1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | staticperl - perl, libc, 50 modules all in one 500kb file |
3 | staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one 500kb file |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | staticperl help # print the embedded documentation |
7 | staticperl help # print the embedded documentation |
8 | staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources |
8 | staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources |
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14 | staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell |
14 | staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell |
15 | staticperl instmod path... # install unpacked modules |
15 | staticperl instmod path... # install unpacked modules |
16 | staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN |
16 | staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN |
17 | staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation |
17 | staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation |
18 | staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation |
18 | staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation |
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19 | staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation |
19 | |
20 | |
20 | Typical Examples: |
21 | Typical Examples: |
21 | |
22 | |
22 | staticperl install # fetch, configure, build and install perl |
23 | staticperl install # fetch, configure, build and install perl |
23 | staticperl cpan # run interactive cpan shell |
24 | staticperl cpan # run interactive cpan shell |
24 | staticperl mkperl -M '"Config_heavy.pl"' # build a perl that supports -V |
25 | staticperl mkperl -M '"Config_heavy.pl"' # build a perl that supports -V |
25 | staticperl mkperl -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI -MURI::http |
26 | staticperl mkperl -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI -MURI::http |
26 | # build a perl with the above modules linked in |
27 | # build a perl with the above modules linked in |
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28 | staticperl mkapp myapp --boot mainprog mymodules |
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29 | # build a binary "myapp" from mainprog and mymodules |
27 | |
30 | |
28 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
31 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
29 | |
32 | |
30 | This script helps you creating single-file perl interpreters, or embedding |
33 | This script helps you to create single-file perl interpreters |
31 | a perl interpreter in your applications. Single-file means that it is |
34 | or applications, or embedding a perl interpreter in your |
32 | fully self-contained - no separate shared objects, no autoload fragments, |
35 | applications. Single-file means that it is fully self-contained - no |
33 | no .pm or .pl files are needed. And when linking statically, you can |
36 | separate shared objects, no autoload fragments, no .pm or .pl files are |
34 | create (or embed) a single file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all |
37 | needed. And when linking statically, you can create (or embed) a single |
35 | the modules you need and all the libraries you need. |
38 | file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all the modules you need, all |
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39 | the libraries you need and of course your actual program. |
36 | |
40 | |
37 | With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary that |
41 | With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary |
38 | contains perl and 50 modules such as AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO, Coro and so |
42 | that contains perl and 100 modules such as POSIX, AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO, |
39 | on. Or any other choice of modules. |
43 | Coro and so on. Or any other choice of modules. |
40 | |
44 | |
41 | The created files do not need write access to the file system (like PAR |
45 | The created files do not need write access to the file system (like PAR |
42 | does). In fact, since this script is in many ways similar to PAR::Packer, |
46 | does). In fact, since this script is in many ways similar to PAR::Packer, |
43 | here are the differences: |
47 | here are the differences: |
44 | |
48 | |
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63 | =item * The generated executables don't need a writable filesystem. |
67 | =item * The generated executables don't need a writable filesystem. |
64 | |
68 | |
65 | F<staticperl> loads all required files directly from memory. There is no |
69 | F<staticperl> loads all required files directly from memory. There is no |
66 | need to unpack files into a temporary directory. |
70 | need to unpack files into a temporary directory. |
67 | |
71 | |
68 | =item * More control over included files. |
72 | =item * More control over included files, more burden. |
69 | |
73 | |
70 | PAR tries to be maintenance and hassle-free - it tries to include more |
74 | PAR tries to be maintenance and hassle-free - it tries to include more |
71 | files than necessary to make sure everything works out of the box. The |
75 | files than necessary to make sure everything works out of the box. It |
72 | extra files (such as the unicode database) can take substantial amounts of |
76 | mostly succeeds at this, but he extra files (such as the unicode database) |
73 | memory and file size. |
77 | can take substantial amounts of memory and file size. |
74 | |
78 | |
75 | With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct |
79 | With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct |
76 | compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically. |
80 | compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically. |
77 | This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually. |
81 | This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually. |
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82 | |
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83 | All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in |
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84 | the future, but right now, you have to resolve state hidden dependencies |
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85 | manually. |
78 | |
86 | |
79 | =item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not. |
87 | =item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not. |
80 | |
88 | |
81 | Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while |
89 | Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while |
82 | F<staticperl> tries to make this easy, it still requires a custom perl |
90 | F<staticperl> tries to make this easy, it still requires a custom perl |
83 | build and possibly fiddling with some modules. PAR is likely to produce |
91 | build and possibly fiddling with some modules. PAR is likely to produce |
84 | results faster. |
92 | results faster. |
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93 | |
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94 | Ok, PAR never has worked for me out of the box, and for some people, |
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95 | F<staticperl> does work out of the box, as they don't count "fiddling with |
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96 | module use lists" against it, but nevertheless, F<staticperl> is certainly |
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97 | a bit more difficult to use. |
85 | |
98 | |
86 | =back |
99 | =back |
87 | |
100 | |
88 | =head1 HOW DOES IT WORK? |
101 | =head1 HOW DOES IT WORK? |
89 | |
102 | |
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98 | Afterwards, you create a list of files and modules you want to include, |
111 | Afterwards, you create a list of files and modules you want to include, |
99 | and then either build a new perl binary (that acts just like a normal perl |
112 | and then either build a new perl binary (that acts just like a normal perl |
100 | except everything is compiled in), or you create bundle files (basically C |
113 | except everything is compiled in), or you create bundle files (basically C |
101 | sources you can use to embed all files into your project). |
114 | sources you can use to embed all files into your project). |
102 | |
115 | |
103 | This step is very fast (a few seconds if PPI is not used for stripping, |
116 | This step is very fast (a few seconds if PPI is not used for stripping, or |
104 | more seconds otherwise, as PPI is very slow), and can be tweaked and |
117 | the stripped files are in the cache), and can be tweaked and repeated as |
105 | repeated as often as necessary. |
118 | often as necessary. |
106 | |
119 | |
107 | =head1 THE F<STATICPERL> SCRIPT |
120 | =head1 THE F<STATICPERL> SCRIPT |
108 | |
121 | |
109 | This module installs a script called F<staticperl> into your perl |
122 | This module installs a script called F<staticperl> into your perl |
110 | binary directory. The script is fully self-contained, and can be used |
123 | binary directory. The script is fully self-contained, and can be used |
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184 | command by specifying all the directories with modules in them that you |
197 | command by specifying all the directories with modules in them that you |
185 | want to have built. |
198 | want to have built. |
186 | |
199 | |
187 | =item F<staticperl clean> |
200 | =item F<staticperl clean> |
188 | |
201 | |
189 | Runs F<make distclean> in the perl source directory (and potentially |
202 | Deletes the perl source directory (and potentially cleans up other |
190 | cleans up other intermediate files). This can be used to clean up |
203 | intermediate files). This can be used to clean up files only needed for |
191 | intermediate files without removing the installed perl interpreter. |
204 | building perl, without removing the installed perl interpreter, or to |
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205 | force a re-build from scratch. |
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206 | |
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207 | At the moment, it doesn't delete downloaded tarballs. |
192 | |
208 | |
193 | =item F<staticperl distclean> |
209 | =item F<staticperl distclean> |
194 | |
210 | |
195 | This wipes your complete F<~/.staticperl> directory. Be careful with this, |
211 | This wipes your complete F<~/.staticperl> directory. Be careful with this, |
196 | it nukes your perl download, perl sources, perl distribution and any |
212 | it nukes your perl download, perl sources, perl distribution and any |
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236 | (required by L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>) implements various URI schemes as extra |
252 | (required by L<AnyEvent::HTTPD>) implements various URI schemes as extra |
237 | modules - since L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> only needs C<http> URIs, we only need |
253 | modules - since L<AnyEvent::HTTPD> only needs C<http> URIs, we only need |
238 | to include that module. I found out about these dependencies by carefully |
254 | to include that module. I found out about these dependencies by carefully |
239 | watching any error messages about missing modules... |
255 | watching any error messages about missing modules... |
240 | |
256 | |
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257 | Instead of building a new perl binary, you can also build a standalone |
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258 | application: |
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259 | |
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260 | # build the app |
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261 | staticperl mkapp app --boot eg/httpd \ |
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262 | -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI::http |
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263 | |
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264 | # run it |
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265 | ./app |
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266 | |
241 | =head3 OPTION PROCESSING |
267 | =head3 OPTION PROCESSING |
242 | |
268 | |
243 | All options can be given as arguments on the command line (typically |
269 | All options can be given as arguments on the command line (typically |
244 | using long (e.g. C<--verbose>) or short option (e.g. C<-v>) style). Since |
270 | using long (e.g. C<--verbose>) or short option (e.g. C<-v>) style). Since |
245 | specifying a lot of modules can make the command line very cumbersome, |
271 | specifying a lot of modules can make the command line very cumbersome, |
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281 | |
307 | |
282 | The default is C<pod>, which uses the L<Pod::Strip> module to remove all |
308 | The default is C<pod>, which uses the L<Pod::Strip> module to remove all |
283 | pod documentation, which is very fast and reduces file size a lot. |
309 | pod documentation, which is very fast and reduces file size a lot. |
284 | |
310 | |
285 | The C<ppi> method uses L<PPI> to parse and condense the perl sources. This |
311 | The C<ppi> method uses L<PPI> to parse and condense the perl sources. This |
286 | saves a lot more than just L<Pod::Strip>, and is generally safer, but |
312 | saves a lot more than just L<Pod::Strip>, and is generally safer, |
287 | is also a lot slower, so is best used for production builds. Note that |
313 | but is also a lot slower (some files take almost a minute to strip - |
288 | this method doesn't optimise for raw file size, but for best compression |
314 | F<staticperl> maintains a cache of stripped files to speed up subsequent |
289 | (that means that the uncompressed file size is a bit larger, but the files |
315 | runs for this reason). Note that this method doesn't optimise for raw file |
290 | compress better, e.g. with F<upx>). |
316 | size, but for best compression (that means that the uncompressed file size |
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317 | is a bit larger, but the files compress better, e.g. with F<upx>). |
291 | |
318 | |
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319 | Last not least, if you need accurate line numbers in error messages, |
292 | Last not least, in the unlikely case where C<pod> is too slow, or some |
320 | or in the unlikely case where C<pod> is too slow, or some module gets |
293 | module gets mistreated, you can specify C<none> to not mangle included |
321 | mistreated, you can specify C<none> to not mangle included perl sources in |
294 | perl sources in any way. |
322 | any way. |
295 | |
323 | |
296 | =item --perl |
324 | =item --perl |
297 | |
325 | |
298 | After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new perl interpreter. It |
326 | After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new perl interpreter. It |
299 | will be called F<perl> and will be left in the current working |
327 | will be called F<perl> and will be left in the current working |
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302 | This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the |
330 | This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the |
303 | C<mkperl> command (instead of C<mkbundle>): |
331 | C<mkperl> command (instead of C<mkbundle>): |
304 | |
332 | |
305 | # build a new ./perl with only common::sense in it - very small :) |
333 | # build a new ./perl with only common::sense in it - very small :) |
306 | staticperl mkperl -Mcommon::sense |
334 | staticperl mkperl -Mcommon::sense |
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335 | |
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336 | =item --app name |
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337 | |
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338 | After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new standalone |
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339 | program. It will be called C<name>, and the bundle files get removed after |
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340 | linking it. |
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341 | |
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342 | The difference to the (mutually exclusive) C<--perl> option is that the |
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343 | binary created by this option will not try to act as a perl interpreter - |
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344 | instead it will simply initialise the perl interpreter, clean it up and |
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345 | exit. |
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346 | |
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347 | This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the |
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348 | C<mkapp> command (instead of C<mkbundle>): |
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349 | |
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350 | To let it do something useful you I<must> add some boot code, e.g. with |
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351 | the C<--boot> option. |
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352 | |
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353 | Example: create a standalone perl binary that will execute F<appfile> when |
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354 | it is started. |
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355 | |
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356 | staticperl mkbundle --app myexe --boot appfile |
307 | |
357 | |
308 | =item --use module | -Mmodule |
358 | =item --use module | -Mmodule |
309 | |
359 | |
310 | Include the named module and all direct dependencies. This is done by |
360 | Include the named module and all direct dependencies. This is done by |
311 | C<require>'ing the module in a subprocess and tracing which other modules |
361 | C<require>'ing the module in a subprocess and tracing which other modules |
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366 | (using a C<require>) before anything else when the new perl is |
416 | (using a C<require>) before anything else when the new perl is |
367 | initialised. This can be used to modify C<@INC> or anything else before |
417 | initialised. This can be used to modify C<@INC> or anything else before |
368 | the perl interpreter executes scripts given on the command line (or via |
418 | the perl interpreter executes scripts given on the command line (or via |
369 | C<-e>). This works even in an embedded interpreter. |
419 | C<-e>). This works even in an embedded interpreter. |
370 | |
420 | |
371 | =item --add "file" | --add "file alias" |
421 | =item --incglob pattern |
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422 | |
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423 | This goes through all library directories and tries to match any F<.pm> |
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424 | and F<.pl> files against the extended glob pattern (see below). If a file |
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425 | matches, it is added. This switch will automatically detect L<AutoLoader> |
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426 | files and the required link libraries for XS modules, but it will I<not> |
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427 | scan the file for dependencies (at the moment). |
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428 | |
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429 | This is mainly useful to include "everything": |
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430 | |
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431 | --incglob '*' |
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432 | |
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433 | Or to include perl libraries, or trees of those, such as the unicode |
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434 | database files needed by many other modules: |
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435 | |
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436 | --incglob '/unicore/**.pl' |
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437 | |
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438 | =item --add file | --add "file alias" |
372 | |
439 | |
373 | Adds the given (perl) file into the bundle (and optionally call it |
440 | Adds the given (perl) file into the bundle (and optionally call it |
374 | "alias"). This is useful to include any custom files into the bundle. |
441 | "alias"). This is useful to include any custom files into the bundle. |
375 | |
442 | |
376 | Example: embed the file F<httpd> as F<httpd.pm> when creating the bundle. |
443 | Example: embed the file F<httpd> as F<httpd.pm> when creating the bundle. |
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381 | |
448 | |
382 | # specification file |
449 | # specification file |
383 | add file1 myfiles/file1 |
450 | add file1 myfiles/file1 |
384 | add file2 myfiles/file2 |
451 | add file2 myfiles/file2 |
385 | add file3 myfiles/file3 |
452 | add file3 myfiles/file3 |
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453 | |
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454 | =item --binadd file | --add "file alias" |
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455 | |
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456 | Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it |
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457 | without any processing. |
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458 | |
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459 | You should probably add a C</> prefix to avoid clashing with embedded |
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460 | perl files (whose paths do not start with C</>), and/or use a special |
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461 | directory, such as C</res/name>. |
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462 | |
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463 | You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<staticperl::find |
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464 | "alias">. |
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465 | |
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466 | =item --include pattern | -i pattern | --exclude pattern | -x pattern |
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467 | |
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468 | These two options define an include/exclude filter that is used after all |
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469 | files selected by the other options have been found. Each include/exclude |
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470 | is applied to all files found so far - an include makes sure that the |
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471 | given files will be part of the resulting file set, an exclude will |
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472 | exclude files. The patterns are "extended glob patterns" (see below). |
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473 | |
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474 | For example, to include everything, except C<Devel> modules, but still |
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475 | include F<Devel::PPPort>, you could use this: |
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476 | |
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477 | --incglob '*' -i '/Devel/PPPort.pm' -x '/Devel/**' |
386 | |
478 | |
387 | =item --static |
479 | =item --static |
388 | |
480 | |
389 | When C<--perl> is also given, link statically instead of dynamically. The |
481 | When C<--perl> is also given, link statically instead of dynamically. The |
390 | default is to link the new perl interpreter fully dynamic (that means all |
482 | default is to link the new perl interpreter fully dynamic (that means all |
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395 | systems based on GNU libc don't really support it in a usable fashion |
487 | systems based on GNU libc don't really support it in a usable fashion |
396 | either. Try uClibc if you want to create fully statically linked |
488 | either. Try uClibc if you want to create fully statically linked |
397 | executables, or try the C<--staticlibs> option to link only some libraries |
489 | executables, or try the C<--staticlibs> option to link only some libraries |
398 | statically. |
490 | statically. |
399 | |
491 | |
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492 | =item --staticlib libname |
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493 | |
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494 | When not linking fully statically, this option allows you to link specific |
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495 | libraries statically. What it does is simply replace all occurances of |
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496 | C<-llibname> with the GCC-specific C<-Wl,-Bstatic -llibname -Wl,-Bdynamic> |
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497 | option. |
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498 | |
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499 | This will have no effect unless the library is actually linked against, |
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500 | specifically, C<--staticlib> will not link against the named library |
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501 | unless it would be linked against anyway. |
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502 | |
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503 | Example: link libcrypt statically into the binary. |
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504 | |
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505 | staticperl mkperl -MIO::AIO --staticlib crypt |
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506 | |
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507 | # ldopts might nwo contain: |
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508 | # -lm -Wl,-Bstatic -lcrypt -Wl,-Bdynamic -lpthread |
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509 | |
400 | =item any other argument |
510 | =item any other argument |
401 | |
511 | |
402 | Any other argument is interpreted as a bundle specification file, which |
512 | Any other argument is interpreted as a bundle specification file, which |
403 | supports most long options (without extra quoting), one option per line. |
513 | supports most long options (without extra quoting), one option per line. |
404 | |
514 | |
405 | =back |
515 | =back |
406 | |
516 | |
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517 | =head3 EXTENDED GLOB PATTERNS |
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518 | |
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519 | Some options of F<staticperl mkbundle> expect an I<extended glob |
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520 | pattern>. This is neither a normal shell glob nor a regex, but something |
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521 | in between. The idea has been copied from rsync, and there are the current |
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522 | matching rules: |
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523 | |
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524 | =over 4 |
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525 | |
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526 | =item Patterns starting with F</> will be a anchored at the root of the library tree. |
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527 | |
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528 | That is, F</unicore> will match the F<unicore> directory in C<@INC>, but |
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529 | nothing inside, and neither any other file or directory called F<unicore> |
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530 | anywhere else in the hierarchy. |
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531 | |
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532 | =item Patterns not starting with F</> will be anchored at the end of the path. |
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533 | |
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534 | That is, F<idna.pl> will match any file called F<idna.pl> anywhere in the |
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535 | hierarchy, but not any directories of the same name. |
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536 | |
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537 | =item A F<*> matches any single component. |
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538 | |
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539 | That is, F</unicore/*.pl> would match all F<.pl> files directly inside |
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540 | C</unicore>, not any deeper level F<.pl> files. Or in other words, F<*> |
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541 | will not match slashes. |
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542 | |
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543 | =item A F<**> matches anything. |
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544 | |
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545 | That is, F</unicore/**.pl> would match all F<.pl> files under F</unicore>, |
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546 | no matter how deeply nested they are inside subdirectories. |
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547 | |
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548 | =item A F<?> matches a single character within a component. |
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549 | |
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550 | That is, F</Encode/??.pm> matches F</Encode/JP.pm>, but not the |
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551 | hypothetical F</Encode/J/.pm>, as F<?> does not match F</>. |
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552 | |
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553 | =back |
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554 | |
407 | =head2 F<STATCPERL> CONFIGURATION AND HOOKS |
555 | =head2 F<STATICPERL> CONFIGURATION AND HOOKS |
408 | |
556 | |
409 | During (each) startup, F<staticperl> tries to source the following shell |
557 | During (each) startup, F<staticperl> tries to source the following shell |
410 | files in order: |
558 | files in order: |
411 | |
559 | |
412 | /etc/staticperlrc |
560 | /etc/staticperlrc |
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428 | =item C<EMAIL> |
576 | =item C<EMAIL> |
429 | |
577 | |
430 | The e-mail address of the person who built this binary. Has no good |
578 | The e-mail address of the person who built this binary. Has no good |
431 | default, so should be specified by you. |
579 | default, so should be specified by you. |
432 | |
580 | |
433 | =back |
581 | =item C<CPAN> |
434 | |
582 | |
|
|
583 | The URL of the CPAN mirror to use (e.g. L<http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/>). |
|
|
584 | |
|
|
585 | =item C<EXTRA_MODULES> |
|
|
586 | |
|
|
587 | Additional modules installed during F<staticperl install>. Here you can |
|
|
588 | set which modules you want have to installed from CPAN. |
|
|
589 | |
|
|
590 | Example: I really really need EV, AnyEvent, Coro and AnyEvent::AIO. |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | EXTRA_MODULES="EV AnyEvent Coro AnyEvent::AIO" |
|
|
593 | |
|
|
594 | Note that you can also use a C<postinstall> hook to achieve this, and |
|
|
595 | more. |
|
|
596 | |
|
|
597 | =back |
|
|
598 | |
435 | =head4 Variables you I<might want> to override |
599 | =head4 Variables you might I<want> to override |
436 | |
600 | |
437 | =over 4 |
601 | =over 4 |
438 | |
602 | |
|
|
603 | =item C<STATICPERL> |
|
|
604 | |
|
|
605 | The directory where staticperl stores all its files |
|
|
606 | (default: F<~/.staticperl>). |
|
|
607 | |
|
|
608 | =item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ... |
|
|
609 | |
|
|
610 | Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their |
|
|
611 | installation, you can set any environment variable you want - some modules |
|
|
612 | (such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for further tweaking. |
|
|
613 | |
439 | =item C<PERLVER> |
614 | =item C<PERL_VERSION> |
440 | |
615 | |
441 | The perl version to install - default is currently C<5.12.2>, but C<5.8.9> |
616 | The perl version to install - default is currently C<5.12.2>, but C<5.8.9> |
442 | is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.2, while 5.10.1 is |
617 | is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.2, while 5.10.1 is |
443 | about as big as 5.12.2). |
618 | about as big as 5.12.2). |
444 | |
619 | |
445 | =item C<CPAN> |
620 | =item C<PERL_PREFIX> |
446 | |
621 | |
447 | The URL of the CPAN mirror to use (e.g. L<http://mirror.netcologne.de/cpan/>). |
622 | The prefix where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>), |
|
|
623 | i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up. |
|
|
624 | |
|
|
625 | =item C<PERL_CONFIGURE> |
|
|
626 | |
|
|
627 | Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl |
|
|
628 | Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading, |
|
|
629 | you could pass C<-Dusedl>. To enable ithreads (Why would you want that |
|
|
630 | insanity? Don't! Use L<forks> instead!) you would pass C<-Duseithreads> |
|
|
631 | and so on. |
|
|
632 | |
|
|
633 | More commonly, you would either activate 64 bit integer support |
|
|
634 | (C<-Duse64bitint>), or disable large files support (-Uuselargefiles), to |
|
|
635 | reduce filesize further. |
448 | |
636 | |
449 | =item C<PERL_CPPFLAGS>, C<PERL_OPTIMIZE>, C<PERL_LDFLAGS>, C<PERL_LIBS> |
637 | =item C<PERL_CPPFLAGS>, C<PERL_OPTIMIZE>, C<PERL_LDFLAGS>, C<PERL_LIBS> |
450 | |
638 | |
451 | These flags are passed to perl's F<Configure> script, and are generally |
639 | These flags are passed to perl's F<Configure> script, and are generally |
452 | optimised for small size (at the cost of performance). Since they also |
640 | optimised for small size (at the cost of performance). Since they also |
453 | contain subtle workarounds around various build issues, changing these |
641 | contain subtle workarounds around various build issues, changing these |
454 | usually requires understanding their default values - best look at the top |
642 | usually requires understanding their default values - best look at the top |
455 | of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these. |
643 | of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these. |
456 | |
644 | |
457 | =item C<STATICPERL> |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | The directory where staticperl stores all its files |
|
|
460 | (default: F<~/.staticperl>). |
|
|
461 | |
|
|
462 | =item C<PREFIX> |
|
|
463 | |
|
|
464 | The prefix where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>), |
|
|
465 | i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up. |
|
|
466 | |
|
|
467 | =item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, others |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
469 | Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their |
|
|
470 | installation, you can set any environment variable you want - some modules |
|
|
471 | (such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for further tweaking. |
|
|
472 | |
|
|
473 | =item C<EXTRA_MODULES> |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
475 | Additional modules installed during F<staticperl install>. Here you can |
|
|
476 | set which modules you want have to installed from CPAN. |
|
|
477 | |
|
|
478 | Example: I really really need EV, AnyEvent, Coro and IO::AIO. |
|
|
479 | |
|
|
480 | EXTRA_MODULES="EV AnyEvent Coro IO::AIO" |
|
|
481 | |
|
|
482 | Note that you can also use a C<postinstall> hook to achieve this, and |
|
|
483 | more. |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | =back |
645 | =back |
486 | |
646 | |
487 | =head4 Variables you I<probably do not want> to override |
647 | =head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override |
488 | |
648 | |
489 | =over 4 |
649 | =over 4 |
490 | |
650 | |
491 | =item C<MKBUNDLE> |
651 | =item C<MKBUNDLE> |
492 | |
652 | |
… | |
… | |
517 | instcpan Anyevent::AIO AnyEvent::HTTPD |
677 | instcpan Anyevent::AIO AnyEvent::HTTPD |
518 | } |
678 | } |
519 | |
679 | |
520 | =over 4 |
680 | =over 4 |
521 | |
681 | |
|
|
682 | =item preconfigure |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | Called just before running F<./Configur> in the perl source |
|
|
685 | directory. Current working directory is the perl source directory. |
|
|
686 | |
|
|
687 | This can be used to set any C<PERL_xxx> variables, which might be costly |
|
|
688 | to compute. |
|
|
689 | |
522 | =item postconfigure |
690 | =item postconfigure |
523 | |
691 | |
524 | Called after configuring, but before building perl. Current working |
692 | Called after configuring, but before building perl. Current working |
525 | directory is the perl source directory. |
693 | directory is the perl source directory. |
526 | |
694 | |
527 | Could be used to tailor/patch config.sh (followed by F<./Configure -S>) or |
695 | Could be used to tailor/patch config.sh (followed by F<sh Configure -S>) |
528 | do any other modifications. |
696 | or do any other modifications. |
529 | |
697 | |
530 | =item postbuild |
698 | =item postbuild |
531 | |
699 | |
532 | Called after building, but before installing perl. Current working |
700 | Called after building, but before installing perl. Current working |
533 | directory is the perl source directory. |
701 | directory is the perl source directory. |
… | |
… | |
548 | The script must return with a zero exit status, or the installation will |
716 | The script must return with a zero exit status, or the installation will |
549 | fail. |
717 | fail. |
550 | |
718 | |
551 | =back |
719 | =back |
552 | |
720 | |
|
|
721 | =head1 ANATOMY OF A BUNDLE |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | When not building a new perl binary, C<mkbundle> will leave a number of |
|
|
724 | files in the current working directory, which can be used to embed a perl |
|
|
725 | interpreter in your program. |
|
|
726 | |
|
|
727 | Intimate knowledge of L<perlembed> and preferably some experience with |
|
|
728 | embedding perl is highly recommended. |
|
|
729 | |
|
|
730 | C<mkperl> (or the C<--perl> option) basically does this to link the new |
|
|
731 | interpreter (it also adds a main program to F<bundle.>): |
|
|
732 | |
|
|
733 | $Config{cc} $(cat bundle.ccopts) -o perl bundle.c $(cat bundle.ldopts) |
|
|
734 | |
|
|
735 | =over 4 |
|
|
736 | |
|
|
737 | =item bundle.h |
|
|
738 | |
|
|
739 | A header file that contains the prototypes of the few symbols "exported" |
|
|
740 | by bundle.c, and also exposes the perl headers to the application. |
|
|
741 | |
|
|
742 | =over 4 |
|
|
743 | |
|
|
744 | =item staticperl_init () |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | Initialises the perl interpreter. You can use the normal perl functions |
|
|
747 | after calling this function, for example, to define extra functions or |
|
|
748 | to load a .pm file that contains some initialisation code, or the main |
|
|
749 | program function: |
|
|
750 | |
|
|
751 | XS (xsfunction) |
|
|
752 | { |
|
|
753 | dXSARGS; |
|
|
754 | |
|
|
755 | // now we have items, ST(i) etc. |
|
|
756 | } |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | static void |
|
|
759 | run_myapp(void) |
|
|
760 | { |
|
|
761 | staticperl_init (); |
|
|
762 | newXSproto ("myapp::xsfunction", xsfunction, __FILE__, "$$;$"); |
|
|
763 | eval_pv ("require myapp::main", 1); // executes "myapp/main.pm" |
|
|
764 | } |
|
|
765 | |
|
|
766 | =item staticperl_xs_init (pTHX) |
|
|
767 | |
|
|
768 | Sometimes you need direct control over C<perl_parse> and C<perl_run>, in |
|
|
769 | which case you do not want to use C<staticperl_init> but call them on your |
|
|
770 | own. |
|
|
771 | |
|
|
772 | Then you need this function - either pass it directly as the C<xs_init> |
|
|
773 | function to C<perl_parse>, or call it from your own C<xs_init> function. |
|
|
774 | |
|
|
775 | =item staticperl_cleanup () |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | In the unlikely case that you want to destroy the perl interpreter, here |
|
|
778 | is the corresponding function. |
|
|
779 | |
|
|
780 | =item PerlInterpreter *staticperl |
|
|
781 | |
|
|
782 | The perl interpreter pointer used by staticperl. Not normally so useful, |
|
|
783 | but there it is. |
|
|
784 | |
|
|
785 | =back |
|
|
786 | |
|
|
787 | =item bundle.ccopts |
|
|
788 | |
|
|
789 | Contains the compiler options required to compile at least F<bundle.c> and |
|
|
790 | any file that includes F<bundle.h> - you should probably use it in your |
|
|
791 | C<CFLAGS>. |
|
|
792 | |
|
|
793 | =item bundle.ldopts |
|
|
794 | |
|
|
795 | The linker options needed to link the final program. |
|
|
796 | |
|
|
797 | =back |
|
|
798 | |
|
|
799 | =head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY |
|
|
800 | |
|
|
801 | Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functions, which |
|
|
802 | are required to access the bundled perl sources, but might be useful for |
|
|
803 | other purposes. |
|
|
804 | |
|
|
805 | In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl> |
|
|
806 | overrides the C<@INC> array. |
|
|
807 | |
|
|
808 | =over 4 |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | =item $file = staticperl::find $path |
|
|
811 | |
|
|
812 | Returns the data associated with the given C<$path> |
|
|
813 | (e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>), which is basically |
|
|
814 | the UNIX path relative to the perl library directory. |
|
|
815 | |
|
|
816 | Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded. |
|
|
817 | |
|
|
818 | =item @paths = staticperl::list |
|
|
819 | |
|
|
820 | Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary. |
|
|
821 | |
|
|
822 | =back |
|
|
823 | |
|
|
824 | =head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - BUILDROOT |
|
|
825 | |
|
|
826 | To make truly static (Linux-) libraries, you might want to have a look at |
|
|
827 | buildroot (L<http://buildroot.uclibc.org/>). |
|
|
828 | |
|
|
829 | Buildroot is primarily meant to set up a cross-compile environment (which |
|
|
830 | is not so useful as perl doesn't quite like cross compiles), but it can also compile |
|
|
831 | a chroot environment where you can use F<staticperl>. |
|
|
832 | |
|
|
833 | To do so, download buildroot, and enable "Build options => development |
|
|
834 | files in target filesystem" and optionally "Build options => gcc |
|
|
835 | optimization level (optimize for size)". At the time of writing, I had |
|
|
836 | good experiences with GCC 4.4.x but not GCC 4.5. |
|
|
837 | |
|
|
838 | To minimise code size, I used C<-pipe -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections |
|
|
839 | -finline-limit=8 -fno-builtin-strlen -mtune=i386>. The C<-mtune=i386> |
|
|
840 | doesn't decrease codesize much, but it makes the file much more |
|
|
841 | compressible. |
|
|
842 | |
|
|
843 | If you don't need Coro or threads, you can go with "linuxthreads.old" (or |
|
|
844 | no thread support). For Coro, it is highly recommended to switch to a |
|
|
845 | uClibc newer than 0.9.31 (at the time of this writing, I used the 20101201 |
|
|
846 | snapshot) and enable NPTL, otherwise Coro needs to be configured with the |
|
|
847 | ultra-slow pthreads backend to work around linuxthreads bugs (it also uses |
|
|
848 | twice the address space needed for stacks). |
|
|
849 | |
|
|
850 | If you use C<linuxthreads.old>, then you should also be aware that |
|
|
851 | uClibc shares C<errno> between all threads when statically linking. See |
|
|
852 | L<http://lists.uclibc.org/pipermail/uclibc/2010-June/044157.html> for a |
|
|
853 | workaround (And L<https://bugs.uclibc.org/2089> for discussion). |
|
|
854 | |
|
|
855 | C<ccache> support is also recommended, especially if you want |
|
|
856 | to play around with buildroot options. Enabling the C<miniperl> |
|
|
857 | package will probably enable all options required for a successful |
|
|
858 | perl build. F<staticperl> itself additionally needs either C<wget> |
|
|
859 | (recommended, for CPAN) or C<curl>. |
|
|
860 | |
|
|
861 | As for shells, busybox should provide all that is needed, but the default |
|
|
862 | busybox configuration doesn't include F<comm> which is needed by perl - |
|
|
863 | either make a custom busybox config, or compile coreutils. |
|
|
864 | |
|
|
865 | For the latter route, you might find that bash has some bugs that keep |
|
|
866 | it from working properly in a chroot - either use dash (and link it to |
|
|
867 | F</bin/sh> inside the chroot) or link busybox to F</bin/sh>, using it's |
|
|
868 | built-in ash shell. |
|
|
869 | |
|
|
870 | Finally, you need F</dev/null> inside the chroot for many scripts to work |
|
|
871 | - F<cp /dev/null output/target/dev> or bind-mounting your F</dev> will |
|
|
872 | both provide this. |
|
|
873 | |
|
|
874 | After you have compiled and set up your buildroot target, you can copy |
|
|
875 | F<staticperl> from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution or from your |
|
|
876 | perl f<bin> directory (if you installed it) into the F<output/target> |
|
|
877 | filesystem, chroot inside and run it. |
|
|
878 | |
|
|
879 | =head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES |
|
|
880 | |
|
|
881 | This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about |
|
|
882 | problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra |
|
|
883 | files to be included. |
|
|
884 | |
|
|
885 | =head2 MODULES |
|
|
886 | |
|
|
887 | =over 4 |
|
|
888 | |
|
|
889 | =item utf8 |
|
|
890 | |
|
|
891 | Some functionality in the utf8 module, such as swash handling (used |
|
|
892 | for unicode character ranges in regexes) is implemented in the |
|
|
893 | C<"utf8_heavy.pl"> library: |
|
|
894 | |
|
|
895 | -M'"utf8_heavy.pl"' |
|
|
896 | |
|
|
897 | Many Unicode properties in turn are defined in separate modules, |
|
|
898 | such as C<"unicore/Heavy.pl"> and more specific data tables such as |
|
|
899 | C<"unicore/To/Digit.pl"> or C<"unicore/lib/Perl/Word.pl">. These tables |
|
|
900 | are big (7MB uncompressed, although F<staticperl> contains special |
|
|
901 | handling for those files), so including them on demand by your application |
|
|
902 | only might pay off. |
|
|
903 | |
|
|
904 | To simply include the whole unicode database, use: |
|
|
905 | |
|
|
906 | --incglob '/unicore/*.pl' |
|
|
907 | |
|
|
908 | =item AnyEvent |
|
|
909 | |
|
|
910 | AnyEvent needs a backend implementation that it will load in a delayed |
|
|
911 | fashion. The L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> backend is the default choice |
|
|
912 | for AnyEvent if it can't find anything else, and is usually a safe |
|
|
913 | fallback. If you plan to use e.g. L<EV> (L<POE>...), then you need to |
|
|
914 | include the L<AnyEvent::Impl::EV> (L<AnyEvent::Impl::POE>...) backend as |
|
|
915 | well. |
|
|
916 | |
|
|
917 | If you want to handle IRIs or IDNs (L<AnyEvent::Util> punycode and idn |
|
|
918 | functions), you also need to include C<"AnyEvent/Util/idna.pl"> and |
|
|
919 | C<"AnyEvent/Util/uts46data.pl">. |
|
|
920 | |
|
|
921 | =item Carp |
|
|
922 | |
|
|
923 | Carp had (in older versions of perl) a dependency on L<Carp::Heavy>. As of |
|
|
924 | perl 5.12.2 (maybe earlier), this dependency no longer exists. |
|
|
925 | |
|
|
926 | =item Config |
|
|
927 | |
|
|
928 | The F<perl -V> switch (as well as many modules) needs L<Config>, which in |
|
|
929 | turn might need L<"Config_heavy.pl">. Including the latter gives you |
|
|
930 | both. |
|
|
931 | |
|
|
932 | =item Term::ReadLine::Perl |
|
|
933 | |
|
|
934 | Also needs L<Term::ReadLine::readline>. |
|
|
935 | |
|
|
936 | =item URI |
|
|
937 | |
|
|
938 | URI implements schemes as separate modules - the generic URL scheme is |
|
|
939 | implemented in L<URI::_generic>, HTTP is implemented in L<URI::http>. If |
|
|
940 | you need to use any of these schemes, you should include these manually. |
|
|
941 | |
|
|
942 | =back |
|
|
943 | |
|
|
944 | =head2 RECIPES |
|
|
945 | |
|
|
946 | =over 4 |
|
|
947 | |
|
|
948 | =item Linking everything in |
|
|
949 | |
|
|
950 | To link just about everything installed in the perl library into a new |
|
|
951 | perl, try this: |
|
|
952 | |
|
|
953 | staticperl mkperl --strip ppi --incglob '*' |
|
|
954 | |
|
|
955 | =item Getting rid of netdb function |
|
|
956 | |
|
|
957 | The perl core has lots of netdb functions (C<getnetbyname>, C<getgrent> |
|
|
958 | and so on) that few applications use. You can avoid compiling them in by |
|
|
959 | putting the following fragment into a C<preconfigure> hook: |
|
|
960 | |
|
|
961 | preconfigure() { |
|
|
962 | for sym in \ |
|
|
963 | d_getgrnam_r d_endgrent d_endgrent_r d_endhent \ |
|
|
964 | d_endhostent_r d_endnent d_endnetent_r d_endpent \ |
|
|
965 | d_endprotoent_r d_endpwent d_endpwent_r d_endsent \ |
|
|
966 | d_endservent_r d_getgrent d_getgrent_r d_getgrgid_r \ |
|
|
967 | d_getgrnam_r d_gethbyaddr d_gethent d_getsbyport \ |
|
|
968 | d_gethostbyaddr_r d_gethostbyname_r d_gethostent_r \ |
|
|
969 | d_getlogin_r d_getnbyaddr d_getnbyname d_getnent \ |
|
|
970 | d_getnetbyaddr_r d_getnetbyname_r d_getnetent_r \ |
|
|
971 | d_getpent d_getpbyname d_getpbynumber d_getprotobyname_r \ |
|
|
972 | d_getprotobynumber_r d_getprotoent_r d_getpwent \ |
|
|
973 | d_getpwent_r d_getpwnam_r d_getpwuid_r d_getsent \ |
|
|
974 | d_getservbyname_r d_getservbyport_r d_getservent_r \ |
|
|
975 | d_getspnam_r d_getsbyname |
|
|
976 | # d_gethbyname |
|
|
977 | do |
|
|
978 | PERL_CONFIGURE="$PERL_CONFIGURE -U$sym" |
|
|
979 | done |
|
|
980 | } |
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|
981 | |
|
|
982 | This mostly gains space when linking staticaly, as the functions will |
|
|
983 | liekly not be linked in. The gain for dynamically-linked binaries is |
|
|
984 | smaller. |
|
|
985 | |
|
|
986 | Also, this leaves C<gethostbyname> in - not only is it actually used |
|
|
987 | often, the L<Socket> module also exposes it, so leaving it out usually |
|
|
988 | gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already |
|
|
989 | is anybody's guess. |
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|
990 | |
|
|
991 | =back |
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|
992 | |
553 | =head1 AUTHOR |
993 | =head1 AUTHOR |
554 | |
994 | |
555 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
995 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
556 | http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html |
996 | http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html |