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Revision 1.56 by root, Wed Jun 4 09:55:16 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.158 by root, Fri Jul 24 08:40:35 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.12;	16	our $VERSION = 4.86;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
…		…
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	50	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		51
		52	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		53	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
		54
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	55	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	56	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	57	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		58
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	59	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
…		…
60		61
61	=head1 METHODS	62	=head1 METHODS
62		63
63	=over 4	64	=over 4
64		65
65	=item B<new (%args)>	66	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		67
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	68	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		69
69	=over 4	70	=over 4
70		71
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	72	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72		73
		74	#=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		75
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
		80
		81	#=item connect => [$host, $service]
		82	#
		83	# You have to specify either this parameter, or C<connect>, below.
		84	#Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	#C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>.
		86	#
		87	#When this
77		88
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	89	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79		90
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	91	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	92	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82	connection cleanly.	93	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		94	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		95	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
83		96
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	97	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	98	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
86	waiting for data.	99	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		100	down.
87		101
		102	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		103	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		104
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	105	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		106
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	107	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	108	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	109	connect or a read error.
93		110
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	111	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	112	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		113	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		114	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		115	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
		116
		117	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		118	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		119	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		120	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		121
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	122	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	123	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	124	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		125	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		126
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	127	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	128	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		129	C<EPROTO>).
102		130
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	131	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	132	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	133	C<croak>.
106		134
107	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	135	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108		136
109	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	137	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110	and no read request is in the queue.	138	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		139	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		140	read buffer).
111		141
112	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	142	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	143	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		144	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		145	the beginning from it.
114		146
115	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	147	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
116	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	148	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
117	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	149	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
118	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	150	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
119		151
		152	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		153	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		154	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		155	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		156
120	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	157	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
121		158
122	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	159	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	160	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124		161
125	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	162	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		163
		164	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		165	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		166	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		167	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		168	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
126		169
127	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	170	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128		171
129	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	172	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
130	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	173	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
131	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	174	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
132	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	175	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
133		176
134	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	177	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	178	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	179	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	180	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		181	restart the timeout.
138		182
139	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	183	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140		184
141	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	185	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142		186
…		…
146		190
147	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	191	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148		192
149	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	193	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	194	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	195	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152		196
153	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	197	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	198	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	199	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	200	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157	isn't finished).	201	isn't finished).
158		202
		203	=item autocork => <boolean>
		204
		205	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		206	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		207	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		208	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		209	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		210	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		211
		212	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		213	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		214	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		215	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		216
		217	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		218
		219	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		220	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		221	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		222
		223	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		224	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		225
		226	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		227	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		228
159	=item read_size => <bytes>	229	=item read_size => <bytes>
160		230
161	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	231	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	232	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		233	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163		234
164	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	235	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165		236
166	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	237	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	238	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168	considered empty.	239	considered empty.
169		240
		241	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		242	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		243	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		244	is good in almost all cases.
		245
		246	=item linger => <seconds>
		247
		248	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		249	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		250	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		251	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		252	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		253
		254	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		255	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		256	help.
		257
		258	=item peername => $string
		259
		260	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		261	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		262
		263	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		264	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		265	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		266	C<undef>.
		267
170	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	268	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171		269
172	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	270	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	271	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174	data.	272	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		273
		274	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		275	appropriate error message.
175		276
176	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	277	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	278	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		279	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		280	to add the dependency yourself.
178		281
179	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	282	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180	connection, use C<connect> mode.	283	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		284	mode.
181		285
182	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	286	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	287	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	288	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185	AnyEvent::Handle.	289	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		290	object.
186		291
		292	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		293	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		294	away.
		295
		296	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		297	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		298	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		299	segmentation fault.
		300
187	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	301	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188		302
189	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	303	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
190		304
191	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	305	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
192	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	306	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	307	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194		308
		309	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		310	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		311	new TLS context object.
		312
		313	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		314
		315	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		316	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		317	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		318
		319	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		320	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		321
		322	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		323	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		324
		325	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		326	called, as normal.
		327
		328	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		329	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		330	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		331
		332	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		333
		334	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		335	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		336	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		337	on the handle.
		338
		339	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		340	callback.
		341
		342	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		343	underlying handle signals EOF.
		344
195	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	345	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196		346
197	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	347	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198		348
199	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	349	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	350	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		351	texts.
201		352
202	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	353	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	354	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204		355
205	=item filter_r => $cb
206
207	=item filter_w => $cb
208
209	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
210
211	=back	356	=back
212		357
213	=cut	358	=cut
214		359
215	sub new {	360	sub new {
216	my $class = shift;	361	my $class = shift;
217
218	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	362	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
219		363
220	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	364	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";
221		365
222	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	366	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
223
224	if ($self->{tls}) {
225	require Net::SSLeay;
226	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
227	}
228
229	# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
230	# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
231	# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
232	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233		367
234	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	368	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
235	$self->_timeout;	369	$self->_timeout;
236		370
		371	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		372
		373	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		374	if $self->{tls};
		375
		376	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		377
237	$self->start_read;	378	$self->start_read
		379	if $self->{on_read};
238		380
239	$self	381	$self->{fh} && $self
240	}	382	}
241		383
242	sub _shutdown {	384	#sub _shutdown {
243	my ($self) = @_;	385	# my ($self) = @_;
244		386	#
245	delete $self->{_tw};	387	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
246	delete $self->{_rw};	388	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
247	delete $self->{_ww};	389	#
248	delete $self->{fh};	390	# &_freetls;
249		391	#}
250	$self->stoptls;
251	}
252		392
253	sub _error {	393	sub _error {
254	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	394	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
255
256	$self->_shutdown
257	if $fatal;
258		395
259	$! = $errno;	396	$! = $errno;
		397	$message ||= "$!";
260		398
261	if ($self->{on_error}) {	399	if ($self->{on_error}) {
262	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	400	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
263	} else {	401	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		402	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		403	$self->destroy;
264	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	404	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
265	}	405	}
266	}	406	}
267		407
268	=item $fh = $handle->fh	408	=item $fh = $handle->fh
269		409
270	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	410	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
271		411
272	=cut	412	=cut
273		413
274	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	414	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
275		415
…		…
293	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	433	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
294	}	434	}
295		435
296	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	436	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
297		437
298	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	438	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
299	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	439	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
300	argument.	440	argument and method.
301		441
302	=cut	442	=cut
303		443
304	sub on_timeout {	444	sub on_timeout {
305	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	445	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		446	}
		447
		448	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		449
		450	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		451	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		452
		453	=cut
		454
		455	sub autocork {
		456	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		457	}
		458
		459	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		460
		461	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		462	the same name for details).
		463
		464	=cut
		465
		466	sub no_delay {
		467	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		468
		469	eval {
		470	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		471	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
		472	};
		473	}
		474
		475	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		476
		477	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		478
		479	=cut
		480
		481	sub on_starttls {
		482	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		483	}
		484
		485	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		486
		487	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		488
		489	=cut
		490
		491	sub on_starttls {
		492	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
306	}	493	}
307		494
308	#############################################################################	495	#############################################################################
309		496
310	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	497	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
336	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	523	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
337		524
338	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	525	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
339	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	526	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
340	} else {	527	} else {
341	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	528	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
342	}	529	}
343		530
344	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	531	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
345	return unless $self->{timeout};	532	return unless $self->{timeout};
346		533
…		…
388	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	575	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
389		576
390	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	577	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
391		578
392	$cb->($self)	579	$cb->($self)
393	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	580	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
394	}	581	}
395		582
396	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	583	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
397		584
398	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	585	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
409	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	596	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
410		597
411	my $cb = sub {	598	my $cb = sub {
412	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	599	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
413		600
414	if ($len >= 0) {	601	if (defined $len) {
415	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	602	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
416		603
417	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	604	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
418		605
419	$self->{on_drain}($self)	606	$self->{on_drain}($self)
420	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	607	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
421	&& $self->{on_drain};	608	&& $self->{on_drain};
422		609
423	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	610	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
424	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	611	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
425	$self->_error ($!, 1);	612	$self->_error ($!, 1);
426	}	613	}
427	};	614	};
428		615
429	# try to write data immediately	616	# try to write data immediately
430	$cb->();	617	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
431		618
432	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	619	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
433	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	620	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
434	if length $self->{wbuf};	621	if length $self->{wbuf};
435	};	622	};
…		…
449		636
450	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	637	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
451	->($self, @_);	638	->($self, @_);
452	}	639	}
453		640
454	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	641	if ($self->{tls}) {
455	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	642	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		643
		644	&_dotls ($self);
456	} else {	645	} else {
457	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	646	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
458	$self->_drain_wbuf;	647	$self->_drain_wbuf;
459	}	648	}
460	}	649	}
…		…
477	=cut	666	=cut
478		667
479	register_write_type netstring => sub {	668	register_write_type netstring => sub {
480	my ($self, $string) = @_;	669	my ($self, $string) = @_;
481		670
482	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	671	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		672	};
		673
		674	=item packstring => $format, $data
		675
		676	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		677	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		678	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		679	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		680
		681	=cut
		682
		683	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		684	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		685
		686	pack "$format/a*", $string
483	};	687	};
484		688
485	=item json => $array_or_hashref	689	=item json => $array_or_hashref
486		690
487	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	691	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
521		725
522	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	726	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
523	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	727	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
524	};	728	};
525		729
		730	=item storable => $reference
		731
		732	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		733	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		734
		735	=cut
		736
		737	register_write_type storable => sub {
		738	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		739
		740	require Storable;
		741
		742	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		743	};
		744
526	=back	745	=back
		746
		747	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		748
		749	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		750	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		751	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		752	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		753	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		754
		755	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		756
		757	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		758	the peer.
		759
		760	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		761	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		762
		763	=cut
		764
		765	sub push_shutdown {
		766	my ($self) = @_;
		767
		768	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		769	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		770	}
527		771
528	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	772	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
529		773
530	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	774	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
531	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	775	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
552	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	796	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
553	a queue.	797	a queue.
554		798
555	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	799	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
556	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	800	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
557	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	801	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
558	or not.	802	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		803	partial message has been received so far).
559		804
560	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	805	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
561	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	806	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
562	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	807	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
563	below).	808	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
564		809
565	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	810	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
566	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	811	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
567		812
568	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	813	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
…		…
581	# handle xml	826	# handle xml
582	});	827	});
583	});	828	});
584	});	829	});
585		830
586	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	831	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
587	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	832	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
588	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	833	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
589	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	834	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
590	the callbacks:	835	in the callbacks.
591		836
592	# request one	837	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		838	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		839	64-byte chunk callback.
		840
		841	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
593	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	842	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
594		843
595	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	844	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
596	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	845	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
597	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	846	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
604	...	853	...
605	});	854	});
606	}	855	}
607	});	856	});
608		857
609	# request two	858	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
610	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	859	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
611		860
612	# simply read 64 bytes, always	861	# simply read 64 bytes, always
613	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	862	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
614	my $response = $_[1];	863	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
620	=cut	869	=cut
621		870
622	sub _drain_rbuf {	871	sub _drain_rbuf {
623	my ($self) = @_;	872	my ($self) = @_;
624		873
		874	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
		875
625	if (	876	if (
626	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	877	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
627	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	878	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
628	) {	879	) {
629	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	880	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
630	}	881	}
631		882
632	return if $self->{in_drain};	883	while () {
633	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	884	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		885	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		886	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf} if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
634		887
635	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	888	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
636	no strict 'refs';	889
637	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	890	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
638	unless ($cb->($self)) {	891	unless ($cb->($self)) {
639	if ($self->{_eof}) {	892	if ($self->{_eof}) {
640	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	893	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
641	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);	894	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
642	}	895	}
643		896
644	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	897	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
645	last;	898	last;
646	}	899	}
647	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	900	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		901	last unless $len;
		902
648	$self->{on_read}($self);	903	$self->{on_read}($self);
649		904
650	if (	905	if (
651	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed	906	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
652	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	907	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	908	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
654	) {	909	) {
655	# no further data will arrive	910	# no further data will arrive
656	# so no progress can be made	911	# so no progress can be made
657	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1)	912	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
658	if $self->{_eof};	913	if $self->{_eof};
659		914
660	last; # more data might arrive	915	last; # more data might arrive
661	}	916	}
662	} else {	917	} else {
663	# read side becomes idle	918	# read side becomes idle
664	delete $self->{_rw};	919	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
665	last;	920	last;
666	}	921	}
667	}	922	}
668		923
		924	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		925	if ($self->{on_eof}) {
669	$self->{on_eof}($self)	926	$self->{on_eof}($self)
670	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	927	} else {
		928	$self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		929	}
		930	}
671		931
672	# may need to restart read watcher	932	# may need to restart read watcher
673	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	933	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
674	$self->start_read	934	$self->start_read
675	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	935	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
686		946
687	sub on_read {	947	sub on_read {
688	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	948	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
689		949
690	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	950	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
		951	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
691	}	952	}
692		953
693	=item $handle->rbuf	954	=item $handle->rbuf
694		955
695	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	956	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
696		957
697	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	958	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
698	you want.	959	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		960	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		961	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		962	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
699		963
700	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	964	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
701	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	965	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
702	automatically manage the read buffer.	966	automatically manage the read buffer.
703		967
…		…
744	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1008	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
745	->($self, $cb, @_);	1009	->($self, $cb, @_);
746	}	1010	}
747		1011
748	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1012	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
749	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1013	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
750	}	1014	}
751		1015
752	sub unshift_read {	1016	sub unshift_read {
753	my $self = shift;	1017	my $self = shift;
754	my $cb = pop;	1018	my $cb = pop;
…		…
760	->($self, $cb, @_);	1024	->($self, $cb, @_);
761	}	1025	}
762		1026
763		1027
764	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1028	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
765	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1029	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
766	}	1030	}
767		1031
768	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1032	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
769		1033
770	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1034	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
800	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1064	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
801	1	1065	1
802	}	1066	}
803	};	1067	};
804		1068
805	# compatibility with older API
806	sub push_read_chunk {
807	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
808	}
809
810	sub unshift_read_chunk {
811	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
812	}
813
814	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1069	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
815		1070
816	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1071	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
817	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1072	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
818	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1073	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
833	=cut	1088	=cut
834		1089
835	register_read_type line => sub {	1090	register_read_type line => sub {
836	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1091	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
837		1092
838	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1093	if (@_ < 3) {
839	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1094	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
840	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
841
842	sub {	1095	sub {
843	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1096	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
844		1097
845	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1098	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
846	1
847	}
848	};
849
850	# compatibility with older API
851	sub push_read_line {
852	my $self = shift;
853	$self->push_read (line => @_);
854	}
855
856	sub unshift_read_line {
857	my $self = shift;
858	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
859	}
860
861	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
862
863	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
864
865	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
866
867	=cut
868
869	register_read_type netstring => sub {
870	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
871
872	sub {
873	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
874	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
875	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
876	}	1099	1
877	return;
878	}	1100	}
		1101	} else {
		1102	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1103	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
879		1104
880	my $len = $1;	1105	sub {
		1106	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
881		1107
882	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1108	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
883	my $string = $_[1];
884	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
885	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
886	$cb->($_[0], $string);
887	} else {
888	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
889	}
890	});	1109	1
891	});	1110	}
892
893	1
894	}	1111	}
895	};	1112	};
896		1113
897	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1114	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
898		1115
…		…
950	return 1;	1167	return 1;
951	}	1168	}
952		1169
953	# reject	1170	# reject
954	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1171	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
955	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1172	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
956	}	1173	}
957		1174
958	# skip	1175	# skip
959	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1176	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
960	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1177	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
962		1179
963	()	1180	()
964	}	1181	}
965	};	1182	};
966		1183
		1184	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1185
		1186	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1187
		1188	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1189
		1190	=cut
		1191
		1192	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1193	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1194
		1195	sub {
		1196	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1197	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1198	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1199	}
		1200	return;
		1201	}
		1202
		1203	my $len = $1;
		1204
		1205	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1206	my $string = $_[1];
		1207	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1208	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1209	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1210	} else {
		1211	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1212	}
		1213	});
		1214	});
		1215
		1216	1
		1217	}
		1218	};
		1219
		1220	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1221
		1222	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1223	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1224	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1225	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1226
		1227	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1228	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1229
		1230	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1231	format (very efficient).
		1232
		1233	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1234	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1235	});
		1236
		1237	=cut
		1238
		1239	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1240	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1241
		1242	sub {
		1243	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1244	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1245	or return;
		1246
		1247	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1248
		1249	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1250	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1251	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1252	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1253	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1254	} else {
		1255	# remove prefix
		1256	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1257
		1258	# read remaining chunk
		1259	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1260	}
		1261
		1262	1
		1263	}
		1264	};
		1265
967	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1266	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
968		1267
969	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1268	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1269	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
970		1270
971	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1271	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
972	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1272	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
973		1273
974	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1274	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
981	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1281	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
982		1282
983	=cut	1283	=cut
984		1284
985	register_read_type json => sub {	1285	register_read_type json => sub {
986	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1286	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
987		1287
988	require JSON;	1288	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1289	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1290	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
989		1291
990	my $data;	1292	my $data;
991	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1293	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
992		1294
993	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
994
995	sub {	1295	sub {
996	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1296	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
997		1297
998	if ($ref) {	1298	if ($ref) {
999	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1299	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1000	$json->incr_text = "";	1300	$json->incr_text = "";
1001	$cb->($self, $ref);	1301	$cb->($self, $ref);
1002		1302
1003	1	1303	1
		1304	} elsif ($@) {
		1305	# error case
		1306	$json->incr_skip;
		1307
		1308	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1309	$json->incr_text = "";
		1310
		1311	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1312
		1313	()
1004	} else {	1314	} else {
1005	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1315	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1316
1006	()	1317	()
1007	}	1318	}
		1319	}
		1320	};
		1321
		1322	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1323
		1324	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1325	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1326	data).
		1327
		1328	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1329
		1330	=cut
		1331
		1332	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1333	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1334
		1335	require Storable;
		1336
		1337	sub {
		1338	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1339	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1340	or return;
		1341
		1342	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1343
		1344	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1345	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1346	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1347	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1348	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1349	} else {
		1350	# remove prefix
		1351	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1352
		1353	# read remaining chunk
		1354	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1355	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1356	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1357	} else {
		1358	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1359	}
		1360	});
		1361	}
		1362
		1363	1
1008	}	1364	}
1009	};	1365	};
1010		1366
1011	=back	1367	=back
1012		1368
…		…
1033	=item $handle->stop_read	1389	=item $handle->stop_read
1034		1390
1035	=item $handle->start_read	1391	=item $handle->start_read
1036		1392
1037	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the	1393	In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1038	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no	1394	socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1039	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call	1395	any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1040	C<start_read>.	1396	C<start_read>.
1041		1397
1042	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1398	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1043	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1399	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1044	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1400	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1045	there are any read requests in the queue.	1401	there are any read requests in the queue.
1046		1402
		1403	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1404	half-duplex connections).
		1405
1047	=cut	1406	=cut
1048		1407
1049	sub stop_read {	1408	sub stop_read {
1050	my ($self) = @_;	1409	my ($self) = @_;
1051		1410
1052	delete $self->{_rw};	1411	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1053	}	1412	}
1054		1413
1055	sub start_read {	1414	sub start_read {
1056	my ($self) = @_;	1415	my ($self) = @_;
1057		1416
1058	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1417	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1059	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1418	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1060		1419
1061	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1420	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1062	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1421	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1063	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1422	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1064		1423
1065	if ($len > 0) {	1424	if ($len > 0) {
1066	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1425	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1067		1426
1068	$self->{filter_r}	1427	if ($self->{tls}) {
1069	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1428	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1070	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1429
		1430	&_dotls ($self);
		1431	} else {
		1432	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1433	}
1071		1434
1072	} elsif (defined $len) {	1435	} elsif (defined $len) {
1073	delete $self->{_rw};	1436	delete $self->{_rw};
1074	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1437	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1075	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1438	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1076		1439
1077	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1440	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1078	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1441	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1079	}	1442	}
1080	});	1443	});
1081	}	1444	}
1082	}	1445	}
1083		1446
		1447	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1448	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1449
		1450	sub _tls_error {
		1451	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1452
		1453	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1454	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1455
		1456	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1457
		1458	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1459	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1460
		1461	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1462	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1463	&_freetls;
		1464	} else {
		1465	&_freetls;
		1466	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1467	}
		1468	}
		1469
		1470	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1471	# also decode read data if possible
		1472	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1473	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1474	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1084	sub _dotls {	1475	sub _dotls {
1085	my ($self) = @_;	1476	my ($self) = @_;
1086		1477
1087	my $buf;	1478	my $tmp;
1088		1479
1089	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1480	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1090	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1481	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1091	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1482	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1092	}	1483	}
1093	}
1094		1484
		1485	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1486	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1487	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1488	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1489	}
		1490
		1491	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1492	unless (length $tmp) {
		1493	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1494	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1495	&_freetls;
		1496
		1497	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1498	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1499	return;
		1500	} else {
		1501	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1502	delete $self->{_rw};
		1503	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1504	}
		1505	}
		1506
		1507	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1508	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
		1509	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1510	}
		1511
		1512	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1513	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1514	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1515	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1516
1095	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1517	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1096	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1518	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1097	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1519	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1098	}	1520	}
1099		1521
1100	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1522	$self->{_on_starttls}
1101	if (length $buf) {	1523	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1102	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1524	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1103	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1104	} else {
1105	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1106	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1107	$self->_shutdown;
1108	return;
1109	}
1110	}
1111
1112	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1113
1114	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1115	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1116	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1117	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1118	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1119	}
1120
1121	# all others are fine for our purposes
1122	}
1123	}	1525	}
1124		1526
1125	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1527	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1126		1528
1127	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1529	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1128	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1530	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1129	C<starttls>.	1531	C<starttls>.
1130		1532
		1533	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1534	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1535	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1536
1131	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1537	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1132	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1538	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1133		1539
1134	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1540	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1135	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1541	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1542	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1543	construct a new context.
1136		1544
1137	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1545	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1138	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1546	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1139	might have already started when this function returns.	1547	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1548	when this function returns.
1140		1549
		1550	If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
		1551	AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
		1552
1141	=cut	1553	=cut
		1554
		1555	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1142		1556
1143	sub starttls {	1557	sub starttls {
1144	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1558	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1145		1559
1146	$self->stoptls;	1560	require Net::SSLeay;
1147		1561
1148	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1562	Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an AnyEvent::Handle object"
1149	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1563	if $self->{tls};
1150	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1564
1151	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1565	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
1152	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1566	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
1153	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1567
		1568	$ctx ||= $self->{tls_ctx};
		1569
		1570	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1571
		1572	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1573	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1574
		1575	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1576	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1577	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1578	} else {
		1579	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1580	}
		1581	}
1154	}	1582
1155		1583	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1156	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1584	$self->{tls} = $ssl = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($ssl, $self, $self->{peername});
1157		1585
1158	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1586	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1159	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1587	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1160	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1588	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1161	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1589	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1162	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1590	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1591	#
		1592	# in short: this is a mess.
		1593	#
		1594	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1595	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1596	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1597	# have identity issues in that area.
1163	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1598	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1164	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1599	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1165	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1600	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1601	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl, 1|2);
1166		1602
1167	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1603	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1168	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1604	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1169		1605
1170	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1606	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1171		1607
1172	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1608	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1173	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1609	if $self->{on_starttls};
1174	&_dotls;	1610
1175	};	1611	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1176	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1612	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1177	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1178	&_dotls;
1179	};
1180	}	1613	}
1181		1614
1182	=item $handle->stoptls	1615	=item $handle->stoptls
1183		1616
1184	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1617	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1185	lost.	1618	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1619	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
		1620	afterwards.
1186		1621
1187	=cut	1622	=cut
1188		1623
1189	sub stoptls {	1624	sub stoptls {
1190	my ($self) = @_;	1625	my ($self) = @_;
1191		1626
1192	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1627	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1628	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1193		1629
1194	delete $self->{_rbio};	1630	&_dotls;
1195	delete $self->{_wbio};	1631
1196	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1632	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1197	delete $self->{filter_r};	1633	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1198	delete $self->{filter_w};	1634	# &_freetls;#d#
		1635	}
		1636	}
		1637
		1638	sub _freetls {
		1639	my ($self) = @_;
		1640
		1641	return unless $self->{tls};
		1642
		1643	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls});
		1644
		1645	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1199	}	1646	}
1200		1647
1201	sub DESTROY {	1648	sub DESTROY {
1202	my $self = shift;	1649	my ($self) = @_;
1203		1650
1204	$self->stoptls;	1651	&_freetls;
		1652
		1653	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1654
		1655	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1656	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1657	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1658
		1659	my @linger;
		1660
		1661	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1662	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1663
		1664	if ($len > 0) {
		1665	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1666	} else {
		1667	@linger = (); # end
		1668	}
		1669	});
		1670	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1671	@linger = ();
		1672	});
		1673	}
		1674	}
		1675
		1676	=item $handle->destroy
		1677
		1678	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1679	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1680	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1681
		1682	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1683	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1684	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1685	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1686	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1687	that case.
		1688
		1689	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1690	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1691	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1692	reference cycles.
		1693
		1694	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1695	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1696
		1697	=cut
		1698
		1699	sub destroy {
		1700	my ($self) = @_;
		1701
		1702	$self->DESTROY;
		1703	%$self = ();
1205	}	1704	}
1206		1705
1207	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1706	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1208		1707
1209	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1708	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1210	default for TLS mode.	1709	for TLS mode.
1211		1710
1212	The context is created like this:	1711	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1213
1214	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1215	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1216	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1217
1218	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1219
1220	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1221		1712
1222	=cut	1713	=cut
1223		1714
1224	our $TLS_CTX;	1715	our $TLS_CTX;
1225		1716
1226	sub TLS_CTX() {	1717	sub TLS_CTX() {
1227	$TLS_CTX || do {	1718	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1228	require Net::SSLeay;	1719	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1229		1720
1230	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1721	new AnyEvent::TLS
1231	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1232	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1233
1234	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1235
1236	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1237
1238	$TLS_CTX
1239	}	1722	}
1240	}	1723	}
1241		1724
1242	=back	1725	=back
		1726
		1727
		1728	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1729
		1730	=over 4
		1731
		1732	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1733	still get further invocations!
		1734
		1735	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1736	read or write callbacks.
		1737
		1738	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1739	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1740	->destroy >> method.
		1741
		1742	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1743	reading?
		1744
		1745	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1746	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1747	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1748	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1749
		1750	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1751	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1752	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1753
		1754	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1755	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1756	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1757	C<destroy> method.
		1758
		1759	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1760
		1761	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1762	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1763	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1764	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1765
		1766	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1767	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1768	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1769	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1770	});
		1771
		1772	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1773	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1774	fact, all data has been received.
		1775
		1776	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1777	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1778	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1779	explicit QUIT command.
		1780
		1781	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1782	all data has been written?
		1783
		1784	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1785	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1786	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1787	written to the socket:
		1788
		1789	$handle->push_write (...);
		1790	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1791	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1792	undef $handle;
		1793	});
		1794
		1795	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1796	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1797
		1798	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1799
		1800	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1801	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1802	parameter:
		1803
		1804	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1805	my ($fh) = @_;
		1806
		1807	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1808	fh => $fh,
		1809	tls => "connect",
		1810	on_error => sub { ... };
		1811
		1812	$handle->push_write (...);
		1813	};
		1814
		1815	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1816
		1817	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1818	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1819	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1820
		1821	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1822
		1823	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1824	my ($fh) = @_;
		1825
		1826	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1827	fh => $fh,
		1828	peername => $host,
		1829	tls => "connect",
		1830	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1831	...
		1832
		1833	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1834	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1835	peername verification will be done.
		1836
		1837	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1838	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1839	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1840
		1841	tls_ctx => {
		1842	verify => 1,
		1843	verify_peername => "https",
		1844	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1845	},
		1846
		1847	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1848
		1849	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1850	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1851	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1852	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1853	nice program for that purpose).
		1854
		1855	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1856	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1857	file should then look like this:
		1858
		1859	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1860	...header data
		1861	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1862	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1863
		1864	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1865	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1866	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1867
		1868	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		1869	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		1870
		1871	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		1872	my ($fh) = @_;
		1873
		1874	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1875	fh => $fh,
		1876	tls => "accept",
		1877	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		1878	...
		1879
		1880	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		1881	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		1882
		1883	=back
		1884
1243		1885
1244	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	1886	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1245		1887
1246	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	1888	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1247		1889
…		…
1251	=over 4	1893	=over 4
1252		1894
1253	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	1895	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1254		1896
1255	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	1897	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1256	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	1898	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1257	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	1899	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1258		1900
1259	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	1901	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1260		1902
1261	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	1903	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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