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Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Jun 4 22:51:15 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.164 by root, Mon Jul 27 22:44:43 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;	1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2		2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict;
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();	3	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();	4	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);	5	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12		6
		7	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		8	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		9
13	=head1 NAME	10	=head1 NAME
14		11
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	12	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16		13
17	=cut	14	=cut
18		15
19	our $VERSION = 4.13;	16	our $VERSION = 4.87;
20		17
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	18	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		19
23	use AnyEvent;	20	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	21	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		22
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	23	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		24
28	my $handle =	25	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	26	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	27	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	28	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	29	warn "got error $msg\n";
		30	$hdl->destroy;
		31	$cv->send;
34	);	32	);
35		33
36	# send some request line	34	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	35	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		36
39	# read the response line	37	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	38	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	39	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	40	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	41	$cv->send;
44	});	42	});
45		43
46	$cv->recv;	44	$cv->recv;
47		45
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	46	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		47
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	48	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	49	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	50
		51	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		52	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		53
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		57
		58	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		59	C<on_error> callback.
		60
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	62	argument.
60		63
61	=head1 METHODS	64	=head1 METHODS
62		65
63	=over 4	66	=over 4
64		67
65	=item B<new (%args)>	68	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		69
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		71
69	=over 4	72	=over 4
70		73
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	74	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		75
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	77	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	78	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		79	that mode.
77		80
		81	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		82
		83	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		84	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		85	default C<peername>.
		86
		87	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		88
		89	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		90	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		91
		92	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		93	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		94	appropriate circumstances:
		95
		96	=over 4
		97
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	98	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
79		99
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detcted,	100	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	101	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
82	connection cleanly.	102	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		103	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		104	established).
83		105
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	106	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	107	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
86	waiting for data.	108	timeout is to be used).
87		109
		110	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		111
		112	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		113
		114	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		115	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		116
		117	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		118	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		119	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		120	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		121	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		122
		123	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		124
		125	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		126
		127	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		128	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		129	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		130
		131	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		132	fatal error instead.
		133
		134	=back
		135
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	136	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		137
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	138	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	139	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	140	connect or a read error.
93		141
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	142	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	143	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		144	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		145	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		146	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		147	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		148	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		149
		150	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		151	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		152	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		153	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		154
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	155	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	156	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	157	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		158	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		159
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	160	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	161	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		162	C<EPROTO>).
102		163
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	164	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	165	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	166	C<croak>.
106		167
107	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	168	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
108		169
109	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	170	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
110	and no read request is in the queue.	171	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
		172	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
		173	read buffer).
111		174
112	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	175	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
113	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	176	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		177	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		178	the beginning from it.
114		179
115	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	180	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
116	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	181	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
117	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	182	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
118	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	183	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
119		184
		185	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		186	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		187	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		188	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		189
		190	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		191
		192	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		193	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		194	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		195	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		196	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		197
		198	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		199	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		200	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		201	down.
		202
		203	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		204	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		205
120	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	206	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
121		207
122	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	208	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
123	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	209	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
124		210
125	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	211	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
		212
		213	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
		214	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
		215	of some file to the socket you might not want to read the whole file into
		216	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
		217	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
126		218
127	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	219	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
128		220
129	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	221	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many
130	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	222	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file
131	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	223	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is
132	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	224	missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).
133		225
134	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	226	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
135	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	227	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
136	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	228	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
137	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	229	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		230	restart the timeout.
138		231
139	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	232	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
140		233
141	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	234	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
142		235
…		…
146		239
147	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	240	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
148		241
149	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	242	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
150	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	243	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
151	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	244	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
152		245
153	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	246	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
154	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	247	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
155	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	248	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
156	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	249	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
157	isn't finished).	250	isn't finished).
158		251
		252	=item autocork => <boolean>
		253
		254	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
		255	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
		256	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
		257	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
		258	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		259	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
		260
		261	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
		262	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
		263	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		264	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
		265
		266	=item no_delay => <boolean>
		267
		268	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
		269	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
		270	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
		271
		272	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
		273	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
		274
		275	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
		276	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		277
159	=item read_size => <bytes>	278	=item read_size => <bytes>
160		279
161	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	280	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
162	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	281	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		282	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
163		283
164	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	284	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
165		285
166	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	286	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
167	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	287	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
168	considered empty.	288	considered empty.
169		289
		290	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		291	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		292	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		293	is good in almost all cases.
		294
		295	=item linger => <seconds>
		296
		297	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
		298	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
		299	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
		300	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
		301	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
		302
		303	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
		304	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		305	help.
		306
		307	=item peername => $string
		308
		309	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		310	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		311
		312	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		313	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		314	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		315	C<undef>.
		316
170	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	317	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
171		318
172	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	319	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
173	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	320	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
174	data.	321	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		322
		323	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		324	appropriate error message.
175		325
176	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	326	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
177	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	327	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		328	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		329	to add the dependency yourself.
178		330
179	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	331	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
180	connection, use C<connect> mode.	332	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		333	mode.
181		334
182	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	335	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
183	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	336	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
184	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	337	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
185	AnyEvent::Handle.	338	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		339	object.
186		340
		341	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		342	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		343	away.
		344
		345	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		346	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		347	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		348	segmentation fault.
		349
187	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLs negotiation later.	350	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
188		351
189	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	352	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
190		353
191	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	354	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
192	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	355	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
193	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	356	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
194		357
		358	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		359	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		360	new TLS context object.
		361
		362	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		363
		364	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		365	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		366	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		367
		368	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		369	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		370
		371	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		372	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		373
		374	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		375	called, as normal.
		376
		377	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		378	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		379	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		380
		381	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		382
		383	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		384	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		385	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		386	on the handle.
		387
		388	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		389	callback.
		390
		391	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		392	underlying handle signals EOF.
		393
195	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	394	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
196		395
197	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	396	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
198		397
199	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	398	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
200	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	399	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		400	texts.
201		401
202	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	402	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
203	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	403	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
204		404
205	=item filter_r => $cb
206
207	=item filter_w => $cb
208
209	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
210
211	=back	405	=back
212		406
213	=cut	407	=cut
214		408
215	sub new {	409	sub new {
216	my $class = shift;	410	my $class = shift;
217
218	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	411	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
219		412
220	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	413	if ($self->{fh}) {
		414	$self->_start;
		415	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		416
		417	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		418	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		419
		420	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		421	unless exists $self->{peername};
		422
		423	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		424
		425	{
		426	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		427
		428	$self->{_connect} =
		429	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		430	$self->{connect}[0],
		431	$self->{connect}[1],
		432	sub {
		433	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		434
		435	if ($fh) {
		436	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		437
		438	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		439	$self->_start;
		440
		441	$self->{on_connect}
		442	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		443	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		444	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		445	&$retry;
		446	});
		447
		448	} else {
		449	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		450	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		451	$self->destroy;
		452	} else {
		453	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		454	}
		455	}
		456	},
		457	sub {
		458	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		459
		460	$self->{on_prepare}
		461	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		462	: ()
		463	}
		464	);
		465	}
		466
		467	} else {
		468	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		469	}
		470
		471	$self
		472	}
		473
		474	sub _start {
		475	my ($self) = @_;
221		476
222	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	477	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
223
224	if ($self->{tls}) {
225	require Net::SSLeay;
226	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
227	}
228		478
229	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	479	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
230	$self->_timeout;	480	$self->_timeout;
231		481
		482	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
		483
		484	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		485	if $self->{tls};
		486
232	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};	487	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
233	$self->on_read (delete $self->{on_read} ) if $self->{on_read};
234		488
235	$self	489	$self->start_read
236	}	490	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
237		491
		492	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		493	}
		494
238	sub _shutdown {	495	#sub _shutdown {
239	my ($self) = @_;	496	# my ($self) = @_;
240		497	#
241	delete $self->{_tw};	498	# delete @$self{qw(_tw _rw _ww fh wbuf on_read _queue)};
242	delete $self->{_rw};	499	# $self->{_eof} = 1; # tell starttls et. al to stop trying
243	delete $self->{_ww};	500	#
244	delete $self->{fh};	501	# &_freetls;
245		502	#}
246	$self->stoptls;
247	}
248		503
249	sub _error {	504	sub _error {
250	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	505	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
251
252	$self->_shutdown
253	if $fatal;
254		506
255	$! = $errno;	507	$! = $errno;
		508	$message ||= "$!";
256		509
257	if ($self->{on_error}) {	510	if ($self->{on_error}) {
258	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	511	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
259	} else {	512	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		513	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		514	$self->destroy;
260	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	515	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
261	}	516	}
262	}	517	}
263		518
264	=item $fh = $handle->fh	519	=item $fh = $handle->fh
265		520
266	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	521	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
267		522
268	=cut	523	=cut
269		524
270	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	525	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
271		526
…		…
289	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	544	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
290	}	545	}
291		546
292	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	547	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
293		548
294	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	549	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback (but
295	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor	550	not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor
296	argument.	551	argument and method.
297		552
298	=cut	553	=cut
299		554
300	sub on_timeout {	555	sub on_timeout {
301	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	556	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];
		557	}
		558
		559	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
		560
		561	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
		562	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
		563
		564	=cut
		565
		566	sub autocork {
		567	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		568	}
		569
		570	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
		571
		572	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
		573	the same name for details).
		574
		575	=cut
		576
		577	sub no_delay {
		578	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
		579
		580	eval {
		581	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		582	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		583	if $_[0]{fh};
		584	};
		585	}
		586
		587	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		588
		589	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		590
		591	=cut
		592
		593	sub on_starttls {
		594	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		595	}
		596
		597	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
302	}	605	}
303		606
304	#############################################################################	607	#############################################################################
305		608
306	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	609	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
…		…
319	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	622	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
320	# also check for time-outs	623	# also check for time-outs
321	sub _timeout {	624	sub _timeout {
322	my ($self) = @_;	625	my ($self) = @_;
323		626
324	if ($self->{timeout}) {	627	if ($self->{timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
325	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	628	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;
326		629
327	# when would the timeout trigger?	630	# when would the timeout trigger?
328	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	631	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;
329		632
…		…
332	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	635	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;
333		636
334	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	637	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {
335	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	638	$self->{on_timeout}($self);
336	} else {	639	} else {
337	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	640	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
338	}	641	}
339		642
340	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	643	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
341	return unless $self->{timeout};	644	return unless $self->{timeout};
342		645
…		…
384	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	687	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
385		688
386	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	689	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
387		690
388	$cb->($self)	691	$cb->($self)
389	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	692	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
390	}	693	}
391		694
392	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	695	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
393		696
394	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	697	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
405	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	708	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
406		709
407	my $cb = sub {	710	my $cb = sub {
408	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	711	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
409		712
410	if ($len >= 0) {	713	if (defined $len) {
411	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	714	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
412		715
413	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	716	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
414		717
415	$self->{on_drain}($self)	718	$self->{on_drain}($self)
416	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	719	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
417	&& $self->{on_drain};	720	&& $self->{on_drain};
418		721
419	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	722	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
420	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	723	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
421	$self->_error ($!, 1);	724	$self->_error ($!, 1);
422	}	725	}
423	};	726	};
424		727
425	# try to write data immediately	728	# try to write data immediately
426	$cb->();	729	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
427		730
428	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	731	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
429	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	732	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)
430	if length $self->{wbuf};	733	if length $self->{wbuf};
431	};	734	};
…		…
445		748
446	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	749	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
447	->($self, @_);	750	->($self, @_);
448	}	751	}
449		752
450	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	753	if ($self->{tls}) {
451	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	754	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		755	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
452	} else {	756	} else {
453	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	757	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
454	$self->_drain_wbuf;	758	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
455	}	759	}
456	}	760	}
457		761
458	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	762	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
459		763
…		…
473	=cut	777	=cut
474		778
475	register_write_type netstring => sub {	779	register_write_type netstring => sub {
476	my ($self, $string) = @_;	780	my ($self, $string) = @_;
477		781
478	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	782	(length $string) . ":$string,"
		783	};
		784
		785	=item packstring => $format, $data
		786
		787	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		788	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		789	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		790	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		791
		792	=cut
		793
		794	register_write_type packstring => sub {
		795	my ($self, $format, $string) = @_;
		796
		797	pack "$format/a*", $string
479	};	798	};
480		799
481	=item json => $array_or_hashref	800	=item json => $array_or_hashref
482		801
483	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you	802	Encodes the given hash or array reference into a JSON object. Unless you
…		…
517		836
518	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	837	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)
519	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)	838	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
520	};	839	};
521		840
		841	=item storable => $reference
		842
		843	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
		844	handle. Uses the C<nfreeze> format.
		845
		846	=cut
		847
		848	register_write_type storable => sub {
		849	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
		850
		851	require Storable;
		852
		853	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
		854	};
		855
522	=back	856	=back
		857
		858	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		859
		860	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		861	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		862	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		863	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		864	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		865
		866	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		867
		868	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		869	the peer.
		870
		871	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		872	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		873
		874	=cut
		875
		876	sub push_shutdown {
		877	my ($self) = @_;
		878
		879	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		880	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		881	}
523		882
524	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	883	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
525		884
526	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	885	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
527	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	886	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
548	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	907	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
549	a queue.	908	a queue.
550		909
551	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	910	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
552	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	911	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
553	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>) if you want	912	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna
554	or not.	913	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
		914	partial message has been received so far).
555		915
556	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	916	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
557	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	917	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
558	data arrives and removes it when it has done its job (see C<push_read>,	918	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has
559	below).	919	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
560		920
561	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	921	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
562	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	922	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
563		923
564	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by	924	Example 1: EPP protocol parser. EPP sends 4 byte length info, followed by
…		…
577	# handle xml	937	# handle xml
578	});	938	});
579	});	939	});
580	});	940	});
581		941
582	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with	942	Example 2: Implement a client for a protocol that replies either with "OK"
583	"OK" and another line or "ERROR" for one request, and 64 bytes for the	943	and another line or "ERROR" for the first request that is sent, and 64
584	second request. Due tot he availability of a full queue, we can just	944	bytes for the second request. Due to the availability of a queue, we can
585	pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary in	945	just pipeline sending both requests and manipulate the queue as necessary
586	the callbacks:	946	in the callbacks.
587		947
588	# request one	948	When the first callback is called and sees an "OK" response, it will
		949	C<unshift> another line-read. This line-read will be queued I<before> the
		950	64-byte chunk callback.
		951
		952	# request one, returns either "OK + extra line" or "ERROR"
589	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");	953	$handle->push_write ("request 1\015\012");
590		954
591	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read	955	# we expect "ERROR" or "OK" as response, so push a line read
592	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	956	$handle->push_read (line => sub {
593	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,	957	# if we got an "OK", we have to _prepend_ another line,
…		…
600	...	964	...
601	});	965	});
602	}	966	}
603	});	967	});
604		968
605	# request two	969	# request two, simply returns 64 octets
606	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");	970	$handle->push_write ("request 2\015\012");
607		971
608	# simply read 64 bytes, always	972	# simply read 64 bytes, always
609	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {	973	$handle->push_read (chunk => 64, sub {
610	my $response = $_[1];	974	my $response = $_[1];
…		…
616	=cut	980	=cut
617		981
618	sub _drain_rbuf {	982	sub _drain_rbuf {
619	my ($self) = @_;	983	my ($self) = @_;
620		984
		985	# avoid recursion
		986	return if exists $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		987	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		988
621	if (	989	if (
622	defined $self->{rbuf_max}	990	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
623	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}	991	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
624	) {	992	) {
625	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);	993	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
626	}	994	}
627		995
628	return if $self->{in_drain};	996	while () {
629	local $self->{in_drain} = 1;	997	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		998	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		999	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1000	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
630		1001
631	while (my $len = length $self->{rbuf}) {	1002	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
632	no strict 'refs';	1003
633	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1004	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
634	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1005	unless ($cb->($self)) {
		1006	# no progress can be made
		1007	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
		1008	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
635	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1009	if $self->{_eof};
636	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
637	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1);
638	}
639		1010
640	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1011	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
641	last;	1012	last;
642	}	1013	}
643	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1014	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
		1015	last unless $len;
		1016
644	$self->{on_read}($self);	1017	$self->{on_read}($self);
645		1018
646	if (	1019	if (
647	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed	1020	$len == length $self->{rbuf} # if no data has been consumed
648	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1021	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
649	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1022	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
650	) {	1023	) {
651	# no further data will arrive	1024	# no further data will arrive
652	# so no progress can be made	1025	# so no progress can be made
653	return $self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1)	1026	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
654	if $self->{_eof};	1027	if $self->{_eof};
655		1028
656	last; # more data might arrive	1029	last; # more data might arrive
657	}	1030	}
658	} else {	1031	} else {
659	# read side becomes idle	1032	# read side becomes idle
660	delete $self->{_rw};	1033	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
661	last;	1034	last;
662	}	1035	}
663	}	1036	}
664		1037
		1038	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1039	$self->{on_eof}
665	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1040	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
666	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	1041	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1042
		1043	return;
		1044	}
667		1045
668	# may need to restart read watcher	1046	# may need to restart read watcher
669	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1047	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
670	$self->start_read	1048	$self->start_read
671	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	1049	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
689		1067
690	=item $handle->rbuf	1068	=item $handle->rbuf
691		1069
692	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1070	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
693		1071
694	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1072	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
695	you want.	1073	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1074	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1075	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1076	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
696		1077
697	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1078	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
698	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1079	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
699	automatically manage the read buffer.	1080	automatically manage the read buffer.
700		1081
…		…
797	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");	1178	$cb->($_[0], substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $len, "");
798	1	1179	1
799	}	1180	}
800	};	1181	};
801		1182
802	# compatibility with older API
803	sub push_read_chunk {
804	$_[0]->push_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
805	}
806
807	sub unshift_read_chunk {
808	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $_[1], $_[2]);
809	}
810
811	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)	1183	=item line => [$eol, ]$cb->($handle, $line, $eol)
812		1184
813	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of	1185	The callback will be called only once a full line (including the end of
814	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line	1186	line marker, C<$eol>) has been read. This line (excluding the end of line
815	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and	1187	marker) will be passed to the callback as second argument (C<$line>), and
…		…
830	=cut	1202	=cut
831		1203
832	register_read_type line => sub {	1204	register_read_type line => sub {
833	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;	1205	my ($self, $cb, $eol) = @_;
834		1206
835	$eol = qr|(\015?\012)| if @_ < 3;	1207	if (@_ < 3) {
836	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;	1208	# this is more than twice as fast as the generic code below
837	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
838
839	sub {	1209	sub {
840	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;	1210	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^([^\015\012]*)(\015?\012)// or return;
841		1211
842	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);	1212	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
843	1
844	}
845	};
846
847	# compatibility with older API
848	sub push_read_line {
849	my $self = shift;
850	$self->push_read (line => @_);
851	}
852
853	sub unshift_read_line {
854	my $self = shift;
855	$self->unshift_read (line => @_);
856	}
857
858	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
859
860	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
861
862	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
863
864	=cut
865
866	register_read_type netstring => sub {
867	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
868
869	sub {
870	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
871	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
872	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
873	}	1213	1
874	return;
875	}	1214	}
		1215	} else {
		1216	$eol = quotemeta $eol unless ref $eol;
		1217	$eol = qr|^(.*?)($eol)|s;
876		1218
877	my $len = $1;	1219	sub {
		1220	$_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/$eol// or return;
878		1221
879	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1222	$cb->($_[0], $1, $2);
880	my $string = $_[1];
881	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
882	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
883	$cb->($_[0], $string);
884	} else {
885	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);
886	}
887	});	1223	1
888	});	1224	}
889
890	1
891	}	1225	}
892	};	1226	};
893		1227
894	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)	1228	=item regex => $accept[, $reject[, $skip], $cb->($handle, $data)
895		1229
…		…
947	return 1;	1281	return 1;
948	}	1282	}
949		1283
950	# reject	1284	# reject
951	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1285	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
952	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1286	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
953	}	1287	}
954		1288
955	# skip	1289	# skip
956	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1290	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
957	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1291	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
959		1293
960	()	1294	()
961	}	1295	}
962	};	1296	};
963		1297
		1298	=item netstring => $cb->($handle, $string)
		1299
		1300	A netstring (http://cr.yp.to/proto/netstrings.txt, this is not an endorsement).
		1301
		1302	Throws an error with C<$!> set to EBADMSG on format violations.
		1303
		1304	=cut
		1305
		1306	register_read_type netstring => sub {
		1307	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1308
		1309	sub {
		1310	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
		1311	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
		1312	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1313	}
		1314	return;
		1315	}
		1316
		1317	my $len = $1;
		1318
		1319	$self->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1320	my $string = $_[1];
		1321	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
		1322	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
		1323	$cb->($_[0], $string);
		1324	} else {
		1325	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1326	}
		1327	});
		1328	});
		1329
		1330	1
		1331	}
		1332	};
		1333
		1334	=item packstring => $format, $cb->($handle, $string)
		1335
		1336	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
		1337	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
		1338	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
		1339	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
		1340
		1341	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1342	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
		1343
		1344	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
		1345	format (very efficient).
		1346
		1347	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
		1348	my ($handle, $data) = @_;
		1349	});
		1350
		1351	=cut
		1352
		1353	register_read_type packstring => sub {
		1354	my ($self, $cb, $format) = @_;
		1355
		1356	sub {
		1357	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1358	defined (my $len = eval { unpack $format, $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1359	or return;
		1360
		1361	$format = length pack $format, $len;
		1362
		1363	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1364	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1365	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1366	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1367	$cb->($_[0], $data);
		1368	} else {
		1369	# remove prefix
		1370	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1371
		1372	# read remaining chunk
		1373	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, $cb);
		1374	}
		1375
		1376	1
		1377	}
		1378	};
		1379
964	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1380	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
965		1381
966	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1382	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1383	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
967		1384
968	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1385	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
969	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1386	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
970		1387
971	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1388	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
978	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.	1395	the C<json> write type description, above, for an actual example.
979		1396
980	=cut	1397	=cut
981		1398
982	register_read_type json => sub {	1399	register_read_type json => sub {
983	my ($self, $cb, $accept, $reject, $skip) = @_;	1400	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
984		1401
985	require JSON;	1402	my $json = $self->{json} ||=
		1403	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1404	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 };
986		1405
987	my $data;	1406	my $data;
988	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1407	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
989		1408
990	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
991
992	sub {	1409	sub {
993	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1410	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
994		1411
995	if ($ref) {	1412	if ($ref) {
996	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1413	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
997	$json->incr_text = "";	1414	$json->incr_text = "";
998	$cb->($self, $ref);	1415	$cb->($self, $ref);
999		1416
1000	1	1417	1
		1418	} elsif ($@) {
		1419	# error case
		1420	$json->incr_skip;
		1421
		1422	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1423	$json->incr_text = "";
		1424
		1425	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1426
		1427	()
1001	} else {	1428	} else {
1002	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1429	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1430
1003	()	1431	()
1004	}	1432	}
		1433	}
		1434	};
		1435
		1436	=item storable => $cb->($handle, $ref)
		1437
		1438	Deserialises a L<Storable> frozen representation as written by the
		1439	C<storable> write type (BER-encoded length prefix followed by nfreeze'd
		1440	data).
		1441
		1442	Raises C<EBADMSG> error if the data could not be decoded.
		1443
		1444	=cut
		1445
		1446	register_read_type storable => sub {
		1447	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		1448
		1449	require Storable;
		1450
		1451	sub {
		1452	# when we can use 5.10 we can use ".", but for 5.8 we use the re-pack method
		1453	defined (my $len = eval { unpack "w", $_[0]{rbuf} })
		1454	or return;
		1455
		1456	my $format = length pack "w", $len;
		1457
		1458	# bypass unshift if we already have the remaining chunk
		1459	if ($format + $len <= length $_[0]{rbuf}) {
		1460	my $data = substr $_[0]{rbuf}, $format, $len;
		1461	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format + $len, "";
		1462	$cb->($_[0], Storable::thaw ($data));
		1463	} else {
		1464	# remove prefix
		1465	substr $_[0]{rbuf}, 0, $format, "";
		1466
		1467	# read remaining chunk
		1468	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
		1469	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
		1470	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
		1471	} else {
		1472	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1473	}
		1474	});
		1475	}
		1476
		1477	1
1005	}	1478	}
1006	};	1479	};
1007		1480
1008	=back	1481	=back
1009		1482
…		…
1039	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1512	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1040	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1513	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1041	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1514	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1042	there are any read requests in the queue.	1515	there are any read requests in the queue.
1043		1516
		1517	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1518	half-duplex connections).
		1519
1044	=cut	1520	=cut
1045		1521
1046	sub stop_read {	1522	sub stop_read {
1047	my ($self) = @_;	1523	my ($self) = @_;
1048		1524
1049	delete $self->{_rw};	1525	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1050	}	1526	}
1051		1527
1052	sub start_read {	1528	sub start_read {
1053	my ($self) = @_;	1529	my ($self) = @_;
1054		1530
1055	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1531	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1056	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1532	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1057		1533
1058	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1534	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {
1059	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1535	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1060	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1536	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1061		1537
1062	if ($len > 0) {	1538	if ($len > 0) {
1063	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1539	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
1064		1540
1065	$self->{filter_r}	1541	if ($self->{tls}) {
1066	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1542	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
		1543
		1544	&_dotls ($self);
		1545	} else {
1067	: $self->_drain_rbuf;	1546	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1547	}
1068		1548
1069	} elsif (defined $len) {	1549	} elsif (defined $len) {
1070	delete $self->{_rw};	1550	delete $self->{_rw};
1071	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1551	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1072	$self->_drain_rbuf;	1552	$self->_drain_rbuf;
…		…
1076	}	1556	}
1077	});	1557	});
1078	}	1558	}
1079	}	1559	}
1080		1560
		1561	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1562	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1563
		1564	sub _tls_error {
		1565	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1566
		1567	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1568	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1569
		1570	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1571
		1572	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1573	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1574
		1575	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1576	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1577	&_freetls;
		1578	} else {
		1579	&_freetls;
		1580	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1581	}
		1582	}
		1583
		1584	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1585	# also decode read data if possible
		1586	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1587	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1588	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1081	sub _dotls {	1589	sub _dotls {
1082	my ($self) = @_;	1590	my ($self) = @_;
1083		1591
1084	my $buf;	1592	my $tmp;
1085		1593
1086	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1594	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1087	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1595	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1088	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1596	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1089	}	1597	}
1090	}
1091		1598
		1599	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1600	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1601	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1602	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1603	}
		1604
		1605	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1606	unless (length $tmp) {
		1607	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1608	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1609	&_freetls;
		1610
		1611	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1612	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1613	return;
		1614	} else {
		1615	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1616	delete $self->{_rw};
		1617	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1618	}
		1619	}
		1620
		1621	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1622	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1623	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1624	}
		1625
		1626	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1627	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1628	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1629	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1630
1092	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1631	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1093	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1632	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1094	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1633	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1095	}	1634	}
1096		1635
1097	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1636	$self->{_on_starttls}
1098	if (length $buf) {	1637	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1099	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1638	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1100	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1101	} else {
1102	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1103	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1104	$self->_shutdown;
1105	return;
1106	}
1107	}
1108
1109	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1110
1111	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1112	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1113	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1114	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1115	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1116	}
1117
1118	# all others are fine for our purposes
1119	}
1120	}	1639	}
1121		1640
1122	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1641	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1123		1642
1124	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1643	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1125	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1644	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1126	C<starttls>.	1645	C<starttls>.
1127		1646
		1647	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1648	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1649	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1650
1128	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1651	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1129	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1652	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1130		1653
1131	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1654	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1132	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1655	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1656	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1657	construct a new context.
1133		1658
1134	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1659	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1135	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1660	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1136	might have already started when this function returns.	1661	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1662	when this function returns.
1137		1663
		1664	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1665	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1666	stopping TLS.
		1667
1138	=cut	1668	=cut
		1669
		1670	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1139		1671
1140	sub starttls {	1672	sub starttls {
1141	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1673	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1142		1674
1143	$self->stoptls;	1675	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1676	if $self->{tls};
1144		1677
1145	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1678	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1146	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1679	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1147	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1680
1148	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1681	return unless $self->{fh};
1149	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1682
1150	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1683	require Net::SSLeay;
		1684
		1685	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1686	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1687
		1688	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1689	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1690
		1691	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1692
		1693	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1694	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1695
		1696	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1697	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1698	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1699	} else {
		1700	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1701	}
		1702	}
1151	}	1703
1152		1704	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1153	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1705	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1154		1706
1155	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1707	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1156	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1708	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1157	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1709	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1158	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1710	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1159	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1711	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1712	#
		1713	# in short: this is a mess.
		1714	#
		1715	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1716	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1717	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1718	# have identity issues in that area.
1160	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1719	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1161	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1720	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1162	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1721	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1722	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1163		1723
1164	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1724	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1165	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1725	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1166		1726
1167	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1727	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1168		1728
1169	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1729	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1170	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1730	if $self->{on_starttls};
1171	&_dotls;	1731
1172	};	1732	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1173	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1733	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1174	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1175	&_dotls;
1176	};
1177	}	1734	}
1178		1735
1179	=item $handle->stoptls	1736	=item $handle->stoptls
1180		1737
1181	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1738	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1182	lost.	1739	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1740	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1741	the stream afterwards.
1183		1742
1184	=cut	1743	=cut
1185		1744
1186	sub stoptls {	1745	sub stoptls {
1187	my ($self) = @_;	1746	my ($self) = @_;
1188		1747
1189	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1748	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1749	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1190		1750
1191	delete $self->{_rbio};	1751	&_dotls;
1192	delete $self->{_wbio};	1752
1193	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1753	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1194	delete $self->{filter_r};	1754	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1195	delete $self->{filter_w};	1755	# &_freetls;#d#
		1756	}
		1757	}
		1758
		1759	sub _freetls {
		1760	my ($self) = @_;
		1761
		1762	return unless $self->{tls};
		1763
		1764	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1765	if ref $self->{tls};
		1766
		1767	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1196	}	1768	}
1197		1769
1198	sub DESTROY {	1770	sub DESTROY {
1199	my $self = shift;	1771	my ($self) = @_;
1200		1772
1201	$self->stoptls;	1773	&_freetls;
		1774
		1775	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
		1776
		1777	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
		1778	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
		1779	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
		1780
		1781	my @linger;
		1782
		1783	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {
		1784	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
		1785
		1786	if ($len > 0) {
		1787	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
		1788	} else {
		1789	@linger = (); # end
		1790	}
		1791	});
		1792	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {
		1793	@linger = ();
		1794	});
		1795	}
		1796	}
		1797
		1798	=item $handle->destroy
		1799
		1800	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1801	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1802	will be freed. You must not call any methods on the object afterwards.
		1803
		1804	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1805	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1806	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1807	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1808	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1809	that case.
		1810
		1811	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1812	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1813	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1814	reference cycles.
		1815
		1816	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1817	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1818
		1819	=cut
		1820
		1821	sub destroy {
		1822	my ($self) = @_;
		1823
		1824	$self->DESTROY;
		1825	%$self = ();
		1826	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1827	}
		1828
		1829	{
		1830	package AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed;
		1831
		1832	sub AUTOLOAD {
		1833	#nop
		1834	}
1202	}	1835	}
1203		1836
1204	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1837	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1205		1838
1206	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1839	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1207	default for TLS mode.	1840	for TLS mode.
1208		1841
1209	The context is created like this:	1842	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1210
1211	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1212	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1213	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1214
1215	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1216
1217	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1218		1843
1219	=cut	1844	=cut
1220		1845
1221	our $TLS_CTX;	1846	our $TLS_CTX;
1222		1847
1223	sub TLS_CTX() {	1848	sub TLS_CTX() {
1224	$TLS_CTX || do {	1849	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1225	require Net::SSLeay;	1850	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1226		1851
1227	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1852	new AnyEvent::TLS
1228	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1229	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1230
1231	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1232
1233	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1234
1235	$TLS_CTX
1236	}	1853	}
1237	}	1854	}
1238		1855
1239	=back	1856	=back
		1857
		1858
		1859	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1860
		1861	=over 4
		1862
		1863	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1864	still get further invocations!
		1865
		1866	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1867	read or write callbacks.
		1868
		1869	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1870	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1871	->destroy >> method.
		1872
		1873	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1874	reading?
		1875
		1876	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1877	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1878	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1879	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1880
		1881	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1882	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1883	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1884
		1885	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1886	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1887	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1888	C<destroy> method.
		1889
		1890	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1891
		1892	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1893	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1894	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1895	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1896
		1897	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1898	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1899	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1900	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1901	});
		1902
		1903	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1904	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1905	fact, all data has been received.
		1906
		1907	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1908	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1909	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1910	explicit QUIT command.
		1911
		1912	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1913	all data has been written?
		1914
		1915	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1916	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1917	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1918	written to the socket:
		1919
		1920	$handle->push_write (...);
		1921	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1922	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1923	undef $handle;
		1924	});
		1925
		1926	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1927	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1928
		1929	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1930
		1931	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1932	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1933	parameter:
		1934
		1935	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1936	my ($fh) = @_;
		1937
		1938	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1939	fh => $fh,
		1940	tls => "connect",
		1941	on_error => sub { ... };
		1942
		1943	$handle->push_write (...);
		1944	};
		1945
		1946	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		1947
		1948	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		1949	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		1950	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		1951
		1952	E.g. for HTTPS:
		1953
		1954	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1955	my ($fh) = @_;
		1956
		1957	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1958	fh => $fh,
		1959	peername => $host,
		1960	tls => "connect",
		1961	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		1962	...
		1963
		1964	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		1965	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		1966	peername verification will be done.
		1967
		1968	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		1969	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		1970	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		1971
		1972	tls_ctx => {
		1973	verify => 1,
		1974	verify_peername => "https",
		1975	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		1976	},
		1977
		1978	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		1979
		1980	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		1981	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		1982	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		1983	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		1984	nice program for that purpose).
		1985
		1986	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		1987	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		1988	file should then look like this:
		1989
		1990	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1991	...header data
		1992	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1993	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		1994
		1995	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		1996	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		1997	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		1998
		1999	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2000	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2001
		2002	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2003	my ($fh) = @_;
		2004
		2005	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2006	fh => $fh,
		2007	tls => "accept",
		2008	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2009	...
		2010
		2011	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2012	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2013
		2014	=back
		2015
1240		2016
1241	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2017	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1242		2018
1243	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2019	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1244		2020
…		…
1248	=over 4	2024	=over 4
1249		2025
1250	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.	2026	=item * all constructor arguments become object members.
1251		2027
1252	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it	2028	At least initially, when you pass a C<tls>-argument to the constructor it
1253	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changes or	2029	will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>. Those members might be changed or
1254	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).	2030	mutated later on (for example C<tls> will hold the TLS connection object).
1255		2031
1256	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.	2032	=item * other object member names are prefixed with an C<_>.
1257		2033
1258	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed	2034	All object members not explicitly documented (internal use) are prefixed

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