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Comparing AnyEvent/lib/AnyEvent/Handle.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.61 by root, Fri Jun 6 10:23:50 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.149 by root, Thu Jul 16 03:48:33 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
…		…
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = 4.14;	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	warn "got error $_[2]\n";
33	},	32	$cv->send;
34	);	33	);
35		34
36	# send some request line	35	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	36	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		37
39	# read the response line	38	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	39	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	40	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	41	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	42	$cv->send;
44	});	43	});
45		44
46	$cv->recv;	45	$cv->recv;
47		46
…		…
49		48
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		52
		53	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		54	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		55
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	56	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	57	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	58	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		59
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	60	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		62
61	=head1 METHODS	63	=head1 METHODS
62		64
63	=over 4	65	=over 4
64		66
65	=item B<new (%args)>	67	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		68
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	69	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		70
69	=over 4	71	=over 4
70		72
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	73	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		74
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	75	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		76
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	81	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		82
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	83	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	84	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	85	connection cleanly.
83		86
		87	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		88	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		89	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		90	down.
		91
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	92	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an EOF callback,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	93	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
86	waiting for data.	94	waiting for data.
87		95
		96	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		97	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		98
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	99	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		100
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	101	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	102	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	103	connect or a read error.
93		104
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	105	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	106	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		107	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		108	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		109	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		110
		111	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		112	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		113	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		114	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		115
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	116	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	117	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	118	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		119	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		120
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	121	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	122	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		123	C<EPROTO>).
102		124
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	125	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	126	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	127	C<croak>.
106		128
…		…
110	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	132	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
111	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	133	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
112	read buffer).	134	read buffer).
113		135
114	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	136	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
115	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	137	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		138	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		139	the beginning from it.
116		140
117	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	141	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
118	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	142	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
119	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	143	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
120	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	144	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
…		…
124	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	148	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
125	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	149	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
126		150
127	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	151	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
128		152
		153	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		154	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		155	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		156	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		157	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		158
129	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	159	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
130		160
131	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	161	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
132	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	162	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
133	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	163	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
134	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	164	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
135		165
136	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	166	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
137	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	167	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
138	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	168	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
139	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	169	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		170	restart the timeout.
140		171
141	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	172	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
142		173
143	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	174	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
144		175
…		…
148		179
149	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	180	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
150		181
151	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	182	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
152	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	183	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
153	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	184	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
154		185
155	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	186	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
156	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	187	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
157	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	188	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
158	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	189	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
159	isn't finished).	190	isn't finished).
160		191
		192	=item autocork => <boolean>
		193
		194	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		195	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		196	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		197	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		198	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		199	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		200
		201	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		202	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		203	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		204	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		205
		206	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		207
		208	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		209	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		210	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		211
		212	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		213	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		214
		215	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		216	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		217
161	=item read_size => <bytes>	218	=item read_size => <bytes>
162		219
163	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	220	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
164	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	221	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		222	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
165		223
166	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	224	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
167		225
168	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	226	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
169	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	227	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
170	considered empty.	228	considered empty.
171		229
		230	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		231	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		232	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		233	is good in almost all cases.
		234
		235	=item linger => <seconds>
		236
		237	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		238	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		239	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		240	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		241	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		242
		243	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		244	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		245	help.
		246
		247	=item peername => $string
		248
		249	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		250	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		251
		252	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		253	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		254	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		255	C<undef>.
		256
172	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	257	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
173		258
174	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	259	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
175	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	260	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
176	data.	261	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		262
		263	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		264	appropriate error message.
177		265
178	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	266	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
179	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	267	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		268	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		269	to add the dependency yourself.
180		270
181	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	271	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
182	connection, use C<connect> mode.	272	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		273	mode.
183		274
184	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	275	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
185	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	276	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
186	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	277	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
187	AnyEvent::Handle.	278	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		279	object.
188		280
		281	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		282	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		283	away.
		284
		285	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		286	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		287	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		288	segmentation fault.
		289
189	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	290	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
190		291
191	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	292	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
192		293
193	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	294	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
194	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	295	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
195	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	296	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
196		297
		298	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		299	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		300	new TLS context object.
		301
		302	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		303
		304	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		305	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		306	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		307
		308	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		309	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		310
		311	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		312	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		313
		314	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		315	called, as normal.
		316
		317	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		318	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		319	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		320
		321	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		322
		323	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		324	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		325	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		326	on the handle.
		327
		328	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		329	callback.
		330
		331	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		332	underlying handle signals EOF.
		333
197	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	334	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
198		335
199	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	336	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
200		337
201	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	338	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
202	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	339	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		340	texts.
203		341
204	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	342	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
205	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	343	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
206		344
207	=item filter_r => $cb
208
209	=item filter_w => $cb
210
211	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
212
213	=back	345	=back
214		346
215	=cut	347	=cut
216		348
217	sub new {	349	sub new {
218	my $class = shift;	350	my $class = shift;
219
220	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	351	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
221		352
222	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	353	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
223		354
224	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	355	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
225
226	if ($self->{tls}) {
227	require Net::SSLeay;
228	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
229	}
230		356
231	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	357	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
232	$self->_timeout;	358	$self->_timeout;
233		359
		360	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		361
		362	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		363	if $self->{tls};
		364
234	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	365	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
235		366
236	$self	367	$self->start_read
237	}	368	if $self->{on_read};
238		369
		370	$self->{fh} && $self
		371	}
		372
239	sub _shutdown {	373	#sub _shutdown {
240	my ($self) = @_;	374	# my ($self) = @_;
241		375	#
242	delete $self->{_tw};	376	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
243	delete $self->{_rw};	377	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
244	delete $self->{_ww};	378	#
245	delete $self->{fh};	379	# &_freetls;
246		380	#}
247	$self->stoptls;
248	}
249		381
250	sub _error {	382	sub _error {
251	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	383	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
252
253	$self->_shutdown
254	if $fatal;
255		384
256	$! = $errno;	385	$! = $errno;
		386	$message ||= "$!";
257		387
258	if ($self->{on_error}) {	388	if ($self->{on_error}) {
259	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	389	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
260	} else {	390	$self->destroy;
		391	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		392	$self->destroy;
261	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	393	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
262	}	394	}
263	}	395	}
264		396
265	=item $fh = $handle->fh	397	=item $fh = $handle->fh
266		398
267	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	399	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
268		400
269	=cut	401	=cut
270		402
271	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	403	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
272		404
…		…
290	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	422	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
291	}	423	}
292		424
293	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	425	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
294		426
295	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	427	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
296	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	428	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
297	argument.	429	argument and method.
298		430
299	=cut	431	=cut
300		432
301	sub on_timeout {	433	sub on_timeout {
302	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	434	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		435	}
		436
		437	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		438
		439	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		440	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		441
		442	=cut
		443
		444	sub autocork {
		445	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		446	}
		447
		448	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		449
		450	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		451	the same name for details).
		452
		453	=cut
		454
		455	sub no_delay {
		456	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		457
		458	eval {
		459	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		460	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		461	};
		462	}
		463
		464	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		465
		466	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		467
		468	=cut
		469
		470	sub on_starttls {
		471	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		472	}
		473
		474	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		475
		476	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		477
		478	=cut
		479
		480	sub on_starttls {
		481	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
303	}	482	}
304		483
305	#############################################################################	484	#############################################################################
306		485
307	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	486	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
385	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	564	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
386		565
387	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	566	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
388		567
389	$cb->($self)	568	$cb->($self)
390	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	569	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
391	}	570	}
392		571
393	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	572	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
394		573
395	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	574	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
406	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	585	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
407		586
408	my $cb = sub {	587	my $cb = sub {
409	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	588	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
410		589
411	if ($len >= 0) {	590	if (defined $len) {
412	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	591	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
413		592
414	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	593	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
415		594
416	$self->{on_drain}($self)	595	$self->{on_drain}($self)
417	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	596	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
418	&& $self->{on_drain};	597	&& $self->{on_drain};
419		598
420	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	599	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
421	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	600	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
422	$self->_error ($!, 1);	601	$self->_error ($!, 1);
423	}	602	}
424	};	603	};
425		604
426	# try to write data immediately	605	# try to write data immediately
427	$cb->();	606	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
428		607
429	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	608	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
430	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	609	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
431	if length $self->{wbuf};	610	if length $self->{wbuf};
432	};	611	};
…		…
446		625
447	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	626	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
448	->($self, @_);	627	->($self, @_);
449	}	628	}
450		629
451	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	630	if ($self->{tls}) {
452	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	631	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		632
		633	&_dotls ($self);
453	} else {	634	} else {
454	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	635	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
455	$self->_drain_wbuf;	636	$self->_drain_wbuf;
456	}	637	}
457	}	638	}
…		…
474	=cut	655	=cut
475		656
476	register_write_type netstring => sub {	657	register_write_type netstring => sub {
477	my ($self, $string) = @_;	658	my ($self, $string) = @_;
478		659
479	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	660	(length $string) . ":$string,"
480	};	661	};
481		662
482	=item packstring => $format, $data	663	=item packstring => $format, $data
483		664
484	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	665	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
489	=cut	670	=cut
490		671
491	register_write_type packstring => sub {	672	register_write_type packstring => sub {
492	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;	673	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
493		674
494	pack "$format/a", $string	675	pack "$format/a*", $string
495	};	676	};
496		677
497	=item json => $array_or_hashref	678	=item json => $array_or_hashref
498		679
499	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	680	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
533		714
534	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	715	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
535	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	716	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
536	};	717	};
537		718
		719	=item storable => $reference
		720
		721	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		722	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		723
		724	=cut
		725
		726	register_write_type storable => sub {
		727	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		728
		729	require Storable;
		730
		731	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		732	};
		733
538	=back	734	=back
		735
		736	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		737
		738	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		739	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		740	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		741	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		742	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		743
		744	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		745
		746	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		747	the peer.
		748
		749	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		750	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		751
		752	=cut
		753
		754	sub push_shutdown {
		755	my ($self) = @_;
		756
		757	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		758	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		759	}
539		760
540	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	761	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
541		762
542	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	763	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
543	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	764	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
564	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	785	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
565	a queue.	786	a queue.
566		787
567	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	788	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
568	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	789	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
569	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	790	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
570	or not.	791	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		792	partial message has been received so far).
571		793
572	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	794	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
573	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	795	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
574	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	796	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
575	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	797	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
…		…
593	# handle xml	815	# handle xml
594	});	816	});
595	});	817	});
596	});	818	});
597		819
598	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	820	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
599	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	821	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
600	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	822	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
601	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	823	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
602	the callbacks:	824	in the callbacks.
603		825
604	# request one	826	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		827	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		828	64-byte chunk callback.
		829
		830	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
605	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	831	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
606		832
607	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	833	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
608	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	834	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
609	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	835	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
616	...	842	...
617	});	843	});
618	}	844	}
619	});	845	});
620		846
621	# request two	847	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
622	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	848	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
623		849
624	# simply read 64 bytes, always	850	# simply read 64 bytes, always
625	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	851	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
626	my $response = $_[1];	852	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
638		864
639	if (	865	if (
640	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	866	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
641	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	867	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
642	) {	868	) {
643	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	869	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
644	}	870	}
645		871
646	while () {	872	while () {
647	no strict 'refs';	873	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		874	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		875	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
648		876
649	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	877	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
650		878
651	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	879	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
652	unless ($cb->($self)) {	880	unless ($cb->($self)) {
653	if ($self->{_eof}) {	881	if ($self->{_eof}) {
654	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	882	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
655	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;	883	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
656	}	884	}
657		885
658	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	886	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
659	last;	887	last;
660	}	888	}
…		…
668	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	896	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
669	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	897	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
670	) {	898	) {
671	# no further data will arrive	899	# no further data will arrive
672	# so no progress can be made	900	# so no progress can be made
673	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last	901	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
674	if $self->{_eof};	902	if $self->{_eof};
675		903
676	last; # more data might arrive	904	last; # more data might arrive
677	}	905	}
678	} else {	906	} else {
679	# read side becomes idle	907	# read side becomes idle
680	delete $self->{_rw};	908	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
681	last;	909	last;
682	}	910	}
683	}	911	}
684		912
		913	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		914	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
685	$self->{on_eof}($self)	915	$self->{on_eof}($self)
686	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	916	} else {
		917	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		918	}
		919	}
687		920
688	# may need to restart read watcher	921	# may need to restart read watcher
689	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	922	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
690	$self->start_read	923	$self->start_read
691	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	924	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
709		942
710	=item $handle->rbuf	943	=item $handle->rbuf
711		944
712	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	945	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
713		946
714	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	947	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
715	you want.	948	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		949	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		950	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		951	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
716		952
717	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	953	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
718	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	954	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
719	automatically manage the read buffer.	955	automatically manage the read buffer.
720		956
…		…
817	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1053	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
818	1	1054	1
819	}	1055	}
820	};	1056	};
821		1057
822	# compatibility with older API
823	sub push_read_chunk {
824	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
825	}
826
827	sub unshift_read_chunk {
828	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
829	}
830
831	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1058	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
832		1059
833	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1060	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
834	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1061	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
835	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1062	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
850	=cut	1077	=cut
851		1078
852	register_read_type line => sub {	1079	register_read_type line => sub {
853	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1080	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
854		1081
855	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1082	if (@_ < 3) {
		1083	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1084	sub {
		1085	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1086
		1087	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1088	1
		1089	}
		1090	} else {
856	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1091	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
857	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1092	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
858		1093
859	sub {	1094	sub {
860	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1095	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
861		1096
862	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1097	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1098	1
863	1	1099	}
864	}	1100	}
865	};	1101	};
866
867	# compatibility with older API
868	sub push_read_line {
869	my $self = shift;
870	$self->push_read (line => @_);
871	}
872
873	sub unshift_read_line {
874	my $self = shift;
875	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
876	}
877		1102
878	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1103	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
879		1104
880	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1105	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
881	everything up to and including the match.	1106	everything up to and including the match.
…		…
986	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1211	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
987	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1212	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
988	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1213	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
989	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1214	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
990		1215
991	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1216	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1217	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
992		1218
993	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1219	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
994	format (very efficient).	1220	format (very efficient).
995		1221
996	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1222	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1002	register_read_type packstring => sub {	1228	register_read_type packstring => sub {
1003	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;	1229	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1004		1230
1005	sub {	1231	sub {
1006	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1232	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1007	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1233	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1008	or return;	1234	or return;
1009		1235
		1236	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1237
		1238	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1239	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1240	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1241	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1242	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1243	} else {
1010	# remove prefix	1244	# remove prefix
1011	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack $format, $len), "";	1245	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1012		1246
1013	# read rest	1247	# read remaining chunk
1014	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);	1248	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1249	}
1015		1250
1016	1	1251	1
1017	}	1252	}
1018	};	1253	};
1019		1254
1020	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1255	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1021		1256
1022	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1257	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1258	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1023		1259
1024	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1260	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1025	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1261	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1026		1262
1027	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1263	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1034	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1270	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
1035		1271
1036	=cut	1272	=cut
1037		1273
1038	register_read_type json => sub {	1274	register_read_type json => sub {
1039	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1275	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1040		1276
1041	require JSON;	1277	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1278	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1279	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1042		1280
1043	my $data;	1281	my $data;
1044	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1282	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1045		1283
1046	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1047
1048	sub {	1284	sub {
1049	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1285	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1050		1286
1051	if ($ref) {	1287	if ($ref) {
1052	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1288	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1053	$json->incr_text = "";	1289	$json->incr_text = "";
1054	$cb->($self, $ref);	1290	$cb->($self, $ref);
1055		1291
1056	1	1292	1
		1293	} elsif ($@) {
		1294	# error case
		1295	$json->incr_skip;
		1296
		1297	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1298	$json->incr_text = "";
		1299
		1300	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
		1301
		1302	()
1057	} else {	1303	} else {
1058	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1304	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1305
1059	()	1306	()
1060	}	1307	}
		1308	}
		1309	};
		1310
		1311	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1312
		1313	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1314	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1315	data).
		1316
		1317	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1318
		1319	=cut
		1320
		1321	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1322	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1323
		1324	require Storable;
		1325
		1326	sub {
		1327	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1328	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1329	or return;
		1330
		1331	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1332
		1333	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1334	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1335	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1336	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1337	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1338	} else {
		1339	# remove prefix
		1340	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1341
		1342	# read remaining chunk
		1343	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1344	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1345	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1346	} else {
		1347	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
		1348	}
		1349	});
		1350	}
		1351
		1352	1
1061	}	1353	}
1062	};	1354	};
1063		1355
1064	=back	1356	=back
1065		1357
…		…
1095	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1387	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1096	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1388	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1097	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1389	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1098	there are any read requests in the queue.	1390	there are any read requests in the queue.
1099		1391
		1392	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1393	half-duplex connections).
		1394
1100	=cut	1395	=cut
1101		1396
1102	sub stop_read {	1397	sub stop_read {
1103	my ($self) = @_;	1398	my ($self) = @_;
1104		1399
1105	delete $self->{_rw};	1400	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1106	}	1401	}
1107		1402
1108	sub start_read {	1403	sub start_read {
1109	my ($self) = @_;	1404	my ($self) = @_;
1110		1405
1111	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1406	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1112	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1407	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1113		1408
1114	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1409	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1115	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1410	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1116	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1411	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1117		1412
1118	if ($len > 0) {	1413	if ($len > 0) {
1119	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1414	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1120		1415
1121	$self->{filter_r}	1416	if ($self->{tls}) {
1122	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1417	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1123	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1418
		1419	&_dotls ($self);
		1420	} else {
		1421	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1422	}
1124		1423
1125	} elsif (defined $len) {	1424	} elsif (defined $len) {
1126	delete $self->{_rw};	1425	delete $self->{_rw};
1127	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1426	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1128	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1427	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
…		…
1132	}	1431	}
1133	});	1432	});
1134	}	1433	}
1135	}	1434	}
1136		1435
		1436	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1437	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1438
		1439	sub _tls_error {
		1440	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1441
		1442	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1443	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1444
		1445	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1446
		1447	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1448	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1449
		1450	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1451	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1452	&_freetls;
		1453	} else {
		1454	&_freetls;
		1455	$self->_error (&Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1456	}
		1457	}
		1458
		1459	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1460	# also decode read data if possible
		1461	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1462	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1463	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1137	sub _dotls {	1464	sub _dotls {
1138	my ($self) = @_;	1465	my ($self) = @_;
1139		1466
1140	my $buf;	1467	my $tmp;
1141		1468
1142	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1469	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1143	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1470	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1144	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1471	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1145	}	1472	}
1146	}
1147		1473
		1474	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1475	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1476	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1477	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1478	}
		1479
		1480	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1481	unless (length $tmp) {
		1482	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1483	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1484	&_freetls;
		1485
		1486	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1487	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1488	return;
		1489	} else {
		1490	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1491	delete $self->{_rw};
		1492	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1493	}
		1494	}
		1495
		1496	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1497	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1498	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1499	}
		1500
		1501	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1502	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1503	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1504	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1505
1148	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1506	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1149	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1507	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1150	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1508	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1151	}	1509	}
1152		1510
1153	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1511	$self->{_on_starttls}
1154	if (length $buf) {	1512	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1155	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1513	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1156	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1157	} else {
1158	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1159	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1160	$self->_shutdown;
1161	return;
1162	}
1163	}
1164
1165	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1166
1167	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1168	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1169	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1170	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1171	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1172	}
1173
1174	# all others are fine for our purposes
1175	}
1176	}	1514	}
1177		1515
1178	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1516	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1179		1517
1180	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1518	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
1182	C<starttls>.	1520	C<starttls>.
1183		1521
1184	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1522	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1185	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1523	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1186		1524
1187	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1525	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1188	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1526	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1527	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1528	construct a new context.
1189		1529
1190	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1530	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1191	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1531	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1192	might have already started when this function returns.	1532	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1533	when this function returns.
1193		1534
		1535	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1536	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1537
1194	=cut	1538	=cut
		1539
		1540	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1195		1541
1196	sub starttls {	1542	sub starttls {
1197	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1543	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1198		1544
1199	$self->stoptls;	1545	require Net::SSLeay;
1200		1546
1201	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1547	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1202	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1548	if $self->{tls};
1203	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1549
1204	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1550	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1205	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1551	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1206	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1552
		1553	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1554
		1555	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1556	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1557
		1558	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1559
		1560	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1561	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1562	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1563	} else {
		1564	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1565	}
		1566	}
1207	}	1567
1208		1568	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1209	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1569	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1210		1570
1211	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1571	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1212	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1572	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1213	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1573	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1214	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1574	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1215	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1575	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1576	#
		1577	# in short: this is a mess.
		1578	#
		1579	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1580	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1581	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1582	# have identity issues in that area.
1216	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1583	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1217	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1584	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1218	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1585	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1586	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1219		1587
1220	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1588	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1221	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1589	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1222		1590
1223	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1591	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1224		1592
1225	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1593	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1226	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1594	if $self->{on_starttls};
1227	&_dotls;	1595
1228	};	1596	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1229	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1597	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1230	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1231	&_dotls;
1232	};
1233	}	1598	}
1234		1599
1235	=item $handle->stoptls	1600	=item $handle->stoptls
1236		1601
1237	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1602	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1238	lost.	1603	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1604	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1605	afterwards.
1239		1606
1240	=cut	1607	=cut
1241		1608
1242	sub stoptls {	1609	sub stoptls {
1243	my ($self) = @_;	1610	my ($self) = @_;
1244		1611
1245	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1612	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1613	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1246		1614
1247	delete $self->{_rbio};	1615	&_dotls;
1248	delete $self->{_wbio};	1616
1249	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1617	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1250	delete $self->{filter_r};	1618	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1251	delete $self->{filter_w};	1619	# &_freetls;#d#
		1620	}
		1621	}
		1622
		1623	sub _freetls {
		1624	my ($self) = @_;
		1625
		1626	return unless $self->{tls};
		1627
		1628	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1629
		1630	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1252	}	1631	}
1253		1632
1254	sub DESTROY {	1633	sub DESTROY {
1255	my $self = shift;	1634	my ($self) = @_;
1256		1635
1257	$self->stoptls;	1636	&_freetls;
		1637
		1638	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1639
		1640	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		1641	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1642	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1643
		1644	my @linger;
		1645
		1646	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1647	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1648
		1649	if ($len > 0) {
		1650	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1651	} else {
		1652	@linger = (); # end
		1653	}
		1654	});
		1655	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1656	@linger = ();
		1657	});
		1658	}
		1659	}
		1660
		1661	=item $handle->destroy
		1662
		1663	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1664	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1665	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1666
		1667	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1668	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1669	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1670	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1671	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1672	that case.
		1673
		1674	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1675	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1676	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1677	reference cycles.
		1678
		1679	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1680	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1681
		1682	=cut
		1683
		1684	sub destroy {
		1685	my ($self) = @_;
		1686
		1687	$self->DESTROY;
		1688	%$self = ();
1258	}	1689	}
1259		1690
1260	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1691	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1261		1692
1262	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1693	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1263	default for TLS mode.	1694	for TLS mode.
1264		1695
1265	The context is created like this:	1696	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1266
1267	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1268	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1269	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1270
1271	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1272
1273	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1274		1697
1275	=cut	1698	=cut
1276		1699
1277	our $TLS_CTX;	1700	our $TLS_CTX;
1278		1701
1279	sub TLS_CTX() {	1702	sub TLS_CTX() {
1280	$TLS_CTX || do {	1703	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1281	require Net::SSLeay;	1704	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1282		1705
1283	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1706	new AnyEvent::TLS
1284	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1285	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1286
1287	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1288
1289	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1290
1291	$TLS_CTX
1292	}	1707	}
1293	}	1708	}
1294		1709
1295	=back	1710	=back
		1711
		1712
		1713	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1714
		1715	=over 4
		1716
		1717	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1718	still get further invocations!
		1719
		1720	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1721	read or write callbacks.
		1722
		1723	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1724	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1725	->destroy >> method.
		1726
		1727	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1728	reading?
		1729
		1730	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1731	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1732	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1733	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1734
		1735	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1736	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1737	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1738
		1739	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1740	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1741	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1742	C<destroy> method.
		1743
		1744	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1745
		1746	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1747	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1748	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1749	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1750
		1751	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1752	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1753	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1754	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1755	});
		1756
		1757	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1758	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1759	fact, all data has been received.
		1760
		1761	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1762	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1763	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1764	explicit QUIT command.
		1765
		1766	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1767	all data has been written?
		1768
		1769	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1770	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1771	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1772	written to the socket:
		1773
		1774	$handle->push_write (...);
		1775	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1776	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1777	undef $handle;
		1778	});
		1779
		1780	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1781	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1782
		1783	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1784
		1785	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1786	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1787	parameter:
		1788
		1789	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1790	my ($fh) = @_;
		1791
		1792	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1793	fh => $fh,
		1794	tls => "connect",
		1795	on_error => sub { ... };
		1796
		1797	$handle->push_write (...);
		1798	};
		1799
		1800	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1801
		1802	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1803	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1804	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1805
		1806	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1807
		1808	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1809	my ($fh) = @_;
		1810
		1811	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1812	fh => $fh,
		1813	peername => $host,
		1814	tls => "connect",
		1815	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1816	...
		1817
		1818	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1819	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1820	peername verification will be done.
		1821
		1822	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1823	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1824	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1825
		1826	tls_ctx => {
		1827	verify => 1,
		1828	verify_peername => "https",
		1829	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1830	},
		1831
		1832	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1833
		1834	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1835	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1836	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1837	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1838	nice program for that purpose).
		1839
		1840	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1841	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1842	file should then look like this:
		1843
		1844	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1845	...header data
		1846	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1847	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1848
		1849	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1850	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1851	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1852
		1853	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1854	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1855
		1856	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1857	my ($fh) = @_;
		1858
		1859	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1860	fh => $fh,
		1861	tls => "accept",
		1862	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1863	...
		1864
		1865	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1866	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1867
		1868	=back
		1869
1296		1870
1297	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1871	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1298		1872
1299	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1873	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1300		1874
…		…
1304	=over 4	1878	=over 4
1305		1879
1306	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1880	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1307		1881
1308	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1882	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1309	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1883	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1310	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1884	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1311		1885
1312	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1886	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1313		1887
1314	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1888	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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