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Revision 1.178 by root, Tue Aug 11 01:15:17 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
64	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
65		66
66	=over 4	67	=over 4
67		68
68	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		70
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		72
72	=over 4	73	=over 4
73		74
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		76
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	80	that mode.
81		81
		82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		83
		84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
		87
		88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		100
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
87		106
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	109	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		110
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		112
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		138
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
105		142
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		155
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		160
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
119		164
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	167	C<croak>.
123		168
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	174	read buffer).
130		175
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
133		180
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		206
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		208
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		219
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
158		237
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		242	restart the timeout.
163		243
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	244	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		245
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	246	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		247
…		…
171		251
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	252	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		253
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	254	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	255	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	256	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		257
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	258	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	259	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	260	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	261	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	262	isn't finished).
183		263
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	264	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		265
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	266	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	267	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	268	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	269	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	270	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		271	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		272
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	273	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	274	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	275	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		276	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		277
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	278	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		279
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	280	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	281	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	282	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		283
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	284	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	285	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		286
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	287	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	288	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207		289
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	290	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		291
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	292	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	293	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		294	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		295
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	296	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		297
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	298	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	299	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	300	considered empty.
218		301
		302	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		303	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		304	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		305	is good in almost all cases.
		306
219	=item linger => <seconds>	307	=item linger => <seconds>
220		308
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	309	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	310	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	311	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	312	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	313	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		314
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	315	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	316	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		317	help.
		318
		319	=item peername => $string
		320
		321	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		322	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		323
		324	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		325	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		326	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		327	C<undef>.
229		328
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	329	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		330
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	331	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	332	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
234	data.	333	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		334
		335	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		336	appropriate error message.
235		337
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	338	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	339	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		340	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		341	to add the dependency yourself.
238		342
239	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	343	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	connection, use C<connect> mode.	344	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		345	mode.
241		346
242	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	347	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
243	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	348	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
244	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	349	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
245	AnyEvent::Handle.	350	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		351	object.
246		352
		353	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		354	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		355	away.
		356
		357	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		358	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		359	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		360	segmentation fault.
		361
247	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.	362	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
248		363
249	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	364	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
250		365
251	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	366	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
252	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	367	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
253	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	368	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
254		369
		370	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		371	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		372	new TLS context object.
		373
		374	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		375
		376	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		377	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		378	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		379
		380	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		381	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		382
		383	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		384	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		385
		386	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		387	called, as normal.
		388
		389	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		390	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		391	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		392
		393	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		394
		395	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		396	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		397	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		398	on the handle.
		399
		400	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		401	callback.
		402
		403	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		404	underlying handle signals EOF.
		405
255	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	406	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
256		407
257	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	408	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
258		409
259	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	410	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
260	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	411	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		412	texts.
261		413
262	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	414	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
263	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	415	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
264		416
265	=item filter_r => $cb
266
267	=item filter_w => $cb
268
269	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
270
271	=back	417	=back
272		418
273	=cut	419	=cut
274		420
275	sub new {	421	sub new {
276	my $class = shift;	422	my $class = shift;
277
278	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	423	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
279		424
280	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	425	if ($self->{fh}) {
		426	$self->_start;
		427	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		428
		429	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		430	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		431
		432	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		433	unless exists $self->{peername};
		434
		435	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		436
		437	{
		438	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		439
		440	$self->{_connect} =
		441	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		442	$self->{connect}[0],
		443	$self->{connect}[1],
		444	sub {
		445	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		446
		447	if ($fh) {
		448	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		449
		450	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		451	$self->_start;
		452
		453	$self->{on_connect}
		454	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		455	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		456	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		457	&$retry;
		458	});
		459
		460	} else {
		461	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		462	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		463	$self->destroy;
		464	} else {
		465	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		466	}
		467	}
		468	},
		469	sub {
		470	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		471
		472	$self->{on_prepare}
		473	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		474	: ()
		475	}
		476	);
		477	}
		478
		479	} else {
		480	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		481	}
		482
		483	$self
		484	}
		485
		486	sub _start {
		487	my ($self) = @_;
281		488
282	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	489	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
283		490
284	if ($self->{tls}) {	491	$self->{_activity} =
285	require Net::SSLeay;	492	$self->{_ractivity} =
286	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
287	}
288
289	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	493	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
290	$self->_timeout;
291		494
292	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	495	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		496	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout}) if $self->{rtimeout};
		497	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout}) if $self->{wtimeout};
		498
293	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	499	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
294		500
		501	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		502	if $self->{tls};
		503
		504	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		505
295	$self->start_read	506	$self->start_read
296	if $self->{on_read};	507	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
297		508
298	$self	509	$self->_drain_wbuf;
299	}
300
301	sub _shutdown {
302	my ($self) = @_;
303
304	delete $self->{_tw};
305	delete $self->{_rw};
306	delete $self->{_ww};
307	delete $self->{fh};
308
309	$self->stoptls;
310
311	delete $self->{on_read};
312	delete $self->{_queue};
313	}	510	}
314		511
315	sub _error {	512	sub _error {
316	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	513	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
317
318	$self->_shutdown
319	if $fatal;
320		514
321	$! = $errno;	515	$! = $errno;
		516	$message ||= "$!";
322		517
323	if ($self->{on_error}) {	518	if ($self->{on_error}) {
324	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	519	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
325	} else {	520	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		521	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		522	$self->destroy;
326	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	523	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
327	}	524	}
328	}	525	}
329		526
330	=item $fh = $handle->fh	527	=item $fh = $handle->fh
331		528
332	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	529	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
333		530
334	=cut	531	=cut
335		532
336	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	533	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
337		534
…		…
355	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	552	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
356	}	553	}
357		554
358	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	555	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
359		556
360	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	557	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
361	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
362	argument.
363		558
364	=cut	559	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
365		560
366	sub on_timeout {	561	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
367	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	562	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
368	}	563	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		564
		565	=cut
		566
		567	# see below
369		568
370	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	569	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
371		570
372	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	571	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
373	constructor argument).	572	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
374		573
375	=cut	574	=cut
		575
		576	sub autocork {
		577	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		578	}
376		579
377	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	580	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
378		581
379	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	582	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
380	the same name for details).	583	the same name for details).
…		…
384	sub no_delay {	587	sub no_delay {
385	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	588	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
386		589
387	eval {	590	eval {
388	local $SIG{__DIE__};	591	local $SIG{__DIE__};
389	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	592	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		593	if $_[0]{fh};
390	};	594	};
391	}	595	}
392		596
		597	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		608
		609	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub on_starttls {
		614	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		615	}
		616
		617	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		618
		619	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		620
		621	=cut
		622
		623	sub rbuf_max {
		624	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		625	}
		626
393	#############################################################################	627	#############################################################################
394		628
395	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	629	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
396		630
		631	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		632
		633	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		634
397	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	635	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
398		636
399	=cut	637	=item $handle->timeout_reset
400		638
401	sub timeout {	639	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		640
		641	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		642
		643	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		644
		645	These methods are cheap to call.
		646
		647	=cut
		648
		649	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		650	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		651	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		652	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		653	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		654	my $cb;
		655
		656	*$on_timeout = sub {
		657	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		658	};
		659
		660	*$timeout = sub {
402	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	661	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
403		662
404	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	663	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
405	$self->_timeout;	664	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
406	}	665	};
407		666
		667	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		668	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		669	};
		670
		671	# main workhorse:
408	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	672	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
409	# also check for time-outs	673	# also check for time-outs
410	sub _timeout {	674	$cb = sub {
411	my ($self) = @_;	675	my ($self) = @_;
412		676
413	if ($self->{timeout}) {	677	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
414	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	678	my $NOW = AE::now;
415		679
416	# when would the timeout trigger?	680	# when would the timeout trigger?
417	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	681	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
418		682
419	# now or in the past already?	683	# now or in the past already?
420	if ($after <= 0) {	684	if ($after <= 0) {
421	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	685	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
422		686
423	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	687	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
424	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	688	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
425	} else {	689	} else {
426	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	690	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		691	}
		692
		693	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		694	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		695
		696	# calculate new after
		697	$after = $self->{$timeout};
427	}	698	}
428		699
429	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	700	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
430	return unless $self->{timeout};	701	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
431		702
432	# calculate new after	703	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
433	$after = $self->{timeout};	704	delete $self->{$tw};
		705	$cb->($self);
		706	};
		707	} else {
		708	delete $self->{$tw};
434	}	709	}
435
436	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
437	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
438
439	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
440	delete $self->{_tw};
441	$self->_timeout;
442	});
443	} else {
444	delete $self->{_tw};
445	}	710	}
446	}	711	}
447		712
448	#############################################################################	713	#############################################################################
449		714
…		…
473	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	738	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
474		739
475	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	740	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
476		741
477	$cb->($self)	742	$cb->($self)
478	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	743	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
479	}	744	}
480		745
481	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	746	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
482		747
483	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	748	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
494	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	759	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
495		760
496	my $cb = sub {	761	my $cb = sub {
497	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	762	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
498		763
499	if ($len >= 0) {	764	if (defined $len) {
500	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	765	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
501		766
502	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	767	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
503		768
504	$self->{on_drain}($self)	769	$self->{on_drain}($self)
505	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	770	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
506	&& $self->{on_drain};	771	&& $self->{on_drain};
507		772
508	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	773	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
509	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	774	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
510	$self->_error ($!, 1);	775	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
513		778
514	# try to write data immediately	779	# try to write data immediately
515	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	780	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
516		781
517	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	782	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
518	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	783	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
519	if length $self->{wbuf};	784	if length $self->{wbuf};
520	};	785	};
521	}	786	}
522		787
523	our %WH;	788	our %WH;
…		…
534		799
535	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	800	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
536	->($self, @_);	801	->($self, @_);
537	}	802	}
538		803
539	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	804	if ($self->{tls}) {
540	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	805	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		806	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
541	} else {	807	} else {
542	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	808	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
543	$self->_drain_wbuf;	809	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
544	}	810	}
545	}	811	}
546		812
547	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	813	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
548		814
…		…
562	=cut	828	=cut
563		829
564	register_write_type netstring => sub {	830	register_write_type netstring => sub {
565	my ($self, $string) = @_;	831	my ($self, $string) = @_;
566		832
567	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	833	(length $string) . ":$string,"
568	};	834	};
569		835
570	=item packstring => $format, $data	836	=item packstring => $format, $data
571		837
572	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	838	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
637		903
638	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	904	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
639	};	905	};
640		906
641	=back	907	=back
		908
		909	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		910
		911	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		912	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		913	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		914	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		915	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		916
		917	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		918
		919	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		920	the peer.
		921
		922	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		923	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		924
		925	=cut
		926
		927	sub push_shutdown {
		928	my ($self) = @_;
		929
		930	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		931	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		932	}
642		933
643	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	934	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
644		935
645	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	936	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
646	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	937	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
740	=cut	1031	=cut
741		1032
742	sub _drain_rbuf {	1033	sub _drain_rbuf {
743	my ($self) = @_;	1034	my ($self) = @_;
744		1035
		1036	# avoid recursion
		1037	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
745	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1038	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
746
747	if (
748	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
749	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
750	) {
751	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
752	}
753		1039
754	while () {	1040	while () {
		1041	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1042	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1043	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1044	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1045
755	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1046	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
756		1047
757	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1048	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
758	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1049	unless ($cb->($self)) {
759	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1050	# no progress can be made
760	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1051	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
761	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1052	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
762	}	1053	if $self->{_eof};
763		1054
764	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1055	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
765	last;	1056	last;
766	}	1057	}
767	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1058	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
774	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1065	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
775	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1066	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
776	) {	1067	) {
777	# no further data will arrive	1068	# no further data will arrive
778	# so no progress can be made	1069	# so no progress can be made
779	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1070	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
780	if $self->{_eof};	1071	if $self->{_eof};
781		1072
782	last; # more data might arrive	1073	last; # more data might arrive
783	}	1074	}
784	} else {	1075	} else {
785	# read side becomes idle	1076	# read side becomes idle
786	delete $self->{_rw};	1077	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
787	last;	1078	last;
788	}	1079	}
789	}	1080	}
790		1081
791	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1082	if ($self->{_eof}) {
792	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1083	$self->{on_eof}
793	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1084	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
794	} else {	1085	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
795	$self->_error (0, 1);	1086
796	}	1087	return;
		1088	}
		1089
		1090	if (
		1091	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1092	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1093	) {
		1094	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
797	}	1095	}
798		1096
799	# may need to restart read watcher	1097	# may need to restart read watcher
800	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1098	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
801	$self->start_read	1099	$self->start_read
…		…
813		1111
814	sub on_read {	1112	sub on_read {
815	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1113	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
816		1114
817	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1115	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
818	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1116	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
819	}	1117	}
820		1118
821	=item $handle->rbuf	1119	=item $handle->rbuf
822		1120
823	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1121	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
824		1122
825	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1123	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
826	you want.	1124	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1125	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1126	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1127	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
827		1128
828	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1129	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
829	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1130	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
830	automatically manage the read buffer.	1131	automatically manage the read buffer.
831		1132
…		…
872	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1173	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
873	->($self, $cb, @_);	1174	->($self, $cb, @_);
874	}	1175	}
875		1176
876	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1177	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
877	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1178	$self->_drain_rbuf;
878	}	1179	}
879		1180
880	sub unshift_read {	1181	sub unshift_read {
881	my $self = shift;	1182	my $self = shift;
882	my $cb = pop;	1183	my $cb = pop;
…		…
888	->($self, $cb, @_);	1189	->($self, $cb, @_);
889	}	1190	}
890		1191
891		1192
892	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1193	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
893	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1194	$self->_drain_rbuf;
894	}	1195	}
895		1196
896	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1197	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
897		1198
898	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1199	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1031	return 1;	1332	return 1;
1032	}	1333	}
1033		1334
1034	# reject	1335	# reject
1035	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1336	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1036	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1337	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1037	}	1338	}
1038		1339
1039	# skip	1340	# skip
1040	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1341	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1041	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1342	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1057	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1358	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1058		1359
1059	sub {	1360	sub {
1060	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1361	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1061	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1362	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1062	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1363	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1063	}	1364	}
1064	return;	1365	return;
1065	}	1366	}
1066		1367
1067	my $len = $1;	1368	my $len = $1;
…		…
1070	my $string = $_[1];	1371	my $string = $_[1];
1071	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1372	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1072	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1373	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1073	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1374	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1074	} else {	1375	} else {
1075	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1376	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1076	}	1377	}
1077	});	1378	});
1078	});	1379	});
1079		1380
1080	1	1381	1
…		…
1086	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1387	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1087	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1388	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1088	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1389	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1089	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1390	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1090		1391
1091	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1392	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1393	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1092		1394
1093	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1395	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1094	format (very efficient).	1396	format (very efficient).
1095		1397
1096	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1398	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1126	}	1428	}
1127	};	1429	};
1128		1430
1129	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1431	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1130		1432
1131	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1433	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1434	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1132		1435
1133	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1436	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1134	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1437	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1135		1438
1136	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1439	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1145	=cut	1448	=cut
1146		1449
1147	register_read_type json => sub {	1450	register_read_type json => sub {
1148	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1451	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1149		1452
1150	require JSON;	1453	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1454	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1455	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
1151		1456
1152	my $data;	1457	my $data;
1153	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1458	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1154		1459
1155	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1156
1157	sub {	1460	sub {
1158	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1461	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1159		1462
1160	if ($ref) {	1463	if ($ref) {
1161	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1464	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1162	$json->incr_text = "";	1465	$json->incr_text = "";
1163	$cb->($self, $ref);	1466	$cb->($self, $ref);
1164		1467
1165	1	1468	1
		1469	} elsif ($@) {
		1470	# error case
		1471	$json->incr_skip;
		1472
		1473	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1474	$json->incr_text = "";
		1475
		1476	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1477
		1478	()
1166	} else {	1479	} else {
1167	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1480	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1481
1168	()	1482	()
1169	}	1483	}
1170	}	1484	}
1171	};	1485	};
1172		1486
…		…
1204	# read remaining chunk	1518	# read remaining chunk
1205	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1519	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1206	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1520	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1207	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1521	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1208	} else {	1522	} else {
1209	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1523	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1210	}	1524	}
1211	});	1525	});
1212	}	1526	}
1213		1527
1214	1	1528	1
…		…
1249	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1563	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1250	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1564	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1251	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1565	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1252	there are any read requests in the queue.	1566	there are any read requests in the queue.
1253		1567
		1568	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1569	half-duplex connections).
		1570
1254	=cut	1571	=cut
1255		1572
1256	sub stop_read {	1573	sub stop_read {
1257	my ($self) = @_;	1574	my ($self) = @_;
1258		1575
1259	delete $self->{_rw};	1576	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1260	}	1577	}
1261		1578
1262	sub start_read {	1579	sub start_read {
1263	my ($self) = @_;	1580	my ($self) = @_;
1264		1581
1265	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1582	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1266	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1583	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1267		1584
1268	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1585	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1269	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1586	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1270	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1587	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1271		1588
1272	if ($len > 0) {	1589	if ($len > 0) {
1273	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1590	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1274		1591
1275	$self->{filter_r}	1592	if ($self->{tls}) {
1276	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1593	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1277	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1594
		1595	&_dotls ($self);
		1596	} else {
		1597	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1598	}
1278		1599
1279	} elsif (defined $len) {	1600	} elsif (defined $len) {
1280	delete $self->{_rw};	1601	delete $self->{_rw};
1281	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1602	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1282	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1603	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1283		1604
1284	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1605	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1285	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1606	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1286	}	1607	}
1287	});	1608	};
1288	}	1609	}
1289	}	1610	}
1290		1611
		1612	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1613	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1614
		1615	sub _tls_error {
		1616	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1617
		1618	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1619	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1620
		1621	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1622
		1623	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1624	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1625
		1626	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1627	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1628	&_freetls;
		1629	} else {
		1630	&_freetls;
		1631	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1632	}
		1633	}
		1634
		1635	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1636	# also decode read data if possible
		1637	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1638	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1639	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1291	sub _dotls {	1640	sub _dotls {
1292	my ($self) = @_;	1641	my ($self) = @_;
1293		1642
1294	my $buf;	1643	my $tmp;
1295		1644
1296	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1645	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1297	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1646	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1298	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1647	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1299	}	1648	}
1300	}
1301		1649
		1650	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1651	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1652	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1653	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1654	}
		1655
		1656	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1657	unless (length $tmp) {
		1658	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1659	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1660	&_freetls;
		1661
		1662	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1663	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1664	return;
		1665	} else {
		1666	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1667	delete $self->{_rw};
		1668	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1669	}
		1670	}
		1671
		1672	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1673	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1674	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1675	}
		1676
		1677	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1678	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1679	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1680	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1681
1302	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1682	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1303	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1683	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1304	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1684	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1305	}	1685	}
1306		1686
1307	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1687	$self->{_on_starttls}
1308	if (length $buf) {	1688	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1309	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1689	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1310	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1311	} else {
1312	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1313	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1314	$self->_shutdown;
1315	return;
1316	}
1317	}
1318
1319	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1320
1321	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1322	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1323	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1324	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1325	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1326	}
1327
1328	# all others are fine for our purposes
1329	}
1330	}	1690	}
1331		1691
1332	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1692	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1333		1693
1334	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1694	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1335	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1695	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1336	C<starttls>.	1696	C<starttls>.
1337		1697
		1698	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1699	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1700	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1701
1338	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1702	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1339	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1703	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1340		1704
1341	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1705	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1342	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1706	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1707	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1708	construct a new context.
1343		1709
1344	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1710	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1345	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1711	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1346	might have already started when this function returns.	1712	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1713	when this function returns.
1347		1714
		1715	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1716	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1717	stopping TLS.
		1718
1348	=cut	1719	=cut
		1720
		1721	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1349		1722
1350	sub starttls {	1723	sub starttls {
1351	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1724	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1352		1725
1353	$self->stoptls;	1726	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1727	if $self->{tls};
1354		1728
1355	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1729	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1356	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1730	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1357	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1731
1358	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1732	return unless $self->{fh};
1359	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1733
1360	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1734	require Net::SSLeay;
		1735
		1736	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1737	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1738
		1739	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1740	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1741
		1742	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1743
		1744	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1745	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1746
		1747	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1748	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1749	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1750	} else {
		1751	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1752	}
		1753	}
1361	}	1754
1362		1755	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1363	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1756	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1364		1757
1365	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1758	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1366	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1759	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1367	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1760	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1368	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1761	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1369	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1762	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1763	#
		1764	# in short: this is a mess.
		1765	#
		1766	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1767	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1768	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1769	# have identity issues in that area.
1370	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1770	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1371	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1771	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1372	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1772	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1773	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1373		1774
1374	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1775	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1375	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1776	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1376		1777
		1778	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1779
1377	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1780	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1378		1781
1379	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1782	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1380	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1783	if $self->{on_starttls};
1381	&_dotls;	1784
1382	};	1785	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1383	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1786	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1384	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1385	&_dotls;
1386	};
1387	}	1787	}
1388		1788
1389	=item $handle->stoptls	1789	=item $handle->stoptls
1390		1790
1391	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1791	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1392	lost.	1792	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1793	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1794	the stream afterwards.
1393		1795
1394	=cut	1796	=cut
1395		1797
1396	sub stoptls {	1798	sub stoptls {
1397	my ($self) = @_;	1799	my ($self) = @_;
1398		1800
1399	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1801	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1802	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1400		1803
1401	delete $self->{_rbio};	1804	&_dotls;
1402	delete $self->{_wbio};	1805
1403	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1806	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1404	delete $self->{filter_r};	1807	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1405	delete $self->{filter_w};	1808	# &_freetls;#d#
		1809	}
		1810	}
		1811
		1812	sub _freetls {
		1813	my ($self) = @_;
		1814
		1815	return unless $self->{tls};
		1816
		1817	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1818	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1819
		1820	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1406	}	1821	}
1407		1822
1408	sub DESTROY {	1823	sub DESTROY {
1409	my $self = shift;	1824	my ($self) = @_;
1410		1825
1411	$self->stoptls;	1826	&_freetls;
1412		1827
1413	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1828	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1414		1829
1415	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1830	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1416	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1831	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1417	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1832	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1418		1833
1419	my @linger;	1834	my @linger;
1420		1835
1421	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1836	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1422	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1837	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1423		1838
1424	if ($len > 0) {	1839	if ($len > 0) {
1425	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1840	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1426	} else {	1841	} else {
1427	@linger = (); # end	1842	@linger = (); # end
1428	}	1843	}
1429	});	1844	};
1430	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1845	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1431	@linger = ();	1846	@linger = ();
1432	});	1847	};
1433	}	1848	}
		1849	}
		1850
		1851	=item $handle->destroy
		1852
		1853	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1854	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1855	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1856	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1857	empty list).
		1858
		1859	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1860	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1861	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1862	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1863	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1864	that case.
		1865
		1866	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1867	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1868	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1869	reference cycles.
		1870
		1871	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1872	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1873
		1874	=cut
		1875
		1876	sub destroy {
		1877	my ($self) = @_;
		1878
		1879	$self->DESTROY;
		1880	%$self = ();
		1881	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1882	}
		1883
		1884	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1885	#nop
1434	}	1886	}
1435		1887
1436	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1888	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1437		1889
1438	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1890	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1439	default for TLS mode.	1891	for TLS mode.
1440		1892
1441	The context is created like this:	1893	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1442
1443	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1444	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1445	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1446
1447	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1448
1449	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1450		1894
1451	=cut	1895	=cut
1452		1896
1453	our $TLS_CTX;	1897	our $TLS_CTX;
1454		1898
1455	sub TLS_CTX() {	1899	sub TLS_CTX() {
1456	$TLS_CTX || do {	1900	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1457	require Net::SSLeay;	1901	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1458		1902
1459	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1903	new AnyEvent::TLS
1460	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1461	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1462
1463	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1464
1465	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1466
1467	$TLS_CTX
1468	}	1904	}
1469	}	1905	}
1470		1906
1471	=back	1907	=back
		1908
		1909
		1910	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1911
		1912	=over 4
		1913
		1914	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1915	still get further invocations!
		1916
		1917	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1918	read or write callbacks.
		1919
		1920	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1921	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1922	->destroy >> method.
		1923
		1924	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1925	reading?
		1926
		1927	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1928	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1929	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1930	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1931
		1932	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1933	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1934	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1935
		1936	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1937	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1938	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1939	C<destroy> method.
		1940
		1941	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1942
		1943	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1944	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1945	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1946	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1947
		1948	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1949	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1950	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1951	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1952	});
		1953
		1954	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1955	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1956	fact, all data has been received.
		1957
		1958	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1959	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1960	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1961	explicit QUIT command.
		1962
		1963	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1964	all data has been written?
		1965
		1966	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1967	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1968	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1969	written to the socket:
		1970
		1971	$handle->push_write (...);
		1972	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1973	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1974	undef $handle;
		1975	});
		1976
		1977	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1978	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1979
		1980	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1981
		1982	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1983	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1984	parameter:
		1985
		1986	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1987	my ($fh) = @_;
		1988
		1989	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1990	fh => $fh,
		1991	tls => "connect",
		1992	on_error => sub { ... };
		1993
		1994	$handle->push_write (...);
		1995	};
		1996
		1997	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1998
		1999	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2000	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2001	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2002
		2003	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2004
		2005	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2006	my ($fh) = @_;
		2007
		2008	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2009	fh => $fh,
		2010	peername => $host,
		2011	tls => "connect",
		2012	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2013	...
		2014
		2015	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2016	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2017	peername verification will be done.
		2018
		2019	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2020	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2021	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2022
		2023	tls_ctx => {
		2024	verify => 1,
		2025	verify_peername => "https",
		2026	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2027	},
		2028
		2029	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2030
		2031	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2032	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2033	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2034	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2035	nice program for that purpose).
		2036
		2037	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2038	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2039	file should then look like this:
		2040
		2041	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2042	...header data
		2043	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2044	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2045
		2046	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2047	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2048	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2049
		2050	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2051	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2052
		2053	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2054	my ($fh) = @_;
		2055
		2056	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2057	fh => $fh,
		2058	tls => "accept",
		2059	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2060	...
		2061
		2062	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2063	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2064
		2065	=back
		2066
1472		2067
1473	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2068	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1474		2069
1475	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2070	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1476		2071

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