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Revision 1.56 by root, Wed Jun 4 09:55:16 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.150 by root, Thu Jul 16 04:16:25 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;	3	no warnings;
4	use strict;	4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5		5
6	use AnyEvent ();	6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);	7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	9	use Carp ();
…		…
14		14
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		16
17	=cut	17	=cut
18		18
19	our $VERSION = 4.12;	19	our $VERSION = 4.82;
20		20
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	21	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		22
23	use AnyEvent;	23	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	24	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		25
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		27
28	my $handle =	28	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	29	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	30	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	31	warn "got error $_[2]\n";
33	},	32	$cv->send;
34	);	33	);
35		34
36	# send some request line	35	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	36	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		37
39	# read the response line	38	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	39	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	40	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	41	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	42	$cv->send;
44	});	43	});
45		44
46	$cv->recv;	45	$cv->recv;
47		46
…		…
49		48
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	49	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	50	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	51	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		52
		53	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		54	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		55
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	56	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	57	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	58	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		59
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	60	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		62
61	=head1 METHODS	63	=head1 METHODS
62		64
63	=over 4	65	=over 4
64		66
65	=item B<new (%args)>	67	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		68
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	69	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		70
69	=over 4	71	=over 4
70		72
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	73	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		74
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	75	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74		76
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	81	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		82
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	83	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	84	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	85	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		86	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		87	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
83		88
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	89	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	90	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
86	waiting for data.	91	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		92	down.
87		93
		94	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		95	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		96
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	97	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		98
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	99	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	100	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	101	connect or a read error.
93		102
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	103	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	104	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		105	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		106	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		107	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		108
		109	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		110	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		111	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		112	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		113
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	114	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	115	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	116	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		117	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		118
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	119	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	120	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		121	C<EPROTO>).
102		122
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	123	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	124	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	125	C<croak>.
106		126
107	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	127	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108		128
109	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	129	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110	and no read request is in the queue.	130	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		131	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		132	read buffer).
111		133
112	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	134	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	135	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		136	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		137	the beginning from it.
114		138
115	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	139	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
116	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	140	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
117	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	141	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
118	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	142	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
119		143
		144	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		145	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		146	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		147	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		148
120	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	149	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
121		150
122	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	151	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	152	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124		153
125	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	154	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		155
		156	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		157	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		158	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		159	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		160	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
126		161
127	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	162	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128		163
129	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	164	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
130	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	165	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
131	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	166	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
132	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	167	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
133		168
134	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	169	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	170	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	171	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	172	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		173	restart the timeout.
138		174
139	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	175	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140		176
141	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	177	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142		178
…		…
146		182
147	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	183	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148		184
149	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	185	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	186	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	187	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152		188
153	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	189	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	190	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	191	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	192	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157	isn't finished).	193	isn't finished).
158		194
		195	=item autocork => <boolean>
		196
		197	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		198	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		199	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		200	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		201	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		202	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		203
		204	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		205	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		206	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		207	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		208
		209	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		210
		211	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		212	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		213	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		214
		215	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		216	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		217
		218	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		219	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		220
159	=item read_size => <bytes>	221	=item read_size => <bytes>
160		222
161	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	223	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	224	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		225	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163		226
164	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	227	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165		228
166	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	229	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	230	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168	considered empty.	231	considered empty.
169		232
		233	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		234	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		235	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		236	is good in almost all cases.
		237
		238	=item linger => <seconds>
		239
		240	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		241	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		242	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		243	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		244	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		245
		246	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		247	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		248	help.
		249
		250	=item peername => $string
		251
		252	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		253	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		254
		255	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		256	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		257	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		258	C<undef>.
		259
170	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	260	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171		261
172	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	262	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	263	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174	data.	264	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		265
		266	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		267	appropriate error message.
175		268
176	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	269	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	270	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		271	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		272	to add the dependency yourself.
178		273
179	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	274	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180	connection, use C<connect> mode.	275	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		276	mode.
181		277
182	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	278	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	279	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	280	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185	AnyEvent::Handle.	281	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		282	object.
186		283
		284	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		285	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		286	away.
		287
		288	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		289	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		290	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		291	segmentation fault.
		292
187	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	293	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188		294
189	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	295	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
190		296
191	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	297	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
192	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	298	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	299	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194		300
		301	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		302	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		303	new TLS context object.
		304
		305	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		306
		307	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		308	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		309	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		310
		311	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		312	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		313
		314	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		315	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		316
		317	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		318	called, as normal.
		319
		320	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		321	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		322	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		323
		324	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		325
		326	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		327	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		328	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		329	on the handle.
		330
		331	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		332	callback.
		333
		334	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		335	underlying handle signals EOF.
		336
195	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	337	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196		338
197	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	339	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198		340
199	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	341	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	342	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		343	texts.
201		344
202	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	345	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	346	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204		347
205	=item filter_r => $cb
206
207	=item filter_w => $cb
208
209	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
210
211	=back	348	=back
212		349
213	=cut	350	=cut
214		351
215	sub new {	352	sub new {
216	my $class = shift;	353	my $class = shift;
217
218	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	354	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
219		355
220	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	356	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
221		357
222	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	358	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
223
224	if ($self->{tls}) {
225	require Net::SSLeay;
226	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
227	}
228
229	# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
230	# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
231	# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
232	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233		359
234	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	360	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
235	$self->_timeout;	361	$self->_timeout;
236		362
		363	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		364
		365	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		366	if $self->{tls};
		367
		368	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		369
237	$self->start_read;	370	$self->start_read
		371	if $self->{on_read};
238		372
239	$self	373	$self->{fh} && $self
240	}	374	}
241		375
242	sub _shutdown {	376	#sub _shutdown {
243	my ($self) = @_;	377	# my ($self) = @_;
244		378	#
245	delete $self->{_tw};	379	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
246	delete $self->{_rw};	380	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
247	delete $self->{_ww};	381	#
248	delete $self->{fh};	382	# &_freetls;
249		383	#}
250	$self->stoptls;
251	}
252		384
253	sub _error {	385	sub _error {
254	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	386	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
255
256	$self->_shutdown
257	if $fatal;
258		387
259	$! = $errno;	388	$! = $errno;
		389	$message ||= "$!";
260		390
261	if ($self->{on_error}) {	391	if ($self->{on_error}) {
262	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	392	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
263	} else {	393	$self->destroy;
		394	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		395	$self->destroy;
264	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	396	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
265	}	397	}
266	}	398	}
267		399
268	=item $fh = $handle->fh	400	=item $fh = $handle->fh
269		401
270	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	402	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
271		403
272	=cut	404	=cut
273		405
274	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	406	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
275		407
…		…
293	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	425	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
294	}	426	}
295		427
296	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	428	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
297		429
298	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	430	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
299	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	431	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
300	argument.	432	argument and method.
301		433
302	=cut	434	=cut
303		435
304	sub on_timeout {	436	sub on_timeout {
305	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	437	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		438	}
		439
		440	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		441
		442	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		443	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		444
		445	=cut
		446
		447	sub autocork {
		448	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		449	}
		450
		451	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		452
		453	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		454	the same name for details).
		455
		456	=cut
		457
		458	sub no_delay {
		459	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		460
		461	eval {
		462	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		463	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		464	};
		465	}
		466
		467	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		468
		469	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		470
		471	=cut
		472
		473	sub on_starttls {
		474	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		475	}
		476
		477	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		478
		479	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		480
		481	=cut
		482
		483	sub on_starttls {
		484	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
306	}	485	}
307		486
308	#############################################################################	487	#############################################################################
309		488
310	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	489	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
336	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	515	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
337		516
338	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	517	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
339	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	518	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
340	} else {	519	} else {
341	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	520	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
342	}	521	}
343		522
344	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	523	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
345	return unless $self->{timeout};	524	return unless $self->{timeout};
346		525
…		…
388	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	567	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
389		568
390	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	569	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
391		570
392	$cb->($self)	571	$cb->($self)
393	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	572	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
394	}	573	}
395		574
396	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	575	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
397		576
398	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	577	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
409	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	588	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
410		589
411	my $cb = sub {	590	my $cb = sub {
412	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	591	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
413		592
414	if ($len >= 0) {	593	if (defined $len) {
415	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	594	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
416		595
417	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	596	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
418		597
419	$self->{on_drain}($self)	598	$self->{on_drain}($self)
420	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	599	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
421	&& $self->{on_drain};	600	&& $self->{on_drain};
422		601
423	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	602	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
424	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	603	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
425	$self->_error ($!, 1);	604	$self->_error ($!, 1);
426	}	605	}
427	};	606	};
428		607
429	# try to write data immediately	608	# try to write data immediately
430	$cb->();	609	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
431		610
432	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	611	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
433	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	612	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
434	if length $self->{wbuf};	613	if length $self->{wbuf};
435	};	614	};
…		…
449		628
450	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	629	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
451	->($self, @_);	630	->($self, @_);
452	}	631	}
453		632
454	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	633	if ($self->{tls}) {
455	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	634	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		635
		636	&_dotls ($self);
456	} else {	637	} else {
457	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	638	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
458	$self->_drain_wbuf;	639	$self->_drain_wbuf;
459	}	640	}
460	}	641	}
…		…
477	=cut	658	=cut
478		659
479	register_write_type netstring => sub {	660	register_write_type netstring => sub {
480	my ($self, $string) = @_;	661	my ($self, $string) = @_;
481		662
482	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	663	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		664	};
		665
		666	=item packstring => $format, $data
		667
		668	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		669	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		670	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		671	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		672
		673	=cut
		674
		675	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		676	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		677
		678	pack "$format/a*", $string
483	};	679	};
484		680
485	=item json => $array_or_hashref	681	=item json => $array_or_hashref
486		682
487	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	683	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
521		717
522	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	718	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
523	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	719	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
524	};	720	};
525		721
		722	=item storable => $reference
		723
		724	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		725	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		726
		727	=cut
		728
		729	register_write_type storable => sub {
		730	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		731
		732	require Storable;
		733
		734	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		735	};
		736
526	=back	737	=back
		738
		739	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		740
		741	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		742	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		743	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		744	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		745	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		746
		747	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		748
		749	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		750	the peer.
		751
		752	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		753	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		754
		755	=cut
		756
		757	sub push_shutdown {
		758	my ($self) = @_;
		759
		760	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		761	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		762	}
527		763
528	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	764	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
529		765
530	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	766	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
531	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	767	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
552	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	788	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
553	a queue.	789	a queue.
554		790
555	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	791	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
556	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	792	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
557	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	793	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
558	or not.	794	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		795	partial message has been received so far).
559		796
560	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	797	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
561	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	798	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
562	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	799	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
563	below).	800	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
564		801
565	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	802	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
566	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	803	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
567		804
568	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	805	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
…		…
581	# handle xml	818	# handle xml
582	});	819	});
583	});	820	});
584	});	821	});
585		822
586	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	823	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
587	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	824	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
588	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	825	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
589	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	826	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
590	the callbacks:	827	in the callbacks.
591		828
592	# request one	829	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		830	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		831	64-byte chunk callback.
		832
		833	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
593	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	834	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
594		835
595	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	836	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
596	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	837	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
597	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	838	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
604	...	845	...
605	});	846	});
606	}	847	}
607	});	848	});
608		849
609	# request two	850	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
610	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	851	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
611		852
612	# simply read 64 bytes, always	853	# simply read 64 bytes, always
613	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	854	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
614	my $response = $_[1];	855	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
620	=cut	861	=cut
621		862
622	sub _drain_rbuf {	863	sub _drain_rbuf {
623	my ($self) = @_;	864	my ($self) = @_;
624		865
		866	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
		867
625	if (	868	if (
626	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	869	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
627	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	870	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
628	) {	871	) {
629	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	872	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
630	}	873	}
631		874
632	return if $self->{in_drain};	875	while () {
633	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	876	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		877	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		878	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
634		879
635	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	880	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
636	no strict 'refs';	881
637	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	882	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
638	unless ($cb->($self)) {	883	unless ($cb->($self)) {
639	if ($self->{_eof}) {	884	if ($self->{_eof}) {
640	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	885	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
641	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);	886	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
642	}	887	}
643		888
644	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	889	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
645	last;	890	last;
646	}	891	}
647	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	892	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		893	last unless $len;
		894
648	$self->{on_read}($self);	895	$self->{on_read}($self);
649		896
650	if (	897	if (
651	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed	898	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
652	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	899	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	900	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
654	) {	901	) {
655	# no further data will arrive	902	# no further data will arrive
656	# so no progress can be made	903	# so no progress can be made
657	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1)	904	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
658	if $self->{_eof};	905	if $self->{_eof};
659		906
660	last; # more data might arrive	907	last; # more data might arrive
661	}	908	}
662	} else {	909	} else {
663	# read side becomes idle	910	# read side becomes idle
664	delete $self->{_rw};	911	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
665	last;	912	last;
666	}	913	}
667	}	914	}
668		915
		916	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		917	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
669	$self->{on_eof}($self)	918	$self->{on_eof}($self)
670	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	919	} else {
		920	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		921	}
		922	}
671		923
672	# may need to restart read watcher	924	# may need to restart read watcher
673	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	925	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
674	$self->start_read	926	$self->start_read
675	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	927	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
686		938
687	sub on_read {	939	sub on_read {
688	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	940	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
689		941
690	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	942	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		943	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
691	}	944	}
692		945
693	=item $handle->rbuf	946	=item $handle->rbuf
694		947
695	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	948	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
696		949
697	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	950	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
698	you want.	951	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		952	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		953	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		954	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
699		955
700	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	956	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
701	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	957	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
702	automatically manage the read buffer.	958	automatically manage the read buffer.
703		959
…		…
744	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1000	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
745	->($self, $cb, @_);	1001	->($self, $cb, @_);
746	}	1002	}
747		1003
748	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1004	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
749	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1005	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
750	}	1006	}
751		1007
752	sub unshift_read {	1008	sub unshift_read {
753	my $self = shift;	1009	my $self = shift;
754	my $cb = pop;	1010	my $cb = pop;
…		…
760	->($self, $cb, @_);	1016	->($self, $cb, @_);
761	}	1017	}
762		1018
763		1019
764	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1020	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
765	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1021	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
766	}	1022	}
767		1023
768	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1024	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
769		1025
770	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1026	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
800	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1056	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
801	1	1057	1
802	}	1058	}
803	};	1059	};
804		1060
805	# compatibility with older API
806	sub push_read_chunk {
807	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
808	}
809
810	sub unshift_read_chunk {
811	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
812	}
813
814	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1061	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
815		1062
816	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1063	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
817	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1064	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
818	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1065	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
833	=cut	1080	=cut
834		1081
835	register_read_type line => sub {	1082	register_read_type line => sub {
836	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1083	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
837		1084
838	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1085	if (@_ < 3) {
839	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1086	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
840	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
841
842	sub {	1087	sub {
843	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1088	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
844		1089
845	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1090	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
846	1
847	}
848	};
849
850	# compatibility with older API
851	sub push_read_line {
852	my $self = shift;
853	$self->push_read (line => @_);
854	}
855
856	sub unshift_read_line {
857	my $self = shift;
858	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
859	}
860
861	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
862
863	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
864
865	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
866
867	=cut
868
869	register_read_type netstring => sub {
870	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
871
872	sub {
873	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
874	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
875	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
876	}	1091	1
877	return;
878	}	1092	}
		1093	} else {
		1094	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1095	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
879		1096
880	my $len = $1;	1097	sub {
		1098	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
881		1099
882	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1100	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
883	my $string = $_[1];
884	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
885	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
886	$cb->($_[0], $string);
887	} else {
888	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
889	}
890	});	1101	1
891	});	1102	}
892
893	1
894	}	1103	}
895	};	1104	};
896		1105
897	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1106	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
898		1107
…		…
950	return 1;	1159	return 1;
951	}	1160	}
952		1161
953	# reject	1162	# reject
954	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1163	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
955	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1164	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
956	}	1165	}
957		1166
958	# skip	1167	# skip
959	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1168	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
960	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1169	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
962		1171
963	()	1172	()
964	}	1173	}
965	};	1174	};
966		1175
		1176	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1177
		1178	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1179
		1180	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1181
		1182	=cut
		1183
		1184	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1185	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1186
		1187	sub {
		1188	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1189	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1190	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1191	}
		1192	return;
		1193	}
		1194
		1195	my $len = $1;
		1196
		1197	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1198	my $string = $_[1];
		1199	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1200	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1201	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1202	} else {
		1203	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1204	}
		1205	});
		1206	});
		1207
		1208	1
		1209	}
		1210	};
		1211
		1212	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1213
		1214	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1215	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1216	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1217	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1218
		1219	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1220	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1221
		1222	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1223	format (very efficient).
		1224
		1225	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1226	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1227	});
		1228
		1229	=cut
		1230
		1231	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1232	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1233
		1234	sub {
		1235	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1236	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1237	or return;
		1238
		1239	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1240
		1241	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1242	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1243	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1244	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1245	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1246	} else {
		1247	# remove prefix
		1248	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1249
		1250	# read remaining chunk
		1251	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1252	}
		1253
		1254	1
		1255	}
		1256	};
		1257
967	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1258	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
968		1259
969	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1260	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1261	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
970		1262
971	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1263	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
972	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1264	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
973		1265
974	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1266	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
981	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1273	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
982		1274
983	=cut	1275	=cut
984		1276
985	register_read_type json => sub {	1277	register_read_type json => sub {
986	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1278	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
987		1279
988	require JSON;	1280	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1281	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1282	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
989		1283
990	my $data;	1284	my $data;
991	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1285	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
992		1286
993	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
994
995	sub {	1287	sub {
996	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1288	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
997		1289
998	if ($ref) {	1290	if ($ref) {
999	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1291	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1000	$json->incr_text = "";	1292	$json->incr_text = "";
1001	$cb->($self, $ref);	1293	$cb->($self, $ref);
1002		1294
1003	1	1295	1
		1296	} elsif ($@) {
		1297	# error case
		1298	$json->incr_skip;
		1299
		1300	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1301	$json->incr_text = "";
		1302
		1303	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1304
		1305	()
1004	} else {	1306	} else {
1005	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1307	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1308
1006	()	1309	()
1007	}	1310	}
		1311	}
		1312	};
		1313
		1314	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1315
		1316	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1317	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1318	data).
		1319
		1320	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1321
		1322	=cut
		1323
		1324	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1325	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1326
		1327	require Storable;
		1328
		1329	sub {
		1330	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1331	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1332	or return;
		1333
		1334	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1335
		1336	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1337	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1338	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1339	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1340	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1341	} else {
		1342	# remove prefix
		1343	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1344
		1345	# read remaining chunk
		1346	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1347	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1348	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1349	} else {
		1350	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1351	}
		1352	});
		1353	}
		1354
		1355	1
1008	}	1356	}
1009	};	1357	};
1010		1358
1011	=back	1359	=back
1012		1360
…		…
1033	=item $handle->stop_read	1381	=item $handle->stop_read
1034		1382
1035	=item $handle->start_read	1383	=item $handle->start_read
1036		1384
1037	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1385	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1038	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1386	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1039	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1387	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1040	C<start_read>.	1388	C<start_read>.
1041		1389
1042	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1390	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1043	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1391	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1044	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1392	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1045	there are any read requests in the queue.	1393	there are any read requests in the queue.
1046		1394
		1395	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1396	half-duplex connections).
		1397
1047	=cut	1398	=cut
1048		1399
1049	sub stop_read {	1400	sub stop_read {
1050	my ($self) = @_;	1401	my ($self) = @_;
1051		1402
1052	delete $self->{_rw};	1403	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1053	}	1404	}
1054		1405
1055	sub start_read {	1406	sub start_read {
1056	my ($self) = @_;	1407	my ($self) = @_;
1057		1408
1058	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1409	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1059	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1410	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1060		1411
1061	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1412	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1062	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1413	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1063	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1414	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1064		1415
1065	if ($len > 0) {	1416	if ($len > 0) {
1066	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1417	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1067		1418
1068	$self->{filter_r}	1419	if ($self->{tls}) {
1069	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1420	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1070	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1421
		1422	&_dotls ($self);
		1423	} else {
		1424	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1425	}
1071		1426
1072	} elsif (defined $len) {	1427	} elsif (defined $len) {
1073	delete $self->{_rw};	1428	delete $self->{_rw};
1074	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1429	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1075	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1430	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1076		1431
1077	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1432	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1078	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1433	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1079	}	1434	}
1080	});	1435	});
1081	}	1436	}
1082	}	1437	}
1083		1438
		1439	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1440	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1441
		1442	sub _tls_error {
		1443	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1444
		1445	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1446	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1447
		1448	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1449
		1450	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1451	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1452
		1453	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1454	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1455	&_freetls;
		1456	} else {
		1457	&_freetls;
		1458	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1459	}
		1460	}
		1461
		1462	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1463	# also decode read data if possible
		1464	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1465	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1466	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1084	sub _dotls {	1467	sub _dotls {
1085	my ($self) = @_;	1468	my ($self) = @_;
1086		1469
1087	my $buf;	1470	my $tmp;
1088		1471
1089	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1472	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1090	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1473	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1091	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1474	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1092	}	1475	}
1093	}
1094		1476
		1477	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1478	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1479	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1480	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1481	}
		1482
		1483	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1484	unless (length $tmp) {
		1485	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1486	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1487	&_freetls;
		1488
		1489	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1490	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1491	return;
		1492	} else {
		1493	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1494	delete $self->{_rw};
		1495	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1496	}
		1497	}
		1498
		1499	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1500	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1501	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1502	}
		1503
		1504	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1505	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1506	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1507	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1508
1095	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1509	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1096	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1510	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1097	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1511	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1098	}	1512	}
1099		1513
1100	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1514	$self->{_on_starttls}
1101	if (length $buf) {	1515	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1102	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1516	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1103	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1104	} else {
1105	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1106	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1107	$self->_shutdown;
1108	return;
1109	}
1110	}
1111
1112	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1113
1114	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1115	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1116	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1117	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1118	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1119	}
1120
1121	# all others are fine for our purposes
1122	}
1123	}	1517	}
1124		1518
1125	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1519	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1126		1520
1127	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1521	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
…		…
1129	C<starttls>.	1523	C<starttls>.
1130		1524
1131	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1525	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1132	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1526	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1133		1527
1134	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1528	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1135	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1529	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1530	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1531	construct a new context.
1136		1532
1137	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1533	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1138	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1534	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1139	might have already started when this function returns.	1535	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1536	when this function returns.
1140		1537
		1538	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1539	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1540
1141	=cut	1541	=cut
		1542
		1543	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1142		1544
1143	sub starttls {	1545	sub starttls {
1144	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1546	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1145		1547
1146	$self->stoptls;	1548	require Net::SSLeay;
1147		1549
1148	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1550	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1149	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1551	if $self->{tls};
1150	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1552
1151	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1553	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1152	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1554	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1153	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1555
		1556	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1557
		1558	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1559	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1560
		1561	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context
		1562
		1563	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1564	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1565	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1566	} else {
		1567	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1568	}
		1569	}
1154	}	1570
1155		1571	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1156	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1572	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1157		1573
1158	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1574	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1159	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1575	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1160	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1576	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1161	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1577	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1162	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1578	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1579	#
		1580	# in short: this is a mess.
		1581	#
		1582	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1583	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1584	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1585	# have identity issues in that area.
1163	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1586	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1164	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1587	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1165	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1588	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1589	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1166		1590
1167	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1591	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1168	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1592	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1169		1593
1170	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1594	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1171		1595
1172	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1596	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1173	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1597	if $self->{on_starttls};
1174	&_dotls;	1598
1175	};	1599	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1176	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1600	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1177	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1178	&_dotls;
1179	};
1180	}	1601	}
1181		1602
1182	=item $handle->stoptls	1603	=item $handle->stoptls
1183		1604
1184	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1605	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1185	lost.	1606	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1607	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1608	afterwards.
1186		1609
1187	=cut	1610	=cut
1188		1611
1189	sub stoptls {	1612	sub stoptls {
1190	my ($self) = @_;	1613	my ($self) = @_;
1191		1614
1192	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1615	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1616	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1193		1617
1194	delete $self->{_rbio};	1618	&_dotls;
1195	delete $self->{_wbio};	1619
1196	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1620	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1197	delete $self->{filter_r};	1621	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1198	delete $self->{filter_w};	1622	# &_freetls;#d#
		1623	}
		1624	}
		1625
		1626	sub _freetls {
		1627	my ($self) = @_;
		1628
		1629	return unless $self->{tls};
		1630
		1631	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1632
		1633	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1199	}	1634	}
1200		1635
1201	sub DESTROY {	1636	sub DESTROY {
1202	my $self = shift;	1637	my ($self) = @_;
1203		1638
1204	$self->stoptls;	1639	&_freetls;
		1640
		1641	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1642
		1643	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
		1644	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1645	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1646
		1647	my @linger;
		1648
		1649	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1650	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1651
		1652	if ($len > 0) {
		1653	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1654	} else {
		1655	@linger = (); # end
		1656	}
		1657	});
		1658	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1659	@linger = ();
		1660	});
		1661	}
		1662	}
		1663
		1664	=item $handle->destroy
		1665
		1666	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1667	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1668	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1669
		1670	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1671	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1672	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1673	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1674	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1675	that case.
		1676
		1677	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1678	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1679	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1680	reference cycles.
		1681
		1682	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1683	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1684
		1685	=cut
		1686
		1687	sub destroy {
		1688	my ($self) = @_;
		1689
		1690	$self->DESTROY;
		1691	%$self = ();
1205	}	1692	}
1206		1693
1207	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1694	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1208		1695
1209	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1696	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1210	default for TLS mode.	1697	for TLS mode.
1211		1698
1212	The context is created like this:	1699	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1213
1214	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1215	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1216	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1217
1218	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1219
1220	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1221		1700
1222	=cut	1701	=cut
1223		1702
1224	our $TLS_CTX;	1703	our $TLS_CTX;
1225		1704
1226	sub TLS_CTX() {	1705	sub TLS_CTX() {
1227	$TLS_CTX || do {	1706	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1228	require Net::SSLeay;	1707	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1229		1708
1230	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1709	new AnyEvent::TLS
1231	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1232	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1233
1234	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1235
1236	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1237
1238	$TLS_CTX
1239	}	1710	}
1240	}	1711	}
1241		1712
1242	=back	1713	=back
		1714
		1715
		1716	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1717
		1718	=over 4
		1719
		1720	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1721	still get further invocations!
		1722
		1723	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1724	read or write callbacks.
		1725
		1726	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1727	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1728	->destroy >> method.
		1729
		1730	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1731	reading?
		1732
		1733	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1734	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1735	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1736	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1737
		1738	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1739	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1740	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1741
		1742	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1743	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1744	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1745	C<destroy> method.
		1746
		1747	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1748
		1749	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1750	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1751	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1752	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1753
		1754	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1755	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1756	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1757	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1758	});
		1759
		1760	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1761	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1762	fact, all data has been received.
		1763
		1764	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1765	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1766	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1767	explicit QUIT command.
		1768
		1769	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1770	all data has been written?
		1771
		1772	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1773	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1774	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1775	written to the socket:
		1776
		1777	$handle->push_write (...);
		1778	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1779	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1780	undef $handle;
		1781	});
		1782
		1783	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1784	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1785
		1786	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1787
		1788	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1789	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1790	parameter:
		1791
		1792	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1793	my ($fh) = @_;
		1794
		1795	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1796	fh => $fh,
		1797	tls => "connect",
		1798	on_error => sub { ... };
		1799
		1800	$handle->push_write (...);
		1801	};
		1802
		1803	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1804
		1805	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1806	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1807	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1808
		1809	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1810
		1811	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1812	my ($fh) = @_;
		1813
		1814	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1815	fh => $fh,
		1816	peername => $host,
		1817	tls => "connect",
		1818	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1819	...
		1820
		1821	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1822	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1823	peername verification will be done.
		1824
		1825	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1826	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1827	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1828
		1829	tls_ctx => {
		1830	verify => 1,
		1831	verify_peername => "https",
		1832	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1833	},
		1834
		1835	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1836
		1837	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1838	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1839	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1840	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1841	nice program for that purpose).
		1842
		1843	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1844	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1845	file should then look like this:
		1846
		1847	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1848	...header data
		1849	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1850	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1851
		1852	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1853	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1854	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1855
		1856	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1857	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1858
		1859	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1860	my ($fh) = @_;
		1861
		1862	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1863	fh => $fh,
		1864	tls => "accept",
		1865	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1866	...
		1867
		1868	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1869	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1870
		1871	=back
		1872
1243		1873
1244	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1874	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1245		1875
1246	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1876	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1247		1877
…		…
1251	=over 4	1881	=over 4
1252		1882
1253	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1883	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1254		1884
1255	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1885	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1256	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1886	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1257	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1887	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1258		1888
1259	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1889	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1260		1890
1261	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1891	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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