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Revision 1.205 by root, Mon Nov 15 17:11:00 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.331;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
		15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
		16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
32	$cv->send;	18	$cv->send;
33	},
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
64	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
65		83
66	=over 4	84	=over 4
67		85
68	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		87
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		89
72	=over 4	90	=over 4
73		91
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		93
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	97	that mode.
81		98
		99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		100
		101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
		104
		105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
		116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
		120	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		121	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		122	established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		134
		135	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry>
		136	will continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed
		137	hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). At the
		138	time it is called the read and write queues, eof status, tls status and
		139	similar properties of the handle will have been reset.
		140
		141	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		142
		143	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		144
		145	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		146	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		147	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		148
		149	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		150	fatal error instead.
		151
		152	=back
		153
		154	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		155
		156	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
		157	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
		158	connect, or a read error.
		159
		160	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
		161	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		162	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		163	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		164	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		165	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		166	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		167
		168	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		169	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		170	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		171	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		172
		173	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		174	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		175	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		176	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		177
		178	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
		179	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		180	C<EPROTO>).
		181
		182	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
		183	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
		184	C<croak>.
		185
		186	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
		187
		188	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
		189	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		190	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		191	read buffer).
		192
		193	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
		194	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		195	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		196	the beginning from it.
		197
		198	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		199	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		200
		201	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
		202	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
		203	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
		204	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		205
		206	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		207	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		208	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		209	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		210
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	211	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
83		212
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	213	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	214	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86	connection cleanly.	215	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		216	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		217	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
87		218
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	219	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF	220	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	221	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91	down.	222	down.
92		223
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an EOF callback,
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	224	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.	225	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		226
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
101
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.
105
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
119
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.
123
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).
130
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.
133
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
138
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	227	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		228
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	229	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	230	(or immediately if the buffer is empty already).
143		231
144	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	232	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145		233
146	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	234	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	235	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	237	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	238	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		239
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	240	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		241
		242	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		243
		244	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		245
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	246	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	247	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	248	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	249	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		250	error will be raised).
158		251
		252	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently
		253	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		254	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		255	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		256	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		257
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	258	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	259	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	260	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	261	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
163	restart the timeout.	262	restart the timeout.
164		263
165	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	264	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
166		265
…		…
182	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	281	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
183	isn't finished).	282	isn't finished).
184		283
185	=item autocork => <boolean>	284	=item autocork => <boolean>
186		285
187	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	286	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
188	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register	287	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
189	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can	288	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
190	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this	289	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
191	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see	290	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
192	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).	291	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
193		292
194	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	293	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
195	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	294	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
196	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when	295	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
197	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.	296	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
198		297
199	=item no_delay => <boolean>	298	=item no_delay => <boolean>
…		…
203	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	302	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
204		303
205	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be	304	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
206	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	305	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
207		306
208	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	307	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
209	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	308	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		309
		310	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		311
		312	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		313	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		314	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		315	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		316	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		317	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		318	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		319	to 15 minutes later.
		320
		321	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		322	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		323	is usually a good idea.
		324
		325	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		326
		327	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		328	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		329	implements it slightly differently.
		330
		331	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		332	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		333	putting it into the stream.
		334
		335	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		336	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		337	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		338	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		339	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		340	from most attacks.
210		341
211	=item read_size => <bytes>	342	=item read_size => <bytes>
212		343
213	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	344	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try to
214	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	345	read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume at least
215	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	346	this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when handling many
		347	connections requirements). See also C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		348
		349	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		350
		351	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		352	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		353	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		354	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
216		355
217	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	356	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
218		357
219	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	358	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
220	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	359	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
221	considered empty.	360	considered empty.
222		361
223	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to	362	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
224	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as	363	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
225	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default	364	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
226	is good in almost all cases.	365	is good in almost all cases.
227		366
228	=item linger => <seconds>	367	=item linger => <seconds>
229		368
230	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	369	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
231	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding	370	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
232	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the	371	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
233	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating	372	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
234	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).	373	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
235		374
236	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	375	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
237	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might	376	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
238	help.	377	help.
239		378
		379	=item peername => $string
		380
		381	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		382	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		383
		384	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		385	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		386	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		387	C<undef>.
		388
240	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	389	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
241		390
242	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	391	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
243	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	392	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
244	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	393	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		394
		395	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		396	appropriate error message.
245		397
246	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	398	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
247	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	399	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
248	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	400	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
249	to add the dependency yourself.	401	to add the dependency yourself.
…		…
253	mode.	405	mode.
254		406
255	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	407	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
256	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	408	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
257	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	409	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
258	AnyEvent::Handle.	410	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		411	object.
259		412
		413	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		414	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		415	away.
		416
		417	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		418	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		419	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		420	segmentation fault.
		421
260	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	422	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
261		423
262	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	424	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
263		425
264	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	426	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
265	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	427	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
266	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	428	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		429
		430	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		431	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		432	new TLS context object.
		433
		434	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		435
		436	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		437	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		438	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		439
		440	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		441	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		442
		443	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		444	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		445
		446	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		447	called as usual.
		448
		449	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		450	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		451	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		452
		453	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		454
		455	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		456	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		457	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		458	on the handle.
		459
		460	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		461	callback.
		462
		463	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		464	underlying handle signals EOF.
267		465
268	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	466	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
269		467
270	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	468	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
271		469
…		…
280		478
281	=cut	479	=cut
282		480
283	sub new {	481	sub new {
284	my $class = shift;	482	my $class = shift;
285
286	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	483	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
287		484
288	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	485	if ($self->{fh}) {
		486	$self->_start;
		487	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		488
		489	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		490	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		491
		492	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		493	unless exists $self->{peername};
		494
		495	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		496
		497	{
		498	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		499
		500	$self->{_connect} =
		501	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		502	$self->{connect}[0],
		503	$self->{connect}[1],
		504	sub {
		505	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		506
		507	delete $self->{_connect};
		508
		509	if ($fh) {
		510	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		511
		512	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		513	$self->_start;
		514
		515	$self->{on_connect}
		516	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		517	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		518	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		519	&$retry;
		520	});
		521
		522	} else {
		523	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		524	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		525	$self->destroy;
		526	} else {
		527	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		528	}
		529	}
		530	},
		531	sub {
		532	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		533
		534	$self->{on_prepare}
		535	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		536	: ()
		537	}
		538	);
		539	}
		540
		541	} else {
		542	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		543	}
		544
		545	$self
		546	}
		547
		548	sub _start {
		549	my ($self) = @_;
		550
		551	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		552	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		553	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		554	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		555	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
289		556
290	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	557	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
291		558
		559	$self->{_activity} =
		560	$self->{_ractivity} =
		561	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		562
		563	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		564	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		565	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		566
		567	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		568	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		569	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		570
		571	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		572	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		573
		574	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		575
292	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})	576	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
293	if $self->{tls};	577	if $self->{tls};
294		578
295	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
296	$self->_timeout;
297
298	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	579	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
299	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
300		580
301	$self->start_read	581	$self->start_read
302	if $self->{on_read};	582	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
303		583
304	$self	584	$self->_drain_wbuf;
305	}
306
307	sub _shutdown {
308	my ($self) = @_;
309
310	delete $self->{_tw};
311	delete $self->{_rw};
312	delete $self->{_ww};
313	delete $self->{fh};
314
315	&_freetls;
316
317	delete $self->{on_read};
318	delete $self->{_queue};
319	}	585	}
320		586
321	sub _error {	587	sub _error {
322	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	588	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
323
324	$self->_shutdown
325	if $fatal;
326		589
327	$! = $errno;	590	$! = $errno;
		591	$message ||= "$!";
328		592
329	if ($self->{on_error}) {	593	if ($self->{on_error}) {
330	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	594	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
331	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {	595	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		596	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		597	$self->destroy;
332	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	598	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
333	}	599	}
334	}	600	}
335		601
336	=item $fh = $handle->fh	602	=item $fh = $handle->fh
337		603
…		…
361	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	627	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
362	}	628	}
363		629
364	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	630	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
365		631
366	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	632	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
367	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
368	argument and method.
369		633
370	=cut	634	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
371		635
372	sub on_timeout {	636	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
373	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	637	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
374	}	638	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		639
		640	=cut
		641
		642	# see below
375		643
376	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	644	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
377		645
378	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	646	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
379	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.	647	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
…		…
392	=cut	660	=cut
393		661
394	sub no_delay {	662	sub no_delay {
395	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	663	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
396		664
		665	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		666	if $_[0]{fh};
		667	}
		668
		669	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		670
		671	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		672	the same name for details).
		673
		674	=cut
		675
		676	sub keepalive {
		677	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		678
397	eval {	679	eval {
398	local $SIG{__DIE__};	680	local $SIG{__DIE__};
399	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	681	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		682	if $_[0]{fh};
400	};	683	};
401	}	684	}
402		685
		686	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		687
		688	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		689	the same name for details).
		690
		691	=cut
		692
		693	sub oobinline {
		694	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		695
		696	eval {
		697	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		698	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		699	if $_[0]{fh};
		700	};
		701	}
		702
		703	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		704
		705	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		706	the same name for details).
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub keepalive {
		711	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		712
		713	eval {
		714	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		715	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		716	if $_[0]{fh};
		717	};
		718	}
		719
		720	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		721
		722	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		723
		724	=cut
		725
		726	sub on_starttls {
		727	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		728	}
		729
		730	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		731
		732	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		733
		734	=cut
		735
		736	sub on_stoptls {
		737	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		738	}
		739
		740	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		741
		742	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		743
		744	=cut
		745
		746	sub rbuf_max {
		747	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		748	}
		749
403	#############################################################################	750	#############################################################################
404		751
405	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	752	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
406		753
		754	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		755
		756	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		757
407	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	758	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
408		759
409	=cut	760	=item $handle->timeout_reset
410		761
411	sub timeout {	762	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		763
		764	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		765
		766	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		767
		768	These methods are cheap to call.
		769
		770	=cut
		771
		772	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		773	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		774	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		775	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		776	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		777	my $cb;
		778
		779	*$on_timeout = sub {
		780	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		781	};
		782
		783	*$timeout = sub {
412	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	784	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
413		785
		786	$new_value >= 0
		787	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		788
414	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	789	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
415	$self->_timeout;	790	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
416	}	791	};
417		792
		793	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		794	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		795	};
		796
		797	# main workhorse:
418	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	798	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
419	# also check for time-outs	799	# also check for time-outs
420	sub _timeout {	800	$cb = sub {
421	my ($self) = @_;	801	my ($self) = @_;
422		802
423	if ($self->{timeout}) {	803	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
424	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	804	my $NOW = AE::now;
425		805
426	# when would the timeout trigger?	806	# when would the timeout trigger?
427	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	807	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
428		808
429	# now or in the past already?	809	# now or in the past already?
430	if ($after <= 0) {	810	if ($after <= 0) {
431	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	811	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
432		812
433	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	813	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
434	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	814	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
435	} else {	815	} else {
436	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	816	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		817	}
		818
		819	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		820	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		821
		822	# calculate new after
		823	$after = $self->{$timeout};
437	}	824	}
438		825
439	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	826	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
440	return unless $self->{timeout};	827	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
441		828
442	# calculate new after	829	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
443	$after = $self->{timeout};	830	delete $self->{$tw};
		831	$cb->($self);
		832	};
		833	} else {
		834	delete $self->{$tw};
444	}	835	}
445
446	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
447	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
448
449	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
450	delete $self->{_tw};
451	$self->_timeout;
452	});
453	} else {
454	delete $self->{_tw};
455	}	836	}
456	}	837	}
457		838
458	#############################################################################	839	#############################################################################
459		840
…		…
474		855
475	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	856	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
476		857
477	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	858	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
478	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	859	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
		860
		861	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		862	destroyed after it returns).
479		863
480	=cut	864	=cut
481		865
482	sub on_drain {	866	sub on_drain {
483	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	867	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
…		…
492		876
493	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	877	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
494	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	878	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
495	buffers it independently of the kernel.	879	buffers it independently of the kernel.
496		880
		881	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		882	destroyed after it returns).
		883
497	=cut	884	=cut
498		885
499	sub _drain_wbuf {	886	sub _drain_wbuf {
500	my ($self) = @_;	887	my ($self) = @_;
501		888
…		…
504	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	891	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
505		892
506	my $cb = sub {	893	my $cb = sub {
507	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	894	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
508		895
509	if ($len >= 0) {	896	if (defined $len) {
510	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	897	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
511		898
512	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	899	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
513		900
514	$self->{on_drain}($self)	901	$self->{on_drain}($self)
515	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	902	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
516	&& $self->{on_drain};	903	&& $self->{on_drain};
517		904
…		…
523		910
524	# try to write data immediately	911	# try to write data immediately
525	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	912	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
526		913
527	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	914	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
528	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	915	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
529	if length $self->{wbuf};	916	if length $self->{wbuf};
530	};	917	};
531	}	918	}
532		919
533	our %WH;	920	our %WH;
534		921
		922	# deprecated
535	sub register_write_type($$) {	923	sub register_write_type($$) {
536	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	924	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
537	}	925	}
538		926
539	sub push_write {	927	sub push_write {
540	my $self = shift;	928	my $self = shift;
541		929
542	if (@_ > 1) {	930	if (@_ > 1) {
543	my $type = shift;	931	my $type = shift;
544		932
		933	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
545	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	934	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
546	->($self, @_);	935	->($self, @_);
547	}	936	}
548		937
		938	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		939	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		940
549	if ($self->{tls}) {	941	if ($self->{tls}) {
550	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	942	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
551		943	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
552	&_dotls ($self);
553	} else {	944	} else {
554	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	945	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
555	$self->_drain_wbuf;	946	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
556	}	947	}
557	}	948	}
558		949
559	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	950	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
560		951
561	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	952	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
562	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	953	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		954	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		955	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		956	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
563		957
564	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	958	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
565	drop by and tell us):	959	drop by and tell us):
566		960
567	=over 4	961	=over 4
…		…
624	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1018	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
625	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1019	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
626		1020
627	=cut	1021	=cut
628		1022
		1023	sub json_coder() {
		1024	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1025	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1026	}
		1027
629	register_write_type json => sub {	1028	register_write_type json => sub {
630	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1029	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
631		1030
632	require JSON;	1031	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
633		1032
634	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1033	$json->encode ($ref)
635	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
636	};	1034	};
637		1035
638	=item storable => $reference	1036	=item storable => $reference
639		1037
640	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1038	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
650	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1048	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
651	};	1049	};
652		1050
653	=back	1051	=back
654		1052
655	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1053	=item $handle->push_shutdown
656		1054
657	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1055	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1056	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1057	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1058	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1059	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1060
		1061	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1062
		1063	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1064	the peer.
		1065
		1066	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1067	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1068
		1069	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1070	destroyed after it returns).
		1071
		1072	=cut
		1073
		1074	sub push_shutdown {
		1075	my ($self) = @_;
		1076
		1077	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1078	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1079	}
		1080
		1081	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1082
		1083	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1084	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1085	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1086	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1087	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1088
658	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1089	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
659	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1090	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
660		1091
661	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1092	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
662	be appended to the write buffer.	1093	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1094	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
663		1095
664	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1096	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
665	global, so try to use unique names.	1097	arguments using the first one.
		1098
		1099	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1100
		1101	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1102	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1103	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1104
		1105	package My::Type;
		1106
		1107	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1108	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1109
		1110	join $delim, @args
		1111	}
666		1112
667	=cut	1113	=cut
668		1114
669	#############################################################################	1115	#############################################################################
670		1116
…		…
679	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1125	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
680	a queue.	1126	a queue.
681		1127
682	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1128	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
683	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1129	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
684	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1130	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
685	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1131	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
686	partial message has been received so far).	1132	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1133	e.g. C<push_read>.
687		1134
688	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1135	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
689	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1136	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
690	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1137	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
691	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1138	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
692		1139
693	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1140	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
694	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1141	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
695		1142
…		…
752	=cut	1199	=cut
753		1200
754	sub _drain_rbuf {	1201	sub _drain_rbuf {
755	my ($self) = @_;	1202	my ($self) = @_;
756		1203
		1204	# avoid recursion
		1205	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
757	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1206	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
758
759	if (
760	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
761	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
762	) {
763	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
764	}
765		1207
766	while () {	1208	while () {
		1209	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1210	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1211	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1212	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1213
767	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1214	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
768		1215
769	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1216	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
770	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1217	unless ($cb->($self)) {
771	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1218	# no progress can be made
772	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1219	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
773	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1220	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
774	}	1221	if $self->{_eof};
775		1222
776	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1223	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
777	last;	1224	last;
778	}	1225	}
779	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1226	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
786	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1233	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
787	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1234	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
788	) {	1235	) {
789	# no further data will arrive	1236	# no further data will arrive
790	# so no progress can be made	1237	# so no progress can be made
791	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1238	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
792	if $self->{_eof};	1239	if $self->{_eof};
793		1240
794	last; # more data might arrive	1241	last; # more data might arrive
795	}	1242	}
796	} else {	1243	} else {
…		…
799	last;	1246	last;
800	}	1247	}
801	}	1248	}
802		1249
803	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1250	if ($self->{_eof}) {
804	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1251	$self->{on_eof}
805	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1252	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
806	} else {	1253	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
807	$self->_error (0, 1);	1254
808	}	1255	return;
		1256	}
		1257
		1258	if (
		1259	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1260	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1261	) {
		1262	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
809	}	1263	}
810		1264
811	# may need to restart read watcher	1265	# may need to restart read watcher
812	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1266	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
813	$self->start_read	1267	$self->start_read
…		…
819		1273
820	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1274	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
821	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1275	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
822	constructor.	1276	constructor.
823		1277
		1278	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1279	destroyed after it returns).
		1280
824	=cut	1281	=cut
825		1282
826	sub on_read {	1283	sub on_read {
827	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1284	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
828		1285
829	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1286	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
830	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1287	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
831	}	1288	}
832		1289
833	=item $handle->rbuf	1290	=item $handle->rbuf
834		1291
835	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1292	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1293	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1294	much faster, and no less clean).
836		1295
837	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1296	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
838	you want.	1297	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1298	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
839		1299
840	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1300	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
841	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1301	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
842	automatically manage the read buffer.	1302	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1303	will manage the read buffer on their own.
843		1304
844	=cut	1305	=cut
845		1306
846	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1307	sub rbuf : lvalue {
847	$_[0]{rbuf}	1308	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
864		1325
865	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1326	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
866	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1327	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
867	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1328	true, it will be removed from the queue.
868		1329
		1330	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1331	destroyed after it returns).
		1332
869	=cut	1333	=cut
870		1334
871	our %RH;	1335	our %RH;
872		1336
873	sub register_read_type($$) {	1337	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
879	my $cb = pop;	1343	my $cb = pop;
880		1344
881	if (@_) {	1345	if (@_) {
882	my $type = shift;	1346	my $type = shift;
883		1347
		1348	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
884	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1349	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
885	->($self, $cb, @_);	1350	->($self, $cb, @_);
886	}	1351	}
887		1352
888	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1353	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
889	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1354	$self->_drain_rbuf;
890	}	1355	}
891		1356
892	sub unshift_read {	1357	sub unshift_read {
893	my $self = shift;	1358	my $self = shift;
894	my $cb = pop;	1359	my $cb = pop;
895		1360
896	if (@_) {	1361	if (@_) {
897	my $type = shift;	1362	my $type = shift;
898		1363
		1364	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
899	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1365	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
900	->($self, $cb, @_);	1366	->($self, $cb, @_);
901	}	1367	}
902		1368
903
904	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1369	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
905	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1370	$self->_drain_rbuf;
906	}	1371	}
907		1372
908	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1373	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
909		1374
910	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1375	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
911		1376
912	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1377	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
913	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1378	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
914	etc.	1379	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1380	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1381	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
915		1382
916	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1383	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
917	drop by and tell us):	1384	drop by and tell us):
918		1385
919	=over 4	1386	=over 4
…		…
1011	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1478	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1012	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1479	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1013	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1480	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1014	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1481	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1015	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1482	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1016	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1483	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1017		1484
1018	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1485	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1019	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1486	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1020	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1487	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1021	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1488	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1022	required for the accept regex.	1489	required for the accept regex.
1023		1490
1024	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1491	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1043	return 1;	1510	return 1;
1044	}	1511	}
1045		1512
1046	# reject	1513	# reject
1047	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1514	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1048	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1515	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1049	}	1516	}
1050		1517
1051	# skip	1518	# skip
1052	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1519	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1053	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1520	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1069	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1536	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1070		1537
1071	sub {	1538	sub {
1072	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1539	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1073	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1540	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1074	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1541	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1075	}	1542	}
1076	return;	1543	return;
1077	}	1544	}
1078		1545
1079	my $len = $1;	1546	my $len = $1;
…		…
1082	my $string = $_[1];	1549	my $string = $_[1];
1083	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1550	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1084	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1551	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1085	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1552	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1086	} else {	1553	} else {
1087	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1554	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1088	}	1555	}
1089	});	1556	});
1090	});	1557	});
1091		1558
1092	1	1559	1
…		…
1139	}	1606	}
1140	};	1607	};
1141		1608
1142	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1609	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1143		1610
1144	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1611	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1612	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1145		1613
1146	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1614	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1147	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1615	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1148		1616
1149	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1617	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1158	=cut	1626	=cut
1159		1627
1160	register_read_type json => sub {	1628	register_read_type json => sub {
1161	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1629	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1162		1630
1163	require JSON;	1631	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1164		1632
1165	my $data;	1633	my $data;
1166	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1634	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1167		1635
1168	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1169
1170	sub {	1636	sub {
1171	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1637	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1172		1638
1173	if ($ref) {	1639	if ($ref) {
1174	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1640	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1175	$json->incr_text = "";	1641	$json->incr_text = "";
1176	$cb->($self, $ref);	1642	$cb->($self, $ref);
1177		1643
1178	1	1644	1
		1645	} elsif ($@) {
		1646	# error case
		1647	$json->incr_skip;
		1648
		1649	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1650	$json->incr_text = "";
		1651
		1652	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1653
		1654	()
1179	} else {	1655	} else {
1180	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1656	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1657
1181	()	1658	()
1182	}	1659	}
1183	}	1660	}
1184	};	1661	};
1185		1662
…		…
1217	# read remaining chunk	1694	# read remaining chunk
1218	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1695	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1219	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1696	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1220	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1697	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1221	} else {	1698	} else {
1222	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1699	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1223	}	1700	}
1224	});	1701	});
1225	}	1702	}
1226		1703
1227	1	1704	1
1228	}	1705	}
1229	};	1706	};
1230		1707
1231	=back	1708	=back
1232		1709
1233	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1710	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1234		1711
1235	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1712	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1713	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1714	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1715	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1716	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1236		1717
1237	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1718	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1238	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1719	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1239	arguments.
1240		1720
1241	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1721	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1242	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1722	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1723	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1724	converter.
1243		1725
1244	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1726	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1245	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1727	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1728	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1246		1729
1247	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1248	global, so try to use unique names.
1249
1250	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1730	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1251	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1731	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1252		1732
1253	=item $handle->stop_read	1733	=item $handle->stop_read
1254		1734
1255	=item $handle->start_read	1735	=item $handle->start_read
1256		1736
…		…
1276	}	1756	}
1277		1757
1278	sub start_read {	1758	sub start_read {
1279	my ($self) = @_;	1759	my ($self) = @_;
1280		1760
1281	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1761	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1282	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1762	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1283		1763
1284	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1764	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1285	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	1765	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1286	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1766	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
1287		1767
1288	if ($len > 0) {	1768	if ($len > 0) {
1289	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1769	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1290		1770
1291	if ($self->{tls}) {	1771	if ($self->{tls}) {
1292	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	1772	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1293		1773
1294	&_dotls ($self);	1774	&_dotls ($self);
1295	} else {	1775	} else {
1296	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1776	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1777	}
		1778
		1779	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		1780	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		1781	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		1782	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
1297	}	1783	}
1298		1784
1299	} elsif (defined $len) {	1785	} elsif (defined $len) {
1300	delete $self->{_rw};	1786	delete $self->{_rw};
1301	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1787	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1302	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1788	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1303		1789
1304	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1790	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1305	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1791	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1306	}	1792	}
1307	});	1793	};
		1794	}
		1795	}
		1796
		1797	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1798	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1799
		1800	sub _tls_error {
		1801	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1802
		1803	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1804	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1805
		1806	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1807
		1808	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1809	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1810
		1811	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1812	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1813	&_freetls;
		1814	} else {
		1815	&_freetls;
		1816	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
1308	}	1817	}
1309	}	1818	}
1310		1819
1311	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable	1820	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1821	# also decode read data if possible
		1822	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1823	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1824	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1312	sub _dotls {	1825	sub _dotls {
1313	my ($self) = @_;	1826	my ($self) = @_;
1314		1827
1315	my $tmp;	1828	my $tmp;
1316		1829
1317	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1830	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1318	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1831	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1319	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";	1832	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1320	}	1833	}
		1834
		1835	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1836	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1837	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1838	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1321	}	1839	}
1322		1840
1323	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1841	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1324	unless (length $tmp) {	1842	unless (length $tmp) {
1325	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF	1843	$self->{_on_starttls}
1326	delete $self->{_rw};	1844	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
1327	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1328	&_freetls;	1845	&_freetls;
		1846
		1847	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1848	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1849	return;
		1850	} else {
		1851	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1852	delete $self->{_rw};
		1853	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1854	}
1329	}	1855	}
1330		1856
1331	$self->{rbuf} .= $tmp;	1857	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1332	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1858	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1333	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	1859	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1334	}	1860	}
1335		1861
1336	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	1862	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1337
1338	if ($tmp != Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1339	if ($tmp == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1340	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1863	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1341	} elsif ($tmp == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {	1864	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1342	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);	1865	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1343	}
1344
1345	# all other errors are fine for our purposes
1346	}
1347		1866
1348	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1867	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1349	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;	1868	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1350	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1869	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1870	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1351	}	1871	}
		1872
		1873	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1874	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
		1875	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1352	}	1876	}
1353		1877
1354	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1878	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1355		1879
1356	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1880	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1357	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1881	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1358	C<starttls>.	1882	C<starttls>.
1359		1883
		1884	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1885	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1886	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1887
1360	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1888	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1361	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1889	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1362		1890
1363	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1891	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1364	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1892	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1893	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1894	construct a new context.
1365		1895
1366	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1896	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1367	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1897	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1368	might have already started when this function returns.	1898	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1899	when this function returns.
1369		1900
1370	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	1901	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1371	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	1902	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1903	stream after stopping TLS.
1372		1904
		1905	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1906	destroyed after it returns).
		1907
1373	=cut	1908	=cut
		1909
		1910	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1374		1911
1375	sub starttls {	1912	sub starttls {
1376	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1913	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
		1914
		1915	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1916	if $self->{tls};
		1917
		1918	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1919	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1920
		1921	return unless $self->{fh};
1377		1922
1378	require Net::SSLeay;	1923	require Net::SSLeay;
1379		1924
1380	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"	1925	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1381	if $self->{tls};	1926	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1927
		1928	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1929	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1930
		1931	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1932
		1933	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1934	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1935
		1936	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1937	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1938	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1939	} else {
		1940	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1941	}
		1942	}
1382		1943
1383	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1944	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1384	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1945	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1385	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
1386	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
1387	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1388	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
1389	}
1390
1391	$self->{tls} = $ssl;
1392		1946
1393	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1947	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1394	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1948	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1395	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1949	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1396	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1950	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1400	#	1954	#
1401	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1955	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1402	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1956	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1403	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	1957	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1404	# have identity issues in that area.	1958	# have identity issues in that area.
1405	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1959	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1406	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1960	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1407	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1961	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1962	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1408		1963
1409	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1964	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1410	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1965	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1411		1966
		1967	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1968
1412	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1969	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
		1970
		1971	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
		1972	if $self->{on_starttls};
1413		1973
1414	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	1974	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1415	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read	1975	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1416	}	1976	}
1417		1977
1418	=item $handle->stoptls	1978	=item $handle->stoptls
1419		1979
1420	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	1980	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1421	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	1981	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1422	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	1982	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
1423	afterwards.	1983	the stream afterwards.
		1984
		1985	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1986	destroyed after it returns).
1424		1987
1425	=cut	1988	=cut
1426		1989
1427	sub stoptls {	1990	sub stoptls {
1428	my ($self) = @_;	1991	my ($self) = @_;
1429		1992
1430	if ($self->{tls}) {	1993	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
1431	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});	1994	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1432		1995
1433	&_dotls;	1996	&_dotls;
1434		1997
1435	# we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...	1998	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1436	# we, we... have to use openssl :/	1999	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1437	&_freetls;	2000	# &_freetls;#d#
1438	}	2001	}
1439	}	2002	}
1440		2003
1441	sub _freetls {	2004	sub _freetls {
1442	my ($self) = @_;	2005	my ($self) = @_;
1443		2006
1444	return unless $self->{tls};	2007	return unless $self->{tls};
1445		2008
1446	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls});	2009	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2010	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1447		2011
1448	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf)};	2012	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1449	}	2013	}
1450		2014
1451	sub DESTROY {	2015	sub DESTROY {
1452	my $self = shift;	2016	my ($self) = @_;
1453		2017
1454	&_freetls;	2018	&_freetls;
1455		2019
1456	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	2020	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1457		2021
1458	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	2022	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1459	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	2023	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1460	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	2024	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1461		2025
1462	my @linger;	2026	my @linger;
1463		2027
1464	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2028	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1465	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2029	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1466		2030
1467	if ($len > 0) {	2031	if ($len > 0) {
1468	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2032	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1469	} else {	2033	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
1470	@linger = (); # end	2034	@linger = (); # end
1471	}	2035	}
1472	});	2036	};
1473	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2037	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1474	@linger = ();	2038	@linger = ();
1475	});	2039	};
1476	}	2040	}
1477	}	2041	}
1478		2042
1479	=item $handle->destroy	2043	=item $handle->destroy
1480		2044
1481	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that	2045	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
1482	no further callbacks will be invoked and resources will be freed as much	2046	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
1483	as possible. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.	2047	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2048	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2049	empty list).
1484		2050
1485	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle	2051	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
1486	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF	2052	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
1487	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write	2053	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
1488	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from	2054	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
1489	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in	2055	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
1490	that case.	2056	that case.
1491		2057
		2058	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2059	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2060	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2061	reference cycles.
		2062
1492	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining	2063	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
1493	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.	2064	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
1494		2065
1495	=cut	2066	=cut
1496		2067
1497	sub destroy {	2068	sub destroy {
1498	my ($self) = @_;	2069	my ($self) = @_;
1499		2070
1500	$self->DESTROY;	2071	$self->DESTROY;
1501	%$self = ();	2072	%$self = ();
		2073	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
1502	}	2074	}
		2075
		2076	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2077	#nop
		2078	}
		2079
		2080	=item $handle->destroyed
		2081
		2082	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2083	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2084
		2085	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2086	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2087	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2088	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2089
		2090	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2091	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2092	$hdl->push_write (...
		2093
		2094	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2095	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2096	handle being destroyed.
		2097
		2098	=cut
		2099
		2100	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2101	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1503		2102
1504	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2103	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1505		2104
1506	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2105	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1507	default for TLS mode.	2106	for TLS mode.
1508		2107
1509	The context is created like this:	2108	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1510
1511	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1512	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1513	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1514
1515	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1516
1517	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1518		2109
1519	=cut	2110	=cut
1520		2111
1521	our $TLS_CTX;	2112	our $TLS_CTX;
1522		2113
1523	sub TLS_CTX() {	2114	sub TLS_CTX() {
1524	$TLS_CTX || do {	2115	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1525	require Net::SSLeay;	2116	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1526		2117
1527	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2118	new AnyEvent::TLS
1528	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1529	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1530
1531	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1532
1533	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1534
1535	$TLS_CTX
1536	}	2119	}
1537	}	2120	}
1538		2121
1539	=back	2122	=back
1540		2123
…		…
1555		2138
1556	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause	2139	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
1557	reading?	2140	reading?
1558		2141
1559	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent	2142	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
1560	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The	2143	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
1561	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot	2144	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
1562	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.	2145	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
1563		2146
1564	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>	2147	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
1565	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason	2148	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
1566	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.	2149	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
1567		2150
1568	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a	2151	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
1569	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the	2152	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
…		…
1579		2162
1580	$handle->on_read (sub { });	2163	$handle->on_read (sub { });
1581	$handle->on_eof (undef);	2164	$handle->on_eof (undef);
1582	$handle->on_error (sub {	2165	$handle->on_error (sub {
1583	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};	2166	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
1584	undef $handle;
1585	});	2167	});
1586		2168
1587	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies	2169	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
1588	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in	2170	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
1589	fact, all data has been received.	2171	fact all data has been received.
1590		2172
1591	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,	2173	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
1592	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data	2174	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
1593	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an	2175	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
1594	explicit QUIT command.	2176	explicit QUIT command.
…		…
1605	$handle->on_drain (sub {	2187	$handle->on_drain (sub {
1606	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";	2188	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
1607	undef $handle;	2189	undef $handle;
1608	});	2190	});
1609		2191
		2192	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2193	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2194
		2195	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2196
		2197	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2198	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2199	parameter:
		2200
		2201	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2202	my ($fh) = @_;
		2203
		2204	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2205	fh => $fh,
		2206	tls => "connect",
		2207	on_error => sub { ... };
		2208
		2209	$handle->push_write (...);
		2210	};
		2211
		2212	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2213
		2214	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2215	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2216	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2217
		2218	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2219
		2220	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2221	my ($fh) = @_;
		2222
		2223	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2224	fh => $fh,
		2225	peername => $host,
		2226	tls => "connect",
		2227	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2228	...
		2229
		2230	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2231	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2232	peername verification will be done.
		2233
		2234	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2235	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2236	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2237
		2238	tls_ctx => {
		2239	verify => 1,
		2240	verify_peername => "https",
		2241	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2242	},
		2243
		2244	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2245
		2246	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2247	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2248	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2249	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2250	nice program for that purpose).
		2251
		2252	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2253	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2254	file should then look like this:
		2255
		2256	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2257	...header data
		2258	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2259	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2260
		2261	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2262	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2263	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2264
		2265	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2266	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2267
		2268	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2269	my ($fh) = @_;
		2270
		2271	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2272	fh => $fh,
		2273	tls => "accept",
		2274	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2275	...
		2276
		2277	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2278	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2279
1610	=back	2280	=back
1611		2281
1612		2282
1613	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2283	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1614		2284
…		…
1633		2303
1634	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2304	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1635	are free to use in subclasses.	2305	are free to use in subclasses.
1636		2306
1637	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2307	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1638	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2308	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1639		2309
1640	=back	2310	=back
1641		2311
1642	=head1 AUTHOR	2312	=head1 AUTHOR
1643		2313

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