[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod

Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.43 by root, Sun Jun 26 17:26:52 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.63 by root, Tue Mar 19 15:24:49 2019 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one 500kb file	3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one standalone 500kb file
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation	7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation
8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources	8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources
11	staticperl install # build and then install perl	11	staticperl install # build and then install perl
12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)	12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)
13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script	13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script
14	staticperl perl ... # invoke the perlinterpreter	14	staticperl perl ... # invoke the perlinterpreter
15	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell	15	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell
16	staticperl instmod path... # install unpacked modules	16	staticperl instsrc path... # install unpacked modules
17	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN	17	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN
18	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation	18	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation
19	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation	19	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation
20	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation	20	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation
21		21
…		…
84	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct	84	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct
85	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.	85	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.
86	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.	86	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.
87		87
88	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in	88	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in
89	the future, but right now, you have to resolve state hidden dependencies	89	the future, but right now, you have to resolve hidden dependencies
90	manually.	90	manually.
91		91
92	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.	92	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.
93		93
94	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while	94	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while
…		…
202	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]	202	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]
203		203
204	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further	204	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further
205	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,	205	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,
206	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via	206	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via
207	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>.	207	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>, except that F<staticperl> additionally
		208	sets the environment variable C<$PERL> to the path of the perl
		209	interpreter, which is handy in subshells.
208		210
209	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.	211	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.
210		212
211	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...	213	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...
212		214
…		…
346	add eg/httpd httpd.pm	348	add eg/httpd httpd.pm
347		349
348	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the	350	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the
349	order given on the command line.	351	order given on the command line.
350		352
351	=head3 BUNDLE CREATION WORKFLOW / STATICPELR MKBUNDLE OPTIONS	353	=head3 BUNDLE CREATION WORKFLOW / STATICPERL MKBUNDLE OPTIONS
352		354
353	F<staticperl mkbundle> works by first assembling a list of candidate	355	F<staticperl mkbundle> works by first assembling a list of candidate
354	files and modules to include, then filtering them by include/exclude	356	files and modules to include, then filtering them by include/exclude
355	patterns. The remaining modules (together with their direct dependencies,	357	patterns. The remaining modules (together with their direct dependencies,
356	such as link libraries and L<AutoLoader> files) are then converted into	358	such as link libraries and L<AutoLoader> files) are then converted into
…		…
541	# then later, in perl, use	543	# then later, in perl, use
542	use myfiles::file1;	544	use myfiles::file1;
543	require myfiles::file2;	545	require myfiles::file2;
544	my $res = do "myfiles/file3.pl";	546	my $res = do "myfiles/file3.pl";
545		547
546	=item C<--binadd> F<file> \| C<--add> "F<file> alias"	548	=item C<--addbin> F<file> \| C<--addbin> "F<file> alias"
547		549
548	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it	550	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it
549	without any postprocessing (perl files might get stripped to reduce their	551	without any postprocessing (perl files might get stripped to reduce their
550	size).	552	size).
551		553
552	If you specify an alias you should probably add a C<&> prefix to avoid	554	If you specify an alias you should probably add a C</> prefix to avoid
553	clashing with embedded perl files (whose paths never start with C<&>),	555	clashing with embedded perl files (whose paths never start with C</>),
554	and/or use a special directory prefix, such as C<&res/name>.	556	and/or use a special directory prefix, such as C</res/name>.
555		557
556	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<staticperl::find	558	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<static::find
557	"alias">.	559	"alias">.
558		560
559	An alternative way to embed binary files is to convert them to perl and	561	An alternative way to embed binary files is to convert them to perl and
560	use C<do> to get the contents - this method is a bit cumbersome, but works	562	use C<do> to get the contents - this method is a bit cumbersome, but works
561	both inside and outside of a staticperl bundle:	563	both inside and outside of a staticperl bundle, without extra ado:
562		564
563	# a "binary" file, call it "bindata.pl"	565	# a "binary" file, call it "bindata.pl"
564	<<'SOME_MARKER'	566	<<'SOME_MARKER'
565	binary data NOT containing SOME_MARKER	567	binary data NOT containing SOME_MARKER
566	SOME_MARKER	568	SOME_MARKER
567		569
568	# load the binary	570	# load the binary
569	chomp (my $data = do "bindata.pl");	571	chomp (my $data = do "bindata.pl");
		572
		573	=item C<--allow-dynamic>
		574
		575	By default, when F<mkbundle> hits a dynamic perl extension (e.g. a F<.so>
		576	or F<.dll> file), it will stop with a fatal error.
		577
		578	When this option is enabled, F<mkbundle> packages the shared
		579	object into the bundle instead, with a prefix of F<!>
		580	(e.g. F<!auto/List/Util/Util.so>). What you do with that is currently up
		581	to you, F<staticperl> has no special support for this at the moment, apart
		582	from working around the lack of availability of F<PerlIO::scalar> while
		583	bootstrapping, at a speed cost.
		584
		585	One way to deal with this is to write all files starting with F<!> into
		586	some directory and then C<unshift> that path onto C<@INC>.
		587
		588	#TODO: example
570		589
571	=back	590	=back
572		591
573	=item Step 2: filter all files using C<--include> and C<--exclude> options.	592	=item Step 2: filter all files using C<--include> and C<--exclude> options.
574		593
…		…
733	standalone applications, and this option removes those known to cause	752	standalone applications, and this option removes those known to cause
734	trouble.	753	trouble.
735		754
736	Specifically, these are removed:	755	Specifically, these are removed:
737		756
738	C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> and C<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS> can cause underaible	757	C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> and C<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS> can cause undesirable
739	output, C<PERL5OPT>, C<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and	758	output, C<PERL5OPT>, C<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and
740	C<PERL_SIGNALS> can alter execution significantly, and C<PERL_UNICODE>,	759	C<PERL_SIGNALS> can alter execution significantly, and C<PERL_UNICODE>,
741	C<PERLIO_DEBUG> and C<PERLIO> can affect input and output.	760	C<PERLIO_DEBUG> and C<PERLIO> can affect input and output.
742		761
743	The variables C<PERL_LIB> and C<PERL5_LIB> are always ignored because the	762	The variables C<PERL_LIB> and C<PERL5_LIB> are always ignored because the
…		…
781	staticperl mkperl -MIO::AIO --staticlib crypt	800	staticperl mkperl -MIO::AIO --staticlib crypt
782		801
783	# ldopts might now contain:	802	# ldopts might now contain:
784	# -lm -Wl,-Bstatic -lcrypt -Wl,-Bdynamic -lpthread	803	# -lm -Wl,-Bstatic -lcrypt -Wl,-Bdynamic -lpthread
785		804
		805	=item C<--extra-cflags> string
		806
		807	Specifies extra compiler flags, used when compiling the bundle file. The
		808	flags are appended to all the existing flags, so can be sued to override
		809	settings.
		810
		811	=item C<--extra-ldflags> string
		812
		813	Specifies extra linker flags, used when linking the bundle.
		814
		815	=item C<--extra-libs> string
		816
		817	Extra linker flags, appended at the end when linking. The difference to
		818	C<--extra-ldflags> is that the ldflags are appended to the flags, before
		819	the objects and libraries, and the extra libs are added at the end.
		820
786	=back	821	=back
787		822
788	=back	823	=back
789		824
790	=head3 EXTENDED GLOB PATTERNS	825	=head3 EXTENDED GLOB PATTERNS
…		…
890	downloaded perl sources are being cached, to avoid downloading them	925	downloaded perl sources are being cached, to avoid downloading them
891	again. The default is empty, which means there is no cache.	926	again. The default is empty, which means there is no cache.
892		927
893	=item C<PERL_VERSION>	928	=item C<PERL_VERSION>
894		929
895	The perl version to install - default is currently C<5.12.3>, but C<5.8.9>	930	The perl version to install - C<5.12.5> is a good choice for small builds,
896	is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.3, while 5.10.1 is	931	but C<5.8.9> is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.5), if
897	about as big as 5.12.3).	932	it builds on your system.
		933
		934	You can also set this variable to the absolute URL of a tarball (F<.tar>,
		935	F<.tar.gz>, F<.tar.bz2>, F<.tar.lzma> or F<.tar.xz>), or to the absolute
		936	path of an unpacked perl source tree, which will be copied.
		937
		938	The default is currently
		939	F<http://stableperl.schmorp.de/dist/latest.tar.gz>, i.e. the latest
		940	stableperl release.
898		941
899	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...	942	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...
900		943
901	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their	944	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their
902	installation, you can set any environment variable you want - some modules	945	installation. You can set (and export!) any environment variable you want
903	(such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for further tweaking.	946	- some modules (such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for
		947	further tweaking.
904		948
905	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>	949	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>
906		950
907	The prefix where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),	951	The directory where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),
908	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up.	952	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up. Previous
		953	contents will be removed on installation.
909		954
910	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>	955	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>
911		956
912	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl	957	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl
913	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,	958	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,
…		…
929	F<~/.staticperlrc> to override them.	974	F<~/.staticperlrc> to override them.
930		975
931	Most of the variables override (or modify) the corresponding F<Configure>	976	Most of the variables override (or modify) the corresponding F<Configure>
932	variable, except C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, which gets appended.	977	variable, except C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, which gets appended.
933		978
934	You should have a look near the beginning of the F<staticperl> script -	979	The default for C<PERL_OPTIMIZE> is C<-Os> (assuming gcc), and for
935	staticperl tries to default C<PERL_OPTIMIZE> to some psace-saving options	980	C<PERL_LIBS> is C<-lm -lcrypt>, which should be good for most (but not
936	suitable for newer gcc versions. For other compilers or older versions you	981	all) systems.
		982
		983	For other compilers or more customised optimisation settings, you need to
937	need to adjust these, for example, in your F<~/.staticperlrc>.	984	adjust these, e.g. in your F<~/.staticperlrc>.
		985
		986	With gcc on x86 and amd64, you can get more space-savings by using:
		987
		988	-Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -finline-limit=8 -mpush-args
		989	-mno-inline-stringops-dynamically -mno-align-stringops
		990
		991	And on x86 and pentium3 and newer (basically everything you might ever
		992	want to run on), adding these is even better for space-savings (use
		993	-mtune=core2 or something newer for much faster code, too):
		994
		995	-fomit-frame-pointer -march=pentium3 -mtune=i386
938		996
939	=back	997	=back
940		998
941	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override	999	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override
942		1000
…		…
1121		1179
1122	=back	1180	=back
1123		1181
1124	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY	1182	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY
1125		1183
1126	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functions, which	1184	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functionality,
1127	are required to access the bundled perl sources, but might be useful for	1185	mostly related to the extra files bundled in the binary (the virtual
1128	other purposes.	1186	filesystem). All of this data is statically compiled into the binary, and
		1187	accessing means copying it from a read-only section of your binary. Data
		1188	pages in this way are usually freed by the operating system, as they aren't
		1189	used more then once.
		1190
		1191	=head2 VIRTUAL FILESYSTEM
		1192
		1193	Every bundle has a virtual filesystem. The only information stored in it
		1194	is the path and contents of each file that was bundled.
		1195
		1196	=head3 LAYOUT
		1197
		1198	Any path starting with an ampersand (F<&>) or exclamation mark (F<!>) are
		1199	reserved by F<staticperl>. They must only be used as described in this
		1200	section.
		1201
		1202	=over 4
		1203
		1204	=item !
		1205
		1206	All files that typically cannot be loaded from memory (such as dynamic
		1207	objects or shared libraries), but have to reside in the filesystem, are
		1208	prefixed with F<!>. Typically these files get written out to some
		1209	(semi-)temporary directory shortly after program startup, or before being
		1210	used.
		1211
		1212	=item !boot
		1213
		1214	The bootstrap file, if specified during bundling.
		1215
		1216	=item !auto/
		1217
		1218	Shared objects or dlls corresponding to dynamically-linked perl extensions
		1219	are stored with an F<!auto/> prefix.
		1220
		1221	=item !lib/
		1222
		1223	External shared libraries are stored in this directory.
		1224
		1225	=item any letter
		1226
		1227	Any path starting with a letter is a perl library file. For example,
		1228	F<Coro/AIO.pm> corresponds to the file loaded by C<use Coro::AIO>, and
		1229	F<Coro/jit.pl> corresponds to C<require "Coro/jit.pl">.
		1230
		1231	Obviously, module names shouldn't start with any other characters than
		1232	letters :)
		1233
		1234	=back
		1235
		1236	=head3 FUNCTIONS
		1237
		1238	=over 4
		1239
		1240	=item $file = static::find $path
		1241
		1242	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>
		1243	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>).
		1244
		1245	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
		1246
		1247	=item @paths = static::list
		1248
		1249	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
		1250
		1251	=back
		1252
		1253	=head2 EXTRA FEATURES
1129		1254
1130	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>	1255	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>
1131	overrides the C<@INC> array.	1256	overrides the C<@INC> array.
1132		1257
1133	=over 4	1258	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - ALPINE LINUX
1134		1259
1135	=item $file = staticperl::find $path	1260	This section once contained a way to build fully static (including
		1261	uClibc) binaries with buildroot. Unfortunately, buildroot no longer
		1262	supports a compiler, so I recommend using alpine linux instead
		1263	(L<http://alpinelinux.org/>). Get yourself a VM (e.g. with qemu), run an
		1264	older alpine linux verison in it (e.g. 2.4), copy staticperl inside and
		1265	use it.
1136		1266
1137	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>	1267	The reason you might want an older alpine linux is that uClibc can be
1138	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>), which is basically	1268	quite dependent on kernel versions, so the newest version of alpine linux
1139	the UNIX path relative to the perl library directory.	1269	might need a newer kernel then you might want for, if you plan to run your
1140		1270	binaries on on other kernels.
1141	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
1142
1143	=item @paths = staticperl::list
1144
1145	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
1146
1147	=back
1148
1149	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - UCLIBC AND BUILDROOT
1150
1151	To make truly static (Linux-) libraries, you might want to have a look at
1152	buildroot (L<http://buildroot.uclibc.org/>).
1153
1154	Buildroot is primarily meant to set up a cross-compile environment (which
1155	is not so useful as perl doesn't quite like cross compiles), but it can also compile
1156	a chroot environment where you can use F<staticperl>.
1157
1158	To do so, download buildroot, and enable "Build options => development
1159	files in target filesystem" and optionally "Build options => gcc
1160	optimization level (optimize for size)". At the time of writing, I had
1161	good experiences with GCC 4.4.x but not GCC 4.5.
1162
1163	To minimise code size, I used C<-pipe -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
1164	-finline-limit=8 -fno-builtin-strlen -mtune=i386>. The C<-mtune=i386>
1165	doesn't decrease codesize much, but it makes the file much more
1166	compressible (and the execution a lot slower...).
1167
1168	If you don't need Coro or threads, you can go with "linuxthreads.old" (or
1169	no thread support). For Coro, it is highly recommended to switch to a
1170	uClibc newer than 0.9.31 (at the time of this writing, I used the 20101201
1171	snapshot) and enable NPTL, otherwise Coro needs to be configured with the
1172	ultra-slow pthreads backend to work around linuxthreads bugs (it also uses
1173	twice the address space needed for stacks).
1174
1175	If you use C<linuxthreads.old>, then you should also be aware that
1176	uClibc shares C<errno> between all threads when statically linking. See
1177	L<http://lists.uclibc.org/pipermail/uclibc/2010-June/044157.html> for a
1178	workaround (and L<https://bugs.uclibc.org/2089> for discussion).
1179
1180	C<ccache> support is also recommended, especially if you want
1181	to play around with buildroot options. Enabling the C<miniperl>
1182	package will probably enable all options required for a successful
1183	perl build. F<staticperl> itself additionally needs either C<wget>
1184	(recommended, for CPAN) or C<curl>.
1185
1186	As for shells, busybox should provide all that is needed, but the default
1187	busybox configuration doesn't include F<comm> which is needed by perl -
1188	either make a custom busybox config, or compile coreutils.
1189
1190	For the latter route, you might find that bash has some bugs that keep
1191	it from working properly in a chroot - either use dash (and link it to
1192	F</bin/sh> inside the chroot) or link busybox to F</bin/sh>, using it's
1193	built-in ash shell.
1194
1195	Finally, you need F</dev/null> inside the chroot for many scripts to work
1196	- either F<cp /dev/null output/target/dev> or bind-mounting your F</dev>
1197	will provide this.
1198
1199	After you have compiled and set up your buildroot target, you can copy
1200	F<staticperl> from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution or from your
1201	perl F<bin> directory (if you installed it) into the F<output/target>
1202	filesystem, chroot inside and run it.
1203		1271
1204	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES	1272	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES
1205		1273
1206	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about	1274	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about
1207	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra	1275	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra
…		…
1269	C<MAN3PODS> to be empty via the C<PERL_MM_OPT> environment variable.	1337	C<MAN3PODS> to be empty via the C<PERL_MM_OPT> environment variable.
1270		1338
1271	=item Gtk2	1339	=item Gtk2
1272		1340
1273	See Pango, same problems, same solution.	1341	See Pango, same problems, same solution.
		1342
		1343	=item Net::SSLeay
		1344
		1345	This module hasn't been significantly updated since OpenSSL is called
		1346	OpenSSL, and fails to properly link against dependent libraries, most
		1347	commonly, it forgets to specify -ldl when linking.
		1348
		1349	On GNU/Linux systems this usually goes undetected, as perl usually links
		1350	against -ldl itself and OpenSSL just happens to pick it up that way, by
		1351	chance.
		1352
		1353	For static builds, you either have to configure -ldl manually, or you
		1354	cna use the following snippet in your C<postinstall> hook which patches
		1355	Net::SSLeay after installation, which happens to work most of the time:
		1356
		1357	postinstall() {
		1358	# first install it
		1359	instcpan Net::SSLeay
		1360	# then add -ldl for future linking
		1361	chmod u+w "$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1362	echo " -ldl" >>"$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1363	}
1274		1364
1275	=item Pango	1365	=item Pango
1276		1366
1277	In addition to the C<MAN3PODS> problem in Glib, Pango also routes around	1367	In addition to the C<MAN3PODS> problem in Glib, Pango also routes around
1278	L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> by compiling its files on its own. F<staticperl>	1368	L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> by compiling its files on its own. F<staticperl>
…		…
1346	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already	1436	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already
1347	is anybody's guess.	1437	is anybody's guess.
1348		1438
1349	=back	1439	=back
1350		1440
		1441	=head1 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
		1442
		1443	Some guy has made a repository on github
		1444	(L<https://github.com/gh0stwizard/staticperl-modules>) with some modules
		1445	patched to build with staticperl.
		1446
1351	=head1 AUTHOR	1447	=head1 AUTHOR
1352		1448
1353	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1449	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1354	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html	1450	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html
		1451

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Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents): Revision 1.43 by root, Sun Jun 26 17:26:52 2011 UTC vs. Revision 1.63 by root, Tue Mar 19 15:24:49 2019 UTC

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Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.43 by root, Sun Jun 26 17:26:52 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.63 by root, Tue Mar 19 15:24:49 2019 UTC