on_drain}($self)	729	$self->{on_drain}($self)
508	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	730	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
509	&& $self->{on_drain};	731	&& $self->{on_drain};
510		732
511	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	733	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
512	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	734	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
513	$self->_error ($!, 1);	735	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
516		738
517	# try to write data immediately	739	# try to write data immediately
518	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	740	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
519		741
520	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	742	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
521	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	743	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
522	if length $self->{wbuf};	744	if length $self->{wbuf};
523	};	745	};
524	}	746	}
525		747
526	our %WH;	748	our %WH;
…		…
537		759
538	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	760	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
539	->($self, @_);	761	->($self, @_);
540	}	762	}
541		763
542	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	764	if ($self->{tls}) {
543	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	765	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		766	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
544	} else {	767	} else {
545	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	768	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
546	$self->_drain_wbuf;	769	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
547	}	770	}
548	}	771	}
549		772
550	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	773	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
551		774
…		…
565	=cut	788	=cut
566		789
567	register_write_type netstring => sub {	790	register_write_type netstring => sub {
568	my ($self, $string) = @_;	791	my ($self, $string) = @_;
569		792
570	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	793	(length $string) . ":$string,"
571	};	794	};
572		795
573	=item packstring => $format, $data	796	=item packstring => $format, $data
574		797
575	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	798	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
640		863
641	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	864	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
642	};	865	};
643		866
644	=back	867	=back
		868
		869	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		870
		871	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		872	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		873	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		874	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		875	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		876
		877	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		878
		879	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		880	the peer.
		881
		882	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		883	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		884
		885	=cut
		886
		887	sub push_shutdown {
		888	my ($self) = @_;
		889
		890	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		891	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		892	}
645		893
646	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	894	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
647		895
648	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	896	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
649	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	897	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
743	=cut	991	=cut
744		992
745	sub _drain_rbuf {	993	sub _drain_rbuf {
746	my ($self) = @_;	994	my ($self) = @_;
747		995
		996	# avoid recursion
		997	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
748	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	998	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
749
750	if (
751	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
752	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
753	) {
754	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
755	}
756		999
757	while () {	1000	while () {
		1001	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1002	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1003	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1004	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1005
758	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1006	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
759		1007
760	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1008	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
761	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1009	unless ($cb->($self)) {
762	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1010	# no progress can be made
763	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1011	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
764	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1012	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
765	}	1013	if $self->{_eof};
766		1014
767	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1015	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
768	last;	1016	last;
769	}	1017	}
770	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1018	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
777	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1025	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
778	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1026	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
779	) {	1027	) {
780	# no further data will arrive	1028	# no further data will arrive
781	# so no progress can be made	1029	# so no progress can be made
782	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1030	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
783	if $self->{_eof};	1031	if $self->{_eof};
784		1032
785	last; # more data might arrive	1033	last; # more data might arrive
786	}	1034	}
787	} else {	1035	} else {
788	# read side becomes idle	1036	# read side becomes idle
789	delete $self->{_rw};	1037	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
790	last;	1038	last;
791	}	1039	}
792	}	1040	}
793		1041
794	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1042	if ($self->{_eof}) {
795	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1043	$self->{on_eof}
796	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1044	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
797	} else {	1045	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
798	$self->_error (0, 1);	1046
799	}	1047	return;
		1048	}
		1049
		1050	if (
		1051	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1052	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1053	) {
		1054	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
800	}	1055	}
801		1056
802	# may need to restart read watcher	1057	# may need to restart read watcher
803	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1058	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
804	$self->start_read	1059	$self->start_read
…		…
816		1071
817	sub on_read {	1072	sub on_read {
818	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1073	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
819		1074
820	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1075	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
821	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1076	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
822	}	1077	}
823		1078
824	=item $handle->rbuf	1079	=item $handle->rbuf
825		1080
826	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1081	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
827		1082
828	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1083	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
829	you want.	1084	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1085	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1086	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1087	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
830		1088
831	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1089	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
832	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1090	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
833	automatically manage the read buffer.	1091	automatically manage the read buffer.
834		1092
…		…
875	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1133	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
876	->($self, $cb, @_);	1134	->($self, $cb, @_);
877	}	1135	}
878		1136
879	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1137	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
880	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1138	$self->_drain_rbuf;
881	}	1139	}
882		1140
883	sub unshift_read {	1141	sub unshift_read {
884	my $self = shift;	1142	my $self = shift;
885	my $cb = pop;	1143	my $cb = pop;
…		…
891	->($self, $cb, @_);	1149	->($self, $cb, @_);
892	}	1150	}
893		1151
894		1152
895	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1153	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
896	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1154	$self->_drain_rbuf;
897	}	1155	}
898		1156
899	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1157	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
900		1158
901	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1159	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1034	return 1;	1292	return 1;
1035	}	1293	}
1036		1294
1037	# reject	1295	# reject
1038	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1296	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1039	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1297	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1040	}	1298	}
1041		1299
1042	# skip	1300	# skip
1043	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1301	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1044	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1302	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1060	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1318	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1061		1319
1062	sub {	1320	sub {
1063	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1321	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1064	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1322	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1065	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1323	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1066	}	1324	}
1067	return;	1325	return;
1068	}	1326	}
1069		1327
1070	my $len = $1;	1328	my $len = $1;
…		…
1073	my $string = $_[1];	1331	my $string = $_[1];
1074	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1332	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1075	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1333	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1076	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1334	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1077	} else {	1335	} else {
1078	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1336	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1079	}	1337	}
1080	});	1338	});
1081	});	1339	});
1082		1340
1083	1	1341	1
…		…
1089	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1347	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1090	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1348	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1091	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1349	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1092	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1350	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1093		1351
1094	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1352	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1353	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1095		1354
1096	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1355	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1097	format (very efficient).	1356	format (very efficient).
1098		1357
1099	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1358	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1129	}	1388	}
1130	};	1389	};
1131		1390
1132	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1391	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1133		1392
1134	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1393	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1394	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1135		1395
1136	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1396	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1137	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1397	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1138		1398
1139	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1399	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1148	=cut	1408	=cut
1149		1409
1150	register_read_type json => sub {	1410	register_read_type json => sub {
1151	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1411	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1152		1412
1153	require JSON;	1413	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1414	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1415	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1154		1416
1155	my $data;	1417	my $data;
1156	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1418	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1157		1419
1158	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1159
1160	sub {	1420	sub {
1161	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1421	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1162		1422
1163	if ($ref) {	1423	if ($ref) {
1164	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1424	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1165	$json->incr_text = "";	1425	$json->incr_text = "";
1166	$cb->($self, $ref);	1426	$cb->($self, $ref);
1167		1427
1168	1	1428	1
		1429	} elsif ($@) {
		1430	# error case
		1431	$json->incr_skip;
		1432
		1433	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1434	$json->incr_text = "";
		1435
		1436	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1437
		1438	()
1169	} else {	1439	} else {
1170	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1440	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1441
1171	()	1442	()
1172	}	1443	}
1173	}	1444	}
1174	};	1445	};
1175		1446
…		…
1207	# read remaining chunk	1478	# read remaining chunk
1208	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1479	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1209	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1480	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1210	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1481	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1211	} else {	1482	} else {
1212	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1483	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1213	}	1484	}
1214	});	1485	});
1215	}	1486	}
1216		1487
1217	1	1488	1
…		…
1252	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1523	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1253	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1524	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1254	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1525	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1255	there are any read requests in the queue.	1526	there are any read requests in the queue.
1256		1527
		1528	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1529	half-duplex connections).
		1530
1257	=cut	1531	=cut
1258		1532
1259	sub stop_read {	1533	sub stop_read {
1260	my ($self) = @_;	1534	my ($self) = @_;
1261		1535
1262	delete $self->{_rw};	1536	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1263	}	1537	}
1264		1538
1265	sub start_read {	1539	sub start_read {
1266	my ($self) = @_;	1540	my ($self) = @_;
1267		1541
1268	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1542	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1269	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1543	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1270		1544
1271	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1545	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1272	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1546	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1273	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1547	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1274		1548
1275	if ($len > 0) {	1549	if ($len > 0) {
1276	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1550	$self->{_activity} = AE::now;
1277		1551
1278	$self->{filter_r}	1552	if ($self->{tls}) {
1279	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1553	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1280	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1554
		1555	&_dotls ($self);
		1556	} else {
		1557	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1558	}
1281		1559
1282	} elsif (defined $len) {	1560	} elsif (defined $len) {
1283	delete $self->{_rw};	1561	delete $self->{_rw};
1284	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1562	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1285	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1563	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1286		1564
1287	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1565	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1288	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1566	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1289	}	1567	}
1290	});	1568	};
1291	}	1569	}
1292	}	1570	}
1293		1571
		1572	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1573	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1574
		1575	sub _tls_error {
		1576	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1577
		1578	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1579	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1580
		1581	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1582
		1583	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1584	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1585
		1586	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1587	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1588	&_freetls;
		1589	} else {
		1590	&_freetls;
		1591	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1592	}
		1593	}
		1594
		1595	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1596	# also decode read data if possible
		1597	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1598	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1599	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1294	sub _dotls {	1600	sub _dotls {
1295	my ($self) = @_;	1601	my ($self) = @_;
1296		1602
1297	my $buf;	1603	my $tmp;
1298		1604
1299	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1605	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1300	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1606	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1301	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1607	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1302	}	1608	}
1303	}
1304		1609
		1610	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1611	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1612	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1613	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1614	}
		1615
		1616	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1617	unless (length $tmp) {
		1618	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1619	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1620	&_freetls;
		1621
		1622	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1623	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1624	return;
		1625	} else {
		1626	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1627	delete $self->{_rw};
		1628	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1629	}
		1630	}
		1631
		1632	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1633	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1634	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1635	}
		1636
		1637	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1638	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1639	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1640	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1641
1305	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1642	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1306	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1643	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1307	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1644	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1308	}	1645	}
1309		1646
1310	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1647	$self->{_on_starttls}
1311	if (length $buf) {	1648	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1312	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1649	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1313	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1314	} else {
1315	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1316	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1317	$self->_shutdown;
1318	return;
1319	}
1320	}
1321
1322	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1323
1324	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1325	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1326	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1327	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1328	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1329	}
1330
1331	# all others are fine for our purposes
1332	}
1333	}	1650	}
1334		1651
1335	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1652	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1336		1653
1337	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1654	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1338	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1655	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1339	C<starttls>.	1656	C<starttls>.
1340		1657
		1658	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1659	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1660	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1661
1341	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1662	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1342	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1663	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1343		1664
1344	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1665	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1345	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1666	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1667	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1668	construct a new context.
1346		1669
1347	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1670	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1348	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1671	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1349	might have already started when this function returns.	1672	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1673	when this function returns.
1350		1674
		1675	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1676	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1677	stopping TLS.
		1678
1351	=cut	1679	=cut
		1680
		1681	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1352		1682
1353	sub starttls {	1683	sub starttls {
1354	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1684	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1355		1685
1356	$self->stoptls;	1686	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1687	if $self->{tls};
1357		1688
1358	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1689	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1359	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1690	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1360	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1691
1361	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1692	return unless $self->{fh};
1362	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1693
1363	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1694	require Net::SSLeay;
		1695
		1696	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1697	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1698
		1699	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1700	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1701
		1702	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1703
		1704	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1705	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1706
		1707	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1708	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1709	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1710	} else {
		1711	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1712	}
		1713	}
1364	}	1714
1365		1715	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1366	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1716	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1367		1717
1368	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1718	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1369	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1719	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1370	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1720	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1371	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1721	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1372	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1722	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1373	#	1723	#
1374	# in short: this is a mess.	1724	# in short: this is a mess.
1375	#	1725	#
1376	# note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1726	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1377	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1727	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1378	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.	1728	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1729	# have identity issues in that area.
1379	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1730	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1380	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1731	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1381	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1732	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1733	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1382		1734
1383	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1735	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1384	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1736	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1385		1737
		1738	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1739
1386	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1740	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1387		1741
1388	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1742	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1389	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1743	if $self->{on_starttls};
1390	&_dotls;	1744
1391	};	1745	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1392	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1746	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1393	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1394	&_dotls;
1395	};
1396	}	1747	}
1397		1748
1398	=item $handle->stoptls	1749	=item $handle->stoptls
1399		1750
1400	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1751	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1401	lost.	1752	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1753	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1754	the stream afterwards.
1402		1755
1403	=cut	1756	=cut
1404		1757
1405	sub stoptls {	1758	sub stoptls {
1406	my ($self) = @_;	1759	my ($self) = @_;
1407		1760
1408	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1761	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1762	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1409		1763
1410	delete $self->{_rbio};	1764	&_dotls;
1411	delete $self->{_wbio};	1765
1412	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1766	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1413	delete $self->{filter_r};	1767	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1414	delete $self->{filter_w};	1768	# &_freetls;#d#
		1769	}
		1770	}
		1771
		1772	sub _freetls {
		1773	my ($self) = @_;
		1774
		1775	return unless $self->{tls};
		1776
		1777	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1778	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1779
		1780	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1415	}	1781	}
1416		1782
1417	sub DESTROY {	1783	sub DESTROY {
1418	my $self = shift;	1784	my ($self) = @_;
1419		1785
1420	$self->stoptls;	1786	&_freetls;
1421		1787
1422	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1788	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1423		1789
1424	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1790	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1425	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1791	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1426	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1792	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1427		1793
1428	my @linger;	1794	my @linger;
1429		1795
1430	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1796	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1431	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1797	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1432		1798
1433	if ($len > 0) {	1799	if ($len > 0) {
1434	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1800	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1435	} else {	1801	} else {
1436	@linger = (); # end	1802	@linger = (); # end
1437	}	1803	}
1438	});	1804	};
1439	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1805	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1440	@linger = ();	1806	@linger = ();
1441	});	1807	};
1442	}	1808	}
		1809	}
		1810
		1811	=item $handle->destroy
		1812
		1813	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1814	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1815	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1816	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1817	empty list).
		1818
		1819	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1820	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1821	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1822	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1823	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1824	that case.
		1825
		1826	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1827	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1828	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1829	reference cycles.
		1830
		1831	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1832	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1833
		1834	=cut
		1835
		1836	sub destroy {
		1837	my ($self) = @_;
		1838
		1839	$self->DESTROY;
		1840	%$self = ();
		1841	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1842	}
		1843
		1844	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1845	#nop
1443	}	1846	}
1444		1847
1445	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1848	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1446		1849
1447	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1850	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1448	default for TLS mode.	1851	for TLS mode.
1449		1852
1450	The context is created like this:	1853	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1451
1452	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1453	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1454	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1455
1456	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1457
1458	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1459		1854
1460	=cut	1855	=cut
1461		1856
1462	our $TLS_CTX;	1857	our $TLS_CTX;
1463		1858
1464	sub TLS_CTX() {	1859	sub TLS_CTX() {
1465	$TLS_CTX || do {	1860	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1466	require Net::SSLeay;	1861	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1467		1862
1468	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1863	new AnyEvent::TLS
1469	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1470	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1471
1472	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1473
1474	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1475
1476	$TLS_CTX
1477	}	1864	}
1478	}	1865	}
1479		1866
1480	=back	1867	=back
		1868
		1869
		1870	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1871
		1872	=over 4
		1873
		1874	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1875	still get further invocations!
		1876
		1877	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1878	read or write callbacks.
		1879
		1880	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1881	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1882	->destroy >> method.
		1883
		1884	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1885	reading?
		1886
		1887	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1888	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1889	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1890	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1891
		1892	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1893	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1894	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1895
		1896	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1897	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1898	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1899	C<destroy> method.
		1900
		1901	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1902
		1903	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1904	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1905	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1906	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1907
		1908	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1909	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1910	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1911	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1912	});
		1913
		1914	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1915	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1916	fact, all data has been received.
		1917
		1918	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1919	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1920	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1921	explicit QUIT command.
		1922
		1923	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1924	all data has been written?
		1925
		1926	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1927	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1928	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1929	written to the socket:
		1930
		1931	$handle->push_write (...);
		1932	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1933	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1934	undef $handle;
		1935	});
		1936
		1937	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1938	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1939
		1940	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1941
		1942	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1943	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1944	parameter:
		1945
		1946	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1947	my ($fh) = @_;
		1948
		1949	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1950	fh => $fh,
		1951	tls => "connect",
		1952	on_error => sub { ... };
		1953
		1954	$handle->push_write (...);
		1955	};
		1956
		1957	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1958
		1959	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1960	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1961	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1962
		1963	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1964
		1965	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1966	my ($fh) = @_;
		1967
		1968	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1969	fh => $fh,
		1970	peername => $host,
		1971	tls => "connect",
		1972	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1973	...
		1974
		1975	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1976	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1977	peername verification will be done.
		1978
		1979	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1980	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1981	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1982
		1983	tls_ctx => {
		1984	verify => 1,
		1985	verify_peername => "https",
		1986	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1987	},
		1988
		1989	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1990
		1991	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1992	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1993	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1994	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1995	nice program for that purpose).
		1996
		1997	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1998	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1999	file should then look like this:
		2000
		2001	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2002	...header data
		2003	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2004	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2005
		2006	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2007	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2008	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2009
		2010	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2011	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2012
		2013	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2014	my ($fh) = @_;
		2015
		2016	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2017	fh => $fh,
		2018	tls => "accept",
		2019	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2020	...
		2021
		2022	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2023	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2024
		2025	=back
		2026
1481		2027
1482	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2028	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1483		2029
1484	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2030	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1485		2031

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