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Revision 1.28 by root, Sat May 24 22:27:11 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.165 by root, Mon Jul 27 22:49:23 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util ();
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
12		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	This module is experimental.
18
19	=cut	14	=cut
20		15
21	our $VERSION = '0.04';	16	our $VERSION = 4.87;
22		17
23	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
24		19
25	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
26	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
27		22
28	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
29		24
30	my $ae_fh = AnyEvent::Handle->new (fh => \*STDIN);	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
31
32	#TODO
33
34	# or use the constructor to pass the callback:
35
36	my $ae_fh2 =
37	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
38	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
39	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
40	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
41	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
42	#TODO	30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
43	);	32	);
44		33
45	$cv->wait;	34	# send some request line
		35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
		36
		37	# read the response line
		38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
		41	$cv->send;
		42	});
		43
		44	$cv->recv;
46		45
47	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
48		47
49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	50
		51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
52		53
53	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
54	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
55	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
56		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
57	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
58	argument.	62	argument.
59		63
60	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
61		65
62	=over 4	66	=over 4
63		67
64	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
65		69
66	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
67		71
68	=over 4	72	=over 4
69		73
70	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
71		75
72	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
73
74	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
75	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
76		80
77	=item on_eof => $cb->($self)	81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
78		82
79	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
80		86
81	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
82	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
83	waiting for data.
84		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
85	=item on_error => $cb->($self)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
86		99
		100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
		105
		106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
		108	timeout is to be used).
		109
		110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		111
		112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
		136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		137
87	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
88	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
89	or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
90		141
91	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
92	called.	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
		155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
		156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
93		159
94	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
95	error (or C<ENOSPC> or C<EPIPE>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
96		163
97	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
98	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
99	die.	166	C<croak>.
100		167
101	=item on_read => $cb->($self)	168	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
102		169
103	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	170	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
104	and no read request is in the queue.	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		173	read buffer).
105		174
106	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
107	method or access the C<$self->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
108		179
109	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
110	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
111	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
112	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
113		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		205
114	=item on_drain => $cb->()	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
115		207
116	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
117	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
118		210
119	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	211	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
120		212
		213	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		214	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		215	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		216	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		217	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		218
		219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		220
		221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
		222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
		223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
		224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
		225
		226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
		227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
		229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
		231
		232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
		233
		234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		235
		236	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		237	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		238	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
		239
121	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
122		241
123	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
124	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
125	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
126		245
127	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
128	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
129	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
130	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
131	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
132		251
		252	=item autocork => <boolean>
		253
		254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		260
		261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		265
		266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		267
		268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		271
		272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		274
		275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		277
133	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
134		279
135	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
136	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
137		283
138	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
139		285
140	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
141	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
142	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
143		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
		295	=item linger => <seconds>
		296
		297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		302
		303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
		316
144	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
145		318
146	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
147	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
148	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
149		325
150	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
151	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
152		330
153	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
154	connection, use C<connect> mode.	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		333	mode.
155		334
156	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
157	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
158	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
159	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
160		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
161	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
162		351
163	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
164		353
165	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
166	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
167	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
168		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
		394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
		395
		396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
		397
		398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
		401
		402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
		403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
		404
169	=back	405	=back
170		406
171	=cut	407	=cut
172
173	our (%RH, %WH);
174
175	sub register_read_type($$) {
176	$RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
177	}
178
179	sub register_write_type($$) {
180	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
181	}
182		408
183	sub new {	409	sub new {
184	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
185
186	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
187		412
188	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
189		476
190	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
191		478
192	if ($self->{tls}) {	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
193	require Net::SSLeay;	480	$self->_timeout;
		481
		482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		483
194	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
195	}	485	if $self->{tls};
196		486
197	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
198	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
199	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
200	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
201		488
202	$self->start_read;	489	$self->start_read
		490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
203		491
204	$self	492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
205	}	493	}
206		494
207	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
208	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
		497	#
		498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
		499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
		500	#
		501	# &_freetls;
		502	#}
209		503
210	delete $self->{rw};
211	delete $self->{ww};
212	delete $self->{fh};
213	}
214
215	sub error {	504	sub _error {
216	my ($self) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
217		506
218	{	507	$! = $errno;
219	local $!;	508	$message ||= "$!";
220	$self->_shutdown;
221	}
222		509
223	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
224	$self->{on_error}($self);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
225	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
226	die "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
227	}	516	}
228	}	517	}
229		518
230	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
231		520
232	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
233		522
234	=cut	523	=cut
235		524
236	sub fh { $_[0]->{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
237		526
238	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)	527	=item $handle->on_error ($cb)
239		528
240	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).	529	Replace the current C<on_error> callback (see the C<on_error> constructor argument).
241		530
…		…
253		542
254	sub on_eof {	543	sub on_eof {
255	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
256	}	545	}
257		546
		547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		548
		549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
		550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
		551	argument and method.
		552
		553	=cut
		554
		555	sub on_timeout {
		556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		557	}
		558
		559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		560
		561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		563
		564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
		569
		570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		571
		572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		573	the same name for details).
		574
		575	=cut
		576
		577	sub no_delay {
		578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		579
		580	eval {
		581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
		584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	#############################################################################
		608
		609	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		610
		611	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		612
		613	=cut
		614
		615	sub timeout {
		616	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
		617
		618	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;
		619	$self->_timeout;
		620	}
		621
		622	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		623	# also check for time-outs
		624	sub _timeout {
		625	my ($self) = @_;
		626
		627	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
		628	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
		629
		630	# when would the timeout trigger?
		631	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
		632
		633	# now or in the past already?
		634	if ($after <= 0) {
		635	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
		636
		637	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
		638	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
		639	} else {
		640	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		641	}
		642
		643	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		644	return unless $self->{timeout};
		645
		646	# calculate new after
		647	$after = $self->{timeout};
		648	}
		649
		650	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		651	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		652
		653	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
		654	delete $self->{_tw};
		655	$self->_timeout;
		656	});
		657	} else {
		658	delete $self->{_tw};
		659	}
		660	}
		661
258	#############################################################################	662	#############################################################################
259		663
260	=back	664	=back
261		665
262	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	666	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
283	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	687	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
284		688
285	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	689	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
286		690
287	$cb->($self)	691	$cb->($self)
288	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	692	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
289	}	693	}
290		694
291	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	695	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
292		696
293	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	697	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
297	=cut	701	=cut
298		702
299	sub _drain_wbuf {	703	sub _drain_wbuf {
300	my ($self) = @_;	704	my ($self) = @_;
301		705
302	unless ($self->{ww}) {	706	if (!$self->{_ww} && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		707
303	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	708	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		709
304	my $cb = sub {	710	my $cb = sub {
305	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	711	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
306		712
307	if ($len > 0) {	713	if (defined $len) {
308	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	714	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
309		715
		716	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
		717
310	$self->{on_drain}($self)	718	$self->{on_drain}($self)
311	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	719	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
312	&& $self->{on_drain};	720	&& $self->{on_drain};
313		721
314	delete $self->{ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	722	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
315	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	723	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
316	$self->error;	724	$self->_error ($!, 1);
317	}	725	}
318	};	726	};
319		727
		728	# try to write data immediately
		729	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
		730
		731	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
320	$self->{ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb);	732	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
321		733	if length $self->{wbuf};
322	$cb->($self);
323	};	734	};
		735	}
		736
		737	our %WH;
		738
		739	sub register_write_type($$) {
		740	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
324	}	741	}
325		742
326	sub push_write {	743	sub push_write {
327	my $self = shift;	744	my $self = shift;
328		745
		746	if (@_ > 1) {
		747	my $type = shift;
		748
		749	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
		750	->($self, @_);
		751	}
		752
329	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	753	if ($self->{tls}) {
330	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	754	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		755	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
331	} else {	756	} else {
332	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	757	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
333	$self->_drain_wbuf;	758	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
334	}	759	}
335	}	760	}
		761
		762	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
		763
		764	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
		765	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
		766
		767	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
		768	drop by and tell us):
		769
		770	=over 4
		771
		772	=item netstring => $string
		773
		774	Formats the given value as netstring
		775	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
		776
		777	=cut
		778
		779	register_write_type netstring => sub {
		780	my ($self, $string) = @_;
		781
		782	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		783	};
		784
		785	=item packstring => $format, $data
		786
		787	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		788	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		789	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		790	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		791
		792	=cut
		793
		794	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		795	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		796
		797	pack "$format/a*", $string
		798	};
		799
		800	=item json => $array_or_hashref
		801
		802	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
		803	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
		804	in UTF-8.
		805
		806	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at
		807	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any
		808	additional framing.
		809
		810	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While
		811	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be
		812	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.
		813
		814	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send
		815	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as
		816	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each
		817	JSON text:
		818
		819	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		820	$handle->push_write ("\012");
		821
		822	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
		823	rely on the fact that the newline will be skipped as leading whitespace:
		824
		825	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		826
		827	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
		828	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
		829
		830	=cut
		831
		832	register_write_type json => sub {
		833	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		834
		835	require JSON;
		836
		837	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
		838	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
		839	};
		840
		841	=item storable => $reference
		842
		843	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		844	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		845
		846	=cut
		847
		848	register_write_type storable => sub {
		849	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		850
		851	require Storable;
		852
		853	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		854	};
		855
		856	=back
		857
		858	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		859
		860	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		861	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		862	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		863	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		864	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		865
		866	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		867
		868	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		869	the peer.
		870
		871	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		872	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		873
		874	=cut
		875
		876	sub push_shutdown {
		877	my ($self) = @_;
		878
		879	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		880	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		881	}
		882
		883	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
		884
		885	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
		886	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
		887	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
		888
		889	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will
		890	be appended to the write buffer.
		891
		892	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		893	global, so try to use unique names.
		894
		895	=cut
336		896
337	#############################################################################	897	#############################################################################
338		898
339	=back	899	=back
340		900
…		…
347	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	907	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
348	a queue.	908	a queue.
349		909
350	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	910	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
351	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	911	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
352	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	912	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
353	or not.	913	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		914	partial message has been received so far).
354		915
355	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	916	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
356	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	917	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
357	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	918	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
358	below).	919	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
359		920
360	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	921	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
361	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	922	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
362		923
363	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	924	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
364	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	925	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
365		926
366	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	927	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
367	$handle->on_read (sub {	928	$handle->on_read (sub {
368	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	929	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
369	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	930	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
370	# header arrived, decode	931	# header arrived, decode
371	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	932	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
372		933
373	# now read the payload	934	# now read the payload
374	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	935	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
375	my $xml = $_[1];	936	my $xml = $_[1];
376	# handle xml	937	# handle xml
377	});	938	});
378	});	939	});
379	});	940	});
380		941
381	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	942	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
382	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	943	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
383	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	944	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
384	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	945	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
385	the callbacks:	946	in the callbacks.
386		947
387	# request one	948	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		949	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		950	64-byte chunk callback.
		951
		952	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
388	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	953	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
389		954
390	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	955	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
391	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	956	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
392	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	957	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
393	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	958	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
394	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	959	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
395	# we don't do this in case we got an error	960	# we don't do this in case we got an error
396	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	961	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
397	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	962	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
398	my $response = $_[1];	963	my $response = $_[1];
399	...	964	...
400	});	965	});
401	}	966	}
402	});	967	});
403		968
404	# request two	969	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
405	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	970	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
406		971
407	# simply read 64 bytes, always	972	# simply read 64 bytes, always
408	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	973	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
409	my $response = $_[1];	974	my $response = $_[1];
410	...	975	...
411	});	976	});
412		977
413	=over 4	978	=over 4
414		979
415	=cut	980	=cut
416		981
417	sub _drain_rbuf {	982	sub _drain_rbuf {
418	my ($self) = @_;	983	my ($self) = @_;
		984
		985	# avoid recursion
		986	return if exists $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		987	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
419		988
420	if (	989	if (
421	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	990	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
422	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	991	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
423	) {	992	) {
424	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC; return $self->error;	993	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
425	}	994	}
426		995
427	return if $self->{in_drain};	996	while () {
428	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	997	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		998	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		999	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1000	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
429		1001
430	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1002	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
431	no strict 'refs';	1003
432	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{queue} }) {	1004	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
433	if (!$cb->($self)) {	1005	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1006	# no progress can be made
		1007	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1008	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
434	if ($self->{eof}) {	1009	if $self->{_eof};
435	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
436	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;
437	}
438		1010
439	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1011	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
440	return;	1012	last;
441	}	1013	}
442	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1014	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1015	last unless $len;
		1016
443	$self->{on_read}($self);	1017	$self->{on_read}($self);
444		1018
445	if (	1019	if (
446	$self->{eof} # if no further data will arrive
447	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed	1020	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
448	&& !@{ $self->{queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1021	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
449	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data	1022	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
450	) {	1023	) {
		1024	# no further data will arrive
451	# then no progress can be made	1025	# so no progress can be made
452	$! = &Errno::EPIPE; return $self->error;	1026	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1027	if $self->{_eof};
		1028
		1029	last; # more data might arrive
453	}	1030	}
454	} else {	1031	} else {
455	# read side becomes idle	1032	# read side becomes idle
456	delete $self->{rw};	1033	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
457	return;	1034	last;
458	}	1035	}
459	}	1036	}
460		1037
461	if ($self->{eof}) {	1038	if ($self->{_eof}) {
462	$self->_shutdown;	1039	$self->{on_eof}
463	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1040	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
464	if $self->{on_eof};	1041	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1042
		1043	return;
		1044	}
		1045
		1046	# may need to restart read watcher
		1047	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
		1048	$self->start_read
		1049	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
465	}	1050	}
466	}	1051	}
467		1052
468	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1053	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
469		1054
…		…
475		1060
476	sub on_read {	1061	sub on_read {
477	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1062	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
478		1063
479	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1064	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1065	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
480	}	1066	}
481		1067
482	=item $handle->rbuf	1068	=item $handle->rbuf
483		1069
484	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1070	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
485		1071
486	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1072	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
487	you want.	1073	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1074	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1075	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1076	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
488		1077
489	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1078	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
490	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1079	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
491	automatically manage the read buffer.	1080	automatically manage the read buffer.
492		1081
…		…
515	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1104	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
516	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1105	true, it will be removed from the queue.
517		1106
518	=cut	1107	=cut
519		1108
		1109	our %RH;
		1110
		1111	sub register_read_type($$) {
		1112	$RH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
		1113	}
		1114
520	sub push_read {	1115	sub push_read {
521	my $self = shift;	1116	my $self = shift;
522	my $cb = pop;	1117	my $cb = pop;
523		1118
524	if (@_) {	1119	if (@_) {
…		…
526		1121
527	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1122	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
528	->($self, $cb, @_);	1123	->($self, $cb, @_);
529	}	1124	}
530		1125
531	push @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1126	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
532	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1127	$self->_drain_rbuf;
533	}	1128	}
534		1129
535	sub unshift_read {	1130	sub unshift_read {
536	my $self = shift;	1131	my $self = shift;
…		…
542	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1137	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
543	->($self, $cb, @_);	1138	->($self, $cb, @_);
544	}	1139	}
545		1140
546		1141
547	unshift @{ $self->{queue} }, $cb;	1142	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
548	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1143	$self->_drain_rbuf;
549	}	1144	}
550		1145
551	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1146	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
552		1147
…		…
554		1149
555	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1150	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
556	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1151	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
557	etc.	1152	etc.
558		1153
559	The types currently supported are:	1154	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
		1155	drop by and tell us):
560		1156
561	=over 4	1157	=over 4
562		1158
563	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($self, $data)	1159	=item chunk => $octets, $cb->($handle, $data)
564		1160
565	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the	1161	Invoke the callback only once C<$octets> bytes have been read. Pass the
566	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less	1162	data read to the callback. The callback will never be called with less
567	data.	1163	data.
568		1164
…		…
582	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1178	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
583	1	1179	1
584	}	1180	}
585	};	1181	};
586		1182
587	# compatibility with older API
588	sub push_read_chunk {
589	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
590	}
591
592	sub unshift_read_chunk {
593	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
594	}
595
596	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($self, $line, $eol)	1183	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
597		1184
598	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1185	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
599	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1186	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
600	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1187	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
601	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).	1188	the end of line marker as the third argument (C<$eol>).
…		…
615	=cut	1202	=cut
616		1203
617	register_read_type line => sub {	1204	register_read_type line => sub {
618	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1205	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
619		1206
620	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1207	if (@_ < 3) {
		1208	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1209	sub {
		1210	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1211
		1212	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1213	1
		1214	}
		1215	} else {
621	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1216	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
622	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1217	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
		1218
		1219	sub {
		1220	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
		1221
		1222	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1223	1
		1224	}
		1225	}
		1226	};
		1227
		1228	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
		1229
		1230	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
		1231	everything up to and including the match.
		1232
		1233	Example: read a single line terminated by '\n'.
		1234
		1235	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<\n>, sub { ... });
		1236
		1237	If C<$reject> is given and not undef, then it determines when the data is
		1238	to be rejected: it is matched against the data when the C<$accept> regex
		1239	does not match and generates an C<EBADMSG> error when it matches. This is
		1240	useful to quickly reject wrong data (to avoid waiting for a timeout or a
		1241	receive buffer overflow).
		1242
		1243	Example: expect a single decimal number followed by whitespace, reject
		1244	anything else (not the use of an anchor).
		1245
		1246	$handle->push_read (regex => qr<^[0-9]+\s>, qr<[^0-9]>, sub { ... });
		1247
		1248	If C<$skip> is given and not C<undef>, then it will be matched against
		1249	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
		1250	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
		1251	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
		1252	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
		1253	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
		1254	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
		1255
		1256	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
		1257	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use
		1258	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
		1259	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
		1260	required for the accept regex.
		1261
		1262	$handle->push_read (regex =>
		1263	qr<\015\012\015\012>,
		1264	undef, # no reject
		1265	qr<^.*[^\015\012]>,
		1266	sub { ... });
		1267
		1268	=cut
		1269
		1270	register_read_type regex => sub {
		1271	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;
		1272
		1273	my $data;
		1274	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
623		1275
624	sub {	1276	sub {
625	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1277	# accept
		1278	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
		1279	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1280	$cb->($self, $data);
		1281	return 1;
		1282	}
		1283
		1284	# reject
		1285	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
		1286	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1287	}
626		1288
627	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1289	# skip
		1290	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
		1291	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
		1292	}
		1293
		1294	()
		1295	}
		1296	};
		1297
		1298	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1299
		1300	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1301
		1302	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1303
		1304	=cut
		1305
		1306	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1307	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1308
		1309	sub {
		1310	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1311	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1312	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1313	}
		1314	return;
		1315	}
		1316
		1317	my $len = $1;
		1318
		1319	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1320	my $string = $_[1];
		1321	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1322	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1323	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1324	} else {
		1325	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1326	}
		1327	});
		1328	});
		1329
628	1	1330	1
629	}	1331	}
630	};	1332	};
631		1333
632	# compatibility with older API	1334	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
633	sub push_read_line {
634	my $self = shift;
635	$self->push_read (line => @_);
636	}
637		1335
638	sub unshift_read_line {	1336	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
639	my $self = shift;	1337	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
640	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);	1338	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
641	}	1339	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1340
		1341	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1342	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1343
		1344	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1345	format (very efficient).
		1346
		1347	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1348	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1349	});
		1350
		1351	=cut
		1352
		1353	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1354	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1355
		1356	sub {
		1357	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1358	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1359	or return;
		1360
		1361	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1362
		1363	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1364	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1365	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1366	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1367	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1368	} else {
		1369	# remove prefix
		1370	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1371
		1372	# read remaining chunk
		1373	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1374	}
		1375
		1376	1
		1377	}
		1378	};
		1379
		1380	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
		1381
		1382	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1383	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1384
		1385	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
		1386	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
		1387
		1388	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
		1389	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a
		1390	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
		1391	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
		1392
		1393	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
		1394	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
		1395	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1396
		1397	=cut
		1398
		1399	register_read_type json => sub {
		1400	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1401
		1402	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1403	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1404	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
		1405
		1406	my $data;
		1407	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
		1408
		1409	sub {
		1410	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
		1411
		1412	if ($ref) {
		1413	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1414	$json->incr_text = "";
		1415	$cb->($self, $ref);
		1416
		1417	1
		1418	} elsif ($@) {
		1419	# error case
		1420	$json->incr_skip;
		1421
		1422	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1423	$json->incr_text = "";
		1424
		1425	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1426
		1427	()
		1428	} else {
		1429	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1430
		1431	()
		1432	}
		1433	}
		1434	};
		1435
		1436	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1437
		1438	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1439	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1440	data).
		1441
		1442	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1443
		1444	=cut
		1445
		1446	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1447	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1448
		1449	require Storable;
		1450
		1451	sub {
		1452	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1453	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1454	or return;
		1455
		1456	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1457
		1458	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1459	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1460	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1461	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1462	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1463	} else {
		1464	# remove prefix
		1465	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1466
		1467	# read remaining chunk
		1468	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1469	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1470	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1471	} else {
		1472	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1473	}
		1474	});
		1475	}
		1476
		1477	1
		1478	}
		1479	};
642		1480
643	=back	1481	=back
644		1482
		1483	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
		1484
		1485	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
		1486
		1487	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code
		1488	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining
		1489	arguments.
		1490
		1491	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)
		1492	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).
		1493
		1494	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to
		1495	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).
		1496
		1497	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
		1498	global, so try to use unique names.
		1499
		1500	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,
		1501	search for C<register_read_type>)).
		1502
645	=item $handle->stop_read	1503	=item $handle->stop_read
646		1504
647	=item $handle->start_read	1505	=item $handle->start_read
648		1506
649	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1507	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
650	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1508	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
651	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1509	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
652	C<start_read>.	1510	C<start_read>.
653		1511
		1512	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1513	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1514	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1515	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1516
		1517	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1518	half-duplex connections).
		1519
654	=cut	1520	=cut
655		1521
656	sub stop_read {	1522	sub stop_read {
657	my ($self) = @_;	1523	my ($self) = @_;
658		1524
659	delete $self->{rw};	1525	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
660	}	1526	}
661		1527
662	sub start_read {	1528	sub start_read {
663	my ($self) = @_;	1529	my ($self) = @_;
664		1530
665	unless ($self->{rw} || $self->{eof}) {	1531	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
666	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1532	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
667		1533
668	$self->{rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1534	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
669	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1535	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
670	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1536	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
671		1537
672	if ($len > 0) {	1538	if ($len > 0) {
673	$self->{filter_r}	1539	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
674	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	1540
		1541	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1542	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1543
		1544	&_dotls ($self);
		1545	} else {
675	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1546	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1547	}
676		1548
677	} elsif (defined $len) {	1549	} elsif (defined $len) {
678	delete $self->{rw};	1550	delete $self->{_rw};
679	$self->{eof} = 1;	1551	$self->{_eof} = 1;
680	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1552	$self->_drain_rbuf;
681		1553
682	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR) {	1554	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
683	return $self->error;	1555	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
684	}	1556	}
685	});	1557	});
686	}	1558	}
687	}	1559	}
688		1560
		1561	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1562	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1563
		1564	sub _tls_error {
		1565	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1566
		1567	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1568	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1569
		1570	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1571
		1572	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1573	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1574
		1575	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1576	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1577	&_freetls;
		1578	} else {
		1579	&_freetls;
		1580	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1581	}
		1582	}
		1583
		1584	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1585	# also decode read data if possible
		1586	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1587	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1588	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
689	sub _dotls {	1589	sub _dotls {
690	my ($self) = @_;	1590	my ($self) = @_;
691		1591
		1592	my $tmp;
		1593
692	if (length $self->{tls_wbuf}) {	1594	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
693	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1595	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
694	substr $self->{tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1596	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
695	}	1597	}
696	}
697		1598
		1599	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1600	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1601	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1602	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1603	}
		1604
698	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{tls_wbio}))) {	1605	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1606	unless (length $tmp) {
		1607	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1608	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1609	&_freetls;
		1610
		1611	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1612	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1613	return;
		1614	} else {
		1615	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1616	delete $self->{_rw};
		1617	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1618	}
		1619	}
		1620
		1621	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1622	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1623	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1624	}
		1625
		1626	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1627	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1628	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1629	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1630
		1631	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
699	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1632	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
700	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1633	$self->_drain_wbuf;
701	}	1634	}
702		1635
703	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1636	$self->{_on_starttls}
704	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1637	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
705	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1638	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
706	}
707
708	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
709
710	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
711	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
712	$self->error;
713	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
714	$! = &Errno::EIO;
715	$self->error;
716	}
717
718	# all others are fine for our purposes
719	}
720	}	1639	}
721		1640
722	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1641	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
723		1642
724	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1643	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
725	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1644	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
726	C<starttls>.	1645	C<starttls>.
727		1646
		1647	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1648	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1649	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1650
728	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1651	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
729	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1652	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
730		1653
731	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1654	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
732	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1655	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1656	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1657	construct a new context.
733		1658
734	=cut	1659	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
		1660	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
		1661	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1662	when this function returns.
735		1663
736	# TODO: maybe document...	1664	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1665	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1666	stopping TLS.
		1667
		1668	=cut
		1669
		1670	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		1671
737	sub starttls {	1672	sub starttls {
738	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1673	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
739		1674
740	$self->stoptls;	1675	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1676	if $self->{tls};
741		1677
742	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1678	$self->{tls} = $tls;
743	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1679	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
744	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1680
745	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1681	return unless $self->{fh};
746	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1682
747	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1683	require Net::SSLeay;
		1684
		1685	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1686	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1687
		1688	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1689	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1690
		1691	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1692
		1693	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1694	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1695
		1696	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1697	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1698	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1699	} else {
		1700	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1701	}
		1702	}
748	}	1703
749		1704	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
750	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1705	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
751		1706
752	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1707	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
753	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1708	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
754	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1709	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
755	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1710	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
756	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1711	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1712	#
		1713	# in short: this is a mess.
		1714	#
		1715	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1716	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1717	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1718	# have identity issues in that area.
757	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1719	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
758	(eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1720	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
759	| (eval { Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1721	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1722	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
760		1723
761	$self->{tls_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1724	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
762	$self->{tls_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1725	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
763		1726
764	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{tls_rbio}, $self->{tls_wbio});	1727	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
765		1728
766	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1729	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
767	$_[0]{tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1730	if $self->{on_starttls};
768	&_dotls;	1731
769	};	1732	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
770	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1733	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
771	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{tls_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
772	&_dotls;
773	};
774	}	1734	}
775		1735
776	=item $handle->stoptls	1736	=item $handle->stoptls
777		1737
778	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1738	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
779	lost.	1739	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1740	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1741	the stream afterwards.
780		1742
781	=cut	1743	=cut
782		1744
783	sub stoptls {	1745	sub stoptls {
784	my ($self) = @_;	1746	my ($self) = @_;
785		1747
786	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1748	if ($self->{tls}) {
787	delete $self->{tls_rbio};	1749	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
788	delete $self->{tls_wbio};	1750
789	delete $self->{tls_wbuf};	1751	&_dotls;
790	delete $self->{filter_r};	1752
791	delete $self->{filter_w};	1753	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
		1754	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
		1755	# &_freetls;#d#
		1756	}
		1757	}
		1758
		1759	sub _freetls {
		1760	my ($self) = @_;
		1761
		1762	return unless $self->{tls};
		1763
		1764	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1765	if ref $self->{tls};
		1766
		1767	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
792	}	1768	}
793		1769
794	sub DESTROY {	1770	sub DESTROY {
795	my $self = shift;	1771	my ($self) = @_;
796		1772
797	$self->stoptls;	1773	&_freetls;
		1774
		1775	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1776
		1777	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1778	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1779	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1780
		1781	my @linger;
		1782
		1783	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1784	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1785
		1786	if ($len > 0) {
		1787	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1788	} else {
		1789	@linger = (); # end
		1790	}
		1791	});
		1792	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1793	@linger = ();
		1794	});
		1795	}
		1796	}
		1797
		1798	=item $handle->destroy
		1799
		1800	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1801	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1802	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1803	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1804	empty list).
		1805
		1806	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1807	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1808	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1809	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1810	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1811	that case.
		1812
		1813	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1814	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1815	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1816	reference cycles.
		1817
		1818	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1819	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1820
		1821	=cut
		1822
		1823	sub destroy {
		1824	my ($self) = @_;
		1825
		1826	$self->DESTROY;
		1827	%$self = ();
		1828	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1829	}
		1830
		1831	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1832	#nop
798	}	1833	}
799		1834
800	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1835	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
801		1836
802	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1837	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
803	default for TLS mode.	1838	for TLS mode.
804		1839
805	The context is created like this:	1840	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
806
807	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
808	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
809	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
810
811	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
812
813	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
814		1841
815	=cut	1842	=cut
816		1843
817	our $TLS_CTX;	1844	our $TLS_CTX;
818		1845
819	sub TLS_CTX() {	1846	sub TLS_CTX() {
820	$TLS_CTX || do {	1847	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
821	require Net::SSLeay;	1848	require AnyEvent::TLS;
822		1849
823	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1850	new AnyEvent::TLS
824	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
825	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
826
827	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
828
829	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
830
831	$TLS_CTX
832	}	1851	}
833	}	1852	}
834		1853
835	=back	1854	=back
836		1855
		1856
		1857	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1858
		1859	=over 4
		1860
		1861	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1862	still get further invocations!
		1863
		1864	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1865	read or write callbacks.
		1866
		1867	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1868	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1869	->destroy >> method.
		1870
		1871	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1872	reading?
		1873
		1874	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1875	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1876	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1877	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1878
		1879	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1880	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1881	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1882
		1883	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1884	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1885	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1886	C<destroy> method.
		1887
		1888	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1889
		1890	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1891	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1892	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1893	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1894
		1895	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1896	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1897	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1898	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1899	});
		1900
		1901	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1902	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1903	fact, all data has been received.
		1904
		1905	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1906	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1907	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1908	explicit QUIT command.
		1909
		1910	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1911	all data has been written?
		1912
		1913	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1914	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1915	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1916	written to the socket:
		1917
		1918	$handle->push_write (...);
		1919	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1920	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1921	undef $handle;
		1922	});
		1923
		1924	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1925	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1926
		1927	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1928
		1929	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1930	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1931	parameter:
		1932
		1933	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1934	my ($fh) = @_;
		1935
		1936	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1937	fh => $fh,
		1938	tls => "connect",
		1939	on_error => sub { ... };
		1940
		1941	$handle->push_write (...);
		1942	};
		1943
		1944	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1945
		1946	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1947	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1948	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1949
		1950	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1951
		1952	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1953	my ($fh) = @_;
		1954
		1955	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1956	fh => $fh,
		1957	peername => $host,
		1958	tls => "connect",
		1959	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1960	...
		1961
		1962	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1963	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1964	peername verification will be done.
		1965
		1966	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1967	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1968	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1969
		1970	tls_ctx => {
		1971	verify => 1,
		1972	verify_peername => "https",
		1973	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1974	},
		1975
		1976	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1977
		1978	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1979	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1980	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1981	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1982	nice program for that purpose).
		1983
		1984	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1985	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1986	file should then look like this:
		1987
		1988	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1989	...header data
		1990	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1991	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1992
		1993	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1994	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1995	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1996
		1997	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1998	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1999
		2000	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2001	my ($fh) = @_;
		2002
		2003	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2004	fh => $fh,
		2005	tls => "accept",
		2006	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2007	...
		2008
		2009	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2010	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2011
		2012	=back
		2013
		2014
		2015	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
		2016
		2017	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
		2018
		2019	To make this easier, a given version of AnyEvent::Handle uses these
		2020	conventions:
		2021
		2022	=over 4
		2023
		2024	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
		2025
		2026	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
		2027	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
		2028	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
		2029
		2030	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
		2031
		2032	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
		2033	with an underscore character, so the remaining non-C<_>-namespace is free
		2034	for use for subclasses.
		2035
		2036	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
		2037	are free to use in subclasses.
		2038
		2039	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
		2040	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.
		2041
		2042	=back
		2043
837	=head1 AUTHOR	2044	=head1 AUTHOR
838		2045
839	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2046	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
840		2047
841	=cut	2048	=cut

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