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Revision 1.185 by root, Thu Sep 3 19:48:27 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
60		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
64	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
65		81
66	=over 4	82	=over 4
67		83
68	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		85
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		87
72	=over 4	88	=over 4
73		89
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		91
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	95	that mode.
81		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		115
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
87		121
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	124	timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		125
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		127
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		129
		130	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		134	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		135	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		136	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		137	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		138
		139	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		140
		141	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		142
		143	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		144	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		145	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		146
		147	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		148	fatal error instead.
		149
		150	=back
		151
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	152	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		153
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	154	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	155	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	156	connect or a read error.
105		157
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	158	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	159	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	160	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	161	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	162	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		163	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		164	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		165
		166	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		167	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		168	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		169	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
111		170
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	171	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	172	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	173	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	174	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		175
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	176	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	177	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		178	C<EPROTO>).
119		179
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	180	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	181	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
122	C<croak>.	182	C<croak>.
123		183
…		…
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	187	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	188	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	189	read buffer).
130		190
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	191	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	192	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		193	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		194	the beginning from it.
133		195
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	196	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	197	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	198	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	199	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		200
		201	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		202	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		203	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		204	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		205
		206	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		207
		208	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		209	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		210	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		211	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		212	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		213
		214	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		215	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		216	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		217	down.
		218
		219	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		220	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
138		221
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	222	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		223
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	224	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	225	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	232	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	233	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		234
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	235	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		236
		237	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		238
		239	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		240
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	241	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	242	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	243	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	244	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		245	error will be raised).
		246
		247	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		248	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		249	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		250	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		251	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
158		252
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	253	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	254	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	255	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	256	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		257	restart the timeout.
163		258
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	259	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		260
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	261	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		262
…		…
171		266
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	267	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		268
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	269	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	270	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	271	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		272
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	273	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	274	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	275	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	276	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	277	isn't finished).
183		278
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	279	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		280
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	281	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	282	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	283	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	284	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	285	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		286	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		287
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	288	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	289	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	290	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		291	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		292
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	293	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		294
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	295	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	296	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	297	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		298
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	299	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	300	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		301
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	302	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	303	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		304
		305	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		306
		307	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		308	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		309	conenctions, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		310	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		311	TCP connections whent he other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		312	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		313	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		314	to 15 minutes later.
		315
		316	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		317	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		318	is usually a good idea.
		319
		320	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		321
		322	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		323	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		324	implements it slightly differently.
		325
		326	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		327	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		328	putting it into the stream.
		329
		330	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		331	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		332	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		333	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		334	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		335	from most attacks.
207		336
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	337	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		338
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	339	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	340	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		341	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		342
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	343	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		344
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	345	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	346	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	347	considered empty.
218		348
		349	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		350	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		351	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		352	is good in almost all cases.
		353
219	=item linger => <seconds>	354	=item linger => <seconds>
220		355
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	356	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	357	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	358	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	359	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	360	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		361
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	362	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	363	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		364	help.
		365
		366	=item peername => $string
		367
		368	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		369	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		370
		371	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		372	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		373	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		374	C<undef>.
229		375
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	376	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		377
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	378	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	379	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
234	data.	380	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		381
		382	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		383	appropriate error message.
235		384
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	385	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	386	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		387	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		388	to add the dependency yourself.
238		389
239	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	390	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	391	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241	mode.	392	mode.
242		393
243	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	394	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
244	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	395	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
245	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	396	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
246	AnyEvent::Handle.	397	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		398	object.
247		399
		400	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		401	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		402	away.
		403
		404	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		405	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		406	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		407	segmentation fault.
		408
248	See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	409	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
249		410
250	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	411	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
251		412
252	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	413	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
253	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	414	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
254	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	415	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
255		416
		417	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		418	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		419	new TLS context object.
		420
		421	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		422
		423	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		424	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		425	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		426
		427	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		428	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		429
		430	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		431	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		432
		433	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		434	called, as normal.
		435
		436	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		437	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		438	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		439
		440	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		441
		442	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		443	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		444	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		445	on the handle.
		446
		447	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		448	callback.
		449
		450	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		451	underlying handle signals EOF.
		452
256	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	453	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
257		454
258	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	455	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
259		456
260	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	457	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
261	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	458	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		459	texts.
262		460
263	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	461	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
264	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	462	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
265		463
266	=item filter_r => $cb
267
268	=item filter_w => $cb
269
270	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
271
272	=back	464	=back
273		465
274	=cut	466	=cut
275		467
276	sub new {	468	sub new {
277	my $class = shift;	469	my $class = shift;
278
279	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	470	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
280		471
281	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	472	if ($self->{fh}) {
		473	$self->_start;
		474	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		475
		476	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		477	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		478
		479	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		480	unless exists $self->{peername};
		481
		482	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		483
		484	{
		485	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		486
		487	$self->{_connect} =
		488	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		489	$self->{connect}[0],
		490	$self->{connect}[1],
		491	sub {
		492	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		493
		494	if ($fh) {
		495	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		496
		497	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		498	$self->_start;
		499
		500	$self->{on_connect}
		501	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		502	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		503	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		504	&$retry;
		505	});
		506
		507	} else {
		508	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		509	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		510	$self->destroy;
		511	} else {
		512	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		513	}
		514	}
		515	},
		516	sub {
		517	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		518
		519	$self->{on_prepare}
		520	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		521	: ()
		522	}
		523	);
		524	}
		525
		526	} else {
		527	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		528	}
		529
		530	$self
		531	}
		532
		533	sub _start {
		534	my ($self) = @_;
282		535
283	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	536	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
284		537
285	if ($self->{tls}) {	538	$self->{_activity} =
286	require Net::SSLeay;	539	$self->{_ractivity} =
		540	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		541
		542	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		543	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		544	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		545
		546	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		547	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		548
		549	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		550
287	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	551	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
288	}	552	if $self->{tls};
289		553
290	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
291	$self->_timeout;
292
293	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	554	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
294	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
295		555
296	$self->start_read	556	$self->start_read
297	if $self->{on_read};	557	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
298		558
299	$self	559	$self->_drain_wbuf;
300	}
301
302	sub _shutdown {
303	my ($self) = @_;
304
305	delete $self->{_tw};
306	delete $self->{_rw};
307	delete $self->{_ww};
308	delete $self->{fh};
309
310	$self->stoptls;
311
312	delete $self->{on_read};
313	delete $self->{_queue};
314	}	560	}
315		561
316	sub _error {	562	sub _error {
317	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	563	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
318
319	$self->_shutdown
320	if $fatal;
321		564
322	$! = $errno;	565	$! = $errno;
		566	$message ||= "$!";
323		567
324	if ($self->{on_error}) {	568	if ($self->{on_error}) {
325	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	569	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
326	} else {	570	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		571	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		572	$self->destroy;
327	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	573	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
328	}	574	}
329	}	575	}
330		576
331	=item $fh = $handle->fh	577	=item $fh = $handle->fh
332		578
333	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	579	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
334		580
335	=cut	581	=cut
336		582
337	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	583	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
338		584
…		…
356	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	602	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
357	}	603	}
358		604
359	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	605	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
360		606
361	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	607	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
362	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
363	argument.
364		608
365	=cut	609	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
366		610
367	sub on_timeout {	611	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
368	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	612	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
369	}	613	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		614
		615	=cut
		616
		617	# see below
370		618
371	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	619	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
372		620
373	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	621	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
374	constructor argument).	622	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
375		623
376	=cut	624	=cut
		625
		626	sub autocork {
		627	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		628	}
377		629
378	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	630	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
379		631
380	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	632	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
381	the same name for details).	633	the same name for details).
…		…
385	sub no_delay {	637	sub no_delay {
386	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	638	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
387		639
388	eval {	640	eval {
389	local $SIG{__DIE__};	641	local $SIG{__DIE__};
390	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	642	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		643	if $_[0]{fh};
391	};	644	};
392	}	645	}
393		646
		647	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		648
		649	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		650	the same name for details).
		651
		652	=cut
		653
		654	sub keepalive {
		655	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		656
		657	eval {
		658	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		659	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		660	if $_[0]{fh};
		661	};
		662	}
		663
		664	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		665
		666	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		667	the same name for details).
		668
		669	=cut
		670
		671	sub oobinline {
		672	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		673
		674	eval {
		675	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		676	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		677	if $_[0]{fh};
		678	};
		679	}
		680
		681	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		682
		683	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		684	the same name for details).
		685
		686	=cut
		687
		688	sub keepalive {
		689	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		690
		691	eval {
		692	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		693	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		694	if $_[0]{fh};
		695	};
		696	}
		697
		698	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		699
		700	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		701
		702	=cut
		703
		704	sub on_starttls {
		705	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		706	}
		707
		708	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		709
		710	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		711
		712	=cut
		713
		714	sub on_starttls {
		715	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		716	}
		717
		718	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		719
		720	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		721
		722	=cut
		723
		724	sub rbuf_max {
		725	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		726	}
		727
394	#############################################################################	728	#############################################################################
395		729
396	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	730	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
397		731
		732	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		733
		734	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		735
398	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	736	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
399		737
400	=cut	738	=item $handle->timeout_reset
401		739
402	sub timeout {	740	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		741
		742	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		743
		744	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		745
		746	These methods are cheap to call.
		747
		748	=cut
		749
		750	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		751	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		752	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		753	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		754	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		755	my $cb;
		756
		757	*$on_timeout = sub {
		758	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		759	};
		760
		761	*$timeout = sub {
403	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	762	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
404		763
405	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	764	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
406	$self->_timeout;	765	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
407	}	766	};
408		767
		768	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		769	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		770	};
		771
		772	# main workhorse:
409	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	773	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
410	# also check for time-outs	774	# also check for time-outs
411	sub _timeout {	775	$cb = sub {
412	my ($self) = @_;	776	my ($self) = @_;
413		777
414	if ($self->{timeout}) {	778	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
415	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	779	my $NOW = AE::now;
416		780
417	# when would the timeout trigger?	781	# when would the timeout trigger?
418	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	782	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
419		783
420	# now or in the past already?	784	# now or in the past already?
421	if ($after <= 0) {	785	if ($after <= 0) {
422	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	786	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
423		787
424	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	788	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
425	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	789	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
426	} else {	790	} else {
427	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	791	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		792	}
		793
		794	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		795	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		796
		797	# calculate new after
		798	$after = $self->{$timeout};
428	}	799	}
429		800
430	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	801	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
431	return unless $self->{timeout};	802	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
432		803
433	# calculate new after	804	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
434	$after = $self->{timeout};	805	delete $self->{$tw};
		806	$cb->($self);
		807	};
		808	} else {
		809	delete $self->{$tw};
435	}	810	}
436
437	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
438	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
439
440	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
441	delete $self->{_tw};
442	$self->_timeout;
443	});
444	} else {
445	delete $self->{_tw};
446	}	811	}
447	}	812	}
448		813
449	#############################################################################	814	#############################################################################
450		815
…		…
474	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	839	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
475		840
476	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	841	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
477		842
478	$cb->($self)	843	$cb->($self)
479	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	844	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
480	}	845	}
481		846
482	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	847	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
483		848
484	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	849	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
495	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	860	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
496		861
497	my $cb = sub {	862	my $cb = sub {
498	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	863	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
499		864
500	if ($len >= 0) {	865	if (defined $len) {
501	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	866	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
502		867
503	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	868	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
504		869
505	$self->{on_drain}($self)	870	$self->{on_drain}($self)
506	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	871	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
507	&& $self->{on_drain};	872	&& $self->{on_drain};
508		873
509	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	874	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
510	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	875	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
511	$self->_error ($!, 1);	876	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
514		879
515	# try to write data immediately	880	# try to write data immediately
516	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	881	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
517		882
518	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	883	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
519	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	884	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
520	if length $self->{wbuf};	885	if length $self->{wbuf};
521	};	886	};
522	}	887	}
523		888
524	our %WH;	889	our %WH;
525		890
		891	# deprecated
526	sub register_write_type($$) {	892	sub register_write_type($$) {
527	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	893	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
528	}	894	}
529		895
530	sub push_write {	896	sub push_write {
531	my $self = shift;	897	my $self = shift;
532		898
533	if (@_ > 1) {	899	if (@_ > 1) {
534	my $type = shift;	900	my $type = shift;
535		901
		902	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
536	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	903	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
537	->($self, @_);	904	->($self, @_);
538	}	905	}
539		906
540	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	907	if ($self->{tls}) {
541	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	908	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		909	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
542	} else {	910	} else {
543	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	911	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
544	$self->_drain_wbuf;	912	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
545	}	913	}
546	}	914	}
547		915
548	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	916	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
549		917
550	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	918	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
551	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	919	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		920	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		921	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		922	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
552		923
553	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	924	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
554	drop by and tell us):	925	drop by and tell us):
555		926
556	=over 4	927	=over 4
…		…
563	=cut	934	=cut
564		935
565	register_write_type netstring => sub {	936	register_write_type netstring => sub {
566	my ($self, $string) = @_;	937	my ($self, $string) = @_;
567		938
568	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	939	(length $string) . ":$string,"
569	};	940	};
570		941
571	=item packstring => $format, $data	942	=item packstring => $format, $data
572		943
573	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	944	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
613	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	984	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
614	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	985	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
615		986
616	=cut	987	=cut
617		988
		989	sub json_coder() {
		990	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		991	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		992	}
		993
618	register_write_type json => sub {	994	register_write_type json => sub {
619	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	995	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
620		996
621	require JSON;	997	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
622		998
623	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	999	$json->encode ($ref)
624	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
625	};	1000	};
626		1001
627	=item storable => $reference	1002	=item storable => $reference
628		1003
629	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1004	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
639	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1014	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
640	};	1015	};
641		1016
642	=back	1017	=back
643		1018
644	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1019	=item $handle->push_shutdown
645		1020
646	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1021	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1022	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1023	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1024	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1025	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1026
		1027	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1028
		1029	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1030	the peer.
		1031
		1032	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1033	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1034
		1035	=cut
		1036
		1037	sub push_shutdown {
		1038	my ($self) = @_;
		1039
		1040	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1041	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1042	}
		1043
		1044	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1045
		1046	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1047	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1048	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1049	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1050	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1051
647	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1052	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
648	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1053	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
649		1054
650	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1055	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
651	be appended to the write buffer.	1056	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1057	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
652		1058
653	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1059	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
654	global, so try to use unique names.	1060	arguments using the first one.
		1061
		1062	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1063
		1064	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1065	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1066	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1067
		1068	package My::Type;
		1069
		1070	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1071	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1072
		1073	join $delim, @args
		1074	}
655		1075
656	=cut	1076	=cut
657		1077
658	#############################################################################	1078	#############################################################################
659		1079
…		…
741	=cut	1161	=cut
742		1162
743	sub _drain_rbuf {	1163	sub _drain_rbuf {
744	my ($self) = @_;	1164	my ($self) = @_;
745		1165
		1166	# avoid recursion
		1167	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
746	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1168	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
747
748	if (
749	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
750	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
751	) {
752	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
753	}
754		1169
755	while () {	1170	while () {
		1171	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1172	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1173	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1174	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1175
756	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1176	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
757		1177
758	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1178	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
759	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1179	unless ($cb->($self)) {
760	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1180	# no progress can be made
761	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1181	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
762	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1182	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
763	}	1183	if $self->{_eof};
764		1184
765	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1185	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
766	last;	1186	last;
767	}	1187	}
768	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1188	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
775	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1195	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
776	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1196	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
777	) {	1197	) {
778	# no further data will arrive	1198	# no further data will arrive
779	# so no progress can be made	1199	# so no progress can be made
780	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1200	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
781	if $self->{_eof};	1201	if $self->{_eof};
782		1202
783	last; # more data might arrive	1203	last; # more data might arrive
784	}	1204	}
785	} else {	1205	} else {
786	# read side becomes idle	1206	# read side becomes idle
787	delete $self->{_rw};	1207	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
788	last;	1208	last;
789	}	1209	}
790	}	1210	}
791		1211
792	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1212	if ($self->{_eof}) {
793	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1213	$self->{on_eof}
794	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1214	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
795	} else {	1215	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
796	$self->_error (0, 1);	1216
797	}	1217	return;
		1218	}
		1219
		1220	if (
		1221	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1222	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1223	) {
		1224	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
798	}	1225	}
799		1226
800	# may need to restart read watcher	1227	# may need to restart read watcher
801	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1228	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
802	$self->start_read	1229	$self->start_read
…		…
814		1241
815	sub on_read {	1242	sub on_read {
816	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1243	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
817		1244
818	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1245	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
819	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1246	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
820	}	1247	}
821		1248
822	=item $handle->rbuf	1249	=item $handle->rbuf
823		1250
824	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1251	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
825		1252
826	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1253	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
827	you want.	1254	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1255	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1256	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1257	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
828		1258
829	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1259	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
830	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1260	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
831	automatically manage the read buffer.	1261	automatically manage the read buffer.
832		1262
…		…
868	my $cb = pop;	1298	my $cb = pop;
869		1299
870	if (@_) {	1300	if (@_) {
871	my $type = shift;	1301	my $type = shift;
872		1302
		1303	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
873	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1304	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
874	->($self, $cb, @_);	1305	->($self, $cb, @_);
875	}	1306	}
876		1307
877	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1308	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
878	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1309	$self->_drain_rbuf;
879	}	1310	}
880		1311
881	sub unshift_read {	1312	sub unshift_read {
882	my $self = shift;	1313	my $self = shift;
883	my $cb = pop;	1314	my $cb = pop;
…		…
887		1318
888	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1319	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
889	->($self, $cb, @_);	1320	->($self, $cb, @_);
890	}	1321	}
891		1322
892
893	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1323	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
894	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1324	$self->_drain_rbuf;
895	}	1325	}
896		1326
897	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1327	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
898		1328
899	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1329	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
900		1330
901	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1331	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
902	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1332	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
903	etc.	1333	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1334	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1335	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
904		1336
905	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1337	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
906	drop by and tell us):	1338	drop by and tell us):
907		1339
908	=over 4	1340	=over 4
…		…
1032	return 1;	1464	return 1;
1033	}	1465	}
1034		1466
1035	# reject	1467	# reject
1036	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1468	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1037	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1469	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1038	}	1470	}
1039		1471
1040	# skip	1472	# skip
1041	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1473	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1042	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1474	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1058	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1490	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1059		1491
1060	sub {	1492	sub {
1061	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1493	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1062	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1494	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1063	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1495	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1064	}	1496	}
1065	return;	1497	return;
1066	}	1498	}
1067		1499
1068	my $len = $1;	1500	my $len = $1;
…		…
1071	my $string = $_[1];	1503	my $string = $_[1];
1072	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1504	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1073	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1505	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1074	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1506	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1075	} else {	1507	} else {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1508	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1509	}
1078	});	1510	});
1079	});	1511	});
1080		1512
1081	1	1513	1
…		…
1087	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1519	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1088	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1520	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1089	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1521	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1090	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1522	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1091		1523
1092	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1524	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1525	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1093		1526
1094	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1527	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1095	format (very efficient).	1528	format (very efficient).
1096		1529
1097	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1530	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1127	}	1560	}
1128	};	1561	};
1129		1562
1130	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1563	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1131		1564
1132	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1565	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1566	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1133		1567
1134	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1568	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1135	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1569	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1136		1570
1137	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1571	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1146	=cut	1580	=cut
1147		1581
1148	register_read_type json => sub {	1582	register_read_type json => sub {
1149	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1583	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1150		1584
1151	require JSON;	1585	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1152		1586
1153	my $data;	1587	my $data;
1154	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1588	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1155		1589
1156	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1157
1158	sub {	1590	sub {
1159	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1591	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1160		1592
1161	if ($ref) {	1593	if ($ref) {
1162	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1594	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1163	$json->incr_text = "";	1595	$json->incr_text = "";
1164	$cb->($self, $ref);	1596	$cb->($self, $ref);
1165		1597
1166	1	1598	1
		1599	} elsif ($@) {
		1600	# error case
		1601	$json->incr_skip;
		1602
		1603	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1604	$json->incr_text = "";
		1605
		1606	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1607
		1608	()
1167	} else {	1609	} else {
1168	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1610	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1611
1169	()	1612	()
1170	}	1613	}
1171	}	1614	}
1172	};	1615	};
1173		1616
…		…
1205	# read remaining chunk	1648	# read remaining chunk
1206	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1649	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1207	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1650	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1208	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1651	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1209	} else {	1652	} else {
1210	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1653	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1211	}	1654	}
1212	});	1655	});
1213	}	1656	}
1214		1657
1215	1	1658	1
1216	}	1659	}
1217	};	1660	};
1218		1661
1219	=back	1662	=back
1220		1663
1221	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1664	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1222		1665
1223	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1666	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1667	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1668	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1669	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1670	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1224		1671
1225	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1672	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1226	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1673	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1227	arguments.
1228		1674
1229	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1675	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1230	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1676	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1677	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1678	converter.
1231		1679
1232	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1680	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1233	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1681	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1682	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1234		1683
1235	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1236	global, so try to use unique names.
1237
1238	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1684	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1239	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1685	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1240		1686
1241	=item $handle->stop_read	1687	=item $handle->stop_read
1242		1688
1243	=item $handle->start_read	1689	=item $handle->start_read
1244		1690
…		…
1250	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1696	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1251	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1697	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1252	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1698	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1253	there are any read requests in the queue.	1699	there are any read requests in the queue.
1254		1700
		1701	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1702	half-duplex connections).
		1703
1255	=cut	1704	=cut
1256		1705
1257	sub stop_read {	1706	sub stop_read {
1258	my ($self) = @_;	1707	my ($self) = @_;
1259		1708
1260	delete $self->{_rw};	1709	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1261	}	1710	}
1262		1711
1263	sub start_read {	1712	sub start_read {
1264	my ($self) = @_;	1713	my ($self) = @_;
1265		1714
1266	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1715	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1267	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1716	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1268		1717
1269	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1718	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1270	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1719	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1271	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1720	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1272		1721
1273	if ($len > 0) {	1722	if ($len > 0) {
1274	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1723	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1275		1724
1276	$self->{filter_r}	1725	if ($self->{tls}) {
1277	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1726	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1278	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1727
		1728	&_dotls ($self);
		1729	} else {
		1730	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1731	}
1279		1732
1280	} elsif (defined $len) {	1733	} elsif (defined $len) {
1281	delete $self->{_rw};	1734	delete $self->{_rw};
1282	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1735	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1283	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1736	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1284		1737
1285	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1738	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1286	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1739	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1287	}	1740	}
1288	});	1741	};
1289	}	1742	}
1290	}	1743	}
1291		1744
		1745	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1746	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1747
		1748	sub _tls_error {
		1749	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1750
		1751	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1752	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1753
		1754	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1755
		1756	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1757	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1758
		1759	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1760	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1761	&_freetls;
		1762	} else {
		1763	&_freetls;
		1764	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1765	}
		1766	}
		1767
		1768	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1769	# also decode read data if possible
		1770	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1771	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1772	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1292	sub _dotls {	1773	sub _dotls {
1293	my ($self) = @_;	1774	my ($self) = @_;
1294		1775
1295	my $buf;	1776	my $tmp;
1296		1777
1297	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1778	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1298	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1779	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1299	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1780	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1300	}	1781	}
1301	}
1302		1782
		1783	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1784	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1785	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1786	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1787	}
		1788
		1789	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1790	unless (length $tmp) {
		1791	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1792	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1793	&_freetls;
		1794
		1795	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1796	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1797	return;
		1798	} else {
		1799	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1800	delete $self->{_rw};
		1801	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1802	}
		1803	}
		1804
		1805	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1806	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1807	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1808	}
		1809
		1810	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1811	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1812	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1813	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1814
1303	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1815	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1304	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1816	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1305	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1817	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1306	}	1818	}
1307		1819
1308	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1820	$self->{_on_starttls}
1309	if (length $buf) {	1821	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1310	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1822	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1311	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1312	} else {
1313	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1314	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1315	$self->_shutdown;
1316	return;
1317	}
1318	}
1319
1320	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1321
1322	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1323	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1324	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1325	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1326	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1327	}
1328
1329	# all others are fine for our purposes
1330	}
1331	}	1823	}
1332		1824
1333	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1825	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1334		1826
1335	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1827	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1336	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1828	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1337	C<starttls>.	1829	C<starttls>.
1338		1830
		1831	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1832	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1833	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1834
1339	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1835	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1340	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1836	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1341		1837
1342	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1838	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1343	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1839	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1840	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1841	construct a new context.
1344		1842
1345	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1843	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1346	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1844	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1347	might have already started when this function returns.	1845	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1846	when this function returns.
1348		1847
		1848	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1849	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1850	stopping TLS.
		1851
1349	=cut	1852	=cut
		1853
		1854	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1350		1855
1351	sub starttls {	1856	sub starttls {
1352	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1857	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1353		1858
1354	$self->stoptls;	1859	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1860	if $self->{tls};
1355		1861
1356	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1862	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1357	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1863	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1358	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1864
1359	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1865	return unless $self->{fh};
1360	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1866
1361	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1867	require Net::SSLeay;
		1868
		1869	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1870	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1871
		1872	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1873	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1874
		1875	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1876
		1877	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1878	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1879
		1880	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1881	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1882	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1883	} else {
		1884	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1885	}
		1886	}
1362	}	1887
1363		1888	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1364	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1889	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1365		1890
1366	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1891	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1367	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1892	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1368	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1893	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1369	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1894	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1370	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1895	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1896	#
		1897	# in short: this is a mess.
		1898	#
		1899	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1900	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1901	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1902	# have identity issues in that area.
1371	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1903	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1372	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1904	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1373	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1905	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1906	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1374		1907
1375	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1908	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1376	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1909	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1377		1910
		1911	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1912
1378	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1913	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1379		1914
1380	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1915	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1381	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1916	if $self->{on_starttls};
1382	&_dotls;	1917
1383	};	1918	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1384	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1919	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1385	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1386	&_dotls;
1387	};
1388	}	1920	}
1389		1921
1390	=item $handle->stoptls	1922	=item $handle->stoptls
1391		1923
1392	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1924	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1393	lost.	1925	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1926	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1927	the stream afterwards.
1394		1928
1395	=cut	1929	=cut
1396		1930
1397	sub stoptls {	1931	sub stoptls {
1398	my ($self) = @_;	1932	my ($self) = @_;
1399		1933
1400	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1934	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1935	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1401		1936
1402	delete $self->{_rbio};	1937	&_dotls;
1403	delete $self->{_wbio};	1938
1404	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1939	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1405	delete $self->{filter_r};	1940	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1406	delete $self->{filter_w};	1941	# &_freetls;#d#
		1942	}
		1943	}
		1944
		1945	sub _freetls {
		1946	my ($self) = @_;
		1947
		1948	return unless $self->{tls};
		1949
		1950	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1951	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1952
		1953	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1407	}	1954	}
1408		1955
1409	sub DESTROY {	1956	sub DESTROY {
1410	my $self = shift;	1957	my ($self) = @_;
1411		1958
1412	$self->stoptls;	1959	&_freetls;
1413		1960
1414	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1961	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1415		1962
1416	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1963	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1417	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1964	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1418	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1965	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1419		1966
1420	my @linger;	1967	my @linger;
1421		1968
1422	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1969	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1423	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1970	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1424		1971
1425	if ($len > 0) {	1972	if ($len > 0) {
1426	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1973	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1427	} else {	1974	} else {
1428	@linger = (); # end	1975	@linger = (); # end
1429	}	1976	}
1430	});	1977	};
1431	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1978	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1432	@linger = ();	1979	@linger = ();
1433	});	1980	};
1434	}	1981	}
		1982	}
		1983
		1984	=item $handle->destroy
		1985
		1986	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1987	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1988	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1989	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1990	empty list).
		1991
		1992	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1993	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1994	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1995	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1996	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1997	that case.
		1998
		1999	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2000	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2001	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2002	reference cycles.
		2003
		2004	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2005	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2006
		2007	=cut
		2008
		2009	sub destroy {
		2010	my ($self) = @_;
		2011
		2012	$self->DESTROY;
		2013	%$self = ();
		2014	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2015	}
		2016
		2017	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2018	#nop
1435	}	2019	}
1436		2020
1437	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2021	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1438		2022
1439	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2023	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1440	default for TLS mode.	2024	for TLS mode.
1441		2025
1442	The context is created like this:	2026	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1443
1444	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1445	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1446	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1447
1448	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1449
1450	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1451		2027
1452	=cut	2028	=cut
1453		2029
1454	our $TLS_CTX;	2030	our $TLS_CTX;
1455		2031
1456	sub TLS_CTX() {	2032	sub TLS_CTX() {
1457	$TLS_CTX || do {	2033	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1458	require Net::SSLeay;	2034	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1459		2035
1460	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2036	new AnyEvent::TLS
1461	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1462	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1463
1464	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1465
1466	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1467
1468	$TLS_CTX
1469	}	2037	}
1470	}	2038	}
1471		2039
1472	=back	2040	=back
		2041
		2042
		2043	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2044
		2045	=over 4
		2046
		2047	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2048	still get further invocations!
		2049
		2050	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2051	read or write callbacks.
		2052
		2053	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2054	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2055	->destroy >> method.
		2056
		2057	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2058	reading?
		2059
		2060	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2061	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		2062	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2063	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2064
		2065	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2066	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2067	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2068
		2069	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2070	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2071	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2072	C<destroy> method.
		2073
		2074	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2075
		2076	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2077	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2078	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2079	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2080
		2081	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2082	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2083	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2084	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2085	});
		2086
		2087	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2088	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2089	fact, all data has been received.
		2090
		2091	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2092	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2093	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2094	explicit QUIT command.
		2095
		2096	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2097	all data has been written?
		2098
		2099	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2100	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2101	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2102	written to the socket:
		2103
		2104	$handle->push_write (...);
		2105	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2106	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2107	undef $handle;
		2108	});
		2109
		2110	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2111	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2112
		2113	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2114
		2115	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2116	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2117	parameter:
		2118
		2119	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2120	my ($fh) = @_;
		2121
		2122	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2123	fh => $fh,
		2124	tls => "connect",
		2125	on_error => sub { ... };
		2126
		2127	$handle->push_write (...);
		2128	};
		2129
		2130	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2131
		2132	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2133	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2134	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2135
		2136	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2137
		2138	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2139	my ($fh) = @_;
		2140
		2141	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2142	fh => $fh,
		2143	peername => $host,
		2144	tls => "connect",
		2145	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2146	...
		2147
		2148	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2149	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2150	peername verification will be done.
		2151
		2152	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2153	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2154	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2155
		2156	tls_ctx => {
		2157	verify => 1,
		2158	verify_peername => "https",
		2159	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2160	},
		2161
		2162	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2163
		2164	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2165	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2166	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2167	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2168	nice program for that purpose).
		2169
		2170	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2171	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2172	file should then look like this:
		2173
		2174	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2175	...header data
		2176	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2177	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2178
		2179	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2180	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2181	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2182
		2183	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2184	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2185
		2186	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2187	my ($fh) = @_;
		2188
		2189	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2190	fh => $fh,
		2191	tls => "accept",
		2192	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2193	...
		2194
		2195	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2196	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2197
		2198	=back
		2199
1473		2200
1474	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2201	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1475		2202
1476	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2203	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1477		2204

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