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Revision 1.200 by root, Tue Oct 12 06:47:54 2010 UTC

1	package AnyEvent::Handle;
2
3	no warnings;
4	use strict qw(subs vars);
5
6	use AnyEvent ();
7	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
8	use Scalar::Util ();
9	use Carp ();
10	use Fcntl ();
11	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
12
13	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
14		2
15	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on file handles via AnyEvent	3	AnyEvent::Handle - non-blocking I/O on streaming handles via AnyEvent
16
17	=cut
18
19	our $VERSION = 4.232;
20		4
21	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
22		6
23	use AnyEvent;	7	use AnyEvent;
24	use AnyEvent::Handle;	8	use AnyEvent::Handle;
25		9
26	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;	10	my $cv = AnyEvent->condvar;
27		11
28	my $handle =	12	my $hdl; $hdl = new AnyEvent::Handle
29	AnyEvent::Handle->new (
30	fh => \*STDIN,	13	fh => \*STDIN,
31	on_eof => sub {	14	on_error => sub {
32	$cv->broadcast;	15	my ($hdl, $fatal, $msg) = @_;
33	},	16	warn "got error $msg\n";
		17	$hdl->destroy;
		18	$cv->send;
34	);	19	};
35		20
36	# send some request line	21	# send some request line
37	$handle->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");	22	$hdl->push_write ("getinfo\015\012");
38		23
39	# read the response line	24	# read the response line
40	$handle->push_read (line => sub {	25	$hdl->push_read (line => sub {
41	my ($handle, $line) = @_;	26	my ($hdl, $line) = @_;
42	warn "read line <$line>\n";	27	warn "got line <$line>\n";
43	$cv->send;	28	$cv->send;
44	});	29	});
45		30
46	$cv->recv;	31	$cv->recv;
47		32
48	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
49		34
50	This module is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on	35	This is a helper module to make it easier to do event-based I/O on
51	filehandles. For utility functions for doing non-blocking connects and accepts	36	stream-based filehandles (sockets, pipes, and other stream things).
52	on sockets see L<AnyEvent::Util>.
53		37
54	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented	38	The L<AnyEvent::Intro> tutorial contains some well-documented
55	AnyEvent::Handle examples.	39	AnyEvent::Handle examples.
56		40
57	In the following, when the documentation refers to of "bytes" then this	41	In the following, where the documentation refers to "bytes", it means
58	means characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their	42	characters. As sysread and syswrite are used for all I/O, their
59	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.	43	treatment of characters applies to this module as well.
		44
		45	At the very minimum, you should specify C<fh> or C<connect>, and the
		46	C<on_error> callback.
60		47
61	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first	48	All callbacks will be invoked with the handle object as their first
62	argument.	49	argument.
63		50
		51	=cut
		52
		53	package AnyEvent::Handle;
		54
		55	use Scalar::Util ();
		56	use List::Util ();
		57	use Carp ();
		58	use Errno qw(EAGAIN EINTR);
		59
		60	use AnyEvent (); BEGIN { AnyEvent::common_sense }
		61	use AnyEvent::Util qw(WSAEWOULDBLOCK);
		62
		63	our $VERSION = $AnyEvent::VERSION;
		64
		65	sub _load_func($) {
		66	my $func = $_[0];
		67
		68	unless (defined &$func) {
		69	my $pkg = $func;
		70	do {
		71	$pkg =~ s/::[^:]+$//
		72	or return;
		73	eval "require $pkg";
		74	} until defined &$func;
		75	}
		76
		77	\&$func
		78	}
		79
64	=head1 METHODS	80	=head1 METHODS
65		81
66	=over 4	82	=over 4
67		83
68	=item B<new (%args)>	84	=item $handle = B<new> AnyEvent::Handle fh => $filehandle, key => value...
69		85
70	The constructor supports these arguments (all as key => value pairs).	86	The constructor supports these arguments (all as C<< key => value >> pairs).
71		87
72	=over 4	88	=over 4
73		89
74	=item fh => $filehandle [MANDATORY]	90	=item fh => $filehandle [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
75		91
76	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.	92	The filehandle this L<AnyEvent::Handle> object will operate on.
77
78	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using	93	NOTE: The filehandle will be set to non-blocking mode (using
79	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in	94	C<AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking>) by the constructor and needs to stay in
80	that mode.	95	that mode.
81		96
		97	=item connect => [$host, $service] [C<fh> or C<connect> MANDATORY]
		98
		99	Try to connect to the specified host and service (port), using
		100	C<AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect>. The C<$host> additionally becomes the
		101	default C<peername>.
		102
		103	You have to specify either this parameter, or C<fh>, above.
		104
		105	It is possible to push requests on the read and write queues, and modify
		106	properties of the stream, even while AnyEvent::Handle is connecting.
		107
		108	When this parameter is specified, then the C<on_prepare>,
		109	C<on_connect_error> and C<on_connect> callbacks will be called under the
		110	appropriate circumstances:
		111
		112	=over 4
		113
82	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)	114	=item on_prepare => $cb->($handle)
83		115
84	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,	116	This (rarely used) callback is called before a new connection is
85	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the	117	attempted, but after the file handle has been created. It could be used to
86	connection cleanly.	118	prepare the file handle with parameters required for the actual connect
		119	(as opposed to settings that can be changed when the connection is already
		120	established).
87		121
88	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,	122	The return value of this callback should be the connect timeout value in
89	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the eof	123	seconds (or C<0>, or C<undef>, or the empty list, to indicate that the
90	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut	124	default timeout is to be used).
91	down.
92		125
93	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set an eof callback,	126	=item on_connect => $cb->($handle, $host, $port, $retry->())
94	otherwise you might end up with a closed socket while you are still
95	waiting for data.
96		127
97	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been	128	This callback is called when a connection has been successfully established.
98	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
99		129
		130	The peer's numeric host and port (the socket peername) are passed as
		131	parameters, together with a retry callback.
		132
		133	If, for some reason, the handle is not acceptable, calling C<$retry>
		134	will continue with the next connection target (in case of multi-homed
		135	hosts or SRV records there can be multiple connection endpoints). At the
		136	time it is called the read and write queues, eof status, tls status and
		137	similar properties of the handle will have been reset.
		138
		139	In most cases, you should ignore the C<$retry> parameter.
		140
		141	=item on_connect_error => $cb->($handle, $message)
		142
		143	This callback is called when the connection could not be
		144	established. C<$!> will contain the relevant error code, and C<$message> a
		145	message describing it (usually the same as C<"$!">).
		146
		147	If this callback isn't specified, then C<on_error> will be called with a
		148	fatal error instead.
		149
		150	=back
		151
100	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal)	152	=item on_error => $cb->($handle, $fatal, $message)
101		153
102	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error	154	This is the error callback, which is called when, well, some error
103	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to	155	occured, such as not being able to resolve the hostname, failure to
104	connect or a read error.	156	connect, or a read error.
105		157
106	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On	158	Some errors are fatal (which is indicated by C<$fatal> being true). On
107	fatal errors the handle object will be shut down and will not be usable	159	fatal errors the handle object will be destroyed (by a call to C<< ->
108	(but you are free to look at the current C< ->rbuf >). Examples of fatal	160	destroy >>) after invoking the error callback (which means you are free to
109	errors are an EOF condition with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers	161	examine the handle object). Examples of fatal errors are an EOF condition
110	(C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors.	162	with active (but unsatisifable) read watchers (C<EPIPE>) or I/O errors. In
		163	cases where the other side can close the connection at will, it is
		164	often easiest to not report C<EPIPE> errors in this callback.
111		165
		166	AnyEvent::Handle tries to find an appropriate error code for you to check
		167	against, but in some cases (TLS errors), this does not work well. It is
		168	recommended to always output the C<$message> argument in human-readable
		169	error messages (it's usually the same as C<"$!">).
		170
112	Non-fatal errors can be retried by simply returning, but it is recommended	171	Non-fatal errors can be retried by returning, but it is recommended
113	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object	172	to simply ignore this parameter and instead abondon the handle object
114	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts	173	when this callback is invoked. Examples of non-fatal errors are timeouts
115	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).	174	C<ETIMEDOUT>) or badly-formatted data (C<EBADMSG>).
116		175
117	On callback entrance, the value of C<$!> contains the operating system	176	On entry to the callback, the value of C<$!> contains the operating
118	error (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT> or C<EBADMSG>).	177	system error code (or C<ENOSPC>, C<EPIPE>, C<ETIMEDOUT>, C<EBADMSG> or
		178	C<EPROTO>).
119		179
120	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as	180	While not mandatory, it is I<highly> recommended to set this callback, as
121	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default simply calls	181	you will not be notified of errors otherwise. The default just calls
122	C<croak>.	182	C<croak>.
123		183
124	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)	184	=item on_read => $cb->($handle)
125		185
126	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives	186	This sets the default read callback, which is called when data arrives
127	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this	187	and no read request is in the queue (unlike read queue callbacks, this
128	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the	188	callback will only be called when at least one octet of data is in the
129	read buffer).	189	read buffer).
130		190
131	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>	191	To access (and remove data from) the read buffer, use the C<< ->rbuf >>
132	method or access the C<$handle->{rbuf}> member directly.	192	method or access the C<< $handle->{rbuf} >> member directly. Note that you
		193	must not enlarge or modify the read buffer, you can only remove data at
		194	the beginning from it.
133		195
		196	You can also call C<< ->push_read (...) >> or any other function that
		197	modifies the read queue. Or do both. Or ...
		198
134	When an EOF condition is detected then AnyEvent::Handle will first try to	199	When an EOF condition is detected, AnyEvent::Handle will first try to
135	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before	200	feed all the remaining data to the queued callbacks and C<on_read> before
136	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal	201	calling the C<on_eof> callback. If no progress can be made, then a fatal
137	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).	202	error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<EPIPE>).
138		203
		204	Note that, unlike requests in the read queue, an C<on_read> callback
		205	doesn't mean you I<require> some data: if there is an EOF and there
		206	are outstanding read requests then an error will be flagged. With an
		207	C<on_read> callback, the C<on_eof> callback will be invoked.
		208
		209	=item on_eof => $cb->($handle)
		210
		211	Set the callback to be called when an end-of-file condition is detected,
		212	i.e. in the case of a socket, when the other side has closed the
		213	connection cleanly, and there are no outstanding read requests in the
		214	queue (if there are read requests, then an EOF counts as an unexpected
		215	connection close and will be flagged as an error).
		216
		217	For sockets, this just means that the other side has stopped sending data,
		218	you can still try to write data, and, in fact, one can return from the EOF
		219	callback and continue writing data, as only the read part has been shut
		220	down.
		221
		222	If an EOF condition has been detected but no C<on_eof> callback has been
		223	set, then a fatal error will be raised with C<$!> set to <0>.
		224
139	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)	225	=item on_drain => $cb->($handle)
140		226
141	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty	227	This sets the callback that is called when the write buffer becomes empty
142	(or when the callback is set and the buffer is empty already).	228	(or immediately if the buffer is empty already).
143		229
144	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.	230	To append to the write buffer, use the C<< ->push_write >> method.
145		231
146	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data	232	This callback is useful when you don't want to put all of your write data
147	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents	233	into the queue at once, for example, when you want to write the contents
…		…
149	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from	235	memory and push it into the queue, but instead only read more data from
150	the file when the write queue becomes empty.	236	the file when the write queue becomes empty.
151		237
152	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds	238	=item timeout => $fractional_seconds
153		239
		240	=item rtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		241
		242	=item wtimeout => $fractional_seconds
		243
154	If non-zero, then this enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this many	244	If non-zero, then these enables an "inactivity" timeout: whenever this
155	seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying file	245	many seconds pass without a successful read or write on the underlying
156	handle, the C<on_timeout> callback will be invoked (and if that one is	246	file handle (or a call to C<timeout_reset>), the C<on_timeout> callback
157	missing, an C<ETIMEDOUT> error will be raised).	247	will be invoked (and if that one is missing, a non-fatal C<ETIMEDOUT>
		248	error will be raised).
158		249
		250	There are three variants of the timeouts that work independently
		251	of each other, for both read and write, just read, and just write:
		252	C<timeout>, C<rtimeout> and C<wtimeout>, with corresponding callbacks
		253	C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> and C<on_wtimeout>, and reset functions
		254	C<timeout_reset>, C<rtimeout_reset>, and C<wtimeout_reset>.
		255
159	Note that timeout processing is also active when you currently do not have	256	Note that timeout processing is active even when you do not have
160	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection	257	any outstanding read or write requests: If you plan to keep the connection
161	idle then you should disable the timout temporarily or ignore the timeout	258	idle then you should disable the timeout temporarily or ignore the timeout
162	in the C<on_timeout> callback.	259	in the C<on_timeout> callback, in which case AnyEvent::Handle will simply
		260	restart the timeout.
163		261
164	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.	262	Zero (the default) disables this timeout.
165		263
166	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)	264	=item on_timeout => $cb->($handle)
167		265
…		…
171		269
172	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>	270	=item rbuf_max => <bytes>
173		271
174	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)	272	If defined, then a fatal error will be raised (with C<$!> set to C<ENOSPC>)
175	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to	273	when the read buffer ever (strictly) exceeds this size. This is useful to
176	avoid denial-of-service attacks.	274	avoid some forms of denial-of-service attacks.
177		275
178	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should	276	For example, a server accepting connections from untrusted sources should
179	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on	277	be configured to accept only so-and-so much data that it cannot act on
180	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited	278	(for example, when expecting a line, an attacker could send an unlimited
181	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line	279	amount of data without a callback ever being called as long as the line
182	isn't finished).	280	isn't finished).
183		281
184	=item autocork => <boolean>	282	=item autocork => <boolean>
185		283
186	When disabled (the default), then C<push_write> will try to immediately	284	When disabled (the default), C<push_write> will try to immediately
187	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register	285	write the data to the handle if possible. This avoids having to register
188	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can be	286	a write watcher and wait for the next event loop iteration, but can
189	inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (this disadvantage is	287	be inefficient if you write multiple small chunks (on the wire, this
190	usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see C<low_delay>).	288	disadvantage is usually avoided by your kernel's nagle algorithm, see
		289	C<no_delay>, but this option can save costly syscalls).
191		290
192	When enabled, then writes will always be queued till the next event loop	291	When enabled, writes will always be queued till the next event loop
193	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,	292	iteration. This is efficient when you do many small writes per iteration,
194	but less efficient when you do a single write only.	293	but less efficient when you do a single write only per iteration (or when
		294	the write buffer often is full). It also increases write latency.
195		295
196	=item no_delay => <boolean>	296	=item no_delay => <boolean>
197		297
198	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might	298	When doing small writes on sockets, your operating system kernel might
199	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called	299	wait a bit for more data before actually sending it out. This is called
200	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.	300	the Nagle algorithm, and usually it is beneficial.
201		301
202	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which cna be	302	In some situations you want as low a delay as possible, which can be
203	accomplishd by setting this option to true.	303	accomplishd by setting this option to a true value.
204		304
205	The default is your opertaing system's default behaviour, this option	305	The default is your operating system's default behaviour (most likely
206	explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.	306	enabled). This option explicitly enables or disables it, if possible.
		307
		308	=item keepalive => <boolean>
		309
		310	Enables (default disable) the SO_KEEPALIVE option on the stream socket:
		311	normally, TCP connections have no time-out once established, so TCP
		312	connections, once established, can stay alive forever even when the other
		313	side has long gone. TCP keepalives are a cheap way to take down long-lived
		314	TCP connections when the other side becomes unreachable. While the default
		315	is OS-dependent, TCP keepalives usually kick in after around two hours,
		316	and, if the other side doesn't reply, take down the TCP connection some 10
		317	to 15 minutes later.
		318
		319	It is harmless to specify this option for file handles that do not support
		320	keepalives, and enabling it on connections that are potentially long-lived
		321	is usually a good idea.
		322
		323	=item oobinline => <boolean>
		324
		325	BSD majorly fucked up the implementation of TCP urgent data. The result
		326	is that almost no OS implements TCP according to the specs, and every OS
		327	implements it slightly differently.
		328
		329	If you want to handle TCP urgent data, then setting this flag (the default
		330	is enabled) gives you the most portable way of getting urgent data, by
		331	putting it into the stream.
		332
		333	Since BSD emulation of OOB data on top of TCP's urgent data can have
		334	security implications, AnyEvent::Handle sets this flag automatically
		335	unless explicitly specified. Note that setting this flag after
		336	establishing a connection I<may> be a bit too late (data loss could
		337	already have occured on BSD systems), but at least it will protect you
		338	from most attacks.
207		339
208	=item read_size => <bytes>	340	=item read_size => <bytes>
209		341
210	The default read block size (the amount of bytes this module will try to read	342	The default read block size (the number of bytes this module will
211	during each (loop iteration). Default: C<8192>.	343	try to read during each loop iteration, which affects memory
		344	requirements). Default: C<8192>.
212		345
213	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>	346	=item low_water_mark => <bytes>
214		347
215	Sets the amount of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write	348	Sets the number of bytes (default: C<0>) that make up an "empty" write
216	buffer: If the write reaches this size or gets even samller it is	349	buffer: If the buffer reaches this size or gets even samller it is
217	considered empty.	350	considered empty.
218		351
		352	Sometimes it can be beneficial (for performance reasons) to add data to
		353	the write buffer before it is fully drained, but this is a rare case, as
		354	the operating system kernel usually buffers data as well, so the default
		355	is good in almost all cases.
		356
219	=item linger => <seconds>	357	=item linger => <seconds>
220		358
221	If non-zero (default: C<3600>), then the destructor of the	359	If this is non-zero (default: C<3600>), the destructor of the
222	AnyEvent::Handle object will check wether there is still outstanding write	360	AnyEvent::Handle object will check whether there is still outstanding
223	data and will install a watcher that will write out this data. No errors	361	write data and will install a watcher that will write this data to the
224	will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating system treats	362	socket. No errors will be reported (this mostly matches how the operating
225	outstanding data at socket close time).	363	system treats outstanding data at socket close time).
226		364
227	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not yet been	365	This will not work for partial TLS data that could not be encoded
228	encoded. This data will be lost.	366	yet. This data will be lost. Calling the C<stoptls> method in time might
		367	help.
		368
		369	=item peername => $string
		370
		371	A string used to identify the remote site - usually the DNS hostname
		372	(I<not> IDN!) used to create the connection, rarely the IP address.
		373
		374	Apart from being useful in error messages, this string is also used in TLS
		375	peername verification (see C<verify_peername> in L<AnyEvent::TLS>). This
		376	verification will be skipped when C<peername> is not specified or is
		377	C<undef>.
229		378
230	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object	379	=item tls => "accept" | "connect" | Net::SSLeay::SSL object
231		380
232	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means	381	When this parameter is given, it enables TLS (SSL) mode, that means
233	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake and will transparently encrypt/decrypt	382	AnyEvent will start a TLS handshake as soon as the connection has been
234	data.	383	established and will transparently encrypt/decrypt data afterwards.
		384
		385	All TLS protocol errors will be signalled as C<EPROTO>, with an
		386	appropriate error message.
235		387
236	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded	388	TLS mode requires Net::SSLeay to be installed (it will be loaded
237	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle).	389	automatically when you try to create a TLS handle): this module doesn't
		390	have a dependency on that module, so if your module requires it, you have
		391	to add the dependency yourself.
238		392
239	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use	393	Unlike TCP, TLS has a server and client side: for the TLS server side, use
240	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>	394	C<accept>, and for the TLS client side of a connection, use C<connect>
241	mode.	395	mode.
242		396
243	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have	397	You can also provide your own TLS connection object, but you have
244	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>	398	to make sure that you call either C<Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state>
245	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to	399	or C<Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state> on it before you pass it to
246	AnyEvent::Handle.	400	AnyEvent::Handle. Also, this module will take ownership of this connection
		401	object.
247		402
		403	At some future point, AnyEvent::Handle might switch to another TLS
		404	implementation, then the option to use your own session object will go
		405	away.
		406
		407	B<IMPORTANT:> since Net::SSLeay "objects" are really only integers,
		408	passing in the wrong integer will lead to certain crash. This most often
		409	happens when one uses a stylish C<< tls => 1 >> and is surprised about the
		410	segmentation fault.
		411
248	See the C<starttls> method for when need to start TLS negotiation later.	412	Use the C<< ->starttls >> method if you need to start TLS negotiation later.
249		413
250	=item tls_ctx => $ssl_ctx	414	=item tls_ctx => $anyevent_tls
251		415
252	Use the given Net::SSLeay::CTX object to create the new TLS connection	416	Use the given C<AnyEvent::TLS> object to create the new TLS connection
253	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is	417	(unless a connection object was specified directly). If this parameter is
254	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.	418	missing, then AnyEvent::Handle will use C<AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX>.
255		419
		420	Instead of an object, you can also specify a hash reference with C<< key
		421	=> value >> pairs. Those will be passed to L<AnyEvent::TLS> to create a
		422	new TLS context object.
		423
		424	=item on_starttls => $cb->($handle, $success[, $error_message])
		425
		426	This callback will be invoked when the TLS/SSL handshake has finished. If
		427	C<$success> is true, then the TLS handshake succeeded, otherwise it failed
		428	(C<on_stoptls> will not be called in this case).
		429
		430	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		431	callback, even when the handshake was not successful.
		432
		433	TLS handshake failures will not cause C<on_error> to be invoked when this
		434	callback is in effect, instead, the error message will be passed to C<on_starttls>.
		435
		436	Without this callback, handshake failures lead to C<on_error> being
		437	called as usual.
		438
		439	Note that you cannot just call C<starttls> again in this callback. If you
		440	need to do that, start an zero-second timer instead whose callback can
		441	then call C<< ->starttls >> again.
		442
		443	=item on_stoptls => $cb->($handle)
		444
		445	When a SSLv3/TLS shutdown/close notify/EOF is detected and this callback is
		446	set, then it will be invoked after freeing the TLS session. If it is not,
		447	then a TLS shutdown condition will be treated like a normal EOF condition
		448	on the handle.
		449
		450	The session in C<< $handle->{tls} >> can still be examined in this
		451	callback.
		452
		453	This callback will only be called on TLS shutdowns, not when the
		454	underlying handle signals EOF.
		455
256	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object	456	=item json => JSON or JSON::XS object
257		457
258	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.	458	This is the json coder object used by the C<json> read and write types.
259		459
260	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a	460	If you don't supply it, then AnyEvent::Handle will create and use a
261	suitable one, which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON texts.	461	suitable one (on demand), which will write and expect UTF-8 encoded JSON
		462	texts.
262		463
263	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to	464	Note that you are responsible to depend on the JSON module if you want to
264	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.	465	use this functionality, as AnyEvent does not have a dependency itself.
265		466
266	=item filter_r => $cb
267
268	=item filter_w => $cb
269
270	These exist, but are undocumented at this time.
271
272	=back	467	=back
273		468
274	=cut	469	=cut
275		470
276	sub new {	471	sub new {
277	my $class = shift;	472	my $class = shift;
278
279	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;	473	my $self = bless { @_ }, $class;
280		474
281	$self->{fh} or Carp::croak "mandatory argument fh is missing";	475	if ($self->{fh}) {
		476	$self->_start;
		477	return unless $self->{fh}; # could be gone by now
		478
		479	} elsif ($self->{connect}) {
		480	require AnyEvent::Socket;
		481
		482	$self->{peername} = $self->{connect}[0]
		483	unless exists $self->{peername};
		484
		485	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		486
		487	{
		488	Scalar::Util::weaken (my $self = $self);
		489
		490	$self->{_connect} =
		491	AnyEvent::Socket::tcp_connect (
		492	$self->{connect}[0],
		493	$self->{connect}[1],
		494	sub {
		495	my ($fh, $host, $port, $retry) = @_;
		496
		497	if ($fh) {
		498	$self->{fh} = $fh;
		499
		500	delete $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
		501	$self->_start;
		502
		503	$self->{on_connect}
		504	and $self->{on_connect}($self, $host, $port, sub {
		505	delete @$self{qw(fh _tw _rtw _wtw _ww _rw _eof _queue rbuf _wbuf tls _tls_rbuf _tls_wbuf)};
		506	$self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
		507	&$retry;
		508	});
		509
		510	} else {
		511	if ($self->{on_connect_error}) {
		512	$self->{on_connect_error}($self, "$!");
		513	$self->destroy;
		514	} else {
		515	$self->_error ($!, 1);
		516	}
		517	}
		518	},
		519	sub {
		520	local $self->{fh} = $_[0];
		521
		522	$self->{on_prepare}
		523	? $self->{on_prepare}->($self)
		524	: ()
		525	}
		526	);
		527	}
		528
		529	} else {
		530	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: either an existing fh or the connect parameter must be specified";
		531	}
		532
		533	$self
		534	}
		535
		536	sub _start {
		537	my ($self) = @_;
		538
		539	# too many clueless people try to use udp and similar sockets
		540	# with AnyEvent::Handle, do them a favour.
		541	my $type = getsockopt $self->{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_TYPE ();
		542	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle: only stream sockets supported, anything else will NOT work!"
		543	if Socket::SOCK_STREAM () != (unpack "I", $type) && defined $type;
282		544
283	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;	545	AnyEvent::Util::fh_nonblocking $self->{fh}, 1;
284		546
285	if ($self->{tls}) {	547	$self->{_activity} =
286	require Net::SSLeay;	548	$self->{_ractivity} =
		549	$self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
		550
		551	$self->timeout (delete $self->{timeout} ) if $self->{timeout};
		552	$self->rtimeout (delete $self->{rtimeout} ) if $self->{rtimeout};
		553	$self->wtimeout (delete $self->{wtimeout} ) if $self->{wtimeout};
		554
		555	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay} ) if exists $self->{no_delay} && $self->{no_delay};
		556	$self->keepalive (delete $self->{keepalive}) if exists $self->{keepalive} && $self->{keepalive};
		557
		558	$self->oobinline (exists $self->{oobinline} ? delete $self->{oobinline} : 1);
		559
287	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx});	560	$self->starttls (delete $self->{tls}, delete $self->{tls_ctx})
288	}	561	if $self->{tls};
289		562
290	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;
291	$self->_timeout;
292
293	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain}) if exists $self->{on_drain};	563	$self->on_drain (delete $self->{on_drain} ) if $self->{on_drain};
294	$self->no_delay (delete $self->{no_delay}) if exists $self->{no_delay};
295		564
296	$self->start_read	565	$self->start_read
297	if $self->{on_read};	566	if $self->{on_read} || @{ $self->{_queue} };
298		567
299	$self	568	$self->_drain_wbuf;
300	}
301
302	sub _shutdown {
303	my ($self) = @_;
304
305	delete $self->{_tw};
306	delete $self->{_rw};
307	delete $self->{_ww};
308	delete $self->{fh};
309
310	$self->stoptls;
311
312	delete $self->{on_read};
313	delete $self->{_queue};
314	}	569	}
315		570
316	sub _error {	571	sub _error {
317	my ($self, $errno, $fatal) = @_;	572	my ($self, $errno, $fatal, $message) = @_;
318
319	$self->_shutdown
320	if $fatal;
321		573
322	$! = $errno;	574	$! = $errno;
		575	$message ||= "$!";
323		576
324	if ($self->{on_error}) {	577	if ($self->{on_error}) {
325	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal);	578	$self->{on_error}($self, $fatal, $message);
326	} else {	579	$self->destroy if $fatal;
		580	} elsif ($self->{fh} || $self->{connect}) {
		581	$self->destroy;
327	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $!";	582	Carp::croak "AnyEvent::Handle uncaught error: $message";
328	}	583	}
329	}	584	}
330		585
331	=item $fh = $handle->fh	586	=item $fh = $handle->fh
332		587
333	This method returns the file handle of the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.	588	This method returns the file handle used to create the L<AnyEvent::Handle> object.
334		589
335	=cut	590	=cut
336		591
337	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }	592	sub fh { $_[0]{fh} }
338		593
…		…
356	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];	611	$_[0]{on_eof} = $_[1];
357	}	612	}
358		613
359	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)	614	=item $handle->on_timeout ($cb)
360		615
361	Replace the current C<on_timeout> callback, or disables the callback	616	=item $handle->on_rtimeout ($cb)
362	(but not the timeout) if C<$cb> = C<undef>. See C<timeout> constructor
363	argument.
364		617
365	=cut	618	=item $handle->on_wtimeout ($cb)
366		619
367	sub on_timeout {	620	Replace the current C<on_timeout>, C<on_rtimeout> or C<on_wtimeout>
368	$_[0]{on_timeout} = $_[1];	621	callback, or disables the callback (but not the timeout) if C<$cb> =
369	}	622	C<undef>. See the C<timeout> constructor argument and method.
		623
		624	=cut
		625
		626	# see below
370		627
371	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)	628	=item $handle->autocork ($boolean)
372		629
373	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>	630	Enables or disables the current autocork behaviour (see C<autocork>
374	constructor argument).	631	constructor argument). Changes will only take effect on the next write.
375		632
376	=cut	633	=cut
		634
		635	sub autocork {
		636	$_[0]{autocork} = $_[1];
		637	}
377		638
378	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)	639	=item $handle->no_delay ($boolean)
379		640
380	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of	641	Enables or disables the C<no_delay> setting (see constructor argument of
381	the same name for details).	642	the same name for details).
…		…
383	=cut	644	=cut
384		645
385	sub no_delay {	646	sub no_delay {
386	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];	647	$_[0]{no_delay} = $_[1];
387		648
		649	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::IPPROTO_TCP (), Socket::TCP_NODELAY (), int $_[1]
		650	if $_[0]{fh};
		651	}
		652
		653	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		654
		655	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		656	the same name for details).
		657
		658	=cut
		659
		660	sub keepalive {
		661	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		662
388	eval {	663	eval {
389	local $SIG{__DIE__};	664	local $SIG{__DIE__};
390	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, &Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, &Socket::TCP_NODELAY, int $_[1];	665	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		666	if $_[0]{fh};
391	};	667	};
392	}	668	}
393		669
		670	=item $handle->oobinline ($boolean)
		671
		672	Enables or disables the C<oobinline> setting (see constructor argument of
		673	the same name for details).
		674
		675	=cut
		676
		677	sub oobinline {
		678	$_[0]{oobinline} = $_[1];
		679
		680	eval {
		681	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		682	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_OOBINLINE (), int $_[1]
		683	if $_[0]{fh};
		684	};
		685	}
		686
		687	=item $handle->keepalive ($boolean)
		688
		689	Enables or disables the C<keepalive> setting (see constructor argument of
		690	the same name for details).
		691
		692	=cut
		693
		694	sub keepalive {
		695	$_[0]{keepalive} = $_[1];
		696
		697	eval {
		698	local $SIG{__DIE__};
		699	setsockopt $_[0]{fh}, Socket::SOL_SOCKET (), Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE (), int $_[1]
		700	if $_[0]{fh};
		701	};
		702	}
		703
		704	=item $handle->on_starttls ($cb)
		705
		706	Replace the current C<on_starttls> callback (see the C<on_starttls> constructor argument).
		707
		708	=cut
		709
		710	sub on_starttls {
		711	$_[0]{on_starttls} = $_[1];
		712	}
		713
		714	=item $handle->on_stoptls ($cb)
		715
		716	Replace the current C<on_stoptls> callback (see the C<on_stoptls> constructor argument).
		717
		718	=cut
		719
		720	sub on_stoptls {
		721	$_[0]{on_stoptls} = $_[1];
		722	}
		723
		724	=item $handle->rbuf_max ($max_octets)
		725
		726	Configures the C<rbuf_max> setting (C<undef> disables it).
		727
		728	=cut
		729
		730	sub rbuf_max {
		731	$_[0]{rbuf_max} = $_[1];
		732	}
		733
394	#############################################################################	734	#############################################################################
395		735
396	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)	736	=item $handle->timeout ($seconds)
397		737
		738	=item $handle->rtimeout ($seconds)
		739
		740	=item $handle->wtimeout ($seconds)
		741
398	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.	742	Configures (or disables) the inactivity timeout.
399		743
400	=cut	744	=item $handle->timeout_reset
401		745
402	sub timeout {	746	=item $handle->rtimeout_reset
		747
		748	=item $handle->wtimeout_reset
		749
		750	Reset the activity timeout, as if data was received or sent.
		751
		752	These methods are cheap to call.
		753
		754	=cut
		755
		756	for my $dir ("", "r", "w") {
		757	my $timeout = "${dir}timeout";
		758	my $tw = "_${dir}tw";
		759	my $on_timeout = "on_${dir}timeout";
		760	my $activity = "_${dir}activity";
		761	my $cb;
		762
		763	*$on_timeout = sub {
		764	$_[0]{$on_timeout} = $_[1];
		765	};
		766
		767	*$timeout = sub {
403	my ($self, $timeout) = @_;	768	my ($self, $new_value) = @_;
404		769
405	$self->{timeout} = $timeout;	770	$self->{$timeout} = $new_value;
406	$self->_timeout;	771	delete $self->{$tw}; &$cb;
407	}	772	};
408		773
		774	*{"${dir}timeout_reset"} = sub {
		775	$_[0]{$activity} = AE::now;
		776	};
		777
		778	# main workhorse:
409	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary	779	# reset the timeout watcher, as neccessary
410	# also check for time-outs	780	# also check for time-outs
411	sub _timeout {	781	$cb = sub {
412	my ($self) = @_;	782	my ($self) = @_;
413		783
414	if ($self->{timeout}) {	784	if ($self->{$timeout} && $self->{fh}) {
415	my $NOW = AnyEvent->now;	785	my $NOW = AE::now;
416		786
417	# when would the timeout trigger?	787	# when would the timeout trigger?
418	my $after = $self->{_activity} + $self->{timeout} - $NOW;	788	my $after = $self->{$activity} + $self->{$timeout} - $NOW;
419		789
420	# now or in the past already?	790	# now or in the past already?
421	if ($after <= 0) {	791	if ($after <= 0) {
422	$self->{_activity} = $NOW;	792	$self->{$activity} = $NOW;
423		793
424	if ($self->{on_timeout}) {	794	if ($self->{$on_timeout}) {
425	$self->{on_timeout}($self);	795	$self->{$on_timeout}($self);
426	} else {	796	} else {
427	$self->_error (&Errno::ETIMEDOUT);	797	$self->_error (Errno::ETIMEDOUT);
		798	}
		799
		800	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise
		801	return unless $self->{$timeout};
		802
		803	# calculate new after
		804	$after = $self->{$timeout};
428	}	805	}
429		806
430	# callback could have changed timeout value, optimise	807	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
431	return unless $self->{timeout};	808	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
432		809
433	# calculate new after	810	$self->{$tw} ||= AE::timer $after, 0, sub {
434	$after = $self->{timeout};	811	delete $self->{$tw};
		812	$cb->($self);
		813	};
		814	} else {
		815	delete $self->{$tw};
435	}	816	}
436
437	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
438	return unless $self; # ->error could have destroyed $self
439
440	$self->{_tw} ||= AnyEvent->timer (after => $after, cb => sub {
441	delete $self->{_tw};
442	$self->_timeout;
443	});
444	} else {
445	delete $self->{_tw};
446	}	817	}
447	}	818	}
448		819
449	#############################################################################	820	#############################################################################
450		821
…		…
466	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)	837	=item $handle->on_drain ($cb)
467		838
468	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of	839	Sets the C<on_drain> callback or clears it (see the description of
469	C<on_drain> in the constructor).	840	C<on_drain> in the constructor).
470		841
		842	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		843	destroyed after it returns).
		844
471	=cut	845	=cut
472		846
473	sub on_drain {	847	sub on_drain {
474	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	848	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
475		849
476	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;	850	$self->{on_drain} = $cb;
477		851
478	$cb->($self)	852	$cb->($self)
479	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf};	853	if $cb && $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf});
480	}	854	}
481		855
482	=item $handle->push_write ($data)	856	=item $handle->push_write ($data)
483		857
484	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you	858	Queues the given scalar to be written. You can push as much data as you
485	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>	859	want (only limited by the available memory), as C<AnyEvent::Handle>
486	buffers it independently of the kernel.	860	buffers it independently of the kernel.
487		861
		862	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		863	destroyed after it returns).
		864
488	=cut	865	=cut
489		866
490	sub _drain_wbuf {	867	sub _drain_wbuf {
491	my ($self) = @_;	868	my ($self) = @_;
492		869
…		…
495	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	872	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
496		873
497	my $cb = sub {	874	my $cb = sub {
498	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};	875	my $len = syswrite $self->{fh}, $self->{wbuf};
499		876
500	if ($len >= 0) {	877	if (defined $len) {
501	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	878	substr $self->{wbuf}, 0, $len, "";
502		879
503	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	880	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_wactivity} = AE::now;
504		881
505	$self->{on_drain}($self)	882	$self->{on_drain}($self)
506	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= length $self->{wbuf}	883	if $self->{low_water_mark} >= (length $self->{wbuf}) + (length $self->{_tls_wbuf})
507	&& $self->{on_drain};	884	&& $self->{on_drain};
508		885
509	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};	886	delete $self->{_ww} unless length $self->{wbuf};
510	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	887	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
511	$self->_error ($!, 1);	888	$self->_error ($!, 1);
…		…
514		891
515	# try to write data immediately	892	# try to write data immediately
516	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};	893	$cb->() unless $self->{autocork};
517		894
518	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll	895	# if still data left in wbuf, we need to poll
519	$self->{_ww} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "w", cb => $cb)	896	$self->{_ww} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 1, $cb
520	if length $self->{wbuf};	897	if length $self->{wbuf};
521	};	898	};
522	}	899	}
523		900
524	our %WH;	901	our %WH;
525		902
		903	# deprecated
526	sub register_write_type($$) {	904	sub register_write_type($$) {
527	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];	905	$WH{$_[0]} = $_[1];
528	}	906	}
529		907
530	sub push_write {	908	sub push_write {
531	my $self = shift;	909	my $self = shift;
532		910
533	if (@_ > 1) {	911	if (@_ > 1) {
534	my $type = shift;	912	my $type = shift;
535		913
		914	@_ = ($WH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_write_type"
536	@_ = ($WH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")	915	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_write")
537	->($self, @_);	916	->($self, @_);
538	}	917	}
539		918
		919	# we downgrade here to avoid hard-to-track-down bugs,
		920	# and diagnose the problem earlier and better.
		921
540	if ($self->{filter_w}) {	922	if ($self->{tls}) {
541	$self->{filter_w}($self, \$_[0]);	923	utf8::downgrade $self->{_tls_wbuf} .= $_[0];
		924	&_dotls ($self) if $self->{fh};
542	} else {	925	} else {
543	$self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];	926	utf8::downgrade $self->{wbuf} .= $_[0];
544	$self->_drain_wbuf;	927	$self->_drain_wbuf if $self->{fh};
545	}	928	}
546	}	929	}
547		930
548	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)	931	=item $handle->push_write (type => @args)
549		932
550	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module do	933	Instead of formatting your data yourself, you can also let this module
551	the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments.	934	do the job by specifying a type and type-specific arguments. You
		935	can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in which
		936	case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		937	C<anyevent_write_type> function inside (see "custom write types", below).
552		938
553	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	939	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
554	drop by and tell us):	940	drop by and tell us):
555		941
556	=over 4	942	=over 4
…		…
563	=cut	949	=cut
564		950
565	register_write_type netstring => sub {	951	register_write_type netstring => sub {
566	my ($self, $string) = @_;	952	my ($self, $string) = @_;
567		953
568	sprintf "%d:%s,", (length $string), $string	954	(length $string) . ":$string,"
569	};	955	};
570		956
571	=item packstring => $format, $data	957	=item packstring => $format, $data
572		958
573	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	959	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
…		…
613	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass	999	Other languages could read single lines terminated by a newline and pass
614	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.	1000	this line into their JSON decoder of choice.
615		1001
616	=cut	1002	=cut
617		1003
		1004	sub json_coder() {
		1005	eval { require JSON::XS; JSON::XS->new->utf8 }
		1006	|| do { require JSON; JSON->new->utf8 }
		1007	}
		1008
618	register_write_type json => sub {	1009	register_write_type json => sub {
619	my ($self, $ref) = @_;	1010	my ($self, $ref) = @_;
620		1011
621	require JSON;	1012	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
622		1013
623	$self->{json} ? $self->{json}->encode ($ref)	1014	$json->encode ($ref)
624	: JSON::encode_json ($ref)
625	};	1015	};
626		1016
627	=item storable => $reference	1017	=item storable => $reference
628		1018
629	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the	1019	Freezes the given reference using L<Storable> and writes it to the
…		…
639	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)	1029	pack "w/a*", Storable::nfreeze ($ref)
640	};	1030	};
641		1031
642	=back	1032	=back
643		1033
644	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_write_type type => $coderef->($handle, @args)	1034	=item $handle->push_shutdown
645		1035
646	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_write>.	1036	Sometimes you know you want to close the socket after writing your data
		1037	before it was actually written. One way to do that is to replace your
		1038	C<on_drain> handler by a callback that shuts down the socket (and set
		1039	C<low_water_mark> to C<0>). This method is a shorthand for just that, and
		1040	replaces the C<on_drain> callback with:
		1041
		1042	sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 } # for push_shutdown
		1043
		1044	This simply shuts down the write side and signals an EOF condition to the
		1045	the peer.
		1046
		1047	You can rely on the normal read queue and C<on_eof> handling
		1048	afterwards. This is the cleanest way to close a connection.
		1049
		1050	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1051	destroyed after it returns).
		1052
		1053	=cut
		1054
		1055	sub push_shutdown {
		1056	my ($self) = @_;
		1057
		1058	delete $self->{low_water_mark};
		1059	$self->on_drain (sub { shutdown $_[0]{fh}, 1 });
		1060	}
		1061
		1062	=item custom write types - Package::anyevent_write_type $handle, @args
		1063
		1064	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name of
		1065	a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to find
		1066	a function named C<anyevent_write_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1067	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1068	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
		1069
647	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will invoke the code	1070	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_write> will the function with
648	reference with the handle object and the remaining arguments.	1071	the handle object and the remaining arguments.
649		1072
650	The code reference is supposed to return a single octet string that will	1073	The function is supposed to return a single octet string that will be
651	be appended to the write buffer.	1074	appended to the write buffer, so you cna mentally treat this function as a
		1075	"arguments to on-the-wire-format" converter.
652		1076
653	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be	1077	Example: implement a custom write type C<join> that joins the remaining
654	global, so try to use unique names.	1078	arguments using the first one.
		1079
		1080	$handle->push_write (My::Type => " ", 1,2,3);
		1081
		1082	# uses the following package, which can be defined in the "My::Type" or in
		1083	# the "My" modules to be auto-loaded, or just about anywhere when the
		1084	# My::Type::anyevent_write_type is defined before invoking it.
		1085
		1086	package My::Type;
		1087
		1088	sub anyevent_write_type {
		1089	my ($handle, $delim, @args) = @_;
		1090
		1091	join $delim, @args
		1092	}
655		1093
656	=cut	1094	=cut
657		1095
658	#############################################################################	1096	#############################################################################
659		1097
…		…
668	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using	1106	ways, the "simple" way, using only C<on_read> and the "complex" way, using
669	a queue.	1107	a queue.
670		1108
671	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever	1109	In the simple case, you just install an C<on_read> callback and whenever
672	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if	1110	new data arrives, it will be called. You can then remove some data (if
673	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you cna	1111	enough is there) from the read buffer (C<< $handle->rbuf >>). Or you can
674	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a	1112	leave the data there if you want to accumulate more (e.g. when only a
675	partial message has been received so far).	1113	partial message has been received so far), or change the read queue with
		1114	e.g. C<push_read>.
676		1115
677	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this	1116	In the more complex case, you want to queue multiple callbacks. In this
678	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new	1117	case, AnyEvent::Handle will call the first queued callback each time new
679	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and removes it when it has	1118	data arrives (also the first time it is queued) and remove it when it has
680	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).	1119	done its job (see C<push_read>, below).
681		1120
682	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading	1121	This way you can, for example, push three line-reads, followed by reading
683	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.	1122	a chunk of data, and AnyEvent::Handle will execute them in order.
684		1123
…		…
741	=cut	1180	=cut
742		1181
743	sub _drain_rbuf {	1182	sub _drain_rbuf {
744	my ($self) = @_;	1183	my ($self) = @_;
745		1184
		1185	# avoid recursion
		1186	return if $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf};
746	local $self->{_in_drain} = 1;	1187	local $self->{_skip_drain_rbuf} = 1;
747
748	if (
749	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
750	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
751	) {
752	$self->_error (&Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
753	}
754		1188
755	while () {	1189	while () {
		1190	# we need to use a separate tls read buffer, as we must not receive data while
		1191	# we are draining the buffer, and this can only happen with TLS.
		1192	$self->{rbuf} .= delete $self->{_tls_rbuf}
		1193	if exists $self->{_tls_rbuf};
		1194
756	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};	1195	my $len = length $self->{rbuf};
757		1196
758	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {	1197	if (my $cb = shift @{ $self->{_queue} }) {
759	unless ($cb->($self)) {	1198	unless ($cb->($self)) {
760	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1199	# no progress can be made
761	# no progress can be made (not enough data and no data forthcoming)	1200	# (not enough data and no data forthcoming)
762	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return;	1201	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
763	}	1202	if $self->{_eof};
764		1203
765	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1204	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
766	last;	1205	last;
767	}	1206	}
768	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {	1207	} elsif ($self->{on_read}) {
…		…
775	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty	1214	&& !@{ $self->{_queue} } # and the queue is still empty
776	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read	1215	&& $self->{on_read} # but we still have on_read
777	) {	1216	) {
778	# no further data will arrive	1217	# no further data will arrive
779	# so no progress can be made	1218	# so no progress can be made
780	$self->_error (&Errno::EPIPE, 1), return	1219	$self->_error (Errno::EPIPE, 1), return
781	if $self->{_eof};	1220	if $self->{_eof};
782		1221
783	last; # more data might arrive	1222	last; # more data might arrive
784	}	1223	}
785	} else {	1224	} else {
786	# read side becomes idle	1225	# read side becomes idle
787	delete $self->{_rw};	1226	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
788	last;	1227	last;
789	}	1228	}
790	}	1229	}
791		1230
792	if ($self->{_eof}) {	1231	if ($self->{_eof}) {
793	if ($self->{on_eof}) {	1232	$self->{on_eof}
794	$self->{on_eof}($self)	1233	? $self->{on_eof}($self)
795	} else {	1234	: $self->_error (0, 1, "Unexpected end-of-file");
796	$self->_error (0, 1);	1235
797	}	1236	return;
		1237	}
		1238
		1239	if (
		1240	defined $self->{rbuf_max}
		1241	&& $self->{rbuf_max} < length $self->{rbuf}
		1242	) {
		1243	$self->_error (Errno::ENOSPC, 1), return;
798	}	1244	}
799		1245
800	# may need to restart read watcher	1246	# may need to restart read watcher
801	unless ($self->{_rw}) {	1247	unless ($self->{_rw}) {
802	$self->start_read	1248	$self->start_read
…		…
808		1254
809	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when	1255	This replaces the currently set C<on_read> callback, or clears it (when
810	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the	1256	the new callback is C<undef>). See the description of C<on_read> in the
811	constructor.	1257	constructor.
812		1258
		1259	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1260	destroyed after it returns).
		1261
813	=cut	1262	=cut
814		1263
815	sub on_read {	1264	sub on_read {
816	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1265	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
817		1266
818	$self->{on_read} = $cb;	1267	$self->{on_read} = $cb;
819	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb && !$self->{_in_drain};	1268	$self->_drain_rbuf if $cb;
820	}	1269	}
821		1270
822	=item $handle->rbuf	1271	=item $handle->rbuf
823		1272
824	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue).	1273	Returns the read buffer (as a modifiable lvalue). You can also access the
		1274	read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if you want (this is
		1275	much faster, and no less clean).
825		1276
826	You can access the read buffer directly as the C<< ->{rbuf} >> member, if	1277	The only operation allowed on the read buffer (apart from looking at it)
827	you want.	1278	is removing data from its beginning. Otherwise modifying or appending to
		1279	it is not allowed and will lead to hard-to-track-down bugs.
828		1280
829	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified if the C<on_read>,	1281	NOTE: The read buffer should only be used or modified in the C<on_read>
830	C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> methods are used. The other read methods	1282	callback or when C<push_read> or C<unshift_read> are used with a single
831	automatically manage the read buffer.	1283	callback (i.e. untyped). Typed C<push_read> and C<unshift_read> methods
		1284	will manage the read buffer on their own.
832		1285
833	=cut	1286	=cut
834		1287
835	sub rbuf : lvalue {	1288	sub rbuf : lvalue {
836	$_[0]{rbuf}	1289	$_[0]{rbuf}
…		…
853		1306
854	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is	1307	If enough data was available, then the callback must remove all data it is
855	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning	1308	interested in (which can be none at all) and return a true value. After returning
856	true, it will be removed from the queue.	1309	true, it will be removed from the queue.
857		1310
		1311	These methods may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1312	destroyed after it returns).
		1313
858	=cut	1314	=cut
859		1315
860	our %RH;	1316	our %RH;
861		1317
862	sub register_read_type($$) {	1318	sub register_read_type($$) {
…		…
868	my $cb = pop;	1324	my $cb = pop;
869		1325
870	if (@_) {	1326	if (@_) {
871	my $type = shift;	1327	my $type = shift;
872		1328
		1329	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
873	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")	1330	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::push_read")
874	->($self, $cb, @_);	1331	->($self, $cb, @_);
875	}	1332	}
876		1333
877	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1334	push @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
878	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1335	$self->_drain_rbuf;
879	}	1336	}
880		1337
881	sub unshift_read {	1338	sub unshift_read {
882	my $self = shift;	1339	my $self = shift;
883	my $cb = pop;	1340	my $cb = pop;
884		1341
885	if (@_) {	1342	if (@_) {
886	my $type = shift;	1343	my $type = shift;
887		1344
		1345	$cb = ($RH{$type} ||= _load_func "$type\::anyevent_read_type"
888	$cb = ($RH{$type} or Carp::croak "unsupported type passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")	1346	or Carp::croak "unsupported/unloadable type '$type' passed to AnyEvent::Handle::unshift_read")
889	->($self, $cb, @_);	1347	->($self, $cb, @_);
890	}	1348	}
891		1349
892
893	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;	1350	unshift @{ $self->{_queue} }, $cb;
894	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1351	$self->_drain_rbuf;
895	}	1352	}
896		1353
897	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)	1354	=item $handle->push_read (type => @args, $cb)
898		1355
899	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)	1356	=item $handle->unshift_read (type => @args, $cb)
900		1357
901	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose	1358	Instead of providing a callback that parses the data itself you can chose
902	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines	1359	between a number of predefined parsing formats, for chunks of data, lines
903	etc.	1360	etc. You can also specify the (fully qualified) name of a package, in
		1361	which case AnyEvent tries to load the package and then expects to find the
		1362	C<anyevent_read_type> function inside (see "custom read types", below).
904		1363
905	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to	1364	Predefined types are (if you have ideas for additional types, feel free to
906	drop by and tell us):	1365	drop by and tell us):
907		1366
908	=over 4	1367	=over 4
…		…
1000	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,	1459	the receive buffer when neither C<$accept> nor C<$reject> match,
1001	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted	1460	and everything preceding and including the match will be accepted
1002	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you	1461	unconditionally. This is useful to skip large amounts of data that you
1003	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not	1462	know cannot be matched, so that the C<$accept> or C<$reject> regex do not
1004	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation	1463	have to start matching from the beginning. This is purely an optimisation
1005	and is usually worth only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.	1464	and is usually worth it only when you expect more than a few kilobytes.
1006		1465
1007	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we	1466	Example: expect a http header, which ends at C<\015\012\015\012>. Since we
1008	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practise, but...), we use	1467	expect the header to be very large (it isn't in practice, but...), we use
1009	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that	1468	a skip regex to skip initial portions. The skip regex is tricky in that
1010	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are	1469	it only accepts something not ending in either \015 or \012, as these are
1011	required for the accept regex.	1470	required for the accept regex.
1012		1471
1013	$handle->push_read (regex =>	1472	$handle->push_read (regex =>
…		…
1032	return 1;	1491	return 1;
1033	}	1492	}
1034		1493
1035	# reject	1494	# reject
1036	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {	1495	if ($reject && $$rbuf =~ $reject) {
1037	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1496	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1038	}	1497	}
1039		1498
1040	# skip	1499	# skip
1041	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {	1500	if ($skip && $$rbuf =~ $skip) {
1042	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";	1501	$data .= substr $$rbuf, 0, $+[0], "";
…		…
1058	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1517	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1059		1518
1060	sub {	1519	sub {
1061	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {	1520	unless ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ s/^(0|[1-9][0-9]*)://) {
1062	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {	1521	if ($_[0]{rbuf} =~ /[^0-9]/) {
1063	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1522	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1064	}	1523	}
1065	return;	1524	return;
1066	}	1525	}
1067		1526
1068	my $len = $1;	1527	my $len = $1;
…		…
1071	my $string = $_[1];	1530	my $string = $_[1];
1072	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {	1531	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => 1, sub {
1073	if ($_[1] eq ",") {	1532	if ($_[1] eq ",") {
1074	$cb->($_[0], $string);	1533	$cb->($_[0], $string);
1075	} else {	1534	} else {
1076	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1535	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1077	}	1536	}
1078	});	1537	});
1079	});	1538	});
1080		1539
1081	1	1540	1
…		…
1087	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>	1546	An octet string prefixed with an encoded length. The encoding C<$format>
1088	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single	1547	uses the same format as a Perl C<pack> format, but must specify a single
1089	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an	1548	integer only (only one of C<cCsSlLqQiInNvVjJw> is allowed, plus an
1090	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).	1549	optional C<!>, C<< < >> or C<< > >> modifier).
1091		1550
1092	DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n>, EPP uses a prefix of C<N>.	1551	For example, DNS over TCP uses a prefix of C<n> (2 octet network order),
		1552	EPP uses a prefix of C<N> (4 octtes).
1093		1553
1094	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded	1554	Example: read a block of data prefixed by its length in BER-encoded
1095	format (very efficient).	1555	format (very efficient).
1096		1556
1097	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {	1557	$handle->push_read (packstring => "w", sub {
…		…
1127	}	1587	}
1128	};	1588	};
1129		1589
1130	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)	1590	=item json => $cb->($handle, $hash_or_arrayref)
1131		1591
1132	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the callback.	1592	Reads a JSON object or array, decodes it and passes it to the
		1593	callback. When a parse error occurs, an C<EBADMSG> error will be raised.
1133		1594
1134	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used	1595	If a C<json> object was passed to the constructor, then that will be used
1135	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.	1596	for the final decode, otherwise it will create a JSON coder expecting UTF-8.
1136		1597
1137	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version	1598	This read type uses the incremental parser available with JSON version
…		…
1146	=cut	1607	=cut
1147		1608
1148	register_read_type json => sub {	1609	register_read_type json => sub {
1149	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	1610	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
1150		1611
1151	require JSON;	1612	my $json = $self->{json} ||= json_coder;
1152		1613
1153	my $data;	1614	my $data;
1154	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};	1615	my $rbuf = \$self->{rbuf};
1155		1616
1156	my $json = $self->{json} ||= JSON->new->utf8;
1157
1158	sub {	1617	sub {
1159	my $ref = $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf});	1618	my $ref = eval { $json->incr_parse ($self->{rbuf}) };
1160		1619
1161	if ($ref) {	1620	if ($ref) {
1162	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;	1621	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
1163	$json->incr_text = "";	1622	$json->incr_text = "";
1164	$cb->($self, $ref);	1623	$cb->($self, $ref);
1165		1624
1166	1	1625	1
		1626	} elsif ($@) {
		1627	# error case
		1628	$json->incr_skip;
		1629
		1630	$self->{rbuf} = $json->incr_text;
		1631	$json->incr_text = "";
		1632
		1633	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
		1634
		1635	()
1167	} else {	1636	} else {
1168	$self->{rbuf} = "";	1637	$self->{rbuf} = "";
		1638
1169	()	1639	()
1170	}	1640	}
1171	}	1641	}
1172	};	1642	};
1173		1643
…		…
1205	# read remaining chunk	1675	# read remaining chunk
1206	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {	1676	$_[0]->unshift_read (chunk => $len, sub {
1207	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {	1677	if (my $ref = eval { Storable::thaw ($_[1]) }) {
1208	$cb->($_[0], $ref);	1678	$cb->($_[0], $ref);
1209	} else {	1679	} else {
1210	$self->_error (&Errno::EBADMSG);	1680	$self->_error (Errno::EBADMSG);
1211	}	1681	}
1212	});	1682	});
1213	}	1683	}
1214		1684
1215	1	1685	1
1216	}	1686	}
1217	};	1687	};
1218		1688
1219	=back	1689	=back
1220		1690
1221	=item AnyEvent::Handle::register_read_type type => $coderef->($handle, $cb, @args)	1691	=item custom read types - Package::anyevent_read_type $handle, $cb, @args
1222		1692
1223	This function (not method) lets you add your own types to C<push_read>.	1693	Instead of one of the predefined types, you can also specify the name
		1694	of a package. AnyEvent will try to load the package and then expects to
		1695	find a function named C<anyevent_read_type> inside. If it isn't found, it
		1696	progressively tries to load the parent package until it either finds the
		1697	function (good) or runs out of packages (bad).
1224		1698
1225	Whenever the given C<type> is used, C<push_read> will invoke the code	1699	Whenever this type is used, C<push_read> will invoke the function with the
1226	reference with the handle object, the callback and the remaining	1700	handle object, the original callback and the remaining arguments.
1227	arguments.
1228		1701
1229	The code reference is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure)	1702	The function is supposed to return a callback (usually a closure) that
1230	that works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>).	1703	works as a plain read callback (see C<< ->push_read ($cb) >>), so you can
		1704	mentally treat the function as a "configurable read type to read callback"
		1705	converter.
1231		1706
1232	It should invoke the passed callback when it is done reading (remember to	1707	It should invoke the original callback when it is done reading (remember
1233	pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that).	1708	to pass C<$handle> as first argument as all other callbacks do that,
		1709	although there is no strict requirement on this).
1234		1710
1235	Note that this is a function, and all types registered this way will be
1236	global, so try to use unique names.
1237
1238	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m AnyEvent::Handle>,	1711	For examples, see the source of this module (F<perldoc -m
1239	search for C<register_read_type>)).	1712	AnyEvent::Handle>, search for C<register_read_type>)).
1240		1713
1241	=item $handle->stop_read	1714	=item $handle->stop_read
1242		1715
1243	=item $handle->start_read	1716	=item $handle->start_read
1244		1717
…		…
1250	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when	1723	Note that AnyEvent::Handle will automatically C<start_read> for you when
1251	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it	1724	you change the C<on_read> callback or push/unshift a read callback, and it
1252	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor	1725	will automatically C<stop_read> for you when neither C<on_read> is set nor
1253	there are any read requests in the queue.	1726	there are any read requests in the queue.
1254		1727
		1728	These methods will have no effect when in TLS mode (as TLS doesn't support
		1729	half-duplex connections).
		1730
1255	=cut	1731	=cut
1256		1732
1257	sub stop_read {	1733	sub stop_read {
1258	my ($self) = @_;	1734	my ($self) = @_;
1259		1735
1260	delete $self->{_rw};	1736	delete $self->{_rw} unless $self->{tls};
1261	}	1737	}
1262		1738
1263	sub start_read {	1739	sub start_read {
1264	my ($self) = @_;	1740	my ($self) = @_;
1265		1741
1266	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof}) {	1742	unless ($self->{_rw} || $self->{_eof} || !$self->{fh}) {
1267	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;	1743	Scalar::Util::weaken $self;
1268		1744
1269	$self->{_rw} = AnyEvent->io (fh => $self->{fh}, poll => "r", cb => sub {	1745	$self->{_rw} = AE::io $self->{fh}, 0, sub {
1270	my $rbuf = $self->{filter_r} ? \my $buf : \$self->{rbuf};	1746	my $rbuf = \($self->{tls} ? my $buf : $self->{rbuf});
1271	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;	1747	my $len = sysread $self->{fh}, $$rbuf, $self->{read_size} || 8192, length $$rbuf;
1272		1748
1273	if ($len > 0) {	1749	if ($len > 0) {
1274	$self->{_activity} = AnyEvent->now;	1750	$self->{_activity} = $self->{_ractivity} = AE::now;
1275		1751
1276	$self->{filter_r}	1752	if ($self->{tls}) {
1277	? $self->{filter_r}($self, $rbuf)	1753	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, $$rbuf);
1278	: $self->{_in_drain} || $self->_drain_rbuf;	1754
		1755	&_dotls ($self);
		1756	} else {
		1757	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1758	}
1279		1759
1280	} elsif (defined $len) {	1760	} elsif (defined $len) {
1281	delete $self->{_rw};	1761	delete $self->{_rw};
1282	$self->{_eof} = 1;	1762	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1283	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};	1763	$self->_drain_rbuf;
1284		1764
1285	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {	1765	} elsif ($! != EAGAIN && $! != EINTR && $! != WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {
1286	return $self->_error ($!, 1);	1766	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1287	}	1767	}
1288	});	1768	};
1289	}	1769	}
1290	}	1770	}
1291		1771
		1772	our $ERROR_SYSCALL;
		1773	our $ERROR_WANT_READ;
		1774
		1775	sub _tls_error {
		1776	my ($self, $err) = @_;
		1777
		1778	return $self->_error ($!, 1)
		1779	if $err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1780
		1781	my $err =Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string (Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error ());
		1782
		1783	# reduce error string to look less scary
		1784	$err =~ s/^error:[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:[^:]+:([^:]+):/\L$1: /;
		1785
		1786	if ($self->{_on_starttls}) {
		1787	(delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, $err);
		1788	&_freetls;
		1789	} else {
		1790	&_freetls;
		1791	$self->_error (Errno::EPROTO, 1, $err);
		1792	}
		1793	}
		1794
		1795	# poll the write BIO and send the data if applicable
		1796	# also decode read data if possible
		1797	# this is basiclaly our TLS state machine
		1798	# more efficient implementations are possible with openssl,
		1799	# but not with the buggy and incomplete Net::SSLeay.
1292	sub _dotls {	1800	sub _dotls {
1293	my ($self) = @_;	1801	my ($self) = @_;
1294		1802
1295	my $buf;	1803	my $tmp;
1296		1804
1297	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {	1805	if (length $self->{_tls_wbuf}) {
1298	while ((my $len = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {	1806	while (($tmp = Net::SSLeay::write ($self->{tls}, $self->{_tls_wbuf})) > 0) {
1299	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $len, "";	1807	substr $self->{_tls_wbuf}, 0, $tmp, "";
1300	}	1808	}
1301	}
1302		1809
		1810	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, $tmp);
		1811	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1812	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1813	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1814	}
		1815
		1816	while (defined ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {
		1817	unless (length $tmp) {
		1818	$self->{_on_starttls}
		1819	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, undef, "EOF during handshake"); # ???
		1820	&_freetls;
		1821
		1822	if ($self->{on_stoptls}) {
		1823	$self->{on_stoptls}($self);
		1824	return;
		1825	} else {
		1826	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
		1827	delete $self->{_rw};
		1828	$self->{_eof} = 1;
		1829	}
		1830	}
		1831
		1832	$self->{_tls_rbuf} .= $tmp;
		1833	$self->_drain_rbuf;
		1834	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
		1835	}
		1836
		1837	$tmp = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
		1838	return $self->_tls_error ($tmp)
		1839	if $tmp != $ERROR_WANT_READ
		1840	&& ($tmp != $ERROR_SYSCALL || $!);
		1841
1303	if (length ($buf = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {	1842	while (length ($tmp = Net::SSLeay::BIO_read ($self->{_wbio}))) {
1304	$self->{wbuf} .= $buf;	1843	$self->{wbuf} .= $tmp;
1305	$self->_drain_wbuf;	1844	$self->_drain_wbuf;
		1845	$self->{tls} or return; # tls session might have gone away in callback
1306	}	1846	}
1307		1847
1308	while (defined ($buf = Net::SSLeay::read ($self->{tls}))) {	1848	$self->{_on_starttls}
1309	if (length $buf) {	1849	and Net::SSLeay::state ($self->{tls}) == Net::SSLeay::ST_OK ()
1310	$self->{rbuf} .= $buf;	1850	and (delete $self->{_on_starttls})->($self, 1, "TLS/SSL connection established");
1311	$self->_drain_rbuf unless $self->{_in_drain};
1312	} else {
1313	# let's treat SSL-eof as we treat normal EOF
1314	$self->{_eof} = 1;
1315	$self->_shutdown;
1316	return;
1317	}
1318	}
1319
1320	my $err = Net::SSLeay::get_error ($self->{tls}, -1);
1321
1322	if ($err!= Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ()) {
1323	if ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ()) {
1324	return $self->_error ($!, 1);
1325	} elsif ($err == Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SSL ()) {
1326	return $self->_error (&Errno::EIO, 1);
1327	}
1328
1329	# all others are fine for our purposes
1330	}
1331	}	1851	}
1332		1852
1333	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])	1853	=item $handle->starttls ($tls[, $tls_ctx])
1334		1854
1335	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle	1855	Instead of starting TLS negotiation immediately when the AnyEvent::Handle
1336	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling	1856	object is created, you can also do that at a later time by calling
1337	C<starttls>.	1857	C<starttls>.
1338		1858
		1859	Starting TLS is currently an asynchronous operation - when you push some
		1860	write data and then call C<< ->starttls >> then TLS negotiation will start
		1861	immediately, after which the queued write data is then sent.
		1862
1339	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either	1863	The first argument is the same as the C<tls> constructor argument (either
1340	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).	1864	C<"connect">, C<"accept"> or an existing Net::SSLeay object).
1341		1865
1342	The second argument is the optional C<Net::SSLeay::CTX> object that is	1866	The second argument is the optional C<AnyEvent::TLS> object that is used
1343	used when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object.	1867	when AnyEvent::Handle has to create its own TLS connection object, or
		1868	a hash reference with C<< key => value >> pairs that will be used to
		1869	construct a new context.
1344		1870
1345	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >> after this	1871	The TLS connection object will end up in C<< $handle->{tls} >>, the TLS
1346	call and can be used or changed to your liking. Note that the handshake	1872	context in C<< $handle->{tls_ctx} >> after this call and can be used or
1347	might have already started when this function returns.	1873	changed to your liking. Note that the handshake might have already started
		1874	when this function returns.
1348		1875
		1876	Due to bugs in OpenSSL, it might or might not be possible to do multiple
		1877	handshakes on the same stream. It is best to not attempt to use the
		1878	stream after stopping TLS.
		1879
		1880	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1881	destroyed after it returns).
		1882
1349	=cut	1883	=cut
		1884
		1885	our %TLS_CACHE; #TODO not yet documented, should we?
1350		1886
1351	sub starttls {	1887	sub starttls {
1352	my ($self, $ssl, $ctx) = @_;	1888	my ($self, $tls, $ctx) = @_;
1353		1889
1354	$self->stoptls;	1890	Carp::croak "It is an error to call starttls on an AnyEvent::Handle object while TLS is already active, caught"
		1891	if $self->{tls};
1355		1892
1356	if ($ssl eq "accept") {	1893	$self->{tls} = $tls;
1357	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1894	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx if @_ > 2;
1358	Net::SSLeay::set_accept_state ($ssl);	1895
1359	} elsif ($ssl eq "connect") {	1896	return unless $self->{fh};
1360	$ssl = Net::SSLeay::new ($ctx || TLS_CTX ());	1897
1361	Net::SSLeay::set_connect_state ($ssl);	1898	require Net::SSLeay;
		1899
		1900	$ERROR_SYSCALL = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_SYSCALL ();
		1901	$ERROR_WANT_READ = Net::SSLeay::ERROR_WANT_READ ();
		1902
		1903	$tls = delete $self->{tls};
		1904	$ctx = $self->{tls_ctx};
		1905
		1906	local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1; # skip ourselves when creating a new context or session
		1907
		1908	if ("HASH" eq ref $ctx) {
		1909	require AnyEvent::TLS;
		1910
		1911	if ($ctx->{cache}) {
		1912	my $key = $ctx+0;
		1913	$ctx = $TLS_CACHE{$key} ||= new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1914	} else {
		1915	$ctx = new AnyEvent::TLS %$ctx;
		1916	}
		1917	}
1362	}	1918
1363		1919	$self->{tls_ctx} = $ctx || TLS_CTX ();
1364	$self->{tls} = $ssl;	1920	$self->{tls} = $tls = $self->{tls_ctx}->_get_session ($tls, $self, $self->{peername});
1365		1921
1366	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)	1922	# basically, this is deep magic (because SSL_read should have the same issues)
1367	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".	1923	# but the openssl maintainers basically said: "trust us, it just works".
1368	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned	1924	# (unfortunately, we have to hardcode constants because the abysmally misdesigned
1369	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).	1925	# and mismaintained ssleay-module doesn't even offer them).
1370	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html	1926	# http://www.mail-archive.com/openssl-dev@openssl.org/msg22420.html
		1927	#
		1928	# in short: this is a mess.
		1929	#
		1930	# note that we do not try to keep the length constant between writes as we are required to do.
		1931	# we assume that most (but not all) of this insanity only applies to non-blocking cases,
		1932	# and we drive openssl fully in blocking mode here. Or maybe we don't - openssl seems to
		1933	# have identity issues in that area.
1371	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($self->{tls},	1934	# Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($ssl,
1372	(eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)	1935	# (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE () } || 1)
1373	| (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));	1936	# | (eval { local $SIG{__DIE__}; Net::SSLeay::MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER () } || 2));
		1937	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_mode ($tls, 1|2);
1374		1938
1375	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1939	$self->{_rbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1376	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());	1940	$self->{_wbio} = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new (Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem ());
1377		1941
		1942	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($self->{_rbio}, delete $self->{rbuf});
		1943
1378	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($ssl, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});	1944	Net::SSLeay::set_bio ($tls, $self->{_rbio}, $self->{_wbio});
1379		1945
1380	$self->{filter_w} = sub {	1946	$self->{_on_starttls} = sub { $_[0]{on_starttls}(@_) }
1381	$_[0]{_tls_wbuf} .= ${$_[1]};	1947	if $self->{on_starttls};
1382	&_dotls;	1948
1383	};	1949	&_dotls; # need to trigger the initial handshake
1384	$self->{filter_r} = sub {	1950	$self->start_read; # make sure we actually do read
1385	Net::SSLeay::BIO_write ($_[0]{_rbio}, ${$_[1]});
1386	&_dotls;
1387	};
1388	}	1951	}
1389		1952
1390	=item $handle->stoptls	1953	=item $handle->stoptls
1391		1954
1392	Destroys the SSL connection, if any. Partial read or write data will be	1955	Shuts down the SSL connection - this makes a proper EOF handshake by
1393	lost.	1956	sending a close notify to the other side, but since OpenSSL doesn't
		1957	support non-blocking shut downs, it is not guaranteed that you can re-use
		1958	the stream afterwards.
		1959
		1960	This method may invoke callbacks (and therefore the handle might be
		1961	destroyed after it returns).
1394		1962
1395	=cut	1963	=cut
1396		1964
1397	sub stoptls {	1965	sub stoptls {
1398	my ($self) = @_;	1966	my ($self) = @_;
1399		1967
1400	Net::SSLeay::free (delete $self->{tls}) if $self->{tls};	1968	if ($self->{tls} && $self->{fh}) {
		1969	Net::SSLeay::shutdown ($self->{tls});
1401		1970
1402	delete $self->{_rbio};	1971	&_dotls;
1403	delete $self->{_wbio};	1972
1404	delete $self->{_tls_wbuf};	1973	# # we don't give a shit. no, we do, but we can't. no...#d#
1405	delete $self->{filter_r};	1974	# # we, we... have to use openssl :/#d#
1406	delete $self->{filter_w};	1975	# &_freetls;#d#
		1976	}
		1977	}
		1978
		1979	sub _freetls {
		1980	my ($self) = @_;
		1981
		1982	return unless $self->{tls};
		1983
		1984	$self->{tls_ctx}->_put_session (delete $self->{tls})
		1985	if $self->{tls} > 0;
		1986
		1987	delete @$self{qw(_rbio _wbio _tls_wbuf _on_starttls)};
1407	}	1988	}
1408		1989
1409	sub DESTROY {	1990	sub DESTROY {
1410	my $self = shift;	1991	my ($self) = @_;
1411		1992
1412	$self->stoptls;	1993	&_freetls;
1413		1994
1414	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;	1995	my $linger = exists $self->{linger} ? $self->{linger} : 3600;
1415		1996
1416	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf}) {	1997	if ($linger && length $self->{wbuf} && $self->{fh}) {
1417	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};	1998	my $fh = delete $self->{fh};
1418	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};	1999	my $wbuf = delete $self->{wbuf};
1419		2000
1420	my @linger;	2001	my @linger;
1421		2002
1422	push @linger, AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => "w", cb => sub {	2003	push @linger, AE::io $fh, 1, sub {
1423	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;	2004	my $len = syswrite $fh, $wbuf, length $wbuf;
1424		2005
1425	if ($len > 0) {	2006	if ($len > 0) {
1426	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";	2007	substr $wbuf, 0, $len, "";
1427	} else {	2008	} else {
1428	@linger = (); # end	2009	@linger = (); # end
1429	}	2010	}
1430	});	2011	};
1431	push @linger, AnyEvent->timer (after => $linger, cb => sub {	2012	push @linger, AE::timer $linger, 0, sub {
1432	@linger = ();	2013	@linger = ();
1433	});	2014	};
1434	}	2015	}
1435	}	2016	}
		2017
		2018	=item $handle->destroy
		2019
		2020	Shuts down the handle object as much as possible - this call ensures that
		2021	no further callbacks will be invoked and as many resources as possible
		2022	will be freed. Any method you will call on the handle object after
		2023	destroying it in this way will be silently ignored (and it will return the
		2024	empty list).
		2025
		2026	Normally, you can just "forget" any references to an AnyEvent::Handle
		2027	object and it will simply shut down. This works in fatal error and EOF
		2028	callbacks, as well as code outside. It does I<NOT> work in a read or write
		2029	callback, so when you want to destroy the AnyEvent::Handle object from
		2030	within such an callback. You I<MUST> call C<< ->destroy >> explicitly in
		2031	that case.
		2032
		2033	Destroying the handle object in this way has the advantage that callbacks
		2034	will be removed as well, so if those are the only reference holders (as
		2035	is common), then one doesn't need to do anything special to break any
		2036	reference cycles.
		2037
		2038	The handle might still linger in the background and write out remaining
		2039	data, as specified by the C<linger> option, however.
		2040
		2041	=cut
		2042
		2043	sub destroy {
		2044	my ($self) = @_;
		2045
		2046	$self->DESTROY;
		2047	%$self = ();
		2048	bless $self, "AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed";
		2049	}
		2050
		2051	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::AUTOLOAD {
		2052	#nop
		2053	}
		2054
		2055	=item $handle->destroyed
		2056
		2057	Returns false as long as the handle hasn't been destroyed by a call to C<<
		2058	->destroy >>, true otherwise.
		2059
		2060	Can be useful to decide whether the handle is still valid after some
		2061	callback possibly destroyed the handle. For example, C<< ->push_write >>,
		2062	C<< ->starttls >> and other methods can call user callbacks, which in turn
		2063	can destroy the handle, so work can be avoided by checking sometimes:
		2064
		2065	$hdl->starttls ("accept");
		2066	return if $hdl->destroyed;
		2067	$hdl->push_write (...
		2068
		2069	Note that the call to C<push_write> will silently be ignored if the handle
		2070	has been destroyed, so often you can just ignore the possibility of the
		2071	handle being destroyed.
		2072
		2073	=cut
		2074
		2075	sub destroyed { 0 }
		2076	sub AnyEvent::Handle::destroyed::destroyed { 1 }
1436		2077
1437	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX	2078	=item AnyEvent::Handle::TLS_CTX
1438		2079
1439	This function creates and returns the Net::SSLeay::CTX object used by	2080	This function creates and returns the AnyEvent::TLS object used by default
1440	default for TLS mode.	2081	for TLS mode.
1441		2082
1442	The context is created like this:	2083	The context is created by calling L<AnyEvent::TLS> without any arguments.
1443
1444	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings;
1445	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms;
1446	Net::SSLeay::randomize;
1447
1448	my $CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new;
1449
1450	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options $CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
1451		2084
1452	=cut	2085	=cut
1453		2086
1454	our $TLS_CTX;	2087	our $TLS_CTX;
1455		2088
1456	sub TLS_CTX() {	2089	sub TLS_CTX() {
1457	$TLS_CTX || do {	2090	$TLS_CTX ||= do {
1458	require Net::SSLeay;	2091	require AnyEvent::TLS;
1459		2092
1460	Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings ();	2093	new AnyEvent::TLS
1461	Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms ();
1462	Net::SSLeay::randomize ();
1463
1464	$TLS_CTX = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new ();
1465
1466	Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options ($TLS_CTX, Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL ());
1467
1468	$TLS_CTX
1469	}	2094	}
1470	}	2095	}
1471		2096
1472	=back	2097	=back
		2098
		2099
		2100	=head1 NONFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
		2101
		2102	=over 4
		2103
		2104	=item I C<undef> the AnyEvent::Handle reference inside my callback and
		2105	still get further invocations!
		2106
		2107	That's because AnyEvent::Handle keeps a reference to itself when handling
		2108	read or write callbacks.
		2109
		2110	It is only safe to "forget" the reference inside EOF or error callbacks,
		2111	from within all other callbacks, you need to explicitly call the C<<
		2112	->destroy >> method.
		2113
		2114	=item I get different callback invocations in TLS mode/Why can't I pause
		2115	reading?
		2116
		2117	Unlike, say, TCP, TLS connections do not consist of two independent
		2118	communication channels, one for each direction. Or put differently, the
		2119	read and write directions are not independent of each other: you cannot
		2120	write data unless you are also prepared to read, and vice versa.
		2121
		2122	This means that, in TLS mode, you might get C<on_error> or C<on_eof>
		2123	callback invocations when you are not expecting any read data - the reason
		2124	is that AnyEvent::Handle always reads in TLS mode.
		2125
		2126	During the connection, you have to make sure that you always have a
		2127	non-empty read-queue, or an C<on_read> watcher. At the end of the
		2128	connection (or when you no longer want to use it) you can call the
		2129	C<destroy> method.
		2130
		2131	=item How do I read data until the other side closes the connection?
		2132
		2133	If you just want to read your data into a perl scalar, the easiest way
		2134	to achieve this is by setting an C<on_read> callback that does nothing,
		2135	clearing the C<on_eof> callback and in the C<on_error> callback, the data
		2136	will be in C<$_[0]{rbuf}>:
		2137
		2138	$handle->on_read (sub { });
		2139	$handle->on_eof (undef);
		2140	$handle->on_error (sub {
		2141	my $data = delete $_[0]{rbuf};
		2142	});
		2143
		2144	The reason to use C<on_error> is that TCP connections, due to latencies
		2145	and packets loss, might get closed quite violently with an error, when in
		2146	fact all data has been received.
		2147
		2148	It is usually better to use acknowledgements when transferring data,
		2149	to make sure the other side hasn't just died and you got the data
		2150	intact. This is also one reason why so many internet protocols have an
		2151	explicit QUIT command.
		2152
		2153	=item I don't want to destroy the handle too early - how do I wait until
		2154	all data has been written?
		2155
		2156	After writing your last bits of data, set the C<on_drain> callback
		2157	and destroy the handle in there - with the default setting of
		2158	C<low_water_mark> this will be called precisely when all data has been
		2159	written to the socket:
		2160
		2161	$handle->push_write (...);
		2162	$handle->on_drain (sub {
		2163	warn "all data submitted to the kernel\n";
		2164	undef $handle;
		2165	});
		2166
		2167	If you just want to queue some data and then signal EOF to the other side,
		2168	consider using C<< ->push_shutdown >> instead.
		2169
		2170	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I don't care about security.
		2171
		2172	If your TLS server is a pure TLS server (e.g. HTTPS) that only speaks TLS,
		2173	connect to it and then create the AnyEvent::Handle with the C<tls>
		2174	parameter:
		2175
		2176	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2177	my ($fh) = @_;
		2178
		2179	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2180	fh => $fh,
		2181	tls => "connect",
		2182	on_error => sub { ... };
		2183
		2184	$handle->push_write (...);
		2185	};
		2186
		2187	=item I want to contact a TLS/SSL server, I do care about security.
		2188
		2189	Then you should additionally enable certificate verification, including
		2190	peername verification, if the protocol you use supports it (see
		2191	L<AnyEvent::TLS>, C<verify_peername>).
		2192
		2193	E.g. for HTTPS:
		2194
		2195	tcp_connect $host, $port, sub {
		2196	my ($fh) = @_;
		2197
		2198	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2199	fh => $fh,
		2200	peername => $host,
		2201	tls => "connect",
		2202	tls_ctx => { verify => 1, verify_peername => "https" },
		2203	...
		2204
		2205	Note that you must specify the hostname you connected to (or whatever
		2206	"peername" the protocol needs) as the C<peername> argument, otherwise no
		2207	peername verification will be done.
		2208
		2209	The above will use the system-dependent default set of trusted CA
		2210	certificates. If you want to check against a specific CA, add the
		2211	C<ca_file> (or C<ca_cert>) arguments to C<tls_ctx>:
		2212
		2213	tls_ctx => {
		2214	verify => 1,
		2215	verify_peername => "https",
		2216	ca_file => "my-ca-cert.pem",
		2217	},
		2218
		2219	=item I want to create a TLS/SSL server, how do I do that?
		2220
		2221	Well, you first need to get a server certificate and key. You have
		2222	three options: a) ask a CA (buy one, use cacert.org etc.) b) create a
		2223	self-signed certificate (cheap. check the search engine of your choice,
		2224	there are many tutorials on the net) or c) make your own CA (tinyca2 is a
		2225	nice program for that purpose).
		2226
		2227	Then create a file with your private key (in PEM format, see
		2228	L<AnyEvent::TLS>), followed by the certificate (also in PEM format). The
		2229	file should then look like this:
		2230
		2231	-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2232	...header data
		2233	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2234	-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
		2235
		2236	-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
		2237	... lots of base64'y-stuff
		2238	-----END CERTIFICATE-----
		2239
		2240	The important bits are the "PRIVATE KEY" and "CERTIFICATE" parts. Then
		2241	specify this file as C<cert_file>:
		2242
		2243	tcp_server undef, $port, sub {
		2244	my ($fh) = @_;
		2245
		2246	my $handle = new AnyEvent::Handle
		2247	fh => $fh,
		2248	tls => "accept",
		2249	tls_ctx => { cert_file => "my-server-keycert.pem" },
		2250	...
		2251
		2252	When you have intermediate CA certificates that your clients might not
		2253	know about, just append them to the C<cert_file>.
		2254
		2255	=back
		2256
1473		2257
1474	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle	2258	=head1 SUBCLASSING AnyEvent::Handle
1475		2259
1476	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.	2260	In many cases, you might want to subclass AnyEvent::Handle.
1477		2261
…		…
1494		2278
1495	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore	2279	=item * all members not documented here and not prefixed with an underscore
1496	are free to use in subclasses.	2280	are free to use in subclasses.
1497		2281
1498	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"	2282	Of course, new versions of AnyEvent::Handle may introduce more "public"
1499	member variables, but thats just life, at least it is documented.	2283	member variables, but that's just life. At least it is documented.
1500		2284
1501	=back	2285	=back
1502		2286
1503	=head1 AUTHOR	2287	=head1 AUTHOR
1504		2288

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