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Revision 1.56 by root, Wed Jun 4 09:55:16 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.92 by root, Wed Oct 1 08:52:06 2008 UTC

1package AnyEvent::Handle; 1package AnyEvent::Handle;
2 2
3no warnings; 3no warnings;
4use strict; 4use strict qw(subs vars);
5 5
6use AnyEvent (); 6use AnyEvent ();
7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK); 7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8use Scalar::Util (); 8use Scalar::Util ();
9use Carp (); 9use Carp ();
14 14
15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent 15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16 16
17=cut 17=cut
18 18
19our $VERSION = 4.12; 19our $VERSION = 4.3;
20 20
21=head1 SYNOPSIS 21=head1 SYNOPSIS
22 22
23 use AnyEvent; 23 use AnyEvent;
24 use AnyEvent::Handle; 24 use AnyEvent::Handle;
49 49
50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on 50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts 51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>. 52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53 53
54The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56
54In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this 57In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their 58means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56treatment of characters applies to this module as well. 59treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57 60
58All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first 61All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59argument. 62argument.
60 63
64=head2 SIGPIPE is not handled by this module
65
66SIGPIPE is not handled by this module, so one of the practical
67requirements of using it is to ignore SIGPIPE (C<$SIG{PIPE} =
68'IGNORE'>). At least, this is highly recommend in a networked program: If
69you use AnyEvent::Handle in a filter program (like sort), exiting on
70SIGPIPE is probably the right thing to do.
71
61=head1 METHODS 72=head1 METHODS
62 73
63=over 4 74=over 4
64 75
65=item B<new (%args)> 76=item B<new (%args)>
70 81
71=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY] 82=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72 83
73The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on. 84The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74 85
75NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using 86NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking). 87C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
88that mode.
77 89
78=item on_eof => $cb->($handle) 90=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79 91
80Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted, 92Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
81i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the 93i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
82connection cleanly. 94connection cleanly.
83 95
96For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
97you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof
98callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
99down.
100
84While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback, 101While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,
85otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still 102otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
86waiting for data. 103waiting for data.
104
105If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
106set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
87 107
88=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal) 108=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
89 109
90This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error 110This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to 111occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92connect or a read error. 112connect or a read error.
93 113
94Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On 114Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be 115fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
116(but you are free to look at the current C<< ->rbuf >>). Examples of fatal
117errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
118(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
119
96usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is 120Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle 121to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98object when this callback is invoked. 122when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
123C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99 124
100On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system 125On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>). 126error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
102 127
103While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as 128While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
105C<croak>. 130C<croak>.
106 131
107=item on_read => $cb->($handle) 132=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108 133
109This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives 134This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110and no read request is in the queue. 135and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
136callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
137read buffer).
111 138
112To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >> 139To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly. 140method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.
114 141
115When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to 142When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
122This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty 149This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already). 150(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124 151
125To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method. 152To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
126 153
154This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
155into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
156of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
157memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
158the file when the write queue becomes empty.
159
127=item timeout => $fractional_seconds 160=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128 161
129If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many 162If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
130seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file 163seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
131handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is 164handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
132missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised). 165missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
133 166
134Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have 167Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection 168any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout 169idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137in the C<on_timeout> callback. 170in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
171restart the timeout.
138 172
139Zero (the default) disables this timeout. 173Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140 174
141=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle) 175=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142 176
146 180
147=item rbuf_max => <bytes> 181=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148 182
149If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>) 183If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to 184when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151avoid denial-of-service attacks. 185avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152 186
153For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should 187For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on 188be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited 189(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line 190amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157isn't finished). 191isn't finished).
158 192
193=item autocork => <boolean>
194
195When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
196write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
197a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
198be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
199disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
200C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
201
202When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
203iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
204but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
205the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
206
207=item no_delay => <boolean>
208
209When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
210wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
211the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
212
213In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
214accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
215
216The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
217enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
218
159=item read_size => <bytes> 219=item read_size => <bytes>
160 220
161The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read 221The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>. 222try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
223requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163 224
164=item low_water_mark => <bytes> 225=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165 226
166Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write 227Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is 228buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168considered empty. 229considered empty.
169 230
231Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
232the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
233the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
234is good in almost all cases.
235
236=item linger => <seconds>
237
238If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
239AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
240write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
241socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
242system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
243
244This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
245yet. This data will be lost.
246
170=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object 247=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171 248
172When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it 249When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt 250AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174data. 251established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
175 252
176TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded 253TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177automatically when you try to create a TLS handle). 254automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
255have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
256to add the dependency yourself.
178 257
179For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a 258Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180connection, use C<connect> mode. 259C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
260mode.
181 261
182You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have 262You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state> 263to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to 264or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185AnyEvent::Handle. 265AnyEvent::Handle.
186 266
187See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later. 267See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188 268
189=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx 269=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx
190 270
191Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection 271Use the given C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object to create the new TLS connection
192(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is 272(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>. 273missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194 274
195=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object 275=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196 276
197This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types. 277This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198 278
199If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a 279If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts. 280suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
281texts.
201 282
202Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to 283Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself. 284use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204 285
205=item filter_r => $cb 286=item filter_r => $cb
206 287
207=item filter_w => $cb 288=item filter_w => $cb
208 289
209These exist, but are undocumented at this time. 290These exist, but are undocumented at this time. (They are used internally
291by the TLS code).
210 292
211=back 293=back
212 294
213=cut 295=cut
214 296
224 if ($self->{tls}) { 306 if ($self->{tls}) {
225 require Net::SSLeay; 307 require Net::SSLeay;
226 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx}); 308 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
227 } 309 }
228 310
229# $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; # nop
230# $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; # nop
231# $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; # nop
232 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233
234 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now; 311 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
235 $self->_timeout; 312 $self->_timeout;
236 313
314 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
315 $self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
316
237 $self->start_read; 317 $self->start_read
318 if $self->{on_read};
238 319
239 $self 320 $self
240} 321}
241 322
242sub _shutdown { 323sub _shutdown {
245 delete $self->{_tw}; 326 delete $self->{_tw};
246 delete $self->{_rw}; 327 delete $self->{_rw};
247 delete $self->{_ww}; 328 delete $self->{_ww};
248 delete $self->{fh}; 329 delete $self->{fh};
249 330
250 $self->stoptls; 331 &_freetls;
332
333 delete $self->{on_read};
334 delete $self->{_queue};
251} 335}
252 336
253sub _error { 337sub _error {
254 my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_; 338 my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;
255 339
265 } 349 }
266} 350}
267 351
268=item $fh = $handle->fh 352=item $fh = $handle->fh
269 353
270This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object. 354This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
271 355
272=cut 356=cut
273 357
274sub fh { $_[0]{fh} } 358sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
275 359
293 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1]; 377 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
294} 378}
295 379
296=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb) 380=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
297 381
298Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback 382Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
299(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor 383not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
300argument. 384argument and method.
301 385
302=cut 386=cut
303 387
304sub on_timeout { 388sub on_timeout {
305 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1]; 389 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
390}
391
392=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
393
394Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
395constructor argument).
396
397=cut
398
399=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
400
401Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
402the same name for details).
403
404=cut
405
406sub no_delay {
407 $_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
408
409 eval {
410 local $SIG{__DIE__};
411 setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
412 };
306} 413}
307 414
308############################################################################# 415#############################################################################
309 416
310=item $handle->timeout ($seconds) 417=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
425 $self->_error ($!, 1); 532 $self->_error ($!, 1);
426 } 533 }
427 }; 534 };
428 535
429 # try to write data immediately 536 # try to write data immediately
430 $cb->(); 537 $cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
431 538
432 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll 539 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
433 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb) 540 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
434 if length $self->{wbuf}; 541 if length $self->{wbuf};
435 }; 542 };
480 my ($self, $string) = @_; 587 my ($self, $string) = @_;
481 588
482 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string 589 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string
483}; 590};
484 591
592=item packstring => $format, $data
593
594An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
595uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
596integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
597optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
598
599=cut
600
601register_write_type packstring => sub {
602 my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
603
604 pack "$format/a*", $string
605};
606
485=item json => $array_or_hashref 607=item json => $array_or_hashref
486 608
487Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you 609Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
488provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text 610provide your own JSON object, this means it will be encoded to JSON text
489in UTF-8. 611in UTF-8.
521 643
522 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref) 644 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
523 : JSON::encode_json ($ref) 645 : JSON::encode_json ($ref)
524}; 646};
525 647
648=item storable => $reference
649
650Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
651handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
652
653=cut
654
655register_write_type storable => sub {
656 my ($self, $ref) = @_;
657
658 require Storable;
659
660 pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
661};
662
526=back 663=back
527 664
528=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args) 665=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
529 666
530This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>. 667This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
552ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using 689ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
553a queue. 690a queue.
554 691
555In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever 692In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
556new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if 693new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
557enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want 694enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
558or not. 695leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
696partial message has been received so far).
559 697
560In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this 698In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
561case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new 699case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
562data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>, 700data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
563below). 701done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
564 702
565This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading 703This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
566a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order. 704a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
567 705
568Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by 706Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
581 # handle xml 719 # handle xml
582 }); 720 });
583 }); 721 });
584 }); 722 });
585 723
586Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with 724Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
587"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the 725and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
588second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just 726bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
589pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in 727just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
590the callbacks: 728in the callbacks.
591 729
592 # request one 730When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
731C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
73264-byte chunk callback.
733
734 # request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
593 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012"); 735 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
594 736
595 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read 737 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
596 $handle->push_read (line => sub { 738 $handle->push_read (line => sub {
597 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line, 739 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
604 ... 746 ...
605 }); 747 });
606 } 748 }
607 }); 749 });
608 750
609 # request two 751 # request two, simply returns 64 octets
610 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012"); 752 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
611 753
612 # simply read 64 bytes, always 754 # simply read 64 bytes, always
613 $handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub { 755 $handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
614 my $response = $_[1]; 756 my $response = $_[1];
620=cut 762=cut
621 763
622sub _drain_rbuf { 764sub _drain_rbuf {
623 my ($self) = @_; 765 my ($self) = @_;
624 766
767 local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
768
625 if ( 769 if (
626 defined $self->{rbuf_max} 770 defined $self->{rbuf_max}
627 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf} 771 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
628 ) { 772 ) {
629 return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1); 773 $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
630 } 774 }
631 775
632 return if $self->{in_drain}; 776 while () {
633 local $self->{in_drain} = 1;
634
635 while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) { 777 my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
636 no strict 'refs'; 778
637 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) { 779 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
638 unless ($cb->($self)) { 780 unless ($cb->($self)) {
639 if ($self->{_eof}) { 781 if ($self->{_eof}) {
640 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming) 782 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
641 return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1); 783 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
642 } 784 }
643 785
644 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 786 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
645 last; 787 last;
646 } 788 }
647 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) { 789 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
790 last unless $len;
791
648 $self->{on_read}($self); 792 $self->{on_read}($self);
649 793
650 if ( 794 if (
651 $len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed 795 $len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
652 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty 796 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
653 && $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read 797 && $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
654 ) { 798 ) {
655 # no further data will arrive 799 # no further data will arrive
656 # so no progress can be made 800 # so no progress can be made
657 return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1) 801 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
658 if $self->{_eof}; 802 if $self->{_eof};
659 803
660 last; # more data might arrive 804 last; # more data might arrive
661 } 805 }
662 } else { 806 } else {
664 delete $self->{_rw}; 808 delete $self->{_rw};
665 last; 809 last;
666 } 810 }
667 } 811 }
668 812
813 if ($self->{_eof}) {
814 if ($self->{on_eof}) {
669 $self->{on_eof}($self) 815 $self->{on_eof}($self)
670 if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof}; 816 } else {
817 $self->_error (0, 1);
818 }
819 }
671 820
672 # may need to restart read watcher 821 # may need to restart read watcher
673 unless ($self->{_rw}) { 822 unless ($self->{_rw}) {
674 $self->start_read 823 $self->start_read
675 if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} }; 824 if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
686 835
687sub on_read { 836sub on_read {
688 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 837 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
689 838
690 $self->{on_read} = $cb; 839 $self->{on_read} = $cb;
840 $self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
691} 841}
692 842
693=item $handle->rbuf 843=item $handle->rbuf
694 844
695Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). 845Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
744 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read") 894 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
745 ->($self, $cb, @_); 895 ->($self, $cb, @_);
746 } 896 }
747 897
748 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 898 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
749 $self->_drain_rbuf; 899 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
750} 900}
751 901
752sub unshift_read { 902sub unshift_read {
753 my $self = shift; 903 my $self = shift;
754 my $cb = pop; 904 my $cb = pop;
760 ->($self, $cb, @_); 910 ->($self, $cb, @_);
761 } 911 }
762 912
763 913
764 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 914 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
765 $self->_drain_rbuf; 915 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
766} 916}
767 917
768=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb) 918=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
769 919
770=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb) 920=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
800 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""); 950 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
801 1 951 1
802 } 952 }
803}; 953};
804 954
805# compatibility with older API
806sub push_read_chunk {
807 $_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
808}
809
810sub unshift_read_chunk {
811 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
812}
813
814=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol) 955=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
815 956
816The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of 957The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
817line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line 958line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
818marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and 959marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
833=cut 974=cut
834 975
835register_read_type line => sub { 976register_read_type line => sub {
836 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_; 977 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
837 978
838 $eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3; 979 if (@_ < 3) {
839 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol; 980 # this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
840 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
841
842 sub { 981 sub {
843 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return; 982 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
844 983
845 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2); 984 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
846 1
847 }
848};
849
850# compatibility with older API
851sub push_read_line {
852 my $self = shift;
853 $self->push_read (line => @_);
854}
855
856sub unshift_read_line {
857 my $self = shift;
858 $self->unshift_read (line => @_);
859}
860
861=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
862
863A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
864
865Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
866
867=cut
868
869register_read_type netstring => sub {
870 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
871
872 sub {
873 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
874 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
875 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
876 } 985 1
877 return;
878 } 986 }
987 } else {
988 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
989 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
879 990
880 my $len = $1; 991 sub {
992 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
881 993
882 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub { 994 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
883 my $string = $_[1];
884 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
885 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
886 $cb->($_[0], $string);
887 } else {
888 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
889 }
890 }); 995 1
891 }); 996 }
892
893 1
894 } 997 }
895}; 998};
896 999
897=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data) 1000=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
898 1001
962 1065
963 () 1066 ()
964 } 1067 }
965}; 1068};
966 1069
1070=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
1071
1072A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
1073
1074Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
1075
1076=cut
1077
1078register_read_type netstring => sub {
1079 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1080
1081 sub {
1082 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1083 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1084 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1085 }
1086 return;
1087 }
1088
1089 my $len = $1;
1090
1091 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1092 my $string = $_[1];
1093 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1094 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1095 $cb->($_[0], $string);
1096 } else {
1097 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1098 }
1099 });
1100 });
1101
1102 1
1103 }
1104};
1105
1106=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
1107
1108An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1109uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1110integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1111optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1112
1113DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.
1114
1115Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1116format (very efficient).
1117
1118 $handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
1119 my ($handle, $data) = @_;
1120 });
1121
1122=cut
1123
1124register_read_type packstring => sub {
1125 my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1126
1127 sub {
1128 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1129 defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1130 or return;
1131
1132 $format = length pack $format, $len;
1133
1134 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1135 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1136 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1137 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1138 $cb->($_[0], $data);
1139 } else {
1140 # remove prefix
1141 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1142
1143 # read remaining chunk
1144 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
1145 }
1146
1147 1
1148 }
1149};
1150
967=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref) 1151=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
968 1152
969Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback. 1153Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.
970 1154
971If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used 1155If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
981the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example. 1165the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
982 1166
983=cut 1167=cut
984 1168
985register_read_type json => sub { 1169register_read_type json => sub {
986 my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_; 1170 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
987 1171
988 require JSON; 1172 require JSON;
989 1173
990 my $data; 1174 my $data;
991 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf}; 1175 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1006 () 1190 ()
1007 } 1191 }
1008 } 1192 }
1009}; 1193};
1010 1194
1195=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
1196
1197Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
1198C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
1199data).
1200
1201Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
1202
1203=cut
1204
1205register_read_type storable => sub {
1206 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1207
1208 require Storable;
1209
1210 sub {
1211 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1212 defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1213 or return;
1214
1215 my $format = length pack "w", $len;
1216
1217 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1218 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1219 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1220 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1221 $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
1222 } else {
1223 # remove prefix
1224 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1225
1226 # read remaining chunk
1227 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1228 if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1229 $cb->($_[0], $ref);
1230 } else {
1231 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1232 }
1233 });
1234 }
1235
1236 1
1237 }
1238};
1239
1011=back 1240=back
1012 1241
1013=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args) 1242=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
1014 1243
1015This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>. 1244This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
1033=item $handle->stop_read 1262=item $handle->stop_read
1034 1263
1035=item $handle->start_read 1264=item $handle->start_read
1036 1265
1037In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the 1266In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
1038socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no 1267socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
1039any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call 1268any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
1040C<start_read>. 1269C<start_read>.
1041 1270
1042Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when 1271Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1043you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it 1272you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1065 if ($len > 0) { 1294 if ($len > 0) {
1066 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now; 1295 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1067 1296
1068 $self->{filter_r} 1297 $self->{filter_r}
1069 ? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf) 1298 ? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)
1070 : $self->_drain_rbuf; 1299 : $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;
1071 1300
1072 } elsif (defined $len) { 1301 } elsif (defined $len) {
1073 delete $self->{_rw}; 1302 delete $self->{_rw};
1074 $self->{_eof} = 1; 1303 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1075 $self->_drain_rbuf; 1304 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1076 1305
1077 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) { 1306 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1078 return $self->_error ($!, 1); 1307 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1079 } 1308 }
1080 }); 1309 });
1090 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) { 1319 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1091 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, ""; 1320 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
1092 } 1321 }
1093 } 1322 }
1094 1323
1095 if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1096 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf;
1097 $self->_drain_wbuf;
1098 }
1099
1100 while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) { 1324 while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1101 if (length $buf) { 1325 unless (length $buf) {
1102 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf;
1103 $self->_drain_rbuf;
1104 } else {
1105 # let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF 1326 # let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1327 delete $self->{_rw};
1106 $self->{_eof} = 1; 1328 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1107 $self->_shutdown; 1329 &_freetls;
1108 return;
1109 } 1330 }
1331
1332 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf;
1333 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1334 $self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1110 } 1335 }
1111 1336
1112 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); 1337 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1113 1338
1114 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) { 1339 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1118 return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1); 1343 return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1119 } 1344 }
1120 1345
1121 # all others are fine for our purposes 1346 # all others are fine for our purposes
1122 } 1347 }
1348
1349 if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1350 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf;
1351 $self->_drain_wbuf;
1352 }
1123} 1353}
1124 1354
1125=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx]) 1355=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1126 1356
1127Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle 1357Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1136 1366
1137The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this 1367The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this
1138call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake 1368call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake
1139might have already started when this function returns. 1369might have already started when this function returns.
1140 1370
1371If it an error to start a TLS handshake more than once per
1372AnyEvent::Handle object (this is due to bugs in OpenSSL).
1373
1141=cut 1374=cut
1142 1375
1143sub starttls { 1376sub starttls {
1144 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_; 1377 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1145 1378
1146 $self->stoptls; 1379 Carp::croak "it is an error to call starttls more than once on an Anyevent::Handle object"
1147 1380 if $self->{tls};
1381
1148 if ($ssl eq "accept") { 1382 if ($ssl eq "accept") {
1149 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ()); 1383 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1150 Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl); 1384 Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);
1151 } elsif ($ssl eq "connect") { 1385 } elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {
1152 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ()); 1386 $ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());
1158 # basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues) 1392 # basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1159 # but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works". 1393 # but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1160 # (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned 1394 # (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1161 # and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them). 1395 # and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1162 # http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html 1396 # http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
1397 #
1398 # in short: this is a mess.
1399 #
1400 # note that we do not try to kepe the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
1401 # we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
1402 # and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here.
1163 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls}, 1403 Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},
1164 (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1) 1404 (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1165 | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2)); 1405 | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
1166 1406
1167 $self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ()); 1407 $self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1175 }; 1415 };
1176 $self->{filter_r} = sub { 1416 $self->{filter_r} = sub {
1177 Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]}); 1417 Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1178 &_dotls; 1418 &_dotls;
1179 }; 1419 };
1420
1421 &_dotls; # need to trigger the initial negotiation exchange
1180} 1422}
1181 1423
1182=item $handle->stoptls 1424=item $handle->stoptls
1183 1425
1184Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be 1426Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1185lost. 1427sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
1428support non-blocking shut downs, it is not possible to re-use the stream
1429afterwards.
1186 1430
1187=cut 1431=cut
1188 1432
1189sub stoptls { 1433sub stoptls {
1190 my ($self) = @_; 1434 my ($self) = @_;
1191 1435
1436 if ($self->{tls}) {
1437 Net::SSLeay::shutdown $self->{tls};
1438
1439 &_dotls;
1440
1441 # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...
1442 # we, we... have to use openssl :/
1443 &_freetls;
1444 }
1445}
1446
1447sub _freetls {
1448 my ($self) = @_;
1449
1450 return unless $self->{tls};
1451
1192 Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls}; 1452 Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls});
1193 1453
1194 delete $self->{_rbio}; 1454 delete @$self{qw(_rbio filter_w _wbio filter_r)};
1195 delete $self->{_wbio};
1196 delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};
1197 delete $self->{filter_r};
1198 delete $self->{filter_w};
1199} 1455}
1200 1456
1201sub DESTROY { 1457sub DESTROY {
1202 my $self = shift; 1458 my $self = shift;
1203 1459
1204 $self->stoptls; 1460 &_freetls;
1461
1462 my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1463
1464 if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
1465 my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1466 my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1467
1468 my @linger;
1469
1470 push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
1471 my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1472
1473 if ($len > 0) {
1474 substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1475 } else {
1476 @linger = (); # end
1477 }
1478 });
1479 push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
1480 @linger = ();
1481 });
1482 }
1205} 1483}
1206 1484
1207=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX 1485=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1208 1486
1209This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by 1487This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by
1251=over 4 1529=over 4
1252 1530
1253=item * all constructor arguments become object members. 1531=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1254 1532
1255At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it 1533At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1256will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or 1534will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1257mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object). 1535mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1258 1536
1259=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>. 1537=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1260 1538
1261All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed 1539All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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