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Revision 1.47 by root, Thu May 29 00:25:28 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.87 by root, Thu Aug 21 20:52:39 2008 UTC

1package AnyEvent::Handle; 1package AnyEvent::Handle;
2 2
3no warnings; 3no warnings;
4use strict; 4use strict qw(subs vars);
5 5
6use AnyEvent (); 6use AnyEvent ();
7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK); 7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8use Scalar::Util (); 8use Scalar::Util ();
9use Carp (); 9use Carp ();
14 14
15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent 15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16 16
17=cut 17=cut
18 18
19our $VERSION = '0.04'; 19our $VERSION = 4.232;
20 20
21=head1 SYNOPSIS 21=head1 SYNOPSIS
22 22
23 use AnyEvent; 23 use AnyEvent;
24 use AnyEvent::Handle; 24 use AnyEvent::Handle;
49 49
50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on 50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts 51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>. 52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53 53
54The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56
54In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this 57In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their 58means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56treatment of characters applies to this module as well. 59treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57 60
58All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first 61All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
70 73
71=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY] 74=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72 75
73The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on. 76The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74 77
75NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using 78NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking). 79C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80that mode.
77 81
78=item on_eof => $cb->($handle) 82=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79 83
80Set the callback to be called on EOF. 84Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86connection cleanly.
81 87
88For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof
90callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91down.
92
82While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback, 93While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,
83otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still 94otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
84waiting for data. 95waiting for data.
85 96
97If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99
86=item on_error => $cb->($handle) 100=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
87 101
88This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error 102This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect 103occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90or a read error. 104connect or a read error.
91 105
92The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been 106Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93called. 107fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal
109errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
94 116
95On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system 117On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
96error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>). 118error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
97 119
98The callback should throw an exception. If it returns, then
99AnyEvent::Handle will C<croak> for you.
100
101While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as 120While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
102you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls 121you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
103die. 122C<croak>.
104 123
105=item on_read => $cb->($handle) 124=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
106 125
107This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives 126This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
108and no read request is in the queue. 127and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129read buffer).
109 130
110To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >> 131To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
111method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly. 132method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.
112 133
113When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to 134When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
119 140
120This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty 141This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
121(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already). 142(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
122 143
123To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method. 144To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145
146This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
148of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
149memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150the file when the write queue becomes empty.
124 151
125=item timeout => $fractional_seconds 152=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
126 153
127If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many 154If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
128seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file 155seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
152be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on 179be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
153(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited 180(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
154amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line 181amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
155isn't finished). 182isn't finished).
156 183
184=item autocork => <boolean>
185
186When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
188a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be
189inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is
190usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).
191
192When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194but less efficient when you do a single write only.
195
196=item no_delay => <boolean>
197
198When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201
202In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be
203accomplishd by setting this option to true.
204
205The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option
206explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207
157=item read_size => <bytes> 208=item read_size => <bytes>
158 209
159The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read 210The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read
160during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>. 211during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.
161 212
163 214
164Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write 215Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
165buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is 216buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
166considered empty. 217considered empty.
167 218
219=item linger => <seconds>
220
221If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write
223data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors
224will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats
225outstanding data at socket close time).
226
227This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been
228encoded. This data will be lost.
229
168=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object 230=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
169 231
170When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it 232When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
171will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt 233AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt
172data. 234data.
173 235
174TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded 236TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
175automatically when you try to create a TLS handle). 237automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).
176 238
177For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a 239Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
178connection, use C<connect> mode. 240C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241mode.
179 242
180You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have 243You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
181to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state> 244to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
182or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to 245or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
183AnyEvent::Handle. 246AnyEvent::Handle.
184 247
185See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later. 248See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
186 249
187=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx 250=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx
188 251
189Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection 252Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection
190(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is 253(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object 256=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
194 257
195This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types. 258This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
196 259
197If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a 260If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
198suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts. 261suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
262texts.
199 263
200Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to 264Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
201use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself. 265use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
202 266
203=item filter_r => $cb 267=item filter_r => $cb
204 268
205=item filter_w => $cb 269=item filter_w => $cb
206 270
207These exist, but are undocumented at this time. 271These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
272by the TLS code).
208 273
209=back 274=back
210 275
211=cut 276=cut
212 277
222 if ($self->{tls}) { 287 if ($self->{tls}) {
223 require Net::SSLeay; 288 require Net::SSLeay;
224 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx}); 289 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
225 } 290 }
226 291
227# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
228# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
229# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
230 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
231
232 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now; 292 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
233 $self->_timeout; 293 $self->_timeout;
234 294
295 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
296 $self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
297
235 $self->start_read; 298 $self->start_read
299 if $self->{on_read};
236 300
237 $self 301 $self
238} 302}
239 303
240sub _shutdown { 304sub _shutdown {
242 306
243 delete $self->{_tw}; 307 delete $self->{_tw};
244 delete $self->{_rw}; 308 delete $self->{_rw};
245 delete $self->{_ww}; 309 delete $self->{_ww};
246 delete $self->{fh}; 310 delete $self->{fh};
247}
248 311
312 $self->stoptls;
313
314 delete $self->{on_read};
315 delete $self->{_queue};
316}
317
249sub error { 318sub _error {
250 my ($self) = @_; 319 my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;
251 320
252 {
253 local $!;
254 $self->_shutdown; 321 $self->_shutdown
255 } 322 if $fatal;
256 323
257 $self->{on_error}($self) 324 $! = $errno;
325
258 if $self->{on_error}; 326 if ($self->{on_error}) {
259 327 $self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);
328 } else {
260 Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!"; 329 Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";
330 }
261} 331}
262 332
263=item $fh = $handle->fh 333=item $fh = $handle->fh
264 334
265This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object. 335This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
296 366
297=cut 367=cut
298 368
299sub on_timeout { 369sub on_timeout {
300 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1]; 370 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
371}
372
373=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
374
375Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
376constructor argument).
377
378=cut
379
380=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
381
382Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
383the same name for details).
384
385=cut
386
387sub no_delay {
388 $_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
389
390 eval {
391 local $SIG{__DIE__};
392 setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
393 };
301} 394}
302 395
303############################################################################# 396#############################################################################
304 397
305=item $handle->timeout ($seconds) 398=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
329 # now or in the past already? 422 # now or in the past already?
330 if ($after <= 0) { 423 if ($after <= 0) {
331 $self->{_activity} = $NOW; 424 $self->{_activity} = $NOW;
332 425
333 if ($self->{on_timeout}) { 426 if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
334 $self->{on_timeout}->($self); 427 $self->{on_timeout}($self);
335 } else { 428 } else {
336 $! = Errno::ETIMEDOUT; 429 $self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
337 $self->error;
338 } 430 }
339 431
340 # callbakx could have changed timeout value, optimise 432 # callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
341 return unless $self->{timeout}; 433 return unless $self->{timeout};
342 434
343 # calculate new after 435 # calculate new after
344 $after = $self->{timeout}; 436 $after = $self->{timeout};
345 } 437 }
346 438
347 Scalar::Util::weaken $self; 439 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
440 return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
348 441
349 $self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub { 442 $self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
350 delete $self->{_tw}; 443 delete $self->{_tw};
351 $self->_timeout; 444 $self->_timeout;
352 }); 445 });
415 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf} 508 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}
416 && $self->{on_drain}; 509 && $self->{on_drain};
417 510
418 delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf}; 511 delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
419 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) { 512 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
420 $self->error; 513 $self->_error ($!, 1);
421 } 514 }
422 }; 515 };
423 516
424 # try to write data immediately 517 # try to write data immediately
425 $cb->(); 518 $cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
426 519
427 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll 520 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
428 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb) 521 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
429 if length $self->{wbuf}; 522 if length $self->{wbuf};
430 }; 523 };
445 @_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write") 538 @_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
446 ->($self, @_); 539 ->($self, @_);
447 } 540 }
448 541
449 if ($self->{filter_w}) { 542 if ($self->{filter_w}) {
450 $self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]); 543 $self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);
451 } else { 544 } else {
452 $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0]; 545 $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
453 $self->_drain_wbuf; 546 $self->_drain_wbuf;
454 } 547 }
455} 548}
456 549
457=item $handle->push_write (type => @args) 550=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
458 551
459=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
460
461Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do 552Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
462the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. 553the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
463 554
464Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to 555Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
465drop by and tell us): 556drop by and tell us):
469=item netstring => $string 560=item netstring => $string
470 561
471Formats the given value as netstring 562Formats the given value as netstring
472(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them). 563(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
473 564
474=back
475
476=cut 565=cut
477 566
478register_write_type netstring => sub { 567register_write_type netstring => sub {
479 my ($self, $string) = @_; 568 my ($self, $string) = @_;
480 569
481 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string 570 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string
571};
572
573=item packstring => $format, $data
574
575An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
576uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
577integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
578optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
579
580=cut
581
582register_write_type packstring => sub {
583 my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
584
585 pack "$format/a*", $string
482}; 586};
483 587
484=item json => $array_or_hashref 588=item json => $array_or_hashref
485 589
486Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you 590Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
520 624
521 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref) 625 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
522 : JSON::encode_json ($ref) 626 : JSON::encode_json ($ref)
523}; 627};
524 628
629=item storable => $reference
630
631Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
632handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
633
634=cut
635
636register_write_type storable => sub {
637 my ($self, $ref) = @_;
638
639 require Storable;
640
641 pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
642};
643
644=back
645
525=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args) 646=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
526 647
527This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>. 648This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
528Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code 649Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
529reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments. 650reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
549ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using 670ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
550a queue. 671a queue.
551 672
552In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever 673In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
553new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if 674new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
554enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want 675enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
555or not. 676leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
677partial message has been received so far).
556 678
557In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this 679In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
558case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new 680case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
559data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>, 681data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
560below). 682done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
561 683
562This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading 684This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
563a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order. 685a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
564 686
565Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by 687Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
566the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram. 688the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
567 689
568 # in the default state, expect some header bytes 690 # in the default state, expect some header bytes
569 $handle->on_read (sub { 691 $handle->on_read (sub {
570 # some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets) 692 # some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
571 shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub { 693 shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
572 # header arrived, decode 694 # header arrived, decode
573 my $len = unpack "N", $_[1]; 695 my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
574 696
575 # now read the payload 697 # now read the payload
576 shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub { 698 shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
577 my $xml = $_[1]; 699 my $xml = $_[1];
578 # handle xml 700 # handle xml
579 }); 701 });
580 }); 702 });
581 }); 703 });
582 704
583Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with 705Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
584"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the 706and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
585second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just 707bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
586pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in 708just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
587the callbacks: 709in the callbacks.
588 710
589 # request one 711When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
712C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
71364-byte chunk callback.
714
715 # request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
590 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012"); 716 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
591 717
592 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read 718 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
593 $handle->push_read_line (sub { 719 $handle->push_read (line => sub {
594 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line, 720 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
595 # so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes 721 # so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
596 # which are already in the queue when this callback is called 722 # which are already in the queue when this callback is called
597 # we don't do this in case we got an error 723 # we don't do this in case we got an error
598 if ($_[1] eq "OK") { 724 if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
599 $_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub { 725 $_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
600 my $response = $_[1]; 726 my $response = $_[1];
601 ... 727 ...
602 }); 728 });
603 } 729 }
604 }); 730 });
605 731
606 # request two 732 # request two, simply returns 64 octets
607 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012"); 733 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
608 734
609 # simply read 64 bytes, always 735 # simply read 64 bytes, always
610 $handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub { 736 $handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
611 my $response = $_[1]; 737 my $response = $_[1];
612 ... 738 ...
613 }); 739 });
614 740
615=over 4 741=over 4
616 742
617=cut 743=cut
618 744
619sub _drain_rbuf { 745sub _drain_rbuf {
620 my ($self) = @_; 746 my ($self) = @_;
747
748 local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
621 749
622 if ( 750 if (
623 defined $self->{rbuf_max} 751 defined $self->{rbuf_max}
624 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf} 752 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
625 ) { 753 ) {
626 $! = &Errno::ENOSPC; 754 $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
627 $self->error;
628 } 755 }
629 756
630 return if $self->{in_drain}; 757 while () {
631 local $self->{in_drain} = 1;
632
633 while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) { 758 my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
634 no strict 'refs'; 759
635 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) { 760 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
636 unless ($cb->($self)) { 761 unless ($cb->($self)) {
637 if ($self->{_eof}) { 762 if ($self->{_eof}) {
638 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming) 763 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
639 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; 764 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
640 $self->error;
641 } 765 }
642 766
643 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 767 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
644 return; 768 last;
645 } 769 }
646 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) { 770 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
771 last unless $len;
772
647 $self->{on_read}($self); 773 $self->{on_read}($self);
648 774
649 if ( 775 if (
650 $self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
651 && $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed 776 $len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
652 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty 777 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653 && $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data 778 && $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
654 ) { 779 ) {
780 # no further data will arrive
655 # then no progress can be made 781 # so no progress can be made
656 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; 782 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
657 $self->error; 783 if $self->{_eof};
784
785 last; # more data might arrive
658 } 786 }
659 } else { 787 } else {
660 # read side becomes idle 788 # read side becomes idle
661 delete $self->{_rw}; 789 delete $self->{_rw};
662 return; 790 last;
663 } 791 }
664 } 792 }
665 793
666 if ($self->{_eof}) { 794 if ($self->{_eof}) {
667 $self->_shutdown; 795 if ($self->{on_eof}) {
668 $self->{on_eof}($self) 796 $self->{on_eof}($self)
669 if $self->{on_eof}; 797 } else {
798 $self->_error (0, 1);
799 }
800 }
801
802 # may need to restart read watcher
803 unless ($self->{_rw}) {
804 $self->start_read
805 if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
670 } 806 }
671} 807}
672 808
673=item $handle->on_read ($cb) 809=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
674 810
680 816
681sub on_read { 817sub on_read {
682 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 818 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
683 819
684 $self->{on_read} = $cb; 820 $self->{on_read} = $cb;
821 $self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
685} 822}
686 823
687=item $handle->rbuf 824=item $handle->rbuf
688 825
689Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). 826Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
738 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read") 875 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
739 ->($self, $cb, @_); 876 ->($self, $cb, @_);
740 } 877 }
741 878
742 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 879 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
743 $self->_drain_rbuf; 880 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
744} 881}
745 882
746sub unshift_read { 883sub unshift_read {
747 my $self = shift; 884 my $self = shift;
748 my $cb = pop; 885 my $cb = pop;
754 ->($self, $cb, @_); 891 ->($self, $cb, @_);
755 } 892 }
756 893
757 894
758 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 895 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
759 $self->_drain_rbuf; 896 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
760} 897}
761 898
762=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb) 899=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
763 900
764=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb) 901=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
794 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""); 931 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
795 1 932 1
796 } 933 }
797}; 934};
798 935
799# compatibility with older API
800sub push_read_chunk {
801 $_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
802}
803
804sub unshift_read_chunk {
805 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
806}
807
808=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol) 936=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
809 937
810The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of 938The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
811line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line 939line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
812marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and 940marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
827=cut 955=cut
828 956
829register_read_type line => sub { 957register_read_type line => sub {
830 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_; 958 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
831 959
832 $eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3; 960 if (@_ < 3) {
833 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol; 961 # this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
834 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
835
836 sub { 962 sub {
837 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return; 963 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
838 964
839 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2); 965 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
840 1
841 }
842};
843
844# compatibility with older API
845sub push_read_line {
846 my $self = shift;
847 $self->push_read (line => @_);
848}
849
850sub unshift_read_line {
851 my $self = shift;
852 $self->unshift_read (line => @_);
853}
854
855=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
856
857A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
858
859Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
860
861=cut
862
863register_read_type netstring => sub {
864 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
865
866 sub {
867 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
868 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
869 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
870 $self->error;
871 } 966 1
872 return;
873 } 967 }
968 } else {
969 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
970 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
874 971
875 my $len = $1; 972 sub {
973 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
876 974
877 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub { 975 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
878 my $string = $_[1];
879 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
880 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
881 $cb->($_[0], $string);
882 } else {
883 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
884 $self->error;
885 }
886 }); 976 1
887 }); 977 }
888
889 1
890 } 978 }
891}; 979};
892 980
893=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data) 981=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
894 982
946 return 1; 1034 return 1;
947 } 1035 }
948 1036
949 # reject 1037 # reject
950 if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) { 1038 if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
951 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG; 1039 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
952 $self->error;
953 } 1040 }
954 1041
955 # skip 1042 # skip
956 if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) { 1043 if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
957 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], ""; 1044 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
959 1046
960 () 1047 ()
961 } 1048 }
962}; 1049};
963 1050
1051=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
1052
1053A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
1054
1055Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
1056
1057=cut
1058
1059register_read_type netstring => sub {
1060 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1061
1062 sub {
1063 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1064 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1065 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1066 }
1067 return;
1068 }
1069
1070 my $len = $1;
1071
1072 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1073 my $string = $_[1];
1074 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1075 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1076 $cb->($_[0], $string);
1077 } else {
1078 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1079 }
1080 });
1081 });
1082
1083 1
1084 }
1085};
1086
1087=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
1088
1089An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1090uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1091integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1092optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1093
1094DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.
1095
1096Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1097format (very efficient).
1098
1099 $handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
1100 my ($handle, $data) = @_;
1101 });
1102
1103=cut
1104
1105register_read_type packstring => sub {
1106 my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1107
1108 sub {
1109 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1110 defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1111 or return;
1112
1113 $format = length pack $format, $len;
1114
1115 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1116 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1117 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1118 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1119 $cb->($_[0], $data);
1120 } else {
1121 # remove prefix
1122 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1123
1124 # read remaining chunk
1125 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
1126 }
1127
1128 1
1129 }
1130};
1131
964=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref) 1132=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
965 1133
966Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback. 1134Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.
967 1135
968If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used 1136If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
978the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example. 1146the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
979 1147
980=cut 1148=cut
981 1149
982register_read_type json => sub { 1150register_read_type json => sub {
983 my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_; 1151 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
984 1152
985 require JSON; 1153 require JSON;
986 1154
987 my $data; 1155 my $data;
988 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf}; 1156 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1003 () 1171 ()
1004 } 1172 }
1005 } 1173 }
1006}; 1174};
1007 1175
1176=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
1177
1178Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
1179C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
1180data).
1181
1182Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
1183
1184=cut
1185
1186register_read_type storable => sub {
1187 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1188
1189 require Storable;
1190
1191 sub {
1192 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1193 defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1194 or return;
1195
1196 my $format = length pack "w", $len;
1197
1198 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1199 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1200 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1201 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1202 $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
1203 } else {
1204 # remove prefix
1205 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1206
1207 # read remaining chunk
1208 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1209 if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1210 $cb->($_[0], $ref);
1211 } else {
1212 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1213 }
1214 });
1215 }
1216
1217 1
1218 }
1219};
1220
1008=back 1221=back
1009 1222
1010=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args) 1223=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
1011 1224
1012This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>. 1225This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
1030=item $handle->stop_read 1243=item $handle->stop_read
1031 1244
1032=item $handle->start_read 1245=item $handle->start_read
1033 1246
1034In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the 1247In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1035socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no 1248socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1036any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call 1249any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1037C<start_read>. 1250C<start_read>.
1251
1252Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1253you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1254will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1255there are any read requests in the queue.
1038 1256
1039=cut 1257=cut
1040 1258
1041sub stop_read { 1259sub stop_read {
1042 my ($self) = @_; 1260 my ($self) = @_;
1056 1274
1057 if ($len > 0) { 1275 if ($len > 0) {
1058 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now; 1276 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1059 1277
1060 $self->{filter_r} 1278 $self->{filter_r}
1061 ? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf) 1279 ? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)
1062 : $self->_drain_rbuf; 1280 : $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;
1063 1281
1064 } elsif (defined $len) { 1282 } elsif (defined $len) {
1065 delete $self->{_rw}; 1283 delete $self->{_rw};
1066 $self->{_eof} = 1; 1284 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1067 $self->_drain_rbuf; 1285 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1068 1286
1069 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) { 1287 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1070 return $self->error; 1288 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1071 } 1289 }
1072 }); 1290 });
1073 } 1291 }
1074} 1292}
1075 1293
1076sub _dotls { 1294sub _dotls {
1077 my ($self) = @_; 1295 my ($self) = @_;
1296
1297 my $buf;
1078 1298
1079 if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) { 1299 if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1080 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) { 1300 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1081 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, ""; 1301 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
1082 } 1302 }
1083 } 1303 }
1084 1304
1085 if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) { 1305 if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1086 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf; 1306 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf;
1087 $self->_drain_wbuf; 1307 $self->_drain_wbuf;
1088 } 1308 }
1089 1309
1090 while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) { 1310 while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1311 if (length $buf) {
1091 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf; 1312 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf;
1092 $self->_drain_rbuf; 1313 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1314 } else {
1315 # let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1316 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1317 $self->_shutdown;
1318 return;
1319 }
1093 } 1320 }
1094 1321
1095 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); 1322 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1096 1323
1097 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) { 1324 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1098 if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) { 1325 if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1099 $self->error; 1326 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1100 } elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) { 1327 } elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1101 $! = &Errno::EIO; 1328 return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1102 $self->error;
1103 } 1329 }
1104 1330
1105 # all others are fine for our purposes 1331 # all others are fine for our purposes
1106 } 1332 }
1107} 1333}
1122call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake 1348call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake
1123might have already started when this function returns. 1349might have already started when this function returns.
1124 1350
1125=cut 1351=cut
1126 1352
1127# TODO: maybe document...
1128sub starttls { 1353sub starttls {
1129 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_; 1354 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1130 1355
1131 $self->stoptls; 1356 $self->stoptls;
1132 1357
1143 # basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues) 1368 # basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1144 # but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works". 1369 # but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1145 # (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned 1370 # (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1146 # and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them). 1371 # and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1147 # http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html 1372 # http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1373 #
1374 # in short: this is a mess.
1375 #
1376 # note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1377 # we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1378 # and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.
1148 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls}, 1379 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},
1149 (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1) 1380 (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1150 | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2)); 1381 | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1151 1382
1152 $self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ()); 1383 $self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1185 1416
1186sub DESTROY { 1417sub DESTROY {
1187 my $self = shift; 1418 my $self = shift;
1188 1419
1189 $self->stoptls; 1420 $self->stoptls;
1421
1422 my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1423
1424 if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
1425 my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1426 my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1427
1428 my @linger;
1429
1430 push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
1431 my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1432
1433 if ($len > 0) {
1434 substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1435 } else {
1436 @linger = (); # end
1437 }
1438 });
1439 push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
1440 @linger = ();
1441 });
1442 }
1190} 1443}
1191 1444
1192=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX 1445=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1193 1446
1194This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by 1447This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by
1236=over 4 1489=over 4
1237 1490
1238=item * all constructor arguments become object members. 1491=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1239 1492
1240At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it 1493At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1241will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or 1494will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1242mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object). 1495mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1243 1496
1244=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>. 1497=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1245 1498
1246All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed 1499All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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