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Revision 1.179 by root, Wed Aug 12 15:50:44 2009 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.22;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	);
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	filehandles.
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.	37
		38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
		39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
53		40
54	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this
55	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
56	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
57		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
		47
58	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
59	argument.	49	argument.
60		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
61	=head1 METHODS	65	=head1 METHODS
62		66
63	=over 4	67	=over 4
64		68
65	=item B<new (%args)>	69	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::TLS fh => $filehandle, key => value...
66		70
67	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	71	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
68		72
69	=over 4	73	=over 4
70		74
71	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	75	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
72		76
73	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	77	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
74
75	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking (using	78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
76	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking).	79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
		80	that mode.
77		81
		82	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		83
		84	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		85	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		86	default C<peername>.
		87
		88	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		89
		90	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		91	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		92
		93	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		94	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		95	appropriate circumstances:
		96
		97	=over 4
		98
78	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	99	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
79		100
80	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	101	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
81	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	102	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
82	connection cleanly.	103	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		104	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		105	established).
83		106
84	While not mandatory, it is highly recommended to set an eof callback,	107	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
85	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still	108	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate the default
86	waiting for data.	109	timeout is to be used).
87		110
		111	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
		112
		113	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
		114
		115	The actual numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		116	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		117
		118	When, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, then calling
		119	C<$retry> will continue with the next conenction target (in case of
		120	multi-homed hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection
		121	endpoints). When it is called then the read and write queues, eof status,
		122	tls status and similar properties of the handle are being reset.
		123
		124	In most cases, ignoring the C<$retry> parameter is the way to go.
		125
		126	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		127
		128	This callback is called when the conenction could not be
		129	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		130	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		131
		132	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		133	fatal error instead.
		134
		135	=back
		136
88	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	137	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
89		138
90	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	139	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
91	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	140	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
92	connect or a read error.	141	connect or a read error.
93		142
94	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	143	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
95	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be	144	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
		145	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
		146	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
		147	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		148	cases where the other side can close the connection at their will it is
		149	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
		150
		151	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		152	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		153	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		154	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		155
96	usable. Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is	156	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended
97	recommended to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle	157	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
98	object when this callback is invoked.	158	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
		159	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
99		160
100	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	161	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system
101	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	162	error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		163	C<EPROTO>).
102		164
103	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	165	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
104	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	166	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls
105	C<croak>.	167	C<croak>.
106		168
…		…
110	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	172	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
111	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	173	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
112	read buffer).	174	read buffer).
113		175
114	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	176	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
115	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	177	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		178	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		179	the beginning from it.
116		180
117	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	181	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
118	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	182	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
119	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	183	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
120	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	184	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
		185
		186	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		187	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		188	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		189	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		190
		191	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		192
		193	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		194	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		195	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		196	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		197	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		198
		199	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		200	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		201	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		202	down.
		203
		204	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		205	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
121		206
122	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	207	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
123		208
124	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	209	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
125	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	210	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).
…		…
132	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	217	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
133	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	218	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
134		219
135	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	220	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
136		221
		222	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		223
		224	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		225
137	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	226	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
138	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	227	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
139	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	228	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
140	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	229	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		230	error will be raised).
		231
		232	There are three variants of the timeouts that work fully independent
		233	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		234	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		235	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		236	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
141		237
142	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	238	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have
143	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	239	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
144	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	240	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout
145	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	241	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		242	restart the timeout.
146		243
147	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	244	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
148		245
149	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	246	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
150		247
…		…
154		251
155	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	252	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
156		253
157	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	254	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
158	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	255	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
159	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	256	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
160		257
161	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	258	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
162	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	259	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
163	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	260	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
164	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	261	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
165	isn't finished).	262	isn't finished).
166		263
167	=item autocork => <boolean>	264	=item autocork => <boolean>
168		265
169	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	266	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately
170	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	267	write the data to the handle, if possible. This avoids having to register
171	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	268	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
172	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	269	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
173	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	270	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		271	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
174		272
175	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	273	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop
176	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	274	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
177	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	275	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		276	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
178		277
179	=item no_delay => <boolean>	278	=item no_delay => <boolean>
180		279
181	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	280	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
182	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	281	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
183	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	282	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
184		283
185	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	284	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
186	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	285	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
187		286
188	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	287	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour (most likely
189	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	288	enabled), this option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
190		289
191	=item read_size => <bytes>	290	=item read_size => <bytes>
192		291
193	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	292	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will
194	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	293	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		294	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
195		295
196	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	296	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
197		297
198	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	298	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
199	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	299	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is
200	considered empty.	300	considered empty.
201		301
		302	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		303	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		304	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		305	is good in almost all cases.
		306
202	=item linger => <seconds>	307	=item linger => <seconds>
203		308
204	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	309	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the
205	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	310	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
206	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	311	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
207	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	312	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
208	outstanding data at socket close time).	313	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
209		314
210	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	315	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
211	encoded. This data will be lost.	316	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		317	help.
		318
		319	=item peername => $string
		320
		321	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		322	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		323
		324	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		325	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		326	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or
		327	C<undef>.
212		328
213	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	329	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
214		330
215	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means it	331	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
216	will start making tls handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	332	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the conenction has been
217	data.	333	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		334
		335	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		336	appropriate error message.
218		337
219	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	338	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
220	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	339	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		340	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		341	to add the dependency yourself.
221		342
222	For the TLS server side, use C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a	343	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
223	connection, use C<connect> mode.	344	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
		345	mode.
224		346
225	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	347	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
226	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	348	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
227	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	349	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
228	AnyEvent::Handle.	350	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		351	object.
229		352
		353	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		354	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		355	away.
		356
		357	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		358	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		359	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		360	segmentation fault.
		361
230	See the C<starttls> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.	362	See the C<< ->starttls >> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.
231		363
232	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	364	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
233		365
234	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	366	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
235	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	367	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
236	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	368	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
237		369
		370	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		371	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		372	new TLS context object.
		373
		374	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		375
		376	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		377	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		378	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		379
		380	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		381	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		382
		383	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		384	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		385
		386	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		387	called, as normal.
		388
		389	Note that you cannot call C<starttls> right again in this callback. If you
		390	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		391	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		392
		393	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		394
		395	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		396	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		397	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		398	on the handle.
		399
		400	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		401	callback.
		402
		403	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		404	underlying handle signals EOF.
		405
238	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	406	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
239		407
240	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	408	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
241		409
242	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	410	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
243	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	411	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		412	texts.
244		413
245	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	414	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
246	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	415	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
247		416
248	=item filter_r => $cb
249
250	=item filter_w => $cb
251
252	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
253
254	=back	417	=back
255		418
256	=cut	419	=cut
257		420
258	sub new {	421	sub new {
259	my $class = shift;	422	my $class = shift;
260
261	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	423	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
262		424
263	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	425	if ($self->{fh}) {
		426	$self->_start;
		427	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		428
		429	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		430	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		431
		432	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		433	unless exists $self->{peername};
		434
		435	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		436
		437	{
		438	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		439
		440	$self->{_connect} =
		441	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		442	$self->{connect}[0],
		443	$self->{connect}[1],
		444	sub {
		445	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		446
		447	if ($fh) {
		448	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		449
		450	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		451	$self->_start;
		452
		453	$self->{on_connect}
		454	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		455	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		456	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		457	&$retry;
		458	});
		459
		460	} else {
		461	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		462	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		463	$self->destroy;
		464	} else {
		465	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		466	}
		467	}
		468	},
		469	sub {
		470	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		471
		472	$self->{on_prepare}
		473	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		474	: ()
		475	}
		476	);
		477	}
		478
		479	} else {
		480	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		481	}
		482
		483	$self
		484	}
		485
		486	sub _start {
		487	my ($self) = @_;
264		488
265	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	489	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
266		490
267	if ($self->{tls}) {	491	$self->{_activity} =
268	require Net::SSLeay;	492	$self->{_ractivity} =
269	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});
270	}
271
272	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	493	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
273	$self->_timeout;
274		494
275	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	495	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		496	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout}) if $self->{rtimeout};
		497	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout}) if $self->{wtimeout};
		498
276	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};	499	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
277		500
		501	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
		502	if $self->{tls};
		503
		504	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if $self->{on_drain};
		505
278	$self->start_read	506	$self->start_read
279	if $self->{on_read};	507	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
280		508
281	$self	509	$self->_drain_wbuf;
282	}
283
284	sub _shutdown {
285	my ($self) = @_;
286
287	delete $self->{_tw};
288	delete $self->{_rw};
289	delete $self->{_ww};
290	delete $self->{fh};
291
292	$self->stoptls;
293	}	510	}
294		511
295	sub _error {	512	sub _error {
296	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	513	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
297
298	$self->_shutdown
299	if $fatal;
300		514
301	$! = $errno;	515	$! = $errno;
		516	$message ||= "$!";
302		517
303	if ($self->{on_error}) {	518	if ($self->{on_error}) {
304	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	519	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
305	} else {	520	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		521	} elsif ($self->{fh}) {
		522	$self->destroy;
306	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	523	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
307	}	524	}
308	}	525	}
309		526
310	=item $fh = $handle->fh	527	=item $fh = $handle->fh
311		528
312	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	529	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
313		530
314	=cut	531	=cut
315		532
316	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	533	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
317		534
…		…
335	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	552	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
336	}	553	}
337		554
338	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	555	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
339		556
340	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	557	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
341	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
342	argument.
343		558
344	=cut	559	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
345		560
346	sub on_timeout {	561	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
347	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	562	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
348	}	563	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		564
		565	=cut
		566
		567	# see below
349		568
350	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	569	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
351		570
352	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	571	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
353	constructor argument).	572	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
354		573
355	=cut	574	=cut
		575
		576	sub autocork {
		577	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		578	}
356		579
357	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	580	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
358		581
359	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	582	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
360	the same name for details).	583	the same name for details).
…		…
364	sub no_delay {	587	sub no_delay {
365	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	588	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
366		589
367	eval {	590	eval {
368	local $SIG{__DIE__};	591	local $SIG{__DIE__};
369	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	592	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1]
		593	if $_[0]{fh};
370	};	594	};
371	}	595	}
372		596
		597	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		598
		599	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		600
		601	=cut
		602
		603	sub on_starttls {
		604	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		605	}
		606
		607	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		608
		609	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		610
		611	=cut
		612
		613	sub on_starttls {
		614	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		615	}
		616
		617	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		618
		619	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		620
		621	=cut
		622
		623	sub rbuf_max {
		624	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		625	}
		626
373	#############################################################################	627	#############################################################################
374		628
375	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	629	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
376		630
		631	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		632
		633	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		634
377	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	635	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
378		636
379	=cut	637	=item $handle->timeout_reset
380		638
381	sub timeout {	639	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		640
		641	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		642
		643	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		644
		645	These methods are cheap to call.
		646
		647	=cut
		648
		649	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		650	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		651	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		652	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		653	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		654	my $cb;
		655
		656	*$on_timeout = sub {
		657	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		658	};
		659
		660	*$timeout = sub {
382	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	661	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
383		662
384	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	663	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
385	$self->_timeout;	664	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
386	}	665	};
387		666
		667	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		668	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		669	};
		670
		671	# main workhorse:
388	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	672	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
389	# also check for time-outs	673	# also check for time-outs
390	sub _timeout {	674	$cb = sub {
391	my ($self) = @_;	675	my ($self) = @_;
392		676
393	if ($self->{timeout}) {	677	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
394	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	678	my $NOW = AE::now;
395		679
396	# when would the timeout trigger?	680	# when would the timeout trigger?
397	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	681	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
398		682
399	# now or in the past already?	683	# now or in the past already?
400	if ($after <= 0) {	684	if ($after <= 0) {
401	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	685	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
402		686
403	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	687	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
404	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	688	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
405	} else {	689	} else {
406	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	690	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		691	}
		692
		693	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		694	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		695
		696	# calculate new after
		697	$after = $self->{$timeout};
407	}	698	}
408		699
409	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	700	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
410	return unless $self->{timeout};	701	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
411		702
412	# calculate new after	703	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
413	$after = $self->{timeout};	704	delete $self->{$tw};
		705	$cb->($self);
		706	};
		707	} else {
		708	delete $self->{$tw};
414	}	709	}
415
416	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
417	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
418
419	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
420	delete $self->{_tw};
421	$self->_timeout;
422	});
423	} else {
424	delete $self->{_tw};
425	}	710	}
426	}	711	}
427		712
428	#############################################################################	713	#############################################################################
429		714
…		…
453	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	738	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
454		739
455	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	740	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
456		741
457	$cb->($self)	742	$cb->($self)
458	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	743	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
459	}	744	}
460		745
461	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	746	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
462		747
463	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	748	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
…		…
474	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	759	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
475		760
476	my $cb = sub {	761	my $cb = sub {
477	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	762	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
478		763
479	if ($len >= 0) {	764	if (defined $len) {
480	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	765	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
481		766
482	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	767	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
483		768
484	$self->{on_drain}($self)	769	$self->{on_drain}($self)
485	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	770	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
486	&& $self->{on_drain};	771	&& $self->{on_drain};
487		772
488	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	773	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
489	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	774	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
490	$self->_error ($!, 1);	775	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
493		778
494	# try to write data immediately	779	# try to write data immediately
495	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	780	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
496		781
497	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	782	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
498	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	783	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
499	if length $self->{wbuf};	784	if length $self->{wbuf};
500	};	785	};
501	}	786	}
502		787
503	our %WH;	788	our %WH;
…		…
514		799
515	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	800	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
516	->($self, @_);	801	->($self, @_);
517	}	802	}
518		803
519	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	804	if ($self->{tls}) {
520	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	805	$self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		806	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
521	} else {	807	} else {
522	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	808	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
523	$self->_drain_wbuf;	809	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
524	}	810	}
525	}	811	}
526		812
527	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	813	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
528		814
…		…
542	=cut	828	=cut
543		829
544	register_write_type netstring => sub {	830	register_write_type netstring => sub {
545	my ($self, $string) = @_;	831	my ($self, $string) = @_;
546		832
547	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	833	(length $string) . ":$string,"
548	};	834	};
549		835
550	=item packstring => $format, $data	836	=item packstring => $format, $data
551		837
552	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	838	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
592	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	878	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
593	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	879	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
594		880
595	=cut	881	=cut
596		882
		883	sub json_coder() {
		884	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		885	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		886	}
		887
597	register_write_type json => sub {	888	register_write_type json => sub {
598	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	889	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
599		890
600	require JSON;	891	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
601		892
602	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	893	$json->encode ($ref)
603	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
604	};	894	};
605		895
606	=item storable => $reference	896	=item storable => $reference
607		897
608	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	898	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
617		907
618	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	908	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
619	};	909	};
620		910
621	=back	911	=back
		912
		913	=item $handle->push_shutdown
		914
		915	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		916	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		917	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		918	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		919	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		920
		921	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		922
		923	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		924	the peer.
		925
		926	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		927	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		928
		929	=cut
		930
		931	sub push_shutdown {
		932	my ($self) = @_;
		933
		934	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		935	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		936	}
622		937
623	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	938	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)
624		939
625	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	940	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.
626	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	941	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code
…		…
720	=cut	1035	=cut
721		1036
722	sub _drain_rbuf {	1037	sub _drain_rbuf {
723	my ($self) = @_;	1038	my ($self) = @_;
724		1039
		1040	# avoid recursion
		1041	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
725	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1042	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
726
727	if (
728	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
729	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
730	) {
731	return $self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1);
732	}
733		1043
734	while () {	1044	while () {
		1045	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1046	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1047	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1048	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1049
735	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1050	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
736		1051
737	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1052	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
738	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1053	unless ($cb->($self)) {
739	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1054	# no progress can be made
740	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1055	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
741	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last;	1056	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
742	}	1057	if $self->{_eof};
743		1058
744	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1059	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
745	last;	1060	last;
746	}	1061	}
747	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1062	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
754	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1069	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
755	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1070	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
756	) {	1071	) {
757	# no further data will arrive	1072	# no further data will arrive
758	# so no progress can be made	1073	# so no progress can be made
759	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), last	1074	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
760	if $self->{_eof};	1075	if $self->{_eof};
761		1076
762	last; # more data might arrive	1077	last; # more data might arrive
763	}	1078	}
764	} else {	1079	} else {
765	# read side becomes idle	1080	# read side becomes idle
766	delete $self->{_rw};	1081	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
767	last;	1082	last;
768	}	1083	}
769	}	1084	}
770		1085
		1086	if ($self->{_eof}) {
		1087	$self->{on_eof}
771	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1088	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
772	if $self->{_eof} && $self->{on_eof};	1089	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
		1090
		1091	return;
		1092	}
		1093
		1094	if (
		1095	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1096	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1097	) {
		1098	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
		1099	}
773		1100
774	# may need to restart read watcher	1101	# may need to restart read watcher
775	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1102	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
776	$self->start_read	1103	$self->start_read
777	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };	1104	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
…		…
788		1115
789	sub on_read {	1116	sub on_read {
790	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1117	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
791		1118
792	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1119	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
793	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1120	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
794	}	1121	}
795		1122
796	=item $handle->rbuf	1123	=item $handle->rbuf
797		1124
798	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1125	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).
799		1126
800	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1127	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >>
801	you want.	1128	member, if you want. However, the only operation allowed on the
		1129	read buffer (apart from looking at it) is removing data from its
		1130	beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to it is not allowed and will
		1131	lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
802		1132
803	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1133	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,
804	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1134	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods
805	automatically manage the read buffer.	1135	automatically manage the read buffer.
806		1136
…		…
847	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1177	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
848	->($self, $cb, @_);	1178	->($self, $cb, @_);
849	}	1179	}
850		1180
851	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1181	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
852	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1182	$self->_drain_rbuf;
853	}	1183	}
854		1184
855	sub unshift_read {	1185	sub unshift_read {
856	my $self = shift;	1186	my $self = shift;
857	my $cb = pop;	1187	my $cb = pop;
…		…
863	->($self, $cb, @_);	1193	->($self, $cb, @_);
864	}	1194	}
865		1195
866		1196
867	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1197	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
868	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1198	$self->_drain_rbuf;
869	}	1199	}
870		1200
871	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1201	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
872		1202
873	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1203	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
…		…
1006	return 1;	1336	return 1;
1007	}	1337	}
1008		1338
1009	# reject	1339	# reject
1010	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1340	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1011	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1341	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1012	}	1342	}
1013		1343
1014	# skip	1344	# skip
1015	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1345	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1016	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1346	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1032	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1362	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1033		1363
1034	sub {	1364	sub {
1035	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1365	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1036	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1366	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1037	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1367	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1038	}	1368	}
1039	return;	1369	return;
1040	}	1370	}
1041		1371
1042	my $len = $1;	1372	my $len = $1;
…		…
1045	my $string = $_[1];	1375	my $string = $_[1];
1046	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1376	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1047	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1377	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1048	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1378	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1049	} else {	1379	} else {
1050	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1380	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1051	}	1381	}
1052	});	1382	});
1053	});	1383	});
1054		1384
1055	1	1385	1
…		…
1061	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1391	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1062	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1392	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1063	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1393	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1064	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1394	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1065		1395
1066	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1396	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1397	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1067		1398
1068	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1399	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1069	format (very efficient).	1400	format (very efficient).
1070		1401
1071	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1402	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1101	}	1432	}
1102	};	1433	};
1103		1434
1104	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1435	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1105		1436
1106	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1437	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1438	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1107		1439
1108	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1440	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1109	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1441	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1110		1442
1111	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1443	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1120	=cut	1452	=cut
1121		1453
1122	register_read_type json => sub {	1454	register_read_type json => sub {
1123	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1455	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1124		1456
1125	require JSON;	1457	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1126		1458
1127	my $data;	1459	my $data;
1128	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1460	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1129		1461
1130	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1131
1132	sub {	1462	sub {
1133	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1463	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1134		1464
1135	if ($ref) {	1465	if ($ref) {
1136	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1466	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1137	$json->incr_text = "";	1467	$json->incr_text = "";
1138	$cb->($self, $ref);	1468	$cb->($self, $ref);
1139		1469
1140	1	1470	1
		1471	} elsif ($@) {
		1472	# error case
		1473	$json->incr_skip;
		1474
		1475	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1476	$json->incr_text = "";
		1477
		1478	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1479
		1480	()
1141	} else {	1481	} else {
1142	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1482	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1483
1143	()	1484	()
1144	}	1485	}
1145	}	1486	}
1146	};	1487	};
1147		1488
…		…
1179	# read remaining chunk	1520	# read remaining chunk
1180	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1521	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1181	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1522	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1182	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1523	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1183	} else {	1524	} else {
1184	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1525	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1185	}	1526	}
1186	});	1527	});
1187	}	1528	}
1188		1529
1189	1	1530	1
…		…
1224	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1565	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1225	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1566	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1226	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1567	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1227	there are any read requests in the queue.	1568	there are any read requests in the queue.
1228		1569
		1570	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1571	half-duplex connections).
		1572
1229	=cut	1573	=cut
1230		1574
1231	sub stop_read {	1575	sub stop_read {
1232	my ($self) = @_;	1576	my ($self) = @_;
1233		1577
1234	delete $self->{_rw};	1578	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1235	}	1579	}
1236		1580
1237	sub start_read {	1581	sub start_read {
1238	my ($self) = @_;	1582	my ($self) = @_;
1239		1583
1240	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1584	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {
1241	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1585	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1242		1586
1243	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1587	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1244	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1588	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1245	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1589	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1246		1590
1247	if ($len > 0) {	1591	if ($len > 0) {
1248	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1592	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1249		1593
1250	$self->{filter_r}	1594	if ($self->{tls}) {
1251	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1595	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1252	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1596
		1597	&_dotls ($self);
		1598	} else {
		1599	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1600	}
1253		1601
1254	} elsif (defined $len) {	1602	} elsif (defined $len) {
1255	delete $self->{_rw};	1603	delete $self->{_rw};
1256	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1604	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1257	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1605	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1258		1606
1259	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1607	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1260	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1608	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1261	}	1609	}
1262	});	1610	};
1263	}	1611	}
1264	}	1612	}
1265		1613
		1614	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1615	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1616
		1617	sub _tls_error {
		1618	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1619
		1620	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1621	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1622
		1623	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1624
		1625	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1626	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1627
		1628	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1629	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1630	&_freetls;
		1631	} else {
		1632	&_freetls;
		1633	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1634	}
		1635	}
		1636
		1637	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1638	# also decode read data if possible
		1639	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1640	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1641	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1266	sub _dotls {	1642	sub _dotls {
1267	my ($self) = @_;	1643	my ($self) = @_;
1268		1644
1269	my $buf;	1645	my $tmp;
1270		1646
1271	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1647	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1272	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1648	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1273	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1649	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1274	}	1650	}
1275	}
1276		1651
		1652	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1653	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1654	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1655	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1656	}
		1657
		1658	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1659	unless (length $tmp) {
		1660	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1661	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1662	&_freetls;
		1663
		1664	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1665	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1666	return;
		1667	} else {
		1668	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1669	delete $self->{_rw};
		1670	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1671	}
		1672	}
		1673
		1674	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1675	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1676	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1677	}
		1678
		1679	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1680	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1681	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1682	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1683
1277	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1684	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1278	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1685	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1279	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1686	$self->_drain_wbuf;
1280	}	1687	}
1281		1688
1282	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1689	$self->{_on_starttls}
1283	if (length $buf) {	1690	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1284	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1691	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1285	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1286	} else {
1287	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1288	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1289	$self->_shutdown;
1290	return;
1291	}
1292	}
1293
1294	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1295
1296	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1297	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1298	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1299	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1300	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1301	}
1302
1303	# all others are fine for our purposes
1304	}
1305	}	1692	}
1306		1693
1307	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1694	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1308		1695
1309	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1696	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1310	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1697	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1311	C<starttls>.	1698	C<starttls>.
1312		1699
		1700	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1701	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1702	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1703
1313	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1704	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1314	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1705	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1315		1706
1316	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1707	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1317	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1708	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1709	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1710	construct a new context.
1318		1711
1319	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1712	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1320	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1713	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1321	might have already started when this function returns.	1714	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1715	when this function returns.
1322		1716
		1717	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1718	handshakes on the same stream. Best do not attempt to use the stream after
		1719	stopping TLS.
		1720
1323	=cut	1721	=cut
		1722
		1723	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1324		1724
1325	sub starttls {	1725	sub starttls {
1326	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1726	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1327		1727
1328	$self->stoptls;	1728	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1729	if $self->{tls};
1329		1730
1330	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1731	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1331	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1732	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1332	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1733
1333	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1734	return unless $self->{fh};
1334	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1735
1335	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1736	require Net::SSLeay;
		1737
		1738	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1739	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1740
		1741	$tls = $self->{tls};
		1742	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1743
		1744	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1745
		1746	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1747	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1748
		1749	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1750	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1751	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1752	} else {
		1753	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1754	}
		1755	}
1336	}	1756
1337		1757	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1338	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1758	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1339		1759
1340	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1760	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1341	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1761	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1342	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1762	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1343	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1763	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1344	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1764	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1765	#
		1766	# in short: this is a mess.
		1767	#
		1768	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1769	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1770	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1771	# have identity issues in that area.
1345	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1772	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1346	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1773	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1347	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1774	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1775	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1348		1776
1349	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1777	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1350	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1778	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1351		1779
		1780	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1781
1352	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1782	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1353		1783
1354	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1784	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1355	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1785	if $self->{on_starttls};
1356	&_dotls;	1786
1357	};	1787	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1358	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1788	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1359	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1360	&_dotls;
1361	};
1362	}	1789	}
1363		1790
1364	=item $handle->stoptls	1791	=item $handle->stoptls
1365		1792
1366	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1793	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1367	lost.	1794	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1795	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guarenteed that you can re-use
		1796	the stream afterwards.
1368		1797
1369	=cut	1798	=cut
1370		1799
1371	sub stoptls {	1800	sub stoptls {
1372	my ($self) = @_;	1801	my ($self) = @_;
1373		1802
1374	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1803	if ($self->{tls}) {
		1804	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1375		1805
1376	delete $self->{_rbio};	1806	&_dotls;
1377	delete $self->{_wbio};	1807
1378	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1808	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1379	delete $self->{filter_r};	1809	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1380	delete $self->{filter_w};	1810	# &_freetls;#d#
		1811	}
		1812	}
		1813
		1814	sub _freetls {
		1815	my ($self) = @_;
		1816
		1817	return unless $self->{tls};
		1818
		1819	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1820	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1821
		1822	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1381	}	1823	}
1382		1824
1383	sub DESTROY {	1825	sub DESTROY {
1384	my $self = shift;	1826	my ($self) = @_;
1385		1827
1386	$self->stoptls;	1828	&_freetls;
1387		1829
1388	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1830	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1389		1831
1390	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1832	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1391	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1833	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1392	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1834	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1393		1835
1394	my @linger;	1836	my @linger;
1395		1837
1396	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	1838	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1397	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	1839	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1398		1840
1399	if ($len > 0) {	1841	if ($len > 0) {
1400	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	1842	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1401	} else {	1843	} else {
1402	@linger = (); # end	1844	@linger = (); # end
1403	}	1845	}
1404	});	1846	};
1405	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	1847	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1406	@linger = ();	1848	@linger = ();
1407	});	1849	};
1408	}	1850	}
		1851	}
		1852
		1853	=item $handle->destroy
		1854
		1855	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		1856	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		1857	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		1858	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		1859	empty list).
		1860
		1861	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		1862	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		1863	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		1864	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		1865	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		1866	that case.
		1867
		1868	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		1869	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		1870	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		1871	reference cycles.
		1872
		1873	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		1874	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		1875
		1876	=cut
		1877
		1878	sub destroy {
		1879	my ($self) = @_;
		1880
		1881	$self->DESTROY;
		1882	%$self = ();
		1883	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		1884	}
		1885
		1886	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		1887	#nop
1409	}	1888	}
1410		1889
1411	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	1890	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1412		1891
1413	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	1892	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1414	default for TLS mode.	1893	for TLS mode.
1415		1894
1416	The context is created like this:	1895	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1417
1418	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1419	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1420	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1421
1422	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1423
1424	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1425		1896
1426	=cut	1897	=cut
1427		1898
1428	our $TLS_CTX;	1899	our $TLS_CTX;
1429		1900
1430	sub TLS_CTX() {	1901	sub TLS_CTX() {
1431	$TLS_CTX || do {	1902	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1432	require Net::SSLeay;	1903	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1433		1904
1434	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	1905	new AnyEvent::TLS
1435	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1436	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1437
1438	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1439
1440	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1441
1442	$TLS_CTX
1443	}	1906	}
1444	}	1907	}
1445		1908
1446	=back	1909	=back
		1910
		1911
		1912	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		1913
		1914	=over 4
		1915
		1916	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		1917	still get further invocations!
		1918
		1919	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		1920	read or write callbacks.
		1921
		1922	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		1923	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		1924	->destroy >> method.
		1925
		1926	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		1927	reading?
		1928
		1929	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		1930	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently. The
		1931	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		1932	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		1933
		1934	This can mean than, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		1935	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		1936	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		1937
		1938	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		1939	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		1940	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		1941	C<destroy> method.
		1942
		1943	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		1944
		1945	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		1946	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		1947	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		1948	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		1949
		1950	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		1951	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		1952	$handle->on_error (sub {
		1953	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		1954	});
		1955
		1956	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		1957	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		1958	fact, all data has been received.
		1959
		1960	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		1961	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		1962	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		1963	explicit QUIT command.
		1964
		1965	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		1966	all data has been written?
		1967
		1968	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		1969	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		1970	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		1971	written to the socket:
		1972
		1973	$handle->push_write (...);
		1974	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		1975	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		1976	undef $handle;
		1977	});
		1978
		1979	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		1980	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		1981
		1982	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		1983
		1984	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		1985	simply connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		1986	parameter:
		1987
		1988	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		1989	my ($fh) = @_;
		1990
		1991	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		1992	fh => $fh,
		1993	tls => "connect",
		1994	on_error => sub { ... };
		1995
		1996	$handle->push_write (...);
		1997	};
		1998
		1999	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2000
		2001	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2002	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2003	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2004
		2005	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2006
		2007	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2008	my ($fh) = @_;
		2009
		2010	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2011	fh => $fh,
		2012	peername => $host,
		2013	tls => "connect",
		2014	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2015	...
		2016
		2017	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2018	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2019	peername verification will be done.
		2020
		2021	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2022	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2023	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2024
		2025	tls_ctx => {
		2026	verify => 1,
		2027	verify_peername => "https",
		2028	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2029	},
		2030
		2031	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2032
		2033	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2034	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2035	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2036	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2037	nice program for that purpose).
		2038
		2039	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2040	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2041	file should then look like this:
		2042
		2043	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2044	...header data
		2045	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2046	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2047
		2048	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2049	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2050	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2051
		2052	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2053	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2054
		2055	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2056	my ($fh) = @_;
		2057
		2058	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2059	fh => $fh,
		2060	tls => "accept",
		2061	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2062	...
		2063
		2064	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2065	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2066
		2067	=back
		2068
1447		2069
1448	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2070	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1449		2071
1450	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2072	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1451		2073

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