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Revision 1.41 by root, Tue May 27 05:47:36 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.86 by root, Thu Aug 21 20:41:16 2008 UTC

1package AnyEvent::Handle; 1package AnyEvent::Handle;
2 2
3no warnings; 3no warnings;
4use strict; 4use strict qw(subs vars);
5 5
6use AnyEvent (); 6use AnyEvent ();
7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAWOULDBLOCK); 7use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8use Scalar::Util (); 8use Scalar::Util ();
9use Carp (); 9use Carp ();
10use Fcntl (); 10use Fcntl ();
11use Errno qw/EAGAIN EINTR/; 11use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12 12
13=head1 NAME 13=head1 NAME
14 14
15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent 15AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16 16
17=cut 17=cut
18 18
19our $VERSION = '0.04'; 19our $VERSION = 4.232;
20 20
21=head1 SYNOPSIS 21=head1 SYNOPSIS
22 22
23 use AnyEvent; 23 use AnyEvent;
24 use AnyEvent::Handle; 24 use AnyEvent::Handle;
49 49
50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on 50This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts 51filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts
52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>. 52on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53 53
54The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56
54In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this 57In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their 58means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56treatment of characters applies to this module as well. 59treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57 60
58All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first 61All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
70 73
71=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY] 74=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]
72 75
73The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on. 76The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74 77
75NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using 78NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking). 79C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80that mode.
77 81
78=item on_eof => $cb->($handle) 82=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
79 83
80Set the callback to be called on EOF. 84Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
85i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
86connection cleanly.
81 87
88For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
89you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof
90callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
91down.
92
82While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback, 93While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,
83otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still 94otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
84waiting for data. 95waiting for data.
85 96
97If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
98set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99
86=item on_error => $cb->($handle) 100=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)
87 101
88This is the fatal error callback, that is called when, well, a fatal error 102This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
89occurs, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to connect 103occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
90or a read error. 104connect or a read error.
91 105
92The object will not be in a usable state when this callback has been 106Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
93called. 107fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable
108(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal
109errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers
110(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.
111
112Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
113to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
94 116
95On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system 117On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
96error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE> or C<EBADMSG>). 118error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).
97
98The callback should throw an exception. If it returns, then
99AnyEvent::Handle will C<croak> for you.
100 119
101While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as 120While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
102you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls 121you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
103die. 122C<croak>.
104 123
105=item on_read => $cb->($handle) 124=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
106 125
107This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives 126This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
108and no read request is in the queue. 127and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129read buffer).
109 130
110To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >> 131To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
111method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly. 132method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.
112 133
113When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to 134When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
119 140
120This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty 141This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
121(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already). 142(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
122 143
123To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method. 144To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145
146This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
148of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
149memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151
152=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153
154If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
155seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
156handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
157missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
158
159Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
160any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162in the C<on_timeout> callback.
163
164Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165
166=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167
168Called whenever the inactivity timeout passes. If you return from this
169callback, then the timeout will be reset as if some activity had happened,
170so this condition is not fatal in any way.
124 171
125=item rbuf_max => <bytes> 172=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
126 173
127If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>) 174If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
128when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to 175when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
132be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on 179be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
133(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited 180(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
134amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line 181amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
135isn't finished). 182isn't finished).
136 183
184=item autocork => <boolean>
185
186When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
187write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
188a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be
189inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is
190usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).
191
192When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194but less efficient when you do a single write only.
195
196=item no_delay => <boolean>
197
198When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201
202In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be
203accomplishd by setting this option to true.
204
205The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option
206explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
207
137=item read_size => <bytes> 208=item read_size => <bytes>
138 209
139The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read 210The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read
140on each [loop iteration). Default: C<4096>. 211during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.
141 212
142=item low_water_mark => <bytes> 213=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
143 214
144Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write 215Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
145buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is 216buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
146considered empty. 217considered empty.
147 218
219=item linger => <seconds>
220
221If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
222AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write
223data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors
224will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats
225outstanding data at socket close time).
226
227This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been
228encoded. This data will be lost.
229
148=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object 230=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
149 231
150When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it 232When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
151will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt 233AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt
152data. 234data.
153 235
154TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded 236TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
155automatically when you try to create a TLS handle). 237automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).
156 238
157For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a 239Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
158connection, use C<connect> mode. 240C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241mode.
159 242
160You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have 243You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
161to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state> 244to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
162or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to 245or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
163AnyEvent::Handle. 246AnyEvent::Handle.
164 247
165See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later. 248See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
166 249
167=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx 250=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx
168 251
169Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection 252Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection
170(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is 253(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
173=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object 256=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
174 257
175This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types. 258This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
176 259
177If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a 260If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
178suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts. 261suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
262texts.
179 263
180Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to 264Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
181use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself. 265use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
182 266
183=item filter_r => $cb 267=item filter_r => $cb
202 if ($self->{tls}) { 286 if ($self->{tls}) {
203 require Net::SSLeay; 287 require Net::SSLeay;
204 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx}); 288 $self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
205 } 289 }
206 290
207 $self->on_eof (delete $self->{on_eof} ) if $self->{on_eof}; 291 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
208 $self->on_error (delete $self->{on_error}) if $self->{on_error}; 292 $self->_timeout;
293
209 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain}; 294 $self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};
210 $self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read}; 295 $self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
211 296
212 $self->start_read; 297 $self->start_read
298 if $self->{on_read};
213 299
214 $self 300 $self
215} 301}
216 302
217sub _shutdown { 303sub _shutdown {
218 my ($self) = @_; 304 my ($self) = @_;
219 305
306 delete $self->{_tw};
220 delete $self->{_rw}; 307 delete $self->{_rw};
221 delete $self->{_ww}; 308 delete $self->{_ww};
222 delete $self->{fh}; 309 delete $self->{fh};
223}
224 310
311 $self->stoptls;
312
313 delete $self->{on_read};
314 delete $self->{_queue};
315}
316
225sub error { 317sub _error {
226 my ($self) = @_; 318 my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;
227 319
228 {
229 local $!;
230 $self->_shutdown; 320 $self->_shutdown
231 } 321 if $fatal;
232 322
233 $self->{on_error}($self) 323 $! = $errno;
324
234 if $self->{on_error}; 325 if ($self->{on_error}) {
235 326 $self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);
327 } else {
236 Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught fatal error: $!"; 328 Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";
329 }
237} 330}
238 331
239=item $fh = $handle->fh 332=item $fh = $handle->fh
240 333
241This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object. 334This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
260 353
261=cut 354=cut
262 355
263sub on_eof { 356sub on_eof {
264 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1]; 357 $_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
358}
359
360=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
361
362Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback
363(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
364argument.
365
366=cut
367
368sub on_timeout {
369 $_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
370}
371
372=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
373
374Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
375constructor argument).
376
377=cut
378
379=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
380
381Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
382the same name for details).
383
384=cut
385
386sub no_delay {
387 $_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
388
389 eval {
390 local $SIG{__DIE__};
391 setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];
392 };
393}
394
395#############################################################################
396
397=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
398
399Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
400
401=cut
402
403sub timeout {
404 my ($self, $timeout) = @_;
405
406 $self->{timeout} = $timeout;
407 $self->_timeout;
408}
409
410# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
411# also check for time-outs
412sub _timeout {
413 my ($self) = @_;
414
415 if ($self->{timeout}) {
416 my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
417
418 # when would the timeout trigger?
419 my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
420
421 # now or in the past already?
422 if ($after <= 0) {
423 $self->{_activity} = $NOW;
424
425 if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
426 $self->{on_timeout}($self);
427 } else {
428 $self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
429 }
430
431 # callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
432 return unless $self->{timeout};
433
434 # calculate new after
435 $after = $self->{timeout};
436 }
437
438 Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
439 return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
440
441 $self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
442 delete $self->{_tw};
443 $self->_timeout;
444 });
445 } else {
446 delete $self->{_tw};
447 }
265} 448}
266 449
267############################################################################# 450#############################################################################
268 451
269=back 452=back
316 my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf}; 499 my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
317 500
318 if ($len >= 0) { 501 if ($len >= 0) {
319 substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, ""; 502 substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
320 503
504 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
505
321 $self->{on_drain}($self) 506 $self->{on_drain}($self)
322 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf} 507 if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}
323 && $self->{on_drain}; 508 && $self->{on_drain};
324 509
325 delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf}; 510 delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
326 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAWOULDBLOCK) { 511 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
327 $self->error; 512 $self->_error ($!, 1);
328 } 513 }
329 }; 514 };
330 515
331 # try to write data immediately 516 # try to write data immediately
332 $cb->(); 517 $cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
333 518
334 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll 519 # if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
335 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb) 520 $self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
336 if length $self->{wbuf}; 521 if length $self->{wbuf};
337 }; 522 };
352 @_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write") 537 @_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
353 ->($self, @_); 538 ->($self, @_);
354 } 539 }
355 540
356 if ($self->{filter_w}) { 541 if ($self->{filter_w}) {
357 $self->{filter_w}->($self, \$_[0]); 542 $self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);
358 } else { 543 } else {
359 $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0]; 544 $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
360 $self->_drain_wbuf; 545 $self->_drain_wbuf;
361 } 546 }
362} 547}
363 548
364=item $handle->push_write (type => @args) 549=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
365 550
366=item $handle->unshift_write (type => @args)
367
368Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do 551Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do
369the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. 552the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.
370 553
371Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to 554Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
372drop by and tell us): 555drop by and tell us):
376=item netstring => $string 559=item netstring => $string
377 560
378Formats the given value as netstring 561Formats the given value as netstring
379(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them). 562(http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not a recommendation to use them).
380 563
381=back
382
383=cut 564=cut
384 565
385register_write_type netstring => sub { 566register_write_type netstring => sub {
386 my ($self, $string) = @_; 567 my ($self, $string) = @_;
387 568
388 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string 569 sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string
570};
571
572=item packstring => $format, $data
573
574An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
575uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
576integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
577optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
578
579=cut
580
581register_write_type packstring => sub {
582 my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
583
584 pack "$format/a*", $string
389}; 585};
390 586
391=item json => $array_or_hashref 587=item json => $array_or_hashref
392 588
393Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you 589Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
427 623
428 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref) 624 $self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
429 : JSON::encode_json ($ref) 625 : JSON::encode_json ($ref)
430}; 626};
431 627
628=item storable => $reference
629
630Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
631handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
632
633=cut
634
635register_write_type storable => sub {
636 my ($self, $ref) = @_;
637
638 require Storable;
639
640 pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
641};
642
643=back
644
432=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args) 645=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
433 646
434This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>. 647This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
435Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code 648Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
436reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments. 649reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.
456ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using 669ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
457a queue. 670a queue.
458 671
459In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever 672In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
460new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if 673new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
461enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want 674enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
462or not. 675leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
676partial message has been received so far).
463 677
464In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this 678In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
465case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new 679case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
466data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>, 680data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
467below). 681done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
468 682
469This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading 683This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
470a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order. 684a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
471 685
472Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by 686Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
473the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram. 687the specified number of bytes which give an XML datagram.
474 688
475 # in the default state, expect some header bytes 689 # in the default state, expect some header bytes
476 $handle->on_read (sub { 690 $handle->on_read (sub {
477 # some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets) 691 # some data is here, now queue the length-header-read (4 octets)
478 shift->unshift_read_chunk (4, sub { 692 shift->unshift_read (chunk => 4, sub {
479 # header arrived, decode 693 # header arrived, decode
480 my $len = unpack "N", $_[1]; 694 my $len = unpack "N", $_[1];
481 695
482 # now read the payload 696 # now read the payload
483 shift->unshift_read_chunk ($len, sub { 697 shift->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
484 my $xml = $_[1]; 698 my $xml = $_[1];
485 # handle xml 699 # handle xml
486 }); 700 });
487 }); 701 });
488 }); 702 });
489 703
490Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with 704Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
491"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the 705and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
492second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just 706bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
493pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in 707just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
494the callbacks: 708in the callbacks.
495 709
496 # request one 710When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
711C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
71264-byte chunk callback.
713
714 # request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
497 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012"); 715 $handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
498 716
499 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read 717 # we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
500 $handle->push_read_line (sub { 718 $handle->push_read (line => sub {
501 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line, 719 # if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
502 # so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes 720 # so it will be read before the second request reads its 64 bytes
503 # which are already in the queue when this callback is called 721 # which are already in the queue when this callback is called
504 # we don't do this in case we got an error 722 # we don't do this in case we got an error
505 if ($_[1] eq "OK") { 723 if ($_[1] eq "OK") {
506 $_[0]->unshift_read_line (sub { 724 $_[0]->unshift_read (line => sub {
507 my $response = $_[1]; 725 my $response = $_[1];
508 ... 726 ...
509 }); 727 });
510 } 728 }
511 }); 729 });
512 730
513 # request two 731 # request two, simply returns 64 octets
514 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012"); 732 $handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
515 733
516 # simply read 64 bytes, always 734 # simply read 64 bytes, always
517 $handle->push_read_chunk (64, sub { 735 $handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
518 my $response = $_[1]; 736 my $response = $_[1];
519 ... 737 ...
520 }); 738 });
521 739
522=over 4 740=over 4
523 741
524=cut 742=cut
525 743
526sub _drain_rbuf { 744sub _drain_rbuf {
527 my ($self) = @_; 745 my ($self) = @_;
746
747 local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;
528 748
529 if ( 749 if (
530 defined $self->{rbuf_max} 750 defined $self->{rbuf_max}
531 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf} 751 && $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
532 ) { 752 ) {
533 $! = &Errno::ENOSPC; 753 $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
534 $self->error;
535 } 754 }
536 755
537 return if $self->{in_drain}; 756 while () {
538 local $self->{in_drain} = 1;
539
540 while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) { 757 my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
541 no strict 'refs'; 758
542 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) { 759 if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
543 unless ($cb->($self)) { 760 unless ($cb->($self)) {
544 if ($self->{_eof}) { 761 if ($self->{_eof}) {
545 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming) 762 # no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
546 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; 763 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;
547 $self->error;
548 } 764 }
549 765
550 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 766 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
551 return; 767 last;
552 } 768 }
553 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) { 769 } elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
770 last unless $len;
771
554 $self->{on_read}($self); 772 $self->{on_read}($self);
555 773
556 if ( 774 if (
557 $self->{_eof} # if no further data will arrive
558 && $len == length $self->{rbuf} # and no data has been consumed 775 $len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
559 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty 776 && !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
560 && $self->{on_read} # and we still want to read data 777 && $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
561 ) { 778 ) {
779 # no further data will arrive
562 # then no progress can be made 780 # so no progress can be made
563 $! = &Errno::EPIPE; 781 $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
564 $self->error; 782 if $self->{_eof};
783
784 last; # more data might arrive
565 } 785 }
566 } else { 786 } else {
567 # read side becomes idle 787 # read side becomes idle
568 delete $self->{_rw}; 788 delete $self->{_rw};
569 return; 789 last;
570 } 790 }
571 } 791 }
572 792
573 if ($self->{_eof}) { 793 if ($self->{_eof}) {
574 $self->_shutdown; 794 if ($self->{on_eof}) {
575 $self->{on_eof}($self) 795 $self->{on_eof}($self)
576 if $self->{on_eof}; 796 } else {
797 $self->_error (0, 1);
798 }
799 }
800
801 # may need to restart read watcher
802 unless ($self->{_rw}) {
803 $self->start_read
804 if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
577 } 805 }
578} 806}
579 807
580=item $handle->on_read ($cb) 808=item $handle->on_read ($cb)
581 809
587 815
588sub on_read { 816sub on_read {
589 my ($self, $cb) = @_; 817 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
590 818
591 $self->{on_read} = $cb; 819 $self->{on_read} = $cb;
820 $self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};
592} 821}
593 822
594=item $handle->rbuf 823=item $handle->rbuf
595 824
596Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). 825Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
645 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read") 874 $cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
646 ->($self, $cb, @_); 875 ->($self, $cb, @_);
647 } 876 }
648 877
649 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 878 push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
650 $self->_drain_rbuf; 879 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
651} 880}
652 881
653sub unshift_read { 882sub unshift_read {
654 my $self = shift; 883 my $self = shift;
655 my $cb = pop; 884 my $cb = pop;
661 ->($self, $cb, @_); 890 ->($self, $cb, @_);
662 } 891 }
663 892
664 893
665 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb; 894 unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
666 $self->_drain_rbuf; 895 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
667} 896}
668 897
669=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb) 898=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
670 899
671=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb) 900=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
701 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, ""); 930 $cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
702 1 931 1
703 } 932 }
704}; 933};
705 934
706# compatibility with older API
707sub push_read_chunk {
708 $_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
709}
710
711sub unshift_read_chunk {
712 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
713}
714
715=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol) 935=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
716 936
717The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of 937The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
718line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line 938line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
719marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and 939marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
734=cut 954=cut
735 955
736register_read_type line => sub { 956register_read_type line => sub {
737 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_; 957 my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
738 958
739 $eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3; 959 if (@_ < 3) {
740 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol; 960 # this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
741 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
742
743 sub { 961 sub {
744 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return; 962 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
745 963
746 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2); 964 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
747 1
748 }
749};
750
751# compatibility with older API
752sub push_read_line {
753 my $self = shift;
754 $self->push_read (line => @_);
755}
756
757sub unshift_read_line {
758 my $self = shift;
759 $self->unshift_read (line => @_);
760}
761
762=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
763
764A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
765
766Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
767
768=cut
769
770register_read_type netstring => sub {
771 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
772
773 sub {
774 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
775 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
776 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
777 $self->error;
778 } 965 1
779 return;
780 } 966 }
967 } else {
968 $eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
969 $eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
781 970
782 my $len = $1; 971 sub {
972 $_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
783 973
784 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub { 974 $cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
785 my $string = $_[1];
786 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
787 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
788 $cb->($_[0], $string);
789 } else {
790 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG;
791 $self->error;
792 }
793 }); 975 1
794 }); 976 }
795
796 1
797 } 977 }
798}; 978};
799 979
800=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data) 980=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
801 981
853 return 1; 1033 return 1;
854 } 1034 }
855 1035
856 # reject 1036 # reject
857 if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) { 1037 if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
858 $! = &Errno::EBADMSG; 1038 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
859 $self->error;
860 } 1039 }
861 1040
862 # skip 1041 # skip
863 if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) { 1042 if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
864 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], ""; 1043 $data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
866 1045
867 () 1046 ()
868 } 1047 }
869}; 1048};
870 1049
1050=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
1051
1052A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
1053
1054Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
1055
1056=cut
1057
1058register_read_type netstring => sub {
1059 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1060
1061 sub {
1062 unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1063 if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1064 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1065 }
1066 return;
1067 }
1068
1069 my $len = $1;
1070
1071 $self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1072 my $string = $_[1];
1073 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1074 if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1075 $cb->($_[0], $string);
1076 } else {
1077 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1078 }
1079 });
1080 });
1081
1082 1
1083 }
1084};
1085
1086=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
1087
1088An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1089uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1090integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1091optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1092
1093DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.
1094
1095Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1096format (very efficient).
1097
1098 $handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
1099 my ($handle, $data) = @_;
1100 });
1101
1102=cut
1103
1104register_read_type packstring => sub {
1105 my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
1106
1107 sub {
1108 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1109 defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
1110 or return;
1111
1112 $format = length pack $format, $len;
1113
1114 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1115 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1116 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1117 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1118 $cb->($_[0], $data);
1119 } else {
1120 # remove prefix
1121 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1122
1123 # read remaining chunk
1124 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
1125 }
1126
1127 1
1128 }
1129};
1130
871=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref) 1131=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
872 1132
873Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback. 1133Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.
874 1134
875If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used 1135If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
885the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example. 1145the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
886 1146
887=cut 1147=cut
888 1148
889register_read_type json => sub { 1149register_read_type json => sub {
890 my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_; 1150 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
891 1151
892 require JSON; 1152 require JSON;
893 1153
894 my $data; 1154 my $data;
895 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf}; 1155 my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
910 () 1170 ()
911 } 1171 }
912 } 1172 }
913}; 1173};
914 1174
1175=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
1176
1177Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
1178C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
1179data).
1180
1181Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
1182
1183=cut
1184
1185register_read_type storable => sub {
1186 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1187
1188 require Storable;
1189
1190 sub {
1191 # when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
1192 defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
1193 or return;
1194
1195 my $format = length pack "w", $len;
1196
1197 # bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
1198 if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
1199 my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
1200 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
1201 $cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
1202 } else {
1203 # remove prefix
1204 substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
1205
1206 # read remaining chunk
1207 $_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1208 if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1209 $cb->($_[0], $ref);
1210 } else {
1211 $self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
1212 }
1213 });
1214 }
1215
1216 1
1217 }
1218};
1219
915=back 1220=back
916 1221
917=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args) 1222=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)
918 1223
919This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>. 1224This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.
937=item $handle->stop_read 1242=item $handle->stop_read
938 1243
939=item $handle->start_read 1244=item $handle->start_read
940 1245
941In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the 1246In rare cases you actually do not want to read anything from the
942socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> no 1247socket. In this case you can call C<stop_read>. Neither C<on_read> nor
943any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call 1248any queued callbacks will be executed then. To start reading again, call
944C<start_read>. 1249C<start_read>.
1250
1251Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1252you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1253will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1254there are any read requests in the queue.
945 1255
946=cut 1256=cut
947 1257
948sub stop_read { 1258sub stop_read {
949 my ($self) = @_; 1259 my ($self) = @_;
960 $self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub { 1270 $self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
961 my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf}; 1271 my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};
962 my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf; 1272 my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
963 1273
964 if ($len > 0) { 1274 if ($len > 0) {
1275 $self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1276
965 $self->{filter_r} 1277 $self->{filter_r}
966 ? $self->{filter_r}->($self, $rbuf) 1278 ? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)
967 : $self->_drain_rbuf; 1279 : $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;
968 1280
969 } elsif (defined $len) { 1281 } elsif (defined $len) {
970 delete $self->{_rw}; 1282 delete $self->{_rw};
971 $self->{_eof} = 1; 1283 $self->{_eof} = 1;
972 $self->_drain_rbuf; 1284 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
973 1285
974 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != &AnyEvent::Util::WSAWOULDBLOCK) { 1286 } elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
975 return $self->error; 1287 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
976 } 1288 }
977 }); 1289 });
978 } 1290 }
979} 1291}
980 1292
981sub _dotls { 1293sub _dotls {
982 my ($self) = @_; 1294 my ($self) = @_;
1295
1296 my $buf;
983 1297
984 if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) { 1298 if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
985 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) { 1299 while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
986 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, ""; 1300 substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
987 } 1301 }
988 } 1302 }
989 1303
990 if (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) { 1304 if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
991 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf; 1305 $self->{wbuf} .= $buf;
992 $self->_drain_wbuf; 1306 $self->_drain_wbuf;
993 } 1307 }
994 1308
995 while (defined (my $buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) { 1309 while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
1310 if (length $buf) {
996 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf; 1311 $self->{rbuf} .= $buf;
997 $self->_drain_rbuf; 1312 $self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1313 } else {
1314 # let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1315 $self->{_eof} = 1;
1316 $self->_shutdown;
1317 return;
1318 }
998 } 1319 }
999 1320
1000 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1); 1321 my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1001 1322
1002 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) { 1323 if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1003 if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) { 1324 if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1004 $self->error; 1325 return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1005 } elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) { 1326 } elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1006 $! = &Errno::EIO; 1327 return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1007 $self->error;
1008 } 1328 }
1009 1329
1010 # all others are fine for our purposes 1330 # all others are fine for our purposes
1011 } 1331 }
1012} 1332}
1027call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake 1347call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake
1028might have already started when this function returns. 1348might have already started when this function returns.
1029 1349
1030=cut 1350=cut
1031 1351
1032# TODO: maybe document...
1033sub starttls { 1352sub starttls {
1034 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_; 1353 my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;
1035 1354
1036 $self->stoptls; 1355 $self->stoptls;
1037 1356
1090 1409
1091sub DESTROY { 1410sub DESTROY {
1092 my $self = shift; 1411 my $self = shift;
1093 1412
1094 $self->stoptls; 1413 $self->stoptls;
1414
1415 my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1416
1417 if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {
1418 my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1419 my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1420
1421 my @linger;
1422
1423 push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
1424 my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1425
1426 if ($len > 0) {
1427 substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1428 } else {
1429 @linger = (); # end
1430 }
1431 });
1432 push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
1433 @linger = ();
1434 });
1435 }
1095} 1436}
1096 1437
1097=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX 1438=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1098 1439
1099This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by 1440This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by
1141=over 4 1482=over 4
1142 1483
1143=item * all constructor arguments become object members. 1484=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1144 1485
1145At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it 1486At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1146will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or 1487will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1147mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object). 1488mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1148 1489
1149=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>. 1490=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1150 1491
1151All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed 1492All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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