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Revision 1.242 by root, Wed Dec 10 04:29:33 2014 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/;
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = '0.04';
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	AE::log error => $msg;
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	say "got line <$line>";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
57		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
		80	sub MAX_READ_SIZE() { 131072 }
		81
61	=head1 METHODS	82	=head1 METHODS
62		83
63	=over 4	84	=over 4
64		85
65	=item B<new (%args)>	86	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		87
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	88	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		89
69	=over 4	90	=over 4
70		91
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	92	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		93
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	94	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	95	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	96	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		97	that mode.
77		98
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
79		100
80	Set the callback to be called on EOF.	101	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		102	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		103	default C<peername>.
81		104
82	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	105	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
83	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
84	waiting for data.
85		106
		107	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		108	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		109
		110	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		111	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		112	appropriate circumstances:
		113
		114	=over 4
		115
86	=item on_error => $cb->($handle)	116	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
87		117
		118	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
		119	attempted, but after the file handle has been created (you can access that
		120	file handle via C<< $handle->{fh} >>). It could be used to prepare the
		121	file handle with parameters required for the actual connect (as opposed to
		122	settings that can be changed when the connection is already established).
		123
		124	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
		125	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
		126	default timeout is to be used).
		127
		128	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		129
		130	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		131
		132	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		133	parameters, together with a retry callback. At the time it is called the
		134	read and write queues, EOF status, TLS status and similar properties of
		135	the handle will have been reset.
		136
		137	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry> will
		138	continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed hosts or
		139	SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). The C<$retry>
		140	callback can be invoked after the connect callback returns, i.e. one can
		141	start a handshake and then decide to retry with the next host if the
		142	handshake fails.
		143
		144	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		145
		146	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		147
		148	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		149	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		150	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		151
		152	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		153	fatal error instead.
		154
		155	=back
		156
		157	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
		158
88	This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error	159	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89	occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect	160	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90	or a read error.	161	connect, or a read error.
91		162
92	The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been	163	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93	called.	164	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		165	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		166	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		167	with active (but unsatisfiable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		168	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		169	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
94		170
		171	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		172	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well.
		173
		174	If you report the error to the user, it is recommended to always output
		175	the C<$message> argument in human-readable error messages (you don't need
		176	to report C<"$!"> if you report C<$message>).
		177
		178	If you want to react programmatically to the error, then looking at C<$!>
		179	and comparing it against some of the documented C<Errno> values is usually
		180	better than looking at the C<$message>.
		181
		182	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
		183	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
		184	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		185	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
		186
95	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	187	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
96	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE> or C<EBADMSG>).	188	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
97		189	C<EPROTO>).
98	The callback should throw an exception. If it returns, then
99	AnyEvent::Handle will C<croak> for you.
100		190
101	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	191	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
102	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	192	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
103	die.	193	C<croak>.
104		194
105	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	195	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
106		196
107	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	197	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
108	and no read request is in the queue.	198	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		199	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		200	read buffer).
109		201
110	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	202	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
111	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	203	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		204	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		205	the beginning from it.
112		206
		207	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		208	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		209
113	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	210	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
114	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	211	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
115	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	212	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
116	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	213	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
117		214
		215	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		216	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		217	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		218	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		219
		220	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		221
		222	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		223	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		224	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		225	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		226	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		227
		228	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		229	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		230	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		231	down.
		232
		233	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		234	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		235
118	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	236	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
119		237
120	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	238	This sets the callback that is called once when the write buffer becomes
121	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	239	empty (and immediately when the handle object is created).
122		240
123	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	241	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		242
		243	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		244	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		245	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		246	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		247	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
		248
		249	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
		250
		251	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		252
		253	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		254
		255	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
		256	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
		257	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
		258	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		259	error will be raised).
		260
		261	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently of each
		262	other, for both read and write (triggered when nothing was read I<OR>
		263	written), just read (triggered when nothing was read), and just write:
		264	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		265	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		266	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		267
		268	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have any
		269	outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
		270	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the
		271	timeout in the corresponding C<on_timeout> callback, in which case
		272	AnyEvent::Handle will simply restart the timeout.
		273
		274	Zero (the default) disables the corresponding timeout.
		275
		276	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
		277
		278	=item on_rtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		279
		280	=item on_wtimeout => $cb->($handle)
		281
		282	Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
		283	callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
		284	so this condition is not fatal in any way.
124		285
125	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	286	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
126		287
127	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	288	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
128	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	289	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
129	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	290	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
130		291
131	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	292	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
132	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	293	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
133	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	294	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
134	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	295	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
135	isn't finished).	296	isn't finished).
136		297
		298	=item wbuf_max => <bytes>
		299
		300	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
		301	when the write buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
		302	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
		303
		304	Although the units of this parameter is bytes, this is the I<raw> number
		305	of bytes not yet accepted by the kernel. This can make a difference when
		306	you e.g. use TLS, as TLS typically makes your write data larger (but it
		307	can also make it smaller due to compression).
		308
		309	As an example of when this limit is useful, take a chat server that sends
		310	chat messages to a client. If the client does not read those in a timely
		311	manner then the send buffer in the server would grow unbounded.
		312
		313	=item autocork => <boolean>
		314
		315	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
		316	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
		317	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		318	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		319	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		320	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		321
		322	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		323	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		324	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		325	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		326
		327	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		328
		329	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		330	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		331	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		332
		333	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		334	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		335
		336	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
		337	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		338
		339	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		340
		341	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		342	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		343	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		344	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		345	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		346	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		347	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		348	to 15 minutes later.
		349
		350	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		351	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		352	is usually a good idea.
		353
		354	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		355
		356	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		357	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		358	implements it slightly differently.
		359
		360	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		361	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		362	putting it into the stream.
		363
		364	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		365	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		366	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		367	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		368	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		369	from most attacks.
		370
137	=item read_size => <bytes>	371	=item read_size => <bytes>
138		372
139	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	373	The initial read block size, the number of bytes this module will try
140	on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>.	374	to read during each loop iteration. Each handle object will consume
		375	at least this amount of memory for the read buffer as well, so when
		376	handling many connections watch out for memory requirements). See also
		377	C<max_read_size>. Default: C<2048>.
		378
		379	=item max_read_size => <bytes>
		380
		381	The maximum read buffer size used by the dynamic adjustment
		382	algorithm: Each time AnyEvent::Handle can read C<read_size> bytes in
		383	one go it will double C<read_size> up to the maximum given by this
		384	option. Default: C<131072> or C<read_size>, whichever is higher.
141		385
142	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	386	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
143		387
144	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	388	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
145	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	389	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
146	considered empty.	390	considered empty.
147		391
		392	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		393	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		394	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		395	is good in almost all cases.
		396
		397	=item linger => <seconds>
		398
		399	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
		400	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		401	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		402	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		403	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		404
		405	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		406	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		407	help.
		408
		409	=item peername => $string
		410
		411	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		412	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		413
		414	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		415	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		416	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		417	C<undef>.
		418
148	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	419	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
149		420
150	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	421	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
151	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	422	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
152	data.	423	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		424
		425	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		426	appropriate error message.
153		427
154	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	428	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
155	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	429	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		430	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		431	to add the dependency yourself. If Net::SSLeay cannot be loaded or is too
		432	old, you get an C<EPROTO> error.
156		433
157	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	434	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
158	connection, use C<connect> mode.	435	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		436	mode.
159		437
160	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	438	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
161	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	439	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
162	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	440	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
163	AnyEvent::Handle.	441	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		442	object.
164		443
		444	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		445	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		446	away.
		447
		448	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		449	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		450	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		451	segmentation fault.
		452
165	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	453	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
166		454
167	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	455	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
168		456
169	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	457	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
170	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	458	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this
171	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	459	parameter is missing (or C<undef>), then AnyEvent::Handle will use
		460	C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
172		461
		462	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		463	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		464	new TLS context object.
		465
		466	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		467
		468	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		469	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		470	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		471
		472	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		473	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		474
		475	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		476	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		477
		478	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		479	called as usual.
		480
		481	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		482	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		483	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		484
		485	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		486
		487	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		488	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		489	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		490	on the handle.
		491
		492	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		493	callback.
		494
		495	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		496	underlying handle signals EOF.
		497
173	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	498	=item json => L<JSON>, L<JSON::PP> or L<JSON::XS> object
174		499
175	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	500	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
176		501
177	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	502	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
178	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	503	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded
		504	JSON texts (either using L<JSON::XS> or L<JSON>). The written texts are
		505	guaranteed not to contain any newline character.
179		506
		507	For security reasons, this encoder will likely I<not> handle numbers and
		508	strings, only arrays and objects/hashes. The reason is that originally
		509	JSON was self-delimited, but Dougles Crockford thought it was a splendid
		510	idea to redefine JSON incompatibly, so this is no longer true.
		511
		512	For protocols that used back-to-back JSON texts, this might lead to
		513	run-ins, where two or more JSON texts will be interpreted as one JSON
		514	text.
		515
		516	For this reason, if the default encoder uses L<JSON::XS>, it will default
		517	to not allowing anything but arrays and objects/hashes, at least for the
		518	forseeable future (it will change at some point). This might or might not
		519	be true for the L<JSON> module, so this might cause a security issue.
		520
		521	If you depend on either behaviour, you should create your own json object
		522	and pass it in explicitly.
		523
		524	=item cbor => L<CBOR::XS> object
		525
		526	This is the cbor coder object used by the C<cbor> read and write types.
		527
		528	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
		529	suitable one (on demand), which will write CBOR without using extensions,
		530	if possible.
		531
180	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	532	Note that you are responsible to depend on the L<CBOR::XS> module if you
181	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	533	want to use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency on
182		534	it itself.
183	=item filter_r => $cb
184
185	=item filter_w => $cb
186
187	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
188		535
189	=back	536	=back
190		537
191	=cut	538	=cut
192		539
193	sub new {	540	sub new {
194	my $class = shift;	541	my $class = shift;
195
196	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	542	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
197		543
198	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	544	if ($self->{fh}) {
		545	$self->_start;
		546	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		547
		548	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		549	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		550
		551	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		552	unless exists $self->{peername};
		553
		554	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		555
		556	{
		557	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		558
		559	$self->{_connect} =
		560	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		561	$self->{connect}[0],
		562	$self->{connect}[1],
		563	sub {
		564	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		565
		566	delete $self->{_connect}; # no longer needed
		567
		568	if ($fh) {
		569	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		570
		571	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		572	$self->_start;
		573
		574	$self->{on_connect}
		575	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		576	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		577	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		578	&$retry;
		579	});
		580
		581	} else {
		582	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		583	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		584	$self->destroy if $self;
		585	} else {
		586	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		587	}
		588	}
		589	},
		590	sub {
		591	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		592
		593	$self->{on_prepare}
		594	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		595	: ()
		596	}
		597	);
		598	}
		599
		600	} else {
		601	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		602	}
		603
		604	$self
		605	}
		606
		607	sub _start {
		608	my ($self) = @_;
		609
		610	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		611	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		612	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		613	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		614	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
199		615
200	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	616	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
201		617
202	if ($self->{tls}) {	618	$self->{_activity} =
203	require Net::SSLeay;	619	$self->{_ractivity} =
		620	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		621
		622	$self->{read_size} ||= 2048;
		623	$self->{max_read_size} = $self->{read_size}
		624	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		625
		626	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		627	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		628	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		629
		630	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		631	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		632
		633	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		634
204	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	635	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
205	}	636	if $self->{tls};
206		637
207	$self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof};
208	$self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error};
209	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	638	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
210	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
211		639
212	$self->start_read;	640	$self->start_read
		641	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
213		642
214	$self	643	$self->_drain_wbuf;
215	}	644	}
216		645
217	sub _shutdown {
218	my ($self) = @_;
219
220	delete $self->{_rw};
221	delete $self->{_ww};
222	delete $self->{fh};
223	}
224
225	sub error {	646	sub _error {
226	my ($self) = @_;	647	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
227		648
228	{	649	$! = $errno;
229	local $!;	650	$message ||= "$!";
230	$self->_shutdown;
231	}
232		651
233	$self->{on_error}($self)
234	if $self->{on_error};	652	if ($self->{on_error}) {
235		653	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
		654	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		655	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		656	$self->destroy;
236	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!";	657	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
		658	}
237	}	659	}
238		660
239	=item $fh = $handle->fh	661	=item $fh = $handle->fh
240		662
241	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	663	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
242		664
243	=cut	665	=cut
244		666
245	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	667	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
246		668
…		…
262		684
263	sub on_eof {	685	sub on_eof {
264	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	686	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
265	}	687	}
266		688
		689	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
		690
		691	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
		692
		693	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
		694
		695	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
		696	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
		697	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		698
		699	=cut
		700
		701	# see below
		702
		703	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		704
		705	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		706	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub autocork {
		711	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		712	}
		713
		714	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		715
		716	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		717	the same name for details).
		718
		719	=cut
		720
		721	sub no_delay {
		722	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		723
		724	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		725	if $_[0]{fh};
		726	}
		727
		728	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		729
		730	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		731	the same name for details).
		732
		733	=cut
		734
		735	sub keepalive {
		736	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		737
		738	eval {
		739	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		740	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		741	if $_[0]{fh};
		742	};
		743	}
		744
		745	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		746
		747	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		748	the same name for details).
		749
		750	=cut
		751
		752	sub oobinline {
		753	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		754
		755	eval {
		756	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		757	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		758	if $_[0]{fh};
		759	};
		760	}
		761
		762	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		763
		764	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		765	the same name for details).
		766
		767	=cut
		768
		769	sub keepalive {
		770	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		771
		772	eval {
		773	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		774	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		775	if $_[0]{fh};
		776	};
		777	}
		778
		779	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		780
		781	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		782
		783	=cut
		784
		785	sub on_starttls {
		786	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		787	}
		788
		789	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		790
		791	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		792
		793	=cut
		794
		795	sub on_stoptls {
		796	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		797	}
		798
		799	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		800
		801	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		802
		803	=item $handle->wbuf_max ($max_octets)
		804
		805	Configures the C<wbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		806
		807	=cut
		808
		809	sub rbuf_max {
		810	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		811	}
		812
		813	sub wbuf_max {
		814	$_[0]{wbuf_max} = $_[1];
		815	}
		816
		817	#############################################################################
		818
		819	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
		820
		821	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		822
		823	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		824
		825	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
		826
		827	The timeout will be checked instantly, so this method might destroy the
		828	handle before it returns.
		829
		830	=item $handle->timeout_reset
		831
		832	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		833
		834	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		835
		836	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		837
		838	These methods are cheap to call.
		839
		840	=cut
		841
		842	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		843	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		844	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		845	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		846	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		847	my $cb;
		848
		849	*$on_timeout = sub {
		850	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		851	};
		852
		853	*$timeout = sub {
		854	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
		855
		856	$new_value >= 0
		857	or Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle->$timeout called with negative timeout ($new_value), caught";
		858
		859	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
		860	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
		861	};
		862
		863	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		864	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		865	};
		866
		867	# main workhorse:
		868	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
		869	# also check for time-outs
		870	$cb = sub {
		871	my ($self) = @_;
		872
		873	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
		874	my $NOW = AE::now;
		875
		876	# when would the timeout trigger?
		877	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
		878
		879	# now or in the past already?
		880	if ($after <= 0) {
		881	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
		882
		883	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
		884	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
		885	} else {
		886	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		887	}
		888
		889	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		890	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		891
		892	# calculate new after
		893	$after = $self->{$timeout};
		894	}
		895
		896	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
		897	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
		898
		899	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
		900	delete $self->{$tw};
		901	$cb->($self);
		902	};
		903	} else {
		904	delete $self->{$tw};
		905	}
		906	}
		907	}
		908
267	#############################################################################	909	#############################################################################
268		910
269	=back	911	=back
270		912
271	=head2 WRITE QUEUE	913	=head2 WRITE QUEUE
…		…
275		917
276	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and	918	The write queue is very simple: you can add data to its end, and
277	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.	919	AnyEvent::Handle will automatically try to get rid of it for you.
278		920
279	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low	921	When data could be written and the write buffer is shorter then the low
280	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked.	922	water mark, the C<on_drain> callback will be invoked once.
281		923
282	=over 4	924	=over 4
283		925
284	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	926	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
285		927
286	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	928	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
287	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	929	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
288		930
		931	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		932	destroyed after it returns).
		933
289	=cut	934	=cut
290		935
291	sub on_drain {	936	sub on_drain {
292	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	937	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
293		938
294	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	939	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
295		940
296	$cb->($self)	941	$cb->($self)
297	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	942	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
298	}	943	}
299		944
300	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	945	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
301		946
302	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	947	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as
303	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	948	you want (only limited by the available memory and C<wbuf_max>), as
304	buffers it independently of the kernel.	949	C<AnyEvent::Handle> buffers it independently of the kernel.
		950
		951	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		952	destroyed after it returns).
305		953
306	=cut	954	=cut
307		955
308	sub _drain_wbuf {	956	sub _drain_wbuf {
309	my ($self) = @_;	957	my ($self) = @_;
…		…
313	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	961	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
314		962
315	my $cb = sub {	963	my $cb = sub {
316	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	964	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
317		965
318	if ($len >= 0) {	966	if (defined $len) {
319	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	967	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
320		968
		969	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		970
321	$self->{on_drain}($self)	971	$self->{on_drain}($self)
322	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	972	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
323	&& $self->{on_drain};	973	&& $self->{on_drain};
324		974
325	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	975	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
326	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	976	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
327	$self->error;	977	$self->_error ($!, 1);
328	}	978	}
329	};	979	};
330		980
331	# try to write data immediately	981	# try to write data immediately
332	$cb->();	982	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
333		983
334	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	984	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
335	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	985	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
336	if length $self->{wbuf};	986	if length $self->{wbuf};
		987
		988	if (
		989	defined $self->{wbuf_max}
		990	&& $self->{wbuf_max} < length $self->{wbuf}
		991	) {
		992	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		993	}
337	};	994	};
338	}	995	}
339		996
340	our %WH;	997	our %WH;
341		998
		999	# deprecated
342	sub register_write_type($$) {	1000	sub register_write_type($$) {
343	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	1001	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
344	}	1002	}
345		1003
346	sub push_write {	1004	sub push_write {
347	my $self = shift;	1005	my $self = shift;
348		1006
349	if (@_ > 1) {	1007	if (@_ > 1) {
350	my $type = shift;	1008	my $type = shift;
351		1009
		1010	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
352	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	1011	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
353	->($self, @_);	1012	->($self, @_);
354	}	1013	}
355		1014
		1015	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		1016	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		1017
356	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	1018	if ($self->{tls}) {
357	$self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]);	1019	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		1020	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
358	} else {	1021	} else {
359	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	1022	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
360	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1023	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
361	}	1024	}
362	}	1025	}
363		1026
364	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	1027	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
365		1028
366	=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
367
368	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	1029	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
369	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	1030	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		1031	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		1032	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1033	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
370		1034
371	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1035	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
372	drop by and tell us):	1036	drop by and tell us):
373		1037
374	=over 4	1038	=over 4
…		…
376	=item netstring => $string	1040	=item netstring => $string
377		1041
378	Formats the given value as netstring	1042	Formats the given value as netstring
379	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).	1043	(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
380		1044
381	=back
382
383	=cut	1045	=cut
384		1046
385	register_write_type netstring => sub {	1047	register_write_type netstring => sub {
386	my ($self, $string) = @_;	1048	my ($self, $string) = @_;
387		1049
388	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	1050	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		1051	};
		1052
		1053	=item packstring => $format, $data
		1054
		1055	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1056	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1057	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1058	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1059
		1060	=cut
		1061
		1062	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		1063	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		1064
		1065	pack "$format/a*", $string
389	};	1066	};
390		1067
391	=item json => $array_or_hashref	1068	=item json => $array_or_hashref
392		1069
393	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	1070	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
394	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text	1071	provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
395	in UTF-8.	1072	in UTF-8.
396		1073
		1074	The default encoder might or might not handle every type of JSON value -
		1075	it might be limited to arrays and objects for security reasons. See the
		1076	C<json> constructor attribute for more details.
		1077
397	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so you can write JSON at	1078	JSON objects (and arrays) are self-delimiting, so if you only use arrays
398	one end of a handle and read them at the other end without using any	1079	and hashes, you can write JSON at one end of a handle and read them at the
399	additional framing.	1080	other end without using any additional framing.
400		1081
401	The generated JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any newlines: While	1082	The JSON text generated by the default encoder is guaranteed not to
402	this module doesn't need delimiters after or between JSON texts to be	1083	contain any newlines: While this module doesn't need delimiters after or
403	able to read them, many other languages depend on that.	1084	between JSON texts to be able to read them, many other languages depend on
		1085	them.
404		1086
405	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with others is to send	1087	A simple RPC protocol that interoperates easily with other languages is
406	JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better choice as	1088	to send JSON arrays (or objects, although arrays are usually the better
407	they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline after each	1089	choice as they mimic how function argument passing works) and a newline
408	JSON text:	1090	after each JSON text:
409		1091
410	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever	1092	$handle->push_write (json => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
411	$handle->push_write ("\012");	1093	$handle->push_write ("\012");
412		1094
413	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and	1095	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<json> read type and
…		…
416	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });	1098	$handle->push_read (json => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
417		1099
418	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	1100	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
419	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1101	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
420		1102
		1103	=item cbor => $perl_scalar
		1104
		1105	Encodes the given scalar into a CBOR value. Unless you provide your own
		1106	L<CBOR::XS> object, this means it will be encoded to a CBOR string not
		1107	using any extensions, if possible.
		1108
		1109	CBOR values are self-delimiting, so you can write CBOR at one end of
		1110	a handle and read them at the other end without using any additional
		1111	framing.
		1112
		1113	A simple nd very very fast RPC protocol that interoperates with
		1114	other languages is to send CBOR and receive CBOR values (arrays are
		1115	recommended):
		1116
		1117	$handle->push_write (cbor => ["method", "arg1", "arg2"]); # whatever
		1118
		1119	An AnyEvent::Handle receiver would simply use the C<cbor> read type:
		1120
		1121	$handle->push_read (cbor => sub { my $array = $_[1]; ... });
		1122
421	=cut	1123	=cut
		1124
		1125	sub json_coder() {
		1126	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1127	|| do { require JSON::PP; JSON::PP->new->utf8 }
		1128	}
422		1129
423	register_write_type json => sub {	1130	register_write_type json => sub {
424	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1131	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
425		1132
426	require JSON;	1133	($self->{json} ||= json_coder)
427		1134	->encode ($ref)
428	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
429	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
430	};	1135	};
431		1136
432	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1137	sub cbor_coder() {
		1138	require CBOR::XS;
		1139	CBOR::XS->new
		1140	}
433		1141
434	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1142	register_write_type cbor => sub {
		1143	my ($self, $scalar) = @_;
		1144
		1145	($self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder)
		1146	->encode ($scalar)
		1147	};
		1148
		1149	=item storable => $reference
		1150
		1151	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		1152	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		1153
		1154	=cut
		1155
		1156	register_write_type storable => sub {
		1157	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		1158
		1159	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1160
		1161	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		1162	};
		1163
		1164	=back
		1165
		1166	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		1167
		1168	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1169	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1170	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1171	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1172	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1173
		1174	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 }
		1175
		1176	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1177	the peer.
		1178
		1179	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1180	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1181
		1182	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1183	destroyed after it returns).
		1184
		1185	=cut
		1186
		1187	sub push_shutdown {
		1188	my ($self) = @_;
		1189
		1190	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1191	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1192	}
		1193
		1194	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1195
		1196	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1197	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1198	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1199	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1200	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1201
435	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1202	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
436	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1203	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
437		1204
438	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1205	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
439	be appended to the write buffer.	1206	appended to the write buffer, so you can mentally treat this function as a
		1207	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
440		1208
441	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1209	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
442	global, so try to use unique names.	1210	arguments using the first one.
		1211
		1212	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1213
		1214	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1215	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1216	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1217
		1218	package My::Type;
		1219
		1220	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1221	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1222
		1223	join $delim, @args
		1224	}
443		1225
444	=cut	1226	=cut
445		1227
446	#############################################################################	1228	#############################################################################
447		1229
…		…
456	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1238	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
457	a queue.	1239	a queue.
458		1240
459	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1241	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
460	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1242	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
461	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	1243	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
462	or not.	1244	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		1245	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1246	e.g. C<push_read>.
463		1247
464	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1248	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
465	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1249	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
466	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	1250	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
467	below).	1251	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
468		1252
469	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1253	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
470	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1254	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
471		1255
472	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	1256	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
473	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.	1257	the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
474		1258
475	# in the default state, expect some header bytes	1259	# in the default state, expect some header bytes
476	$handle->on_read (sub {	1260	$handle->on_read (sub {
477	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)	1261	# some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
478	shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub {	1262	shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
479	# header arrived, decode	1263	# header arrived, decode
480	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];	1264	my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
481		1265
482	# now read the payload	1266	# now read the payload
483	shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub {	1267	shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
484	my $xml = $_[1];	1268	my $xml = $_[1];
485	# handle xml	1269	# handle xml
486	});	1270	});
487	});	1271	});
488	});	1272	});
489		1273
490	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	1274	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
491	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	1275	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
492	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	1276	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
493	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	1277	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
494	the callbacks:	1278	in the callbacks.
495		1279
496	# request one	1280	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		1281	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		1282	64-byte chunk callback.
		1283
		1284	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
497	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	1285	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
498		1286
499	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	1287	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
500	$handle->push_read_line (sub {	1288	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
501	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	1289	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
502	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes	1290	# so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
503	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called	1291	# which are already in the queue when this callback is called
504	# we don't do this in case we got an error	1292	# we don't do this in case we got an error
505	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {	1293	if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
506	$_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub {	1294	$_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
507	my $response = $_[1];	1295	my $response = $_[1];
508	...	1296	...
509	});	1297	});
510	}	1298	}
511	});	1299	});
512		1300
513	# request two	1301	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
514	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	1302	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
515		1303
516	# simply read 64 bytes, always	1304	# simply read 64 bytes, always
517	$handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub {	1305	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
518	my $response = $_[1];	1306	my $response = $_[1];
519	...	1307	...
520	});	1308	});
521		1309
522	=over 4	1310	=over 4
523		1311
524	=cut	1312	=cut
525		1313
526	sub _drain_rbuf {	1314	sub _drain_rbuf {
527	my ($self) = @_;	1315	my ($self) = @_;
		1316
		1317	# avoid recursion
		1318	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		1319	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		1320
		1321	while () {
		1322	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1323	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1324	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1325	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1326
		1327	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
		1328
		1329	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
		1330	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1331	# no progress can be made
		1332	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1333	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1334	if $self->{_eof};
		1335
		1336	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
		1337	last;
		1338	}
		1339	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1340	last unless $len;
		1341
		1342	$self->{on_read}($self);
		1343
		1344	if (
		1345	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
		1346	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
		1347	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
		1348	) {
		1349	# no further data will arrive
		1350	# so no progress can be made
		1351	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
		1352	if $self->{_eof};
		1353
		1354	last; # more data might arrive
		1355	}
		1356	} else {
		1357	# read side becomes idle
		1358	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
		1359	last;
		1360	}
		1361	}
		1362
		1363	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1364	$self->{on_eof}
		1365	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
		1366	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1367
		1368	return;
		1369	}
528		1370
529	if (	1371	if (
530	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	1372	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
531	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	1373	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
532	) {	1374	) {
533	$! = &Errno::ENOSPC;	1375	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
534	$self->error;
535	}	1376	}
536		1377
537	return if $self->{in_drain};	1378	# may need to restart read watcher
538	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	1379	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
539		1380	$self->start_read
540	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1381	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
541	no strict 'refs';
542	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
543	unless ($cb->($self)) {
544	if ($self->{_eof}) {
545	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
546	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
547	$self->error;
548	}
549
550	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
551	return;
552	}
553	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
554	$self->{on_read}($self);
555
556	if (
557	$self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
558	&& $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed
559	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
560	&& $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data
561	) {
562	# then no progress can be made
563	$! = &Errno::EPIPE;
564	$self->error;
565	}
566	} else {
567	# read side becomes idle
568	delete $self->{_rw};
569	return;
570	}
571	}
572
573	if ($self->{_eof}) {
574	$self->_shutdown;
575	$self->{on_eof}($self)
576	if $self->{on_eof};
577	}	1382	}
578	}	1383	}
579		1384
580	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)	1385	=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
581		1386
582	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1387	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
583	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1388	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
584	constructor.	1389	constructor.
585		1390
		1391	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1392	destroyed after it returns).
		1393
586	=cut	1394	=cut
587		1395
588	sub on_read {	1396	sub on_read {
589	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1397	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
590		1398
591	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1399	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		1400	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
592	}	1401	}
593		1402
594	=item $handle->rbuf	1403	=item $handle->rbuf
595		1404
596	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1405	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1406	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1407	much faster, and no less clean).
597		1408
598	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1409	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
599	you want.	1410	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1411	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
600		1412
601	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1413	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
602	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1414	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
603	automatically manage the read buffer.	1415	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1416	will manage the read buffer on their own.
604		1417
605	=cut	1418	=cut
606		1419
607	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1420	sub rbuf : lvalue {
608	$_[0]{rbuf}	1421	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
625		1438
626	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1439	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
627	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1440	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
628	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1441	true, it will be removed from the queue.
629		1442
		1443	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1444	destroyed after it returns).
		1445
630	=cut	1446	=cut
631		1447
632	our %RH;	1448	our %RH;
633		1449
634	sub register_read_type($$) {	1450	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
640	my $cb = pop;	1456	my $cb = pop;
641		1457
642	if (@_) {	1458	if (@_) {
643	my $type = shift;	1459	my $type = shift;
644		1460
		1461	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
645	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1462	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
646	->($self, $cb, @_);	1463	->($self, $cb, @_);
647	}	1464	}
648		1465
649	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1466	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
650	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1467	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
655	my $cb = pop;	1472	my $cb = pop;
656		1473
657	if (@_) {	1474	if (@_) {
658	my $type = shift;	1475	my $type = shift;
659		1476
		1477	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
660	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1478	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
661	->($self, $cb, @_);	1479	->($self, $cb, @_);
662	}	1480	}
663
664		1481
665	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1482	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
666	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1483	$self->_drain_rbuf;
667	}	1484	}
668		1485
…		…
670		1487
671	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1488	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
672		1489
673	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1490	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
674	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1491	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
675	etc.	1492	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1493	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1494	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
676		1495
677	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1496	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
678	drop by and tell us):	1497	drop by and tell us):
679		1498
680	=over 4	1499	=over 4
…		…
686	data.	1505	data.
687		1506
688	Example: read 2 bytes.	1507	Example: read 2 bytes.
689		1508
690	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {	1509	$handle->push_read (chunk => 2, sub {
691	warn "yay ", unpack "H*", $_[1];	1510	say "yay " . unpack "H*", $_[1];
692	});	1511	});
693		1512
694	=cut	1513	=cut
695		1514
696	register_read_type chunk => sub {	1515	register_read_type chunk => sub {
…		…
701	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1520	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
702	1	1521	1
703	}	1522	}
704	};	1523	};
705		1524
706	# compatibility with older API
707	sub push_read_chunk {
708	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
709	}
710
711	sub unshift_read_chunk {
712	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
713	}
714
715	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1525	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
716		1526
717	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1527	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
718	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1528	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
719	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1529	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
734	=cut	1544	=cut
735		1545
736	register_read_type line => sub {	1546	register_read_type line => sub {
737	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1547	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
738		1548
739	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1549	if (@_ < 3) {
740	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1550	# this is faster then the generic code below
741	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
742
743	sub {	1551	sub {
744	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1552	(my $pos = index $_[0]{rbuf}, "\012") >= 0
		1553	or return;
745		1554
		1555	(my $str = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $pos + 1, "") =~ s/(\015?\012)\Z// or die;
746	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1556	$cb->($_[0], $str, "$1");
747	1
748	}
749	};
750
751	# compatibility with older API
752	sub push_read_line {
753	my $self = shift;
754	$self->push_read (line => @_);
755	}
756
757	sub unshift_read_line {
758	my $self = shift;
759	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
760	}
761
762	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
763
764	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
765
766	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
767
768	=cut
769
770	register_read_type netstring => sub {
771	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
772
773	sub {
774	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
775	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
776	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
777	$self->error;
778	}	1557	1
779	return;
780	}	1558	}
		1559	} else {
		1560	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1561	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
781		1562
782	my $len = $1;	1563	sub {
		1564	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
783		1565
784	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1566	$cb->($_[0], "$1", "$2");
785	my $string = $_[1];
786	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
787	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
788	$cb->($_[0], $string);
789	} else {
790	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
791	$self->error;
792	}
793	});	1567	1
794	});	1568	}
795
796	1
797	}	1569	}
798	};	1570	};
799		1571
800	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1572	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
801		1573
…		…
821	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1593	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
822	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1594	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
823	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1595	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
824	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1596	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
825	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1597	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
826	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1598	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
827		1599
828	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1600	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
829	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1601	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
830	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1602	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
831	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1603	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
832	required for the accept regex.	1604	required for the accept regex.
833		1605
834	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1606	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
847		1619
848	sub {	1620	sub {
849	# accept	1621	# accept
850	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {	1622	if ($$rbuf =~ $accept) {
851	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1623	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
852	$cb->($self, $data);	1624	$cb->($_[0], $data);
853	return 1;	1625	return 1;
854	}	1626	}
855		1627
856	# reject	1628	# reject
857	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1629	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
858	$! = &Errno::EBADMSG;	1630	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
859	$self->error;
860	}	1631	}
861		1632
862	# skip	1633	# skip
863	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1634	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
864	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1635	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
866		1637
867	()	1638	()
868	}	1639	}
869	};	1640	};
870		1641
		1642	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1643
		1644	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1645
		1646	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1647
		1648	=cut
		1649
		1650	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1651	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1652
		1653	sub {
		1654	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1655	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1656	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1657	}
		1658	return;
		1659	}
		1660
		1661	my $len = $1;
		1662
		1663	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1664	my $string = $_[1];
		1665	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1666	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1667	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1668	} else {
		1669	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1670	}
		1671	});
		1672	});
		1673
		1674	1
		1675	}
		1676	};
		1677
		1678	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1679
		1680	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1681	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1682	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1683	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1684
		1685	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1686	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1687
		1688	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1689	format (very efficient).
		1690
		1691	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1692	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1693	});
		1694
		1695	=cut
		1696
		1697	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1698	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1699
		1700	sub {
		1701	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1702	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1703	or return;
		1704
		1705	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1706
		1707	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1708	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1709	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1710	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1711	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1712	} else {
		1713	# remove prefix
		1714	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1715
		1716	# read remaining chunk
		1717	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1718	}
		1719
		1720	1
		1721	}
		1722	};
		1723
871	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1724	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
872		1725
873	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1726	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1727	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
874		1728
875	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1729	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
876	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1730	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a L<JSON::XS> or
		1731	L<JSON::PP> coder object expecting UTF-8.
877		1732
878	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1733	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
879	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above. You have to provide a	1734	2.09 (and JSON::XS version 2.2) and above.
880	dependency on your own: this module will load the JSON module, but
881	AnyEvent does not depend on it itself.
882		1735
883	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write	1736	Since JSON texts are fully self-delimiting, the C<json> read and write
884	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See	1737	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange JSON datagrams. See
885	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1738	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
886		1739
887	=cut	1740	=cut
888		1741
889	register_read_type json => sub {	1742	register_read_type json => sub {
890	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1743	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
891		1744
892	require JSON;	1745	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
893		1746
894	my $data;	1747	my $data;
895	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
896
897	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
898		1748
899	sub {	1749	sub {
900	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1750	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
901		1751
902	if ($ref) {	1752	if ($ref) {
903	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1753	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
904	$json->incr_text = "";	1754	$json->incr_text = "";
905	$cb->($self, $ref);	1755	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
906		1756
907	1	1757	1
		1758	} elsif ($@) {
		1759	# error case
		1760	$json->incr_skip;
		1761
		1762	$_[0]{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1763	$json->incr_text = "";
		1764
		1765	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1766
		1767	()
908	} else {	1768	} else {
909	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1769	$_[0]{rbuf} = "";
		1770
910	()	1771	()
911	}	1772	}
912	}	1773	}
913	};	1774	};
914		1775
		1776	=item cbor => $cb->($handle, $scalar)
		1777
		1778	Reads a CBOR value, decodes it and passes it to the callback. When a parse
		1779	error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
		1780
		1781	If a L<CBOR::XS> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be
		1782	used for the final decode, otherwise it will create a CBOR coder without
		1783	enabling any options.
		1784
		1785	You have to provide a dependency to L<CBOR::XS> on your own: this module
		1786	will load the L<CBOR::XS> module, but AnyEvent does not depend on it
		1787	itself.
		1788
		1789	Since CBOR values are fully self-delimiting, the C<cbor> read and write
		1790	types are an ideal simple RPC protocol: just exchange CBOR datagrams. See
		1791	the C<cbor> write type description, above, for an actual example.
		1792
		1793	=cut
		1794
		1795	register_read_type cbor => sub {
		1796	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1797
		1798	my $cbor = $self->{cbor} ||= cbor_coder;
		1799
		1800	my $data;
		1801
		1802	sub {
		1803	my (@value) = eval { $cbor->incr_parse ($_[0]{rbuf}) };
		1804
		1805	if (@value) {
		1806	$cb->($_[0], @value);
		1807
		1808	1
		1809	} elsif ($@) {
		1810	# error case
		1811	$cbor->incr_reset;
		1812
		1813	$_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1814
		1815	()
		1816	} else {
		1817	()
		1818	}
		1819	}
		1820	};
		1821
		1822	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1823
		1824	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1825	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1826	data).
		1827
		1828	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1829
		1830	=cut
		1831
		1832	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1833	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1834
		1835	require Storable unless $Storable::VERSION;
		1836
		1837	sub {
		1838	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1839	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1840	or return;
		1841
		1842	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1843
		1844	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1845	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1846	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1847	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1848
		1849	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data)); 1 }
		1850	or return $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1851	} else {
		1852	# remove prefix
		1853	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1854
		1855	# read remaining chunk
		1856	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1857	eval { $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($_[1])); 1 }
		1858	or $_[0]->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1859	});
		1860	}
		1861
		1862	1
		1863	}
		1864	};
		1865
		1866	=item tls_detect => $cb->($handle, $detect, $major, $minor)
		1867
		1868	Checks the input stream for a valid SSL or TLS handshake TLSPaintext
		1869	record without consuming anything. Only SSL version 3 or higher
		1870	is handled, up to the fictituous protocol 4.x (but both SSL3+ and
		1871	SSL2-compatible framing is supported).
		1872
		1873	If it detects that the input data is likely TLS, it calls the callback
		1874	with a true value for C<$detect> and the (on-wire) TLS version as second
		1875	and third argument (C<$major> is C<3>, and C<$minor> is 0..3 for SSL
		1876	3.0, TLS 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2, respectively). If it detects the input to
		1877	be definitely not TLS, it calls the callback with a false value for
		1878	C<$detect>.
		1879
		1880	The callback could use this information to decide whether or not to start
		1881	TLS negotiation.
		1882
		1883	In all cases the data read so far is passed to the following read
		1884	handlers.
		1885
		1886	Usually you want to use the C<tls_autostart> read type instead.
		1887
		1888	If you want to design a protocol that works in the presence of TLS
		1889	dtection, make sure that any non-TLS data doesn't start with the octet 22
		1890	(ASCII SYN, 16 hex) or 128-255 (i.e. highest bit set). The checks this
		1891	read type does are a bit more strict, but might losen in the future to
		1892	accomodate protocol changes.
		1893
		1894	This read type does not rely on L<AnyEvent::TLS> (and thus, not on
		1895	L<Net::SSLeay>).
		1896
		1897	=item tls_autostart => $tls[, $tls_ctx]
		1898
		1899	Tries to detect a valid SSL or TLS handshake. If one is detected, it tries
		1900	to start tls by calling C<starttls> with the given arguments.
		1901
		1902	In practise, C<$tls> must be C<accept>, or a Net::SSLeay context that has
		1903	been configured to accept, as servers do not normally send a handshake on
		1904	their own and ths cannot be detected in this way.
		1905
		1906	See C<tls_detect> above for more details.
		1907
		1908	Example: give the client a chance to start TLS before accepting a text
		1909	line.
		1910
		1911	$hdl->push_read (tls_detect => "accept");
		1912	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		1913	print "received ", ($_[0]{tls} ? "encrypted" : "cleartext"), " <$_[1]>\n";
		1914	});
		1915
		1916	=cut
		1917
		1918	register_read_type tls_detect => sub {
		1919	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1920
		1921	sub {
		1922	# this regex matches a full or partial tls record
		1923	if (
		1924	# ssl3+: type(22=handshake) major(=3) minor(any) length_hi
		1925	$self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| \x16 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| [\x00-\x40] ))))/xs
		1926	# ssl2 comapatible: len_hi len_lo type(1) major minor dummy(forlength)
		1927	or $self->{rbuf} =~ /^(?:\z| [\x80-\xff] (?:\z| . (?:\z| \x01 (\z| [\x03\x04] (?:\z| . (?:\z| . ))))))/xs
		1928	) {
		1929	return if 3 != length $1; # partial match, can't decide yet
		1930
		1931	# full match, valid TLS record
		1932	my ($major, $minor) = unpack "CC", $1;
		1933	$cb->($self, "accept", $major + $minor * 0.1);
		1934	} else {
		1935	# mismatch == guaranteed not TLS
		1936	$cb->($self, undef);
		1937	}
		1938
		1939	1
		1940	}
		1941	};
		1942
		1943	register_read_type tls_autostart => sub {
		1944	my ($self, @tls) = @_;
		1945
		1946	$RH{tls_detect}($self, sub {
		1947	return unless $_[1];
		1948	$_[0]->starttls (@tls);
		1949	})
		1950	};
		1951
915	=back	1952	=back
916		1953
917	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1954	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
918		1955
919	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1956	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1957	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1958	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1959	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1960	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
920		1961
921	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1962	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
922	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1963	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
923	arguments.
924		1964
925	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1965	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
926	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1966	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1967	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1968	converter.
927		1969
928	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1970	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
929	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1971	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1972	although there is no strict requirement on this).
930		1973
931	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
932	global, so try to use unique names.
933
934	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1974	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
935	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1975	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
936		1976
937	=item $handle->stop_read	1977	=item $handle->stop_read
938		1978
939	=item $handle->start_read	1979	=item $handle->start_read
940		1980
941	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1981	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
942	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1982	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
943	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1983	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
944	C<start_read>.	1984	C<start_read>.
945		1985
		1986	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
		1987	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
		1988	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
		1989	there are any read requests in the queue.
		1990
		1991	In older versions of this module (<= 5.3), these methods had no effect,
		1992	as TLS does not support half-duplex connections. In current versions they
		1993	work as expected, as this behaviour is required to avoid certain resource
		1994	attacks, where the program would be forced to read (and buffer) arbitrary
		1995	amounts of data before being able to send some data. The drawback is that
		1996	some readings of the the SSL/TLS specifications basically require this
		1997	attack to be working, as SSL/TLS implementations might stall sending data
		1998	during a rehandshake.
		1999
		2000	As a guideline, during the initial handshake, you should not stop reading,
		2001	and as a client, it might cause problems, depending on your application.
		2002
946	=cut	2003	=cut
947		2004
948	sub stop_read {	2005	sub stop_read {
949	my ($self) = @_;	2006	my ($self) = @_;
950		2007
…		…
952	}	2009	}
953		2010
954	sub start_read {	2011	sub start_read {
955	my ($self) = @_;	2012	my ($self) = @_;
956		2013
957	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	2014	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
958	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	2015	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
959		2016
960	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	2017	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
961	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	2018	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
962	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	2019	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size}, length $$rbuf;
963		2020
964	if ($len > 0) {	2021	if ($len > 0) {
965	$self->{filter_r}	2022	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
966	? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf)	2023
		2024	if ($self->{tls}) {
		2025	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		2026
		2027	&_dotls ($self);
		2028	} else {
967	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	2029	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2030	}
		2031
		2032	if ($len == $self->{read_size}) {
		2033	$self->{read_size} *= 2;
		2034	$self->{read_size} = $self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE
		2035	if $self->{read_size} > ($self->{max_read_size} || MAX_READ_SIZE);
		2036	}
968		2037
969	} elsif (defined $len) {	2038	} elsif (defined $len) {
970	delete $self->{_rw};	2039	delete $self->{_rw};
971	$self->{_eof} = 1;	2040	$self->{_eof} = 1;
972	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2041	$self->_drain_rbuf;
973		2042
974	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	2043	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
975	return $self->error;	2044	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
976	}	2045	}
977	});	2046	};
978	}	2047	}
979	}	2048	}
980		2049
		2050	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		2051	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		2052
		2053	sub _tls_error {
		2054	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		2055
		2056	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		2057	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2058
		2059	my $err = Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		2060
		2061	# reduce error string to look less scary
		2062	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		2063
		2064	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		2065	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		2066	&_freetls;
		2067	} else {
		2068	&_freetls;
		2069	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		2070	}
		2071	}
		2072
		2073	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		2074	# also decode read data if possible
		2075	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		2076	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		2077	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
981	sub _dotls {	2078	sub _dotls {
982	my ($self) = @_;	2079	my ($self) = @_;
983		2080
		2081	my $tmp;
		2082
984	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	2083	while (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
985	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	2084	if (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) <= 0) {
986	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	2085	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		2086
		2087	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2088	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2089	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2090
		2091	last;
987	}	2092	}
988	}
989		2093
		2094	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
		2095	}
		2096
		2097	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		2098	unless (length $tmp) {
		2099	$self->{_on_starttls}
		2100	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		2101	&_freetls;
		2102
		2103	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		2104	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		2105	return;
		2106	} else {
		2107	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		2108	delete $self->{_rw};
		2109	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		2110	}
		2111	}
		2112
		2113	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		2114	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		2115	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		2116	}
		2117
		2118	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); # -1 is not neccessarily correct, but Net::SSLeay doesn't tell us
		2119	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		2120	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		2121	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		2122
990	if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	2123	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
991	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	2124	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
992	$self->_drain_wbuf;	2125	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		2126	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
993	}	2127	}
994		2128
995	while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	2129	$self->{_on_starttls}
996	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	2130	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
997	$self->_drain_rbuf;	2131	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
998	}
999
1000	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1001
1002	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1003	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1004	$self->error;
1005	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1006	$! = &Errno::EIO;
1007	$self->error;
1008	}
1009
1010	# all others are fine for our purposes
1011	}
1012	}	2132	}
1013		2133
1014	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	2134	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1015		2135
1016	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	2136	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1017	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	2137	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1018	C<starttls>.	2138	C<starttls>. See the C<tls> constructor argument for general info.
		2139
		2140	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		2141	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		2142	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent. This might
		2143	change in future versions, so best make sure you have no outstanding write
		2144	data when calling this method.
1019		2145
1020	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	2146	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1021	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	2147	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1022		2148
1023	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	2149	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1024	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	2150	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		2151	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		2152	construct a new context.
1025		2153
1026	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	2154	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1027	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	2155	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1028	might have already started when this function returns.	2156	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		2157	when this function returns.
1029		2158
1030	=cut	2159	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		2160	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		2161	stream after stopping TLS.
1031		2162
1032	# TODO: maybe document...	2163	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2164	destroyed after it returns).
		2165
		2166	=cut
		2167
		2168	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
		2169
1033	sub starttls {	2170	sub starttls {
1034	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	2171	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1035		2172
1036	$self->stoptls;	2173	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		2174	if $self->{tls};
1037		2175
1038	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	2176	unless (defined $AnyEvent::TLS::VERSION) {
1039	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2177	eval {
1040	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	2178	require Net::SSLeay;
1041	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	2179	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1042	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	2180	1
1043	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	2181	} or return $self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, "TLS support not available on this system");
		2182	}
		2183
		2184	$self->{tls} = $tls;
		2185	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
		2186
		2187	return unless $self->{fh};
		2188
		2189	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		2190	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		2191
		2192	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		2193	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		2194
		2195	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		2196
		2197	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		2198	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		2199	my $key = $ctx+0;
		2200	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2201	} else {
		2202	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		2203	}
		2204	}
1044	}	2205
1045		2206	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1046	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	2207	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1047		2208
1048	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	2209	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1049	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	2210	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1050	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	2211	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1051	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	2212	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1052	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	2213	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		2214	#
		2215	# in short: this is a mess.
		2216	#
		2217	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		2218	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		2219	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		2220	# have identity issues in that area.
1053	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	2221	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1054	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	2222	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1055	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	2223	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		2224	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1056		2225
1057	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2226	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1058	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	2227	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1059		2228
		2229	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $self->{rbuf});
		2230	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		2231
1060	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	2232	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1061		2233
1062	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	2234	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1063	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	2235	if $self->{on_starttls};
1064	&_dotls;	2236
1065	};	2237	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1066	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	2238	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1067	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1068	&_dotls;
1069	};
1070	}	2239	}
1071		2240
1072	=item $handle->stoptls	2241	=item $handle->stoptls
1073		2242
1074	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	2243	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1075	lost.	2244	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		2245	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		2246	the stream afterwards.
		2247
		2248	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		2249	destroyed after it returns).
1076		2250
1077	=cut	2251	=cut
1078		2252
1079	sub stoptls {	2253	sub stoptls {
1080	my ($self) = @_;	2254	my ($self) = @_;
1081		2255
1082	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	2256	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		2257	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1083		2258
1084	delete $self->{_rbio};	2259	&_dotls;
1085	delete $self->{_wbio};	2260
1086	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	2261	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1087	delete $self->{filter_r};	2262	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1088	delete $self->{filter_w};	2263	# &_freetls;#d#
		2264	}
1089	}	2265	}
		2266
		2267	sub _freetls {
		2268	my ($self) = @_;
		2269
		2270	return unless $self->{tls};
		2271
		2272	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		2273	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		2274
		2275	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
		2276	}
		2277
		2278	=item $handle->resettls
		2279
		2280	This rarely-used method simply resets and TLS state on the handle, usually
		2281	causing data loss.
		2282
		2283	One case where it may be useful is when you want to skip over the data in
		2284	the stream but you are not interested in interpreting it, so data loss is
		2285	no concern.
		2286
		2287	=cut
		2288
		2289	*resettls = \&_freetls;
1090		2290
1091	sub DESTROY {	2291	sub DESTROY {
1092	my $self = shift;	2292	my ($self) = @_;
1093		2293
1094	$self->stoptls;	2294	&_freetls;
		2295
		2296	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		2297
		2298	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		2299	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		2300	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		2301
		2302	my @linger;
		2303
		2304	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
		2305	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		2306
		2307	if ($len > 0) {
		2308	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		2309	} elsif (defined $len || ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)) {
		2310	@linger = (); # end
		2311	}
		2312	};
		2313	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
		2314	@linger = ();
		2315	};
		2316	}
1095	}	2317	}
		2318
		2319	=item $handle->destroy
		2320
		2321	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2322	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2323	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2324	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2325	empty list).
		2326
		2327	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2328	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2329	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2330	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2331	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2332	that case.
		2333
		2334	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2335	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2336	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2337	reference cycles.
		2338
		2339	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2340	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2341
		2342	=cut
		2343
		2344	sub destroy {
		2345	my ($self) = @_;
		2346
		2347	$self->DESTROY;
		2348	%$self = ();
		2349	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2350	}
		2351
		2352	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2353	#nop
		2354	}
		2355
		2356	=item $handle->destroyed
		2357
		2358	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2359	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2360
		2361	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2362	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2363	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2364	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2365
		2366	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2367	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2368	$hdl->push_write (...
		2369
		2370	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2371	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2372	handle being destroyed.
		2373
		2374	=cut
		2375
		2376	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2377	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1096		2378
1097	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2379	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1098		2380
1099	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2381	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1100	default for TLS mode.	2382	for TLS mode.
1101		2383
1102	The context is created like this:	2384	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1103
1104	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1105	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1106	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1107
1108	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1109
1110	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1111		2385
1112	=cut	2386	=cut
1113		2387
1114	our $TLS_CTX;	2388	our $TLS_CTX;
1115		2389
1116	sub TLS_CTX() {	2390	sub TLS_CTX() {
1117	$TLS_CTX || do {	2391	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1118	require Net::SSLeay;	2392	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1119		2393
1120	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2394	new AnyEvent::TLS
1121	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();	2395	}
1122	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();	2396	}
1123		2397
1124	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();	2398	=back
1125		2399
1126	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1127		2400
1128	$TLS_CTX	2401	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2402
		2403	=over 4
		2404
		2405	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2406	still get further invocations!
		2407
		2408	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2409	read or write callbacks.
		2410
		2411	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2412	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2413	->destroy >> method.
		2414
		2415	=item Why is my C<on_eof> callback never called?
		2416
		2417	Probably because your C<on_error> callback is being called instead: When
		2418	you have outstanding requests in your read queue, then an EOF is
		2419	considered an error as you clearly expected some data.
		2420
		2421	To avoid this, make sure you have an empty read queue whenever your handle
		2422	is supposed to be "idle" (i.e. connection closes are O.K.). You can set
		2423	an C<on_read> handler that simply pushes the first read requests in the
		2424	queue.
		2425
		2426	See also the next question, which explains this in a bit more detail.
		2427
		2428	=item How can I serve requests in a loop?
		2429
		2430	Most protocols consist of some setup phase (authentication for example)
		2431	followed by a request handling phase, where the server waits for requests
		2432	and handles them, in a loop.
		2433
		2434	There are two important variants: The first (traditional, better) variant
		2435	handles requests until the server gets some QUIT command, causing it to
		2436	close the connection first (highly desirable for a busy TCP server). A
		2437	client dropping the connection is an error, which means this variant can
		2438	detect an unexpected detection close.
		2439
		2440	To handle this case, always make sure you have a non-empty read queue, by
		2441	pushing the "read request start" handler on it:
		2442
		2443	# we assume a request starts with a single line
		2444	my @start_request; @start_request = (line => sub {
		2445	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2446
		2447	... handle request
		2448
		2449	# push next request read, possibly from a nested callback
		2450	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2451	});
		2452
		2453	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2454	# now push the first @start_request
		2455	$hdl->push_read (@start_request);
		2456
		2457	By always having an outstanding C<push_read>, the handle always expects
		2458	some data and raises the C<EPIPE> error when the connction is dropped
		2459	unexpectedly.
		2460
		2461	The second variant is a protocol where the client can drop the connection
		2462	at any time. For TCP, this means that the server machine may run out of
		2463	sockets easier, and in general, it means you cannot distinguish a protocl
		2464	failure/client crash from a normal connection close. Nevertheless, these
		2465	kinds of protocols are common (and sometimes even the best solution to the
		2466	problem).
		2467
		2468	Having an outstanding read request at all times is possible if you ignore
		2469	C<EPIPE> errors, but this doesn't help with when the client drops the
		2470	connection during a request, which would still be an error.
		2471
		2472	A better solution is to push the initial request read in an C<on_read>
		2473	callback. This avoids an error, as when the server doesn't expect data
		2474	(i.e. is idly waiting for the next request, an EOF will not raise an
		2475	error, but simply result in an C<on_eof> callback. It is also a bit slower
		2476	and simpler:
		2477
		2478	# auth done, now go into request handling loop
		2479	$hdl->on_read (sub {
		2480	my ($hdl) = @_;
		2481
		2482	# called each time we receive data but the read queue is empty
		2483	# simply start read the request
		2484
		2485	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
		2486	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
		2487
		2488	... handle request
		2489
		2490	# do nothing special when the request has been handled, just
		2491	# let the request queue go empty.
		2492	});
		2493	});
		2494
		2495	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2496	reading?
		2497
		2498	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2499	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2500	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2501	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2502
		2503	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2504	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2505	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2506
		2507	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2508	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2509	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2510	C<destroy> method.
		2511
		2512	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2513
		2514	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2515	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2516	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2517	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2518
		2519	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2520	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2521	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2522	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2523	});
		2524
		2525	Note that this example removes the C<rbuf> member from the handle object,
		2526	which is not normally allowed by the API. It is expressly permitted in
		2527	this case only, as the handle object needs to be destroyed afterwards.
		2528
		2529	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2530	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2531	fact all data has been received.
		2532
		2533	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2534	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2535	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2536	explicit QUIT command.
		2537
		2538	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2539	all data has been written?
		2540
		2541	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2542	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2543	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2544	written to the socket:
		2545
		2546	$handle->push_write (...);
		2547	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2548	AE::log debug => "All data submitted to the kernel.";
		2549	undef $handle;
		2550	});
		2551
		2552	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2553	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2554
		2555	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2556
		2557	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2558	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2559	parameter:
		2560
		2561	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2562	my ($fh) = @_;
		2563
		2564	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2565	fh => $fh,
		2566	tls => "connect",
		2567	on_error => sub { ... };
		2568
		2569	$handle->push_write (...);
1129	}	2570	};
1130	}	2571
		2572	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2573
		2574	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2575	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2576	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2577
		2578	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2579
		2580	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2581	my ($fh) = @_;
		2582
		2583	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2584	fh => $fh,
		2585	peername => $host,
		2586	tls => "connect",
		2587	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2588	...
		2589
		2590	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2591	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2592	peername verification will be done.
		2593
		2594	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2595	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2596	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2597
		2598	tls_ctx => {
		2599	verify => 1,
		2600	verify_peername => "https",
		2601	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2602	},
		2603
		2604	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2605
		2606	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2607	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2608	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2609	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2610	nice program for that purpose).
		2611
		2612	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2613	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2614	file should then look like this:
		2615
		2616	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2617	...header data
		2618	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2619	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2620
		2621	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2622	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2623	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2624
		2625	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2626	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2627
		2628	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2629	my ($fh) = @_;
		2630
		2631	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2632	fh => $fh,
		2633	tls => "accept",
		2634	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2635	...
		2636
		2637	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2638	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
1131		2639
1132	=back	2640	=back
1133		2641
1134	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2642	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1135		2643
…		…
1141	=over 4	2649	=over 4
1142		2650
1143	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2651	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1144		2652
1145	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2653	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1146	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2654	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1147	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2655	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1148		2656
1149	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2657	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1150		2658
1151	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2659	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed
…		…
1154		2662
1155	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2663	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1156	are free to use in subclasses.	2664	are free to use in subclasses.
1157		2665
1158	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2666	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1159	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2667	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1160		2668
1161	=back	2669	=back
1162		2670
1163	=head1 AUTHOR	2671	=head1 AUTHOR
1164		2672
1165	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.	2673	Robin Redeker C<< <elmex at ta-sa.org> >>, Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>.
1166		2674
1167	=cut	2675	=cut
1168		2676
1169	1; # End of AnyEvent::Handle	2677	1
		2678

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