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Revision 1.67 by root, Fri Jun 6 15:33:10 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.151 by root, Thu Jul 16 04:20:23 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
…		…
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = 4.15;	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	32	warn "got error $msg\n";
		33	$hdl->destroy;
		34	$cv->send;
34	);	35	);
35		36
36	# send some request line	37	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	38	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		39
39	# read the response line	40	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	41	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	42	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	43	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	44	$cv->send;
44	});	45	});
45		46
46	$cv->recv;	47	$cv->recv;
47		48
…		…
49		50
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	51	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	52	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	53	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		54
		55	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		56	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		57
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	58	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	59	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	60	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		61
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	62	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		64
61	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
62		66
63	=over 4	67	=over 4
64		68
65	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		70
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		72
69	=over 4	73	=over 4
70		74
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		76
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		78
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	79	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	80	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		81	that mode.
77		82
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	83	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		84
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	85	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	86	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	87	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		88	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		89	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
83		90
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	91	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	92	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
86	waiting for data.	93	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		94	down.
87		95
		96	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		97	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		98
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	99	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		100
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	101	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	102	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	103	connect or a read error.
93		104
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	105	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	106	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		107	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		108	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		109	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		110
		111	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		112	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		113	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		114	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		115
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	116	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	117	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	118	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		119	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		120
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	121	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	122	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		123	C<EPROTO>).
102		124
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	125	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	126	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	127	C<croak>.
106		128
…		…
110	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	132	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
111	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	133	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
112	read buffer).	134	read buffer).
113		135
114	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	136	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
115	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	137	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		138	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		139	the beginning from it.
116		140
117	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	141	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
118	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	142	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
119	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	143	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
120	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	144	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
121		145
		146	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		147	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		148	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		149	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		150
122	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	151	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
123		152
124	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	153	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
125	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	154	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
126		155
127	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	156	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		157
		158	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		159	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		160	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		161	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		162	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
128		163
129	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	164	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
130		165
131	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	166	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
132	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	167	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
133	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	168	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
134	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	169	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
135		170
136	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	171	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
137	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	172	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
138	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	173	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
139	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	174	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		175	restart the timeout.
140		176
141	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	177	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
142		178
143	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	179	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
144		180
…		…
148		184
149	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	185	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
150		186
151	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	187	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
152	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	188	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
153	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	189	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
154		190
155	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	191	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
156	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	192	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
157	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	193	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
158	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	194	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
159	isn't finished).	195	isn't finished).
160		196
		197	=item autocork => <boolean>
		198
		199	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		200	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		201	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		202	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		203	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		204	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		205
		206	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		207	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		208	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		209	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		210
		211	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		212
		213	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		214	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		215	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		216
		217	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		218	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		219
		220	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		221	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		222
161	=item read_size => <bytes>	223	=item read_size => <bytes>
162		224
163	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	225	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
164	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	226	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		227	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
165		228
166	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	229	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
167		230
168	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	231	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
169	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	232	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
170	considered empty.	233	considered empty.
171		234
		235	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		236	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		237	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		238	is good in almost all cases.
		239
172	=item linger => <seconds>	240	=item linger => <seconds>
173		241
174	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	242	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
175	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	243	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
176	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	244	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
177	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	245	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
178	outstanding data at socket close time).	246	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
179		247
180	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	248	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
181	encoded. This data will be lost.	249	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		250	help.
		251
		252	=item peername => $string
		253
		254	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		255	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		256
		257	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		258	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		259	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		260	C<undef>.
182		261
183	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	262	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
184		263
185	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	264	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
186	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	265	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
187	data.	266	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		267
		268	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		269	appropriate error message.
188		270
189	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	271	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
190	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	272	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		273	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		274	to add the dependency yourself.
191		275
192	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	276	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
193	connection, use C<connect> mode.	277	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		278	mode.
194		279
195	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	280	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
196	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	281	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
197	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	282	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
198	AnyEvent::Handle.	283	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		284	object.
199		285
		286	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		287	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		288	away.
		289
		290	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		291	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		292	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		293	segmentation fault.
		294
200	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	295	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
201		296
202	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	297	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
203		298
204	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	299	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
205	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	300	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
206	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	301	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
207		302
		303	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		304	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		305	new TLS context object.
		306
		307	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		308
		309	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		310	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		311	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		312
		313	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		314	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		315
		316	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		317	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		318
		319	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		320	called, as normal.
		321
		322	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		323	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		324	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		325
		326	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		327
		328	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		329	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		330	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		331	on the handle.
		332
		333	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		334	callback.
		335
		336	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		337	underlying handle signals EOF.
		338
208	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	339	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
209		340
210	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	341	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
211		342
212	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	343	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
213	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	344	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		345	texts.
214		346
215	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	347	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
216	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	348	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
217		349
218	=item filter_r => $cb
219
220	=item filter_w => $cb
221
222	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
223
224	=back	350	=back
225		351
226	=cut	352	=cut
227		353
228	sub new {	354	sub new {
229	my $class = shift;	355	my $class = shift;
230
231	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	356	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
232		357
233	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	358	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
234		359
235	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	360	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
236
237	if ($self->{tls}) {
238	require Net::SSLeay;
239	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
240	}
241		361
242	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	362	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
243	$self->_timeout;	363	$self->_timeout;
244		364
		365	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		366
		367	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		368	if $self->{tls};
		369
245	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	370	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
246		371
247	$self->start_read	372	$self->start_read
248	if $self->{on_read};	373	if $self->{on_read};
249		374
250	$self	375	$self->{fh} && $self
251	}	376	}
252		377
253	sub _shutdown {	378	#sub _shutdown {
254	my ($self) = @_;	379	# my ($self) = @_;
255		380	#
256	delete $self->{_tw};	381	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
257	delete $self->{_rw};	382	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
258	delete $self->{_ww};	383	#
259	delete $self->{fh};	384	# &_freetls;
260		385	#}
261	$self->stoptls;
262	}
263		386
264	sub _error {	387	sub _error {
265	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	388	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
266
267	$self->_shutdown
268	if $fatal;
269		389
270	$! = $errno;	390	$! = $errno;
		391	$message ||= "$!";
271		392
272	if ($self->{on_error}) {	393	if ($self->{on_error}) {
273	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	394	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
274	} else {	395	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		396	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		397	$self->destroy;
275	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	398	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
276	}	399	}
277	}	400	}
278		401
279	=item $fh = $handle->fh	402	=item $fh = $handle->fh
280		403
281	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	404	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
282		405
283	=cut	406	=cut
284		407
285	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	408	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
286		409
…		…
304	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	427	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
305	}	428	}
306		429
307	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	430	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
308		431
309	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	432	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
310	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	433	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
311	argument.	434	argument and method.
312		435
313	=cut	436	=cut
314		437
315	sub on_timeout {	438	sub on_timeout {
316	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	439	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		440	}
		441
		442	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		443
		444	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		445	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		446
		447	=cut
		448
		449	sub autocork {
		450	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		451	}
		452
		453	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		454
		455	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		456	the same name for details).
		457
		458	=cut
		459
		460	sub no_delay {
		461	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		462
		463	eval {
		464	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		465	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		466	};
		467	}
		468
		469	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		470
		471	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		472
		473	=cut
		474
		475	sub on_starttls {
		476	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		477	}
		478
		479	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		480
		481	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		482
		483	=cut
		484
		485	sub on_starttls {
		486	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
317	}	487	}
318		488
319	#############################################################################	489	#############################################################################
320		490
321	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	491	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
347	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	517	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
348		518
349	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	519	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
350	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	520	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
351	} else {	521	} else {
352	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	522	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
353	}	523	}
354		524
355	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	525	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
356	return unless $self->{timeout};	526	return unless $self->{timeout};
357		527
…		…
399	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	569	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
400		570
401	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	571	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
402		572
403	$cb->($self)	573	$cb->($self)
404	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	574	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
405	}	575	}
406		576
407	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	577	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
408		578
409	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	579	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
420	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	590	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
421		591
422	my $cb = sub {	592	my $cb = sub {
423	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	593	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
424		594
425	if ($len >= 0) {	595	if (defined $len) {
426	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	596	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
427		597
428	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	598	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
429		599
430	$self->{on_drain}($self)	600	$self->{on_drain}($self)
431	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	601	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
432	&& $self->{on_drain};	602	&& $self->{on_drain};
433		603
434	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	604	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
435	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	605	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
436	$self->_error ($!, 1);	606	$self->_error ($!, 1);
437	}	607	}
438	};	608	};
439		609
440	# try to write data immediately	610	# try to write data immediately
441	$cb->();	611	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
442		612
443	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	613	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
444	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	614	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
445	if length $self->{wbuf};	615	if length $self->{wbuf};
446	};	616	};
…		…
460		630
461	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	631	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
462	->($self, @_);	632	->($self, @_);
463	}	633	}
464		634
465	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	635	if ($self->{tls}) {
466	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	636	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		637
		638	&_dotls ($self);
467	} else {	639	} else {
468	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	640	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
469	$self->_drain_wbuf;	641	$self->_drain_wbuf;
470	}	642	}
471	}	643	}
…		…
488	=cut	660	=cut
489		661
490	register_write_type netstring => sub {	662	register_write_type netstring => sub {
491	my ($self, $string) = @_;	663	my ($self, $string) = @_;
492		664
493	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	665	(length $string) . ":$string,"
494	};	666	};
495		667
496	=item packstring => $format, $data	668	=item packstring => $format, $data
497		669
498	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	670	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
564	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	736	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
565	};	737	};
566		738
567	=back	739	=back
568		740
		741	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		742
		743	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		744	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		745	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		746	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		747	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		748
		749	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		750
		751	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		752	the peer.
		753
		754	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		755	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		756
		757	=cut
		758
		759	sub push_shutdown {
		760	my ($self) = @_;
		761
		762	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		763	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		764	}
		765
569	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	766	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
570		767
571	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	768	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
572	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	769	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
573	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	770	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
…		…
593	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	790	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
594	a queue.	791	a queue.
595		792
596	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	793	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
597	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	794	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
598	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	795	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
599	or not.	796	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		797	partial message has been received so far).
600		798
601	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	799	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
602	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	800	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
603	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	801	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
604	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	802	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
…		…
622	# handle xml	820	# handle xml
623	});	821	});
624	});	822	});
625	});	823	});
626		824
627	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	825	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
628	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	826	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
629	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	827	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
630	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	828	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
631	the callbacks:	829	in the callbacks.
632		830
633	# request one	831	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		832	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		833	64-byte chunk callback.
		834
		835	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
634	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	836	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
635		837
636	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	838	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
637	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	839	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
638	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	840	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
645	...	847	...
646	});	848	});
647	}	849	}
648	});	850	});
649		851
650	# request two	852	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
651	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	853	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
652		854
653	# simply read 64 bytes, always	855	# simply read 64 bytes, always
654	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	856	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
655	my $response = $_[1];	857	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
667		869
668	if (	870	if (
669	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	871	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
670	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	872	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
671	) {	873	) {
672	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	874	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
673	}	875	}
674		876
675	while () {	877	while () {
676	no strict 'refs';	878	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		879	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		880	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
677		881
678	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	882	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
679		883
680	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	884	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
681	unless ($cb->($self)) {	885	unless ($cb->($self)) {
682	if ($self->{_eof}) {	886	if ($self->{_eof}) {
683	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	887	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
684	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;	888	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
685	}	889	}
686		890
687	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	891	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
688	last;	892	last;
689	}	893	}
…		…
697	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	901	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
698	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	902	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
699	) {	903	) {
700	# no further data will arrive	904	# no further data will arrive
701	# so no progress can be made	905	# so no progress can be made
702	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last	906	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
703	if $self->{_eof};	907	if $self->{_eof};
704		908
705	last; # more data might arrive	909	last; # more data might arrive
706	}	910	}
707	} else {	911	} else {
708	# read side becomes idle	912	# read side becomes idle
709	delete $self->{_rw};	913	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
710	last;	914	last;
711	}	915	}
712	}	916	}
713		917
		918	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		919	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
714	$self->{on_eof}($self)	920	$self->{on_eof}($self)
715	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	921	} else {
		922	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		923	}
		924	}
716		925
717	# may need to restart read watcher	926	# may need to restart read watcher
718	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	927	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
719	$self->start_read	928	$self->start_read
720	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	929	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
738		947
739	=item $handle->rbuf	948	=item $handle->rbuf
740		949
741	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	950	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
742		951
743	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	952	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
744	you want.	953	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		954	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		955	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		956	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
745		957
746	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	958	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
747	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	959	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
748	automatically manage the read buffer.	960	automatically manage the read buffer.
749		961
…		…
846	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1058	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
847	1	1059	1
848	}	1060	}
849	};	1061	};
850		1062
851	# compatibility with older API
852	sub push_read_chunk {
853	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
854	}
855
856	sub unshift_read_chunk {
857	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
858	}
859
860	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1063	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
861		1064
862	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1065	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
863	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1066	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
864	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1067	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
879	=cut	1082	=cut
880		1083
881	register_read_type line => sub {	1084	register_read_type line => sub {
882	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1085	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
883		1086
884	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1087	if (@_ < 3) {
		1088	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
		1089	sub {
		1090	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
		1091
		1092	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1093	1
		1094	}
		1095	} else {
885	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1096	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
886	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;	1097	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
887		1098
888	sub {	1099	sub {
889	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1100	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
890		1101
891	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1102	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
		1103	1
892	1	1104	}
893	}	1105	}
894	};	1106	};
895
896	# compatibility with older API
897	sub push_read_line {
898	my $self = shift;
899	$self->push_read (line => @_);
900	}
901
902	sub unshift_read_line {
903	my $self = shift;
904	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
905	}
906		1107
907	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1108	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
908		1109
909	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns	1110	Makes a regex match against the regex object C<$accept> and returns
910	everything up to and including the match.	1111	everything up to and including the match.
…		…
960	return 1;	1161	return 1;
961	}	1162	}
962		1163
963	# reject	1164	# reject
964	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1165	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
965	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1166	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
966	}	1167	}
967		1168
968	# skip	1169	# skip
969	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1170	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
970	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1171	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
986	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1187	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
987		1188
988	sub {	1189	sub {
989	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1190	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
990	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1191	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
991	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1192	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
992	}	1193	}
993	return;	1194	return;
994	}	1195	}
995		1196
996	my $len = $1;	1197	my $len = $1;
…		…
999	my $string = $_[1];	1200	my $string = $_[1];
1000	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1201	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1001	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1202	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1002	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1203	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1003	} else {	1204	} else {
1004	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1205	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1005	}	1206	}
1006	});	1207	});
1007	});	1208	});
1008		1209
1009	1	1210	1
…		…
1015	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1216	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1016	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1217	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1017	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1218	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1018	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1219	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1019		1220
1020	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1221	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1222	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1021		1223
1022	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1224	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1023	format (very efficient).	1225	format (very efficient).
1024		1226
1025	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1227	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1031	register_read_type packstring => sub {	1233	register_read_type packstring => sub {
1032	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;	1234	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1033		1235
1034	sub {	1236	sub {
1035	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1237	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1036	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1238	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1037	or return;	1239	or return;
1038		1240
		1241	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1242
		1243	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1244	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1245	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1246	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1247	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1248	} else {
1039	# remove prefix	1249	# remove prefix
1040	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack $format, $len), "";	1250	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1041		1251
1042	# read rest	1252	# read remaining chunk
1043	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);	1253	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1254	}
1044		1255
1045	1	1256	1
1046	}	1257	}
1047	};	1258	};
1048		1259
1049	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1260	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1050		1261
1051	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1262	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1263	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1052		1264
1053	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1265	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1054	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1266	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1055		1267
1056	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1268	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1065	=cut	1277	=cut
1066		1278
1067	register_read_type json => sub {	1279	register_read_type json => sub {
1068	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1280	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1069		1281
1070	require JSON;	1282	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1283	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1284	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1071		1285
1072	my $data;	1286	my $data;
1073	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1287	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1074		1288
1075	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1076
1077	sub {	1289	sub {
1078	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1290	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1079		1291
1080	if ($ref) {	1292	if ($ref) {
1081	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1293	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1082	$json->incr_text = "";	1294	$json->incr_text = "";
1083	$cb->($self, $ref);	1295	$cb->($self, $ref);
1084		1296
1085	1	1297	1
		1298	} elsif ($@) {
		1299	# error case
		1300	$json->incr_skip;
		1301
		1302	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1303	$json->incr_text = "";
		1304
		1305	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1306
		1307	()
1086	} else {	1308	} else {
1087	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1309	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1310
1088	()	1311	()
1089	}	1312	}
1090	}	1313	}
1091	};	1314	};
1092		1315
…		…
1105		1328
1106	require Storable;	1329	require Storable;
1107		1330
1108	sub {	1331	sub {
1109	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method	1332	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1110	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]->{rbuf} })	1333	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1111	or return;	1334	or return;
1112		1335
		1336	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1337
		1338	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1339	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1340	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1341	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1342	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1343	} else {
1113	# remove prefix	1344	# remove prefix
1114	substr $_[0]->{rbuf}, 0, (length pack "w", $len), "";	1345	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1115		1346
1116	# read rest	1347	# read remaining chunk
1117	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1348	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1118	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1349	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1119	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1350	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1120	} else {	1351	} else {
1121	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1352	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1353	}
1122	}	1354	});
1123	});	1355	}
		1356
		1357	1
1124	}	1358	}
1125	};	1359	};
1126		1360
1127	=back	1361	=back
1128		1362
…		…
1158	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1392	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1159	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1393	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1160	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1394	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1161	there are any read requests in the queue.	1395	there are any read requests in the queue.
1162		1396
		1397	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1398	half-duplex connections).
		1399
1163	=cut	1400	=cut
1164		1401
1165	sub stop_read {	1402	sub stop_read {
1166	my ($self) = @_;	1403	my ($self) = @_;
1167		1404
1168	delete $self->{_rw};	1405	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1169	}	1406	}
1170		1407
1171	sub start_read {	1408	sub start_read {
1172	my ($self) = @_;	1409	my ($self) = @_;
1173		1410
1174	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1411	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1175	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1412	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1176		1413
1177	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1414	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1178	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1415	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1179	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1416	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1180		1417
1181	if ($len > 0) {	1418	if ($len > 0) {
1182	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1419	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1183		1420
1184	$self->{filter_r}	1421	if ($self->{tls}) {
1185	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1422	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1186	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1423
		1424	&_dotls ($self);
		1425	} else {
		1426	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1427	}
1187		1428
1188	} elsif (defined $len) {	1429	} elsif (defined $len) {
1189	delete $self->{_rw};	1430	delete $self->{_rw};
1190	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1431	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1191	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1432	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
…		…
1195	}	1436	}
1196	});	1437	});
1197	}	1438	}
1198	}	1439	}
1199		1440
		1441	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1442	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1443
		1444	sub _tls_error {
		1445	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1446
		1447	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1448	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1449
		1450	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1451
		1452	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1453	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1454
		1455	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1456	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1457	&_freetls;
		1458	} else {
		1459	&_freetls;
		1460	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1461	}
		1462	}
		1463
		1464	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1465	# also decode read data if possible
		1466	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1467	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1468	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1200	sub _dotls {	1469	sub _dotls {
1201	my ($self) = @_;	1470	my ($self) = @_;
1202		1471
1203	my $buf;	1472	my $tmp;
1204		1473
1205	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1474	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1206	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1475	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1207	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1476	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1208	}	1477	}
1209	}
1210		1478
		1479	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1480	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1481	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1482	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1483	}
		1484
		1485	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1486	unless (length $tmp) {
		1487	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1488	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1489	&_freetls;
		1490
		1491	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1492	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1493	return;
		1494	} else {
		1495	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1496	delete $self->{_rw};
		1497	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1498	}
		1499	}
		1500
		1501	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1502	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1503	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1504	}
		1505
		1506	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1507	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1508	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1509	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1510
1211	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1511	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1212	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1512	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1213	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1513	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1214	}	1514	}
1215		1515
1216	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1516	$self->{_on_starttls}
1217	if (length $buf) {	1517	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1218	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1518	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1219	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1220	} else {
1221	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1222	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1223	$self->_shutdown;
1224	return;
1225	}
1226	}
1227
1228	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1229
1230	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1231	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1232	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1233	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1234	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1235	}
1236
1237	# all others are fine for our purposes
1238	}
1239	}	1519	}
1240		1520
1241	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1521	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1242		1522
1243	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1523	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
1245	C<starttls>.	1525	C<starttls>.
1246		1526
1247	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1527	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1248	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1528	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1249		1529
1250	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1530	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1251	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1531	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1532	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1533	construct a new context.
1252		1534
1253	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1535	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1254	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1536	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1255	might have already started when this function returns.	1537	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1538	when this function returns.
1256		1539
		1540	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1541	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1542
1257	=cut	1543	=cut
		1544
		1545	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1258		1546
1259	sub starttls {	1547	sub starttls {
1260	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1548	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1261		1549
1262	$self->stoptls;	1550	require Net::SSLeay;
1263		1551
1264	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1552	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1265	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1553	if $self->{tls};
1266	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1554
1267	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1555	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1268	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1556	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1269	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1557
		1558	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1559
		1560	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1561	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1562
		1563	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1564
		1565	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1566	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1567	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1568	} else {
		1569	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1570	}
		1571	}
1270	}	1572
1271		1573	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1272	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1574	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1273		1575
1274	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1576	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1275	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1577	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1276	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1578	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1277	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1579	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1278	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1580	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1581	#
		1582	# in short: this is a mess.
		1583	#
		1584	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1585	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1586	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1587	# have identity issues in that area.
1279	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1588	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1280	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1589	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1281	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1590	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1591	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1282		1592
1283	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1593	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1284	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1594	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1285		1595
1286	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1596	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1287		1597
1288	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1598	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1289	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1599	if $self->{on_starttls};
1290	&_dotls;	1600
1291	};	1601	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1292	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1602	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1293	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1294	&_dotls;
1295	};
1296	}	1603	}
1297		1604
1298	=item $handle->stoptls	1605	=item $handle->stoptls
1299		1606
1300	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1607	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1301	lost.	1608	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1609	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1610	afterwards.
1302		1611
1303	=cut	1612	=cut
1304		1613
1305	sub stoptls {	1614	sub stoptls {
1306	my ($self) = @_;	1615	my ($self) = @_;
1307		1616
1308	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1617	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1618	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1309		1619
1310	delete $self->{_rbio};	1620	&_dotls;
1311	delete $self->{_wbio};	1621
1312	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1622	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1313	delete $self->{filter_r};	1623	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1314	delete $self->{filter_w};	1624	# &_freetls;#d#
		1625	}
		1626	}
		1627
		1628	sub _freetls {
		1629	my ($self) = @_;
		1630
		1631	return unless $self->{tls};
		1632
		1633	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1634
		1635	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1315	}	1636	}
1316		1637
1317	sub DESTROY {	1638	sub DESTROY {
1318	my $self = shift;	1639	my ($self) = @_;
1319		1640
1320	$self->stoptls;	1641	&_freetls;
1321		1642
1322	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1643	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1323		1644
1324	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1645	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
1325	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1646	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
…		…
1340	@linger = ();	1661	@linger = ();
1341	});	1662	});
1342	}	1663	}
1343	}	1664	}
1344		1665
		1666	=item $handle->destroy
		1667
		1668	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1669	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1670	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1671
		1672	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1673	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1674	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1675	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1676	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1677	that case.
		1678
		1679	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1680	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1681	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1682	reference cycles.
		1683
		1684	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1685	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1686
		1687	=cut
		1688
		1689	sub destroy {
		1690	my ($self) = @_;
		1691
		1692	$self->DESTROY;
		1693	%$self = ();
		1694	}
		1695
1345	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1696	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1346		1697
1347	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1698	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1348	default for TLS mode.	1699	for TLS mode.
1349		1700
1350	The context is created like this:	1701	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1351
1352	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1353	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1354	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1355
1356	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1357
1358	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1359		1702
1360	=cut	1703	=cut
1361		1704
1362	our $TLS_CTX;	1705	our $TLS_CTX;
1363		1706
1364	sub TLS_CTX() {	1707	sub TLS_CTX() {
1365	$TLS_CTX || do {	1708	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1366	require Net::SSLeay;	1709	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1367		1710
1368	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1711	new AnyEvent::TLS
1369	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1370	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1371
1372	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1373
1374	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1375
1376	$TLS_CTX
1377	}	1712	}
1378	}	1713	}
1379		1714
1380	=back	1715	=back
		1716
		1717
		1718	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1719
		1720	=over 4
		1721
		1722	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1723	still get further invocations!
		1724
		1725	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1726	read or write callbacks.
		1727
		1728	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1729	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1730	->destroy >> method.
		1731
		1732	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1733	reading?
		1734
		1735	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1736	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1737	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1738	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1739
		1740	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1741	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1742	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1743
		1744	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1745	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1746	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1747	C<destroy> method.
		1748
		1749	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1750
		1751	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1752	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1753	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1754	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1755
		1756	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1757	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1758	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1759	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1760	});
		1761
		1762	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1763	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1764	fact, all data has been received.
		1765
		1766	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1767	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1768	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1769	explicit QUIT command.
		1770
		1771	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1772	all data has been written?
		1773
		1774	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1775	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1776	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1777	written to the socket:
		1778
		1779	$handle->push_write (...);
		1780	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1781	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1782	undef $handle;
		1783	});
		1784
		1785	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1786	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1787
		1788	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1789
		1790	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1791	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1792	parameter:
		1793
		1794	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1795	my ($fh) = @_;
		1796
		1797	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1798	fh => $fh,
		1799	tls => "connect",
		1800	on_error => sub { ... };
		1801
		1802	$handle->push_write (...);
		1803	};
		1804
		1805	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1806
		1807	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1808	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1809	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1810
		1811	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1812
		1813	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1814	my ($fh) = @_;
		1815
		1816	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1817	fh => $fh,
		1818	peername => $host,
		1819	tls => "connect",
		1820	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1821	...
		1822
		1823	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1824	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1825	peername verification will be done.
		1826
		1827	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1828	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1829	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1830
		1831	tls_ctx => {
		1832	verify => 1,
		1833	verify_peername => "https",
		1834	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1835	},
		1836
		1837	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1838
		1839	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1840	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1841	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1842	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1843	nice program for that purpose).
		1844
		1845	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1846	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1847	file should then look like this:
		1848
		1849	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1850	...header data
		1851	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1852	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1853
		1854	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1855	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1856	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1857
		1858	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1859	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1860
		1861	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1862	my ($fh) = @_;
		1863
		1864	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1865	fh => $fh,
		1866	tls => "accept",
		1867	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1868	...
		1869
		1870	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1871	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1872
		1873	=back
		1874
1381		1875
1382	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1876	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1383		1877
1384	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1878	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1385		1879
…		…
1389	=over 4	1883	=over 4
1390		1884
1391	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1885	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1392		1886
1393	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1887	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1394	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1888	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1395	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1889	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1396		1890
1397	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1891	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1398		1892
1399	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1893	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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