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Revision 1.93 by root, Wed Oct 1 14:49:23 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.182 by root, Thu Sep 3 12:35:01 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.3;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
64	=head2 SIGPIPE is not handled by this module	51	=cut
65		52
66	SIGPIPE is not handled by this module, so one of the practical	53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
67	requirements of using it is to ignore SIGPIPE (C<$SIG{PIPE} =	54
68	'IGNORE'>). At least, this is highly recommend in a networked program: If	55	use Scalar::Util ();
69	you use AnyEvent::Handle in a filter program (like sort), exiting on	56	use List::Util ();
70	SIGPIPE is probably the right thing to do.	57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
71		64
72	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
73		66
74	=over 4	67	=over 4
75		68
76	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
77		70
78	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
79		72
80	=over 4	73	=over 4
81		74
82	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
83		76
84	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
85
86	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
87	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
88	that mode.	80	that mode.
89		81
		82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		83
		84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
		87
		88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
90	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
91		100
92	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
93	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
94	connection cleanly.	103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
95		106
96	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
97	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
98	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	109	timeout is to be used).
99	down.
100		110
101	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
102	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
103	waiting for data.
104		112
105	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
106	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
107		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
108	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
109		138
110	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
111	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
112	connect or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
113		142
114	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
115	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
116	(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal	145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
117	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
118	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
119		155
120	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
121	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
122	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
123	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
124		160
125	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
126	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
127		164
128	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
129	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
130	C<croak>.	167	C<croak>.
131		168
…		…
135	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
136	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
137	read buffer).	174	read buffer).
138		175
139	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
140	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
141		180
142	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
143	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
144	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
145	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
146		206
147	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
148		208
149	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
150	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
157	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
158	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
159		219
160	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
161		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
162	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
163	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
164	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
165	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
166		237
167	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
168	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
169	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
170	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply	241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
…		…
214	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.	285	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
215		286
216	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely	287	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
217	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	288	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
218		289
		290	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		291
		292	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		293	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		294	conenctions, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		295	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		296	TCP connections whent he other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		297	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		298	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		299	to 15 minutes later.
		300
		301	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		302	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		303	is usually a good idea.
		304
		305	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		306
		307	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		308	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		309	implements it slightly differently.
		310
		311	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag gives you
		312	the most portable way of getting urgent data, by putting it into the
		313	stream.
		314
219	=item read_size => <bytes>	315	=item read_size => <bytes>
220		316
221	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will	317	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
222	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory	318	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
223	requirements). Default: C<8192>.	319	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
…		…
243		339
244	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded	340	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
245	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might	341	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
246	help.	342	help.
247		343
		344	=item peername => $string
		345
		346	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		347	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		348
		349	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		350	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		351	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		352	C<undef>.
		353
248	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	354	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
249		355
250	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	356	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
251	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been	357	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
252	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.	358	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		359
		360	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		361	appropriate error message.
253		362
254	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	363	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
255	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't	364	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
256	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have	365	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
257	to add the dependency yourself.	366	to add the dependency yourself.
…		…
261	mode.	370	mode.
262		371
263	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	372	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
264	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	373	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
265	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	374	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
266	AnyEvent::Handle.	375	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		376	object.
		377
		378	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		379	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		380	away.
		381
		382	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		383	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		384	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		385	segmentation fault.
267		386
268	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	387	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
269		388
270	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	389	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
271		390
272	Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection	391	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
273	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	392	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
274	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	393	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
		394
		395	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		396	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		397	new TLS context object.
		398
		399	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		400
		401	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		402	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		403	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		404
		405	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		406	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		407
		408	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		409	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		410
		411	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		412	called, as normal.
		413
		414	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		415	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		416	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		417
		418	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		419
		420	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		421	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		422	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		423	on the handle.
		424
		425	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		426	callback.
		427
		428	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		429	underlying handle signals EOF.
275		430
276	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	431	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
277		432
278	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	433	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
279		434
…		…
288		443
289	=cut	444	=cut
290		445
291	sub new {	446	sub new {
292	my $class = shift;	447	my $class = shift;
293
294	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	448	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
295		449
296	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	450	if ($self->{fh}) {
		451	$self->_start;
		452	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		453
		454	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		455	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		456
		457	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		458	unless exists $self->{peername};
		459
		460	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		461
		462	{
		463	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		464
		465	$self->{_connect} =
		466	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		467	$self->{connect}[0],
		468	$self->{connect}[1],
		469	sub {
		470	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		471
		472	if ($fh) {
		473	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		474
		475	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		476	$self->_start;
		477
		478	$self->{on_connect}
		479	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		480	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		481	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		482	&$retry;
		483	});
		484
		485	} else {
		486	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		487	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		488	$self->destroy;
		489	} else {
		490	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		491	}
		492	}
		493	},
		494	sub {
		495	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		496
		497	$self->{on_prepare}
		498	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		499	: ()
		500	}
		501	);
		502	}
		503
		504	} else {
		505	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		506	}
		507
		508	$self
		509	}
		510
		511	sub _start {
		512	my ($self) = @_;
297		513
298	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	514	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
299		515
300	if ($self->{tls}) {	516	$self->{_activity} =
301	require Net::SSLeay;	517	$self->{_ractivity} =
302	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
303	}
304
305	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	518	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
306	$self->_timeout;
307		519
308	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	520	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		521	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		522	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		523
309	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	524	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		525	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive};
		526	$self->oobinline (delete $self->{oobinline}) if exists $self->{oobinline};
		527
		528	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		529	if $self->{tls};
		530
		531	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
310		532
311	$self->start_read	533	$self->start_read
312	if $self->{on_read};	534	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
313		535
314	$self	536	$self->_drain_wbuf;
315	}
316
317	sub _shutdown {
318	my ($self) = @_;
319
320	delete $self->{_tw};
321	delete $self->{_rw};
322	delete $self->{_ww};
323	delete $self->{fh};
324
325	&_freetls;
326
327	delete $self->{on_read};
328	delete $self->{_queue};
329	}	537	}
330		538
331	sub _error {	539	sub _error {
332	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	540	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
333
334	$self->_shutdown
335	if $fatal;
336		541
337	$! = $errno;	542	$! = $errno;
		543	$message ||= "$!";
338		544
339	if ($self->{on_error}) {	545	if ($self->{on_error}) {
340	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	546	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
341	} else {	547	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		548	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		549	$self->destroy;
342	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	550	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
343	}	551	}
344	}	552	}
345		553
346	=item $fh = $handle->fh	554	=item $fh = $handle->fh
347		555
…		…
371	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	579	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
372	}	580	}
373		581
374	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	582	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
375		583
376	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but	584	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
377	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
378	argument and method.
379		585
380	=cut	586	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
381		587
382	sub on_timeout {	588	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
383	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	589	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
384	}	590	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		591
		592	=cut
		593
		594	# see below
385		595
386	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	596	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
387		597
388	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	598	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
389	constructor argument).	599	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
390		600
391	=cut	601	=cut
		602
		603	sub autocork {
		604	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		605	}
392		606
393	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	607	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
394		608
395	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	609	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
396	the same name for details).	610	the same name for details).
…		…
400	sub no_delay {	614	sub no_delay {
401	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	615	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
402		616
403	eval {	617	eval {
404	local $SIG{__DIE__};	618	local $SIG{__DIE__};
405	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	619	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		620	if $_[0]{fh};
406	};	621	};
407	}	622	}
408		623
		624	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		625
		626	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		627	the same name for details).
		628
		629	=cut
		630
		631	sub keepalive {
		632	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		633
		634	eval {
		635	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		636	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		637	if $_[0]{fh};
		638	};
		639	}
		640
		641	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		642
		643	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		644	the same name for details).
		645
		646	=cut
		647
		648	sub oobinline {
		649	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		650
		651	eval {
		652	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		653	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		654	if $_[0]{fh};
		655	};
		656	}
		657
		658	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		659
		660	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		661	the same name for details).
		662
		663	=cut
		664
		665	sub keepalive {
		666	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		667
		668	eval {
		669	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		670	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		671	if $_[0]{fh};
		672	};
		673	}
		674
		675	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		676
		677	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		678
		679	=cut
		680
		681	sub on_starttls {
		682	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		683	}
		684
		685	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		686
		687	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		688
		689	=cut
		690
		691	sub on_starttls {
		692	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		693	}
		694
		695	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		696
		697	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		698
		699	=cut
		700
		701	sub rbuf_max {
		702	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		703	}
		704
409	#############################################################################	705	#############################################################################
410		706
411	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	707	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
412		708
		709	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		710
		711	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		712
413	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	713	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
414		714
415	=cut	715	=item $handle->timeout_reset
416		716
417	sub timeout {	717	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		718
		719	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		720
		721	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		722
		723	These methods are cheap to call.
		724
		725	=cut
		726
		727	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		728	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		729	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		730	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		731	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		732	my $cb;
		733
		734	*$on_timeout = sub {
		735	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		736	};
		737
		738	*$timeout = sub {
418	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	739	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
419		740
420	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	741	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
421	$self->_timeout;	742	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
422	}	743	};
423		744
		745	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		746	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		747	};
		748
		749	# main workhorse:
424	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	750	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
425	# also check for time-outs	751	# also check for time-outs
426	sub _timeout {	752	$cb = sub {
427	my ($self) = @_;	753	my ($self) = @_;
428		754
429	if ($self->{timeout}) {	755	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
430	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	756	my $NOW = AE::now;
431		757
432	# when would the timeout trigger?	758	# when would the timeout trigger?
433	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	759	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
434		760
435	# now or in the past already?	761	# now or in the past already?
436	if ($after <= 0) {	762	if ($after <= 0) {
437	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	763	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
438		764
439	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	765	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
440	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	766	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
441	} else {	767	} else {
442	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	768	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		769	}
		770
		771	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		772	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		773
		774	# calculate new after
		775	$after = $self->{$timeout};
443	}	776	}
444		777
445	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	778	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
446	return unless $self->{timeout};	779	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
447		780
448	# calculate new after	781	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
449	$after = $self->{timeout};	782	delete $self->{$tw};
		783	$cb->($self);
		784	};
		785	} else {
		786	delete $self->{$tw};
450	}	787	}
451
452	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
453	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
454
455	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
456	delete $self->{_tw};
457	$self->_timeout;
458	});
459	} else {
460	delete $self->{_tw};
461	}	788	}
462	}	789	}
463		790
464	#############################################################################	791	#############################################################################
465		792
…		…
510	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	837	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
511		838
512	my $cb = sub {	839	my $cb = sub {
513	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	840	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
514		841
515	if ($len >= 0) {	842	if (defined $len) {
516	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	843	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
517		844
518	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	845	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
519		846
520	$self->{on_drain}($self)	847	$self->{on_drain}($self)
521	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})	848	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
522	&& $self->{on_drain};	849	&& $self->{on_drain};
523		850
…		…
529		856
530	# try to write data immediately	857	# try to write data immediately
531	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	858	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
532		859
533	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	860	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
534	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	861	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
535	if length $self->{wbuf};	862	if length $self->{wbuf};
536	};	863	};
537	}	864	}
538		865
539	our %WH;	866	our %WH;
…		…
552	->($self, @_);	879	->($self, @_);
553	}	880	}
554		881
555	if ($self->{tls}) {	882	if ($self->{tls}) {
556	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];	883	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
557	&_dotls ($self);	884	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
558	} else {	885	} else {
559	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	886	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
560	$self->_drain_wbuf;	887	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
561	}	888	}
562	}	889	}
563		890
564	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	891	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
565		892
…		…
579	=cut	906	=cut
580		907
581	register_write_type netstring => sub {	908	register_write_type netstring => sub {
582	my ($self, $string) = @_;	909	my ($self, $string) = @_;
583		910
584	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	911	(length $string) . ":$string,"
585	};	912	};
586		913
587	=item packstring => $format, $data	914	=item packstring => $format, $data
588		915
589	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	916	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
629	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	956	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
630	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	957	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
631		958
632	=cut	959	=cut
633		960
		961	sub json_coder() {
		962	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		963	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		964	}
		965
634	register_write_type json => sub {	966	register_write_type json => sub {
635	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	967	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
636		968
637	require JSON;	969	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
638		970
639	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	971	$json->encode ($ref)
640	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
641	};	972	};
642		973
643	=item storable => $reference	974	=item storable => $reference
644		975
645	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	976	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
654		985
655	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	986	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
656	};	987	};
657		988
658	=back	989	=back
		990
		991	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		992
		993	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		994	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		995	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		996	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		997	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		998
		999	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1000
		1001	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1002	the peer.
		1003
		1004	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1005	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1006
		1007	=cut
		1008
		1009	sub push_shutdown {
		1010	my ($self) = @_;
		1011
		1012	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1013	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1014	}
659		1015
660	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1016	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
661		1017
662	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1018	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
663	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1019	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
757	=cut	1113	=cut
758		1114
759	sub _drain_rbuf {	1115	sub _drain_rbuf {
760	my ($self) = @_;	1116	my ($self) = @_;
761		1117
		1118	# avoid recursion
		1119	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
762	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1120	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
763
764	if (
765	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
766	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
767	) {
768	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
769	}
770		1121
771	while () {	1122	while () {
		1123	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1124	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1125	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1126	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1127
772	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1128	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
773		1129
774	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1130	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
775	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1131	unless ($cb->($self)) {
776	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1132	# no progress can be made
777	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1133	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
778	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1134	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
779	}	1135	if $self->{_eof};
780		1136
781	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1137	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
782	last;	1138	last;
783	}	1139	}
784	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1140	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
791	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1147	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
792	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1148	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
793	) {	1149	) {
794	# no further data will arrive	1150	# no further data will arrive
795	# so no progress can be made	1151	# so no progress can be made
796	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1152	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
797	if $self->{_eof};	1153	if $self->{_eof};
798		1154
799	last; # more data might arrive	1155	last; # more data might arrive
800	}	1156	}
801	} else {	1157	} else {
…		…
804	last;	1160	last;
805	}	1161	}
806	}	1162	}
807		1163
808	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1164	if ($self->{_eof}) {
809	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1165	$self->{on_eof}
810	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1166	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
811	} else {	1167	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
812	$self->_error (0, 1);	1168
813	}	1169	return;
		1170	}
		1171
		1172	if (
		1173	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1174	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1175	) {
		1176	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
814	}	1177	}
815		1178
816	# may need to restart read watcher	1179	# may need to restart read watcher
817	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1180	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
818	$self->start_read	1181	$self->start_read
…		…
830		1193
831	sub on_read {	1194	sub on_read {
832	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1195	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
833		1196
834	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1197	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
835	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1198	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
836	}	1199	}
837		1200
838	=item $handle->rbuf	1201	=item $handle->rbuf
839		1202
840	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1203	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
841		1204
842	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1205	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
843	you want.	1206	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1207	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1208	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1209	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
844		1210
845	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1211	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
846	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1212	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
847	automatically manage the read buffer.	1213	automatically manage the read buffer.
848		1214
…		…
889	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1255	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
890	->($self, $cb, @_);	1256	->($self, $cb, @_);
891	}	1257	}
892		1258
893	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1259	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
894	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1260	$self->_drain_rbuf;
895	}	1261	}
896		1262
897	sub unshift_read {	1263	sub unshift_read {
898	my $self = shift;	1264	my $self = shift;
899	my $cb = pop;	1265	my $cb = pop;
…		…
903		1269
904	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1270	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
905	->($self, $cb, @_);	1271	->($self, $cb, @_);
906	}	1272	}
907		1273
908
909	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1274	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
910	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1275	$self->_drain_rbuf;
911	}	1276	}
912		1277
913	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1278	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
914		1279
915	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1280	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1048	return 1;	1413	return 1;
1049	}	1414	}
1050		1415
1051	# reject	1416	# reject
1052	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1417	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1053	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1418	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1054	}	1419	}
1055		1420
1056	# skip	1421	# skip
1057	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1422	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1058	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1423	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1074	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1439	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1075		1440
1076	sub {	1441	sub {
1077	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1442	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1078	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1443	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1079	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1444	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1080	}	1445	}
1081	return;	1446	return;
1082	}	1447	}
1083		1448
1084	my $len = $1;	1449	my $len = $1;
…		…
1087	my $string = $_[1];	1452	my $string = $_[1];
1088	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1453	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1089	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1454	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1090	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1455	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1091	} else {	1456	} else {
1092	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1457	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1093	}	1458	}
1094	});	1459	});
1095	});	1460	});
1096		1461
1097	1	1462	1
…		…
1103	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1468	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1104	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1469	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1105	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1470	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1106	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1471	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1107		1472
1108	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1473	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1474	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1109		1475
1110	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1476	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1111	format (very efficient).	1477	format (very efficient).
1112		1478
1113	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1479	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1143	}	1509	}
1144	};	1510	};
1145		1511
1146	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1512	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1147		1513
1148	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1514	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1515	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1149		1516
1150	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1517	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1151	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1518	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1152		1519
1153	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1520	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1162	=cut	1529	=cut
1163		1530
1164	register_read_type json => sub {	1531	register_read_type json => sub {
1165	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1532	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1166		1533
1167	require JSON;	1534	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1168		1535
1169	my $data;	1536	my $data;
1170	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1537	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1171		1538
1172	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1173
1174	sub {	1539	sub {
1175	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1540	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1176		1541
1177	if ($ref) {	1542	if ($ref) {
1178	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1543	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1179	$json->incr_text = "";	1544	$json->incr_text = "";
1180	$cb->($self, $ref);	1545	$cb->($self, $ref);
1181		1546
1182	1	1547	1
		1548	} elsif ($@) {
		1549	# error case
		1550	$json->incr_skip;
		1551
		1552	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1553	$json->incr_text = "";
		1554
		1555	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1556
		1557	()
1183	} else {	1558	} else {
1184	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1559	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1560
1185	()	1561	()
1186	}	1562	}
1187	}	1563	}
1188	};	1564	};
1189		1565
…		…
1221	# read remaining chunk	1597	# read remaining chunk
1222	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1598	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1223	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1599	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1224	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1600	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1225	} else {	1601	} else {
1226	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1602	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1227	}	1603	}
1228	});	1604	});
1229	}	1605	}
1230		1606
1231	1	1607	1
…		…
1283	my ($self) = @_;	1659	my ($self) = @_;
1284		1660
1285	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1661	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1286	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1662	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1287		1663
1288	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1664	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1289	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});	1665	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1290	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1666	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1291		1667
1292	if ($len > 0) {	1668	if ($len > 0) {
1293	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1669	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1294		1670
1295	if ($self->{tls}) {	1671	if ($self->{tls}) {
1296	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);	1672	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1673
1297	&_dotls ($self);	1674	&_dotls ($self);
1298	} else {	1675	} else {
1299	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1676	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1300	}	1677	}
1301		1678
1302	} elsif (defined $len) {	1679	} elsif (defined $len) {
1303	delete $self->{_rw};	1680	delete $self->{_rw};
1304	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1681	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1305	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1682	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1306		1683
1307	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1684	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1308	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1685	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1309	}	1686	}
1310	});	1687	};
1311	}	1688	}
1312	}	1689	}
1313		1690
		1691	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1692	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1693
		1694	sub _tls_error {
		1695	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1696
		1697	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1698	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1699
		1700	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1701
		1702	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1703	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1704
		1705	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1706	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1707	&_freetls;
		1708	} else {
		1709	&_freetls;
		1710	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1711	}
		1712	}
		1713
		1714	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1715	# also decode read data if possible
		1716	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1717	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1718	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1314	sub _dotls {	1719	sub _dotls {
1315	my ($self) = @_;	1720	my ($self) = @_;
1316		1721
1317	my $buf;	1722	my $tmp;
1318		1723
1319	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1724	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1320	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1725	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1321	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1726	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1322	}	1727	}
1323	}
1324		1728
		1729	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1730	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1731	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1732	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1733	}
		1734
1325	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1735	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1326	unless (length $buf) {	1736	unless (length $tmp) {
1327	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF	1737	$self->{_on_starttls}
1328	delete $self->{_rw};	1738	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
1329	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1330	&_freetls;	1739	&_freetls;
		1740
		1741	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1742	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1743	return;
		1744	} else {
		1745	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1746	delete $self->{_rw};
		1747	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1748	}
1331	}	1749	}
1332		1750
1333	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1751	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
1334	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1752	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1335	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback	1753	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1336	}	1754	}
1337		1755
1338	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);	1756	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1339
1340	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1341	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1342	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1757	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
1343	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {	1758	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
1344	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);	1759	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
1345	}
1346		1760
1347	# all others are fine for our purposes
1348	}
1349
1350	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1761	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1351	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1762	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1352	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1763	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1353	}	1764	}
		1765
		1766	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1767	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
		1768	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1354	}	1769	}
1355		1770
1356	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1771	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1357		1772
1358	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1773	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1359	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1774	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1360	C<starttls>.	1775	C<starttls>.
1361		1776
		1777	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1778	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1779	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1780
1362	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1781	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1363	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1782	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1364		1783
1365	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1784	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1366	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1785	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1786	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1787	construct a new context.
1367		1788
1368	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1789	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1369	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1790	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1370	might have already started when this function returns.	1791	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1792	when this function returns.
1371		1793
1372	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per	1794	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
1373	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).	1795	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1796	stopping TLS.
1374		1797
1375	=cut	1798	=cut
		1799
		1800	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1376		1801
1377	sub starttls {	1802	sub starttls {
1378	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1803	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1379		1804
1380	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an Anyevent::Handle object"	1805	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
1381	if $self->{tls};	1806	if $self->{tls};
		1807
		1808	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		1809	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		1810
		1811	return unless $self->{fh};
		1812
		1813	require Net::SSLeay;
		1814
		1815	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1816	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1817
		1818	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1819	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1820
		1821	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1822
		1823	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1824	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1825
		1826	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1827	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1828	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1829	} else {
		1830	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1831	}
		1832	}
1382		1833
1383	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1834	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1384	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1835	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1385	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
1386	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
1387	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1388	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);
1389	}
1390
1391	$self->{tls} = $ssl;
1392		1836
1393	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1837	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1394	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1838	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1395	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1839	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1396	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1840	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
…		…
1400	#	1844	#
1401	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.	1845	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1402	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,	1846	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1403	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to	1847	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
1404	# have identity issues in that area.	1848	# have identity issues in that area.
1405	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1849	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1406	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1850	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1407	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1851	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1852	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1408		1853
1409	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1854	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1410	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1855	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1411		1856
		1857	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1858
1412	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1859	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
		1860
		1861	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
		1862	if $self->{on_starttls};
1413		1863
1414	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake	1864	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1415	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read	1865	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1416	}	1866	}
1417		1867
1418	=item $handle->stoptls	1868	=item $handle->stoptls
1419		1869
1420	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by	1870	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1421	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't	1871	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1422	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream	1872	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
1423	afterwards.	1873	the stream afterwards.
1424		1874
1425	=cut	1875	=cut
1426		1876
1427	sub stoptls {	1877	sub stoptls {
1428	my ($self) = @_;	1878	my ($self) = @_;
1429		1879
1430	if ($self->{tls}) {	1880	if ($self->{tls}) {
1431	Net::SSLeay::shutdown $self->{tls};	1881	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1432		1882
1433	&_dotls;	1883	&_dotls;
1434		1884
1435	# we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...	1885	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1436	# we, we... have to use openssl :/	1886	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1437	&_freetls;	1887	# &_freetls;#d#
1438	}	1888	}
1439	}	1889	}
1440		1890
1441	sub _freetls {	1891	sub _freetls {
1442	my ($self) = @_;	1892	my ($self) = @_;
1443		1893
1444	return unless $self->{tls};	1894	return unless $self->{tls};
1445		1895
1446	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls});	1896	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1897	if $self->{tls} > 0;
1447		1898
1448	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf)};	1899	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1449	}	1900	}
1450		1901
1451	sub DESTROY {	1902	sub DESTROY {
1452	my $self = shift;	1903	my ($self) = @_;
1453		1904
1454	&_freetls;	1905	&_freetls;
1455		1906
1456	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1907	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1457		1908
1458	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1909	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1459	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1910	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1460	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1911	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1461		1912
1462	my @linger;	1913	my @linger;
1463		1914
1464	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1915	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1465	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1916	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1466		1917
1467	if ($len > 0) {	1918	if ($len > 0) {
1468	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1919	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1469	} else {	1920	} else {
1470	@linger = (); # end	1921	@linger = (); # end
1471	}	1922	}
1472	});	1923	};
1473	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1924	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1474	@linger = ();	1925	@linger = ();
1475	});	1926	};
1476	}	1927	}
		1928	}
		1929
		1930	=item $handle->destroy
		1931
		1932	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1933	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1934	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1935	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1936	empty list).
		1937
		1938	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1939	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1940	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1941	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1942	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1943	that case.
		1944
		1945	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1946	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1947	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1948	reference cycles.
		1949
		1950	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1951	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1952
		1953	=cut
		1954
		1955	sub destroy {
		1956	my ($self) = @_;
		1957
		1958	$self->DESTROY;
		1959	%$self = ();
		1960	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1961	}
		1962
		1963	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1964	#nop
1477	}	1965	}
1478		1966
1479	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1967	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1480		1968
1481	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1969	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1482	default for TLS mode.	1970	for TLS mode.
1483		1971
1484	The context is created like this:	1972	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1485
1486	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1487	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1488	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1489
1490	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1491
1492	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1493		1973
1494	=cut	1974	=cut
1495		1975
1496	our $TLS_CTX;	1976	our $TLS_CTX;
1497		1977
1498	sub TLS_CTX() {	1978	sub TLS_CTX() {
1499	$TLS_CTX || do {	1979	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1500	require Net::SSLeay;	1980	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1501		1981
1502	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1982	new AnyEvent::TLS
1503	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1504	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1505
1506	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1507
1508	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1509
1510	$TLS_CTX
1511	}	1983	}
1512	}	1984	}
1513		1985
1514	=back	1986	=back
		1987
		1988
		1989	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1990
		1991	=over 4
		1992
		1993	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1994	still get further invocations!
		1995
		1996	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1997	read or write callbacks.
		1998
		1999	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2000	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2001	->destroy >> method.
		2002
		2003	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2004	reading?
		2005
		2006	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2007	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		2008	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2009	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2010
		2011	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2012	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2013	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2014
		2015	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2016	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2017	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2018	C<destroy> method.
		2019
		2020	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2021
		2022	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2023	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2024	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2025	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2026
		2027	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2028	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2029	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2030	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2031	});
		2032
		2033	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2034	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2035	fact, all data has been received.
		2036
		2037	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2038	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2039	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2040	explicit QUIT command.
		2041
		2042	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2043	all data has been written?
		2044
		2045	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2046	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2047	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2048	written to the socket:
		2049
		2050	$handle->push_write (...);
		2051	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2052	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2053	undef $handle;
		2054	});
		2055
		2056	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2057	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2058
		2059	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2060
		2061	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2062	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2063	parameter:
		2064
		2065	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2066	my ($fh) = @_;
		2067
		2068	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2069	fh => $fh,
		2070	tls => "connect",
		2071	on_error => sub { ... };
		2072
		2073	$handle->push_write (...);
		2074	};
		2075
		2076	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2077
		2078	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2079	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2080	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2081
		2082	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2083
		2084	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2085	my ($fh) = @_;
		2086
		2087	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2088	fh => $fh,
		2089	peername => $host,
		2090	tls => "connect",
		2091	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2092	...
		2093
		2094	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2095	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2096	peername verification will be done.
		2097
		2098	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2099	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2100	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2101
		2102	tls_ctx => {
		2103	verify => 1,
		2104	verify_peername => "https",
		2105	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2106	},
		2107
		2108	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2109
		2110	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2111	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2112	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2113	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2114	nice program for that purpose).
		2115
		2116	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2117	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2118	file should then look like this:
		2119
		2120	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2121	...header data
		2122	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2123	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2124
		2125	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2126	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2127	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2128
		2129	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2130	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2131
		2132	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2133	my ($fh) = @_;
		2134
		2135	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2136	fh => $fh,
		2137	tls => "accept",
		2138	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2139	...
		2140
		2141	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2142	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2143
		2144	=back
		2145
1515		2146
1516	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2147	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1517		2148
1518	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2149	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1519		2150

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