[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod

Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.39 by root, Sat Apr 2 11:00:34 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.61 by root, Fri Oct 16 02:43:37 2015 UTC

…		…
1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one 500kb file	3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one standalone 500kb file
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation	7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation
8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources	8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources
11	staticperl install # build and then install perl	11	staticperl install # build and then install perl
12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)	12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)
13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script	13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script
14	staticperl perl ... # invoke the perlinterpreter	14	staticperl perl ... # invoke the perlinterpreter
15	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell	15	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell
16	staticperl instmod path... # install unpacked modules	16	staticperl instsrc path... # install unpacked modules
17	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN	17	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN
18	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation	18	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation
19	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation	19	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation
20	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation	20	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation
21		21
…		…
39	file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all the modules you need, all	39	file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all the modules you need, all
40	the libraries you need and of course your actual program.	40	the libraries you need and of course your actual program.
41		41
42	With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary	42	With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary
43	that contains perl and 100 modules such as POSIX, AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO,	43	that contains perl and 100 modules such as POSIX, AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO,
44	Coro and so on. Or any other choice of modules.	44	Coro and so on. Or any other choice of modules (and some other size :).
45		45
46	To see how this turns out, you can try out smallperl and bigperl, two	46	To see how this turns out, you can try out smallperl and bigperl, two
47	pre-built static and compressed perl binaries with many and even more	47	pre-built static and compressed perl binaries with many and even more
48	modules: just follow the links at L<http://staticperl.schmorp.de/>.	48	modules: just follow the links at L<http://staticperl.schmorp.de/>.
49		49
…		…
84	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct	84	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct
85	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.	85	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.
86	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.	86	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.
87		87
88	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in	88	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in
89	the future, but right now, you have to resolve state hidden dependencies	89	the future, but right now, you have to resolve hidden dependencies
90	manually.	90	manually.
91		91
92	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.	92	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.
93		93
94	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while	94	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while
…		…
202	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]	202	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]
203		203
204	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further	204	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further
205	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,	205	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,
206	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via	206	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via
207	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>.	207	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>, except that F<staticperl> additionally
		208	sets the environment variable C<$PERL> to the path of the perl
		209	interpreter, which is handy in subshells.
208		210
209	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.	211	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.
210		212
211	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...	213	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...
212		214
…		…
346	add eg/httpd httpd.pm	348	add eg/httpd httpd.pm
347		349
348	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the	350	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the
349	order given on the command line.	351	order given on the command line.
350		352
351	=head3 BUNDLE CREATION WORKFLOW / STATICPELR MKBUNDLE OPTIONS	353	=head3 BUNDLE CREATION WORKFLOW / STATICPERL MKBUNDLE OPTIONS
352		354
353	F<staticperl mkbundle> works by first assembling a list of candidate	355	F<staticperl mkbundle> works by first assembling a list of candidate
354	files and modules to include, then filtering them by include/exclude	356	files and modules to include, then filtering them by include/exclude
355	patterns. The remaining modules (together with their direct dependencies,	357	patterns. The remaining modules (together with their direct dependencies,
356	such as link libraries and L<AutoLoader> files) are then converted into	358	such as link libraries and L<AutoLoader> files) are then converted into
…		…
541	# then later, in perl, use	543	# then later, in perl, use
542	use myfiles::file1;	544	use myfiles::file1;
543	require myfiles::file2;	545	require myfiles::file2;
544	my $res = do "myfiles/file3.pl";	546	my $res = do "myfiles/file3.pl";
545		547
546	=item C<--binadd> F<file> \| C<--add> "F<file> alias"	548	=item C<--addbin> F<file> \| C<--addbin> "F<file> alias"
547		549
548	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it	550	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it
549	without any postprocessing (perl files might get stripped to reduce their	551	without any postprocessing (perl files might get stripped to reduce their
550	size).	552	size).
551		553
552	If you specify an alias you should probably add a C<&> prefix to avoid	554	If you specify an alias you should probably add a C</> prefix to avoid
553	clashing with embedded perl files (whose paths never start with C<&>),	555	clashing with embedded perl files (whose paths never start with C</>),
554	and/or use a special directory prefix, such as C<&res/name>.	556	and/or use a special directory prefix, such as C</res/name>.
555		557
556	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<staticperl::find	558	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<static::find
557	"alias">.	559	"alias">.
558		560
559	An alternative way to embed binary files is to convert them to perl and	561	An alternative way to embed binary files is to convert them to perl and
560	use C<do> to get the contents - this method is a bit cumbersome, but works	562	use C<do> to get the contents - this method is a bit cumbersome, but works
561	both inside and outside of a staticperl bundle:	563	both inside and outside of a staticperl bundle, without extra ado:
562		564
563	# a "binary" file, call it "bindata.pl"	565	# a "binary" file, call it "bindata.pl"
564	<<'SOME_MARKER'	566	<<'SOME_MARKER'
565	binary data NOT containing SOME_MARKER	567	binary data NOT containing SOME_MARKER
566	SOME_MARKER	568	SOME_MARKER
567		569
568	# load the binary	570	# load the binary
569	chomp (my $data = do "bindata.pl");	571	chomp (my $data = do "bindata.pl");
		572
		573	=item C<--allow-dynamic>
		574
		575	By default, when F<mkbundle> hits a dynamic perl extension (e.g. a F<.so>
		576	or F<.dll> file), it will stop with a fatal error.
		577
		578	When this option is enabled, F<mkbundle> packages the shared
		579	object into the bundle instead, with a prefix of F<!>
		580	(e.g. F<!auto/List/Util/Util.so>). What you do with that is currently up
		581	to you, F<staticperl> has no special support for this at the moment, apart
		582	from working around the lack of availability of F<PerlIO::scalar> while
		583	bootstrapping, at a speed cost.
		584
		585	One way to deal with this is to write all files starting with F<!> into
		586	some directory and then C<unshift> that path onto C<@INC>.
		587
		588	#TODO: example
570		589
571	=back	590	=back
572		591
573	=item Step 2: filter all files using C<--include> and C<--exclude> options.	592	=item Step 2: filter all files using C<--include> and C<--exclude> options.
574		593
…		…
733	standalone applications, and this option removes those known to cause	752	standalone applications, and this option removes those known to cause
734	trouble.	753	trouble.
735		754
736	Specifically, these are removed:	755	Specifically, these are removed:
737		756
738	C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> and C<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS> can cause underaible	757	C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> and C<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS> can cause undesirable
739	output, C<PERL5OPT>, C<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and	758	output, C<PERL5OPT>, C<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and
740	C<PERL_SIGNALS> can alter execution significantly, and C<PERL_UNICODE>,	759	C<PERL_SIGNALS> can alter execution significantly, and C<PERL_UNICODE>,
741	C<PERLIO_DEBUG> and C<PERLIO> can affect input and output.	760	C<PERLIO_DEBUG> and C<PERLIO> can affect input and output.
742		761
743	The variables C<PERL_LIB> and C<PERL5_LIB> are always ignored because the	762	The variables C<PERL_LIB> and C<PERL5_LIB> are always ignored because the
…		…
882	=item C<STATICPERL>	901	=item C<STATICPERL>
883		902
884	The directory where staticperl stores all its files	903	The directory where staticperl stores all its files
885	(default: F<~/.staticperl>).	904	(default: F<~/.staticperl>).
886		905
		906	=item C<DLCACHE>
		907
		908	The path to a directory (will be created if it doesn't exist) where
		909	downloaded perl sources are being cached, to avoid downloading them
		910	again. The default is empty, which means there is no cache.
		911
		912	=item C<PERL_VERSION>
		913
		914	The perl version to install - C<5.12.5> is a good choice for small builds,
		915	but C<5.8.9> is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.5), if
		916	it builds on your system.
		917
		918	You can also set this variable to the absolute URL of a tarball (F<.tar>,
		919	F<.tar.gz>, F<.tar.bz2>, F<.tar.lzma> or F<.tar.xz>), or to the absolute
		920	path of an unpacked perl source tree, which will be copied.
		921
		922	The default is currently
		923	F<http://stableperl.schmorp.de/dist/latest.tar.gz>, i.e. the latest
		924	stableperl release.
		925
887	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...	926	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...
888		927
889	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their	928	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their
890	installation, you can set any environment variable you want - some modules	929	installation. You can set (and export!) any environment variable you want
891	(such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for further tweaking.	930	- some modules (such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for
892		931	further tweaking.
893	=item C<PERL_VERSION>
894
895	The perl version to install - default is currently C<5.12.3>, but C<5.8.9>
896	is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.3, while 5.10.1 is
897	about as big as 5.12.3).
898		932
899	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>	933	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>
900		934
901	The prefix where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),	935	The directory where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),
902	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up.	936	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up. Previous
		937	contents will be removed on installation.
903		938
904	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>	939	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>
905		940
906	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl	941	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl
907	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,	942	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,
…		…
922	the top of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these, and use a	957	the top of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these, and use a
923	F<~/.staticperlrc> to override them.	958	F<~/.staticperlrc> to override them.
924		959
925	Most of the variables override (or modify) the corresponding F<Configure>	960	Most of the variables override (or modify) the corresponding F<Configure>
926	variable, except C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, which gets appended.	961	variable, except C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, which gets appended.
		962
		963	The default for C<PERL_OPTIMIZE> is C<-Os> (assuming gcc), and for
		964	C<PERL_LIBS> is C<-lm -lcrypt>, which should be good for most (but not
		965	all) systems.
		966
		967	For other compilers or more customised optimisation settings, you need to
		968	adjust these, e.g. in your F<~/.staticperlrc>.
		969
		970	With gcc on x86 and amd64, you can get more space-savings by using:
		971
		972	-Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -finline-limit=8 -mpush-args
		973	-mno-inline-stringops-dynamically -mno-align-stringops
		974
		975	And on x86 and pentium3 and newer (basically everything you might ever
		976	want to run on), adding these is even better for space-savings (use
		977	-mtune=core2 or something newer for much faster code, too):
		978
		979	-fomit-frame-pointer -march=pentium3 -mtune=i386
927		980
928	=back	981	=back
929		982
930	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override	983	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override
931		984
…		…
1110		1163
1111	=back	1164	=back
1112		1165
1113	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY	1166	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY
1114		1167
1115	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functions, which	1168	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functionality,
1116	are required to access the bundled perl sources, but might be useful for	1169	mostly related to the extra files bundled in the binary (the virtual
1117	other purposes.	1170	filesystem). All of this data is statically compiled into the binary, and
		1171	accessing means copying it from a read-only section of your binary. Data
		1172	pages in this way is usually freed by the operating system, as it isn't
		1173	use more the onace.
		1174
		1175	=head2 VIRTUAL FILESYSTEM
		1176
		1177	Every bundle has a virtual filesystem. The only information stored in it
		1178	is the path and contents of each file that was bundled.
		1179
		1180	=head3 LAYOUT
		1181
		1182	Any path starting with an ampersand (F<&>) or exclamation mark (F<!>) are
		1183	reserved by F<staticperl>. They must only be used as described in this
		1184	section.
		1185
		1186	=over 4
		1187
		1188	=item !
		1189
		1190	All files that typically cannot be loaded from memory (such as dynamic
		1191	objects or shared libraries), but have to reside in the filesystem, are
		1192	prefixed with F<!>. Typically these files get written out to some
		1193	(semi-)temporary directory shortly after program startup, or before being
		1194	used.
		1195
		1196	=item !boot
		1197
		1198	The bootstrap file, if specified during bundling.
		1199
		1200	=item !auto/
		1201
		1202	Shared objects or dlls corresponding to dynamically-linked perl extensions
		1203	are stored with an F<!auto/> prefix.
		1204
		1205	=item !lib/
		1206
		1207	External shared libraries are stored in this directory.
		1208
		1209	=item any letter
		1210
		1211	Any path starting with a letter is a perl library file. For example,
		1212	F<Coro/AIO.pm> corresponds to the file loaded by C<use Coro::AIO>, and
		1213	F<Coro/jit.pl> corresponds to C<require "Coro/jit.pl">.
		1214
		1215	Obviously, module names shouldn't start with any other characters than
		1216	letters :)
		1217
		1218	=back
		1219
		1220	=head3 FUNCTIONS
		1221
		1222	=over 4
		1223
		1224	=item $file = static::find $path
		1225
		1226	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>
		1227	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>).
		1228
		1229	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
		1230
		1231	=item @paths = static::list
		1232
		1233	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
		1234
		1235	=back
		1236
		1237	=head2 EXTRA FEATURES
1118		1238
1119	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>	1239	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>
1120	overrides the C<@INC> array.	1240	overrides the C<@INC> array.
1121		1241
1122	=over 4	1242	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - ALPINE LINUX
1123		1243
1124	=item $file = staticperl::find $path	1244	This section once contained a way to build fully static (including
		1245	uClibc) binaries with buildroot. Unfortunately, buildroot no longer
		1246	supports a compiler, so I recommend using alpine linux instead
		1247	(L<http://alpinelinux.org/>). Get yourself a VM (e.g. with qemu), run an
		1248	older alpine linux verison in it (e.g. 2.4), copy staticperl inside and
		1249	use it.
1125		1250
1126	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>	1251	The reason you might want an older alpine linux is that uClibc can be
1127	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>), which is basically	1252	quite dependent on kernel versions, so the newest version of alpine linux
1128	the UNIX path relative to the perl library directory.	1253	might need a newer kernel then you might want for, if you plan to run your
1129		1254	binaries on on other kernels.
1130	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
1131
1132	=item @paths = staticperl::list
1133
1134	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
1135
1136	=back
1137
1138	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - UCLIBC AND BUILDROOT
1139
1140	To make truly static (Linux-) libraries, you might want to have a look at
1141	buildroot (L<http://buildroot.uclibc.org/>).
1142
1143	Buildroot is primarily meant to set up a cross-compile environment (which
1144	is not so useful as perl doesn't quite like cross compiles), but it can also compile
1145	a chroot environment where you can use F<staticperl>.
1146
1147	To do so, download buildroot, and enable "Build options => development
1148	files in target filesystem" and optionally "Build options => gcc
1149	optimization level (optimize for size)". At the time of writing, I had
1150	good experiences with GCC 4.4.x but not GCC 4.5.
1151
1152	To minimise code size, I used C<-pipe -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
1153	-finline-limit=8 -fno-builtin-strlen -mtune=i386>. The C<-mtune=i386>
1154	doesn't decrease codesize much, but it makes the file much more
1155	compressible.
1156
1157	If you don't need Coro or threads, you can go with "linuxthreads.old" (or
1158	no thread support). For Coro, it is highly recommended to switch to a
1159	uClibc newer than 0.9.31 (at the time of this writing, I used the 20101201
1160	snapshot) and enable NPTL, otherwise Coro needs to be configured with the
1161	ultra-slow pthreads backend to work around linuxthreads bugs (it also uses
1162	twice the address space needed for stacks).
1163
1164	If you use C<linuxthreads.old>, then you should also be aware that
1165	uClibc shares C<errno> between all threads when statically linking. See
1166	L<http://lists.uclibc.org/pipermail/uclibc/2010-June/044157.html> for a
1167	workaround (And L<https://bugs.uclibc.org/2089> for discussion).
1168
1169	C<ccache> support is also recommended, especially if you want
1170	to play around with buildroot options. Enabling the C<miniperl>
1171	package will probably enable all options required for a successful
1172	perl build. F<staticperl> itself additionally needs either C<wget>
1173	(recommended, for CPAN) or C<curl>.
1174
1175	As for shells, busybox should provide all that is needed, but the default
1176	busybox configuration doesn't include F<comm> which is needed by perl -
1177	either make a custom busybox config, or compile coreutils.
1178
1179	For the latter route, you might find that bash has some bugs that keep
1180	it from working properly in a chroot - either use dash (and link it to
1181	F</bin/sh> inside the chroot) or link busybox to F</bin/sh>, using it's
1182	built-in ash shell.
1183
1184	Finally, you need F</dev/null> inside the chroot for many scripts to work
1185	- F<cp /dev/null output/target/dev> or bind-mounting your F</dev> will
1186	both provide this.
1187
1188	After you have compiled and set up your buildroot target, you can copy
1189	F<staticperl> from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution or from your
1190	perl f<bin> directory (if you installed it) into the F<output/target>
1191	filesystem, chroot inside and run it.
1192		1255
1193	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES	1256	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES
1194		1257
1195	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about	1258	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about
1196	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra	1259	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra
…		…
1258	C<MAN3PODS> to be empty via the C<PERL_MM_OPT> environment variable.	1321	C<MAN3PODS> to be empty via the C<PERL_MM_OPT> environment variable.
1259		1322
1260	=item Gtk2	1323	=item Gtk2
1261		1324
1262	See Pango, same problems, same solution.	1325	See Pango, same problems, same solution.
		1326
		1327	=item Net::SSLeay
		1328
		1329	This module hasn't been significantly updated since OpenSSL is called
		1330	OpenSSL, and fails to properly link against dependent libraries, most
		1331	commonly, it forgets to specify -ldl when linking.
		1332
		1333	On GNU/Linux systems this usually goes undetected, as perl usually links
		1334	against -ldl itself and OpenSSL just happens to pick it up that way, by
		1335	chance.
		1336
		1337	For static builds, you either have to configure -ldl manually, or you
		1338	cna use the following snippet in your C<postinstall> hook which patches
		1339	Net::SSLeay after installation, which happens to work most of the time:
		1340
		1341	postinstall() {
		1342	# first install it
		1343	instcpan Net::SSLeay
		1344	# then add -ldl for future linking
		1345	chmod u+w "$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1346	echo " -ldl" >>"$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1347	}
1263		1348
1264	=item Pango	1349	=item Pango
1265		1350
1266	In addition to the C<MAN3PODS> problem in Glib, Pango also routes around	1351	In addition to the C<MAN3PODS> problem in Glib, Pango also routes around
1267	L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> by compiling its files on its own. F<staticperl>	1352	L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> by compiling its files on its own. F<staticperl>
…		…
1335	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already	1420	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already
1336	is anybody's guess.	1421	is anybody's guess.
1337		1422
1338	=back	1423	=back
1339		1424
		1425	=head1 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
		1426
		1427	Some guy has made a repository on github
		1428	(L<https://github.com/gh0stwizard/staticperl-modules>) with some modules
		1429	patched to build with staticperl.
		1430
1340	=head1 AUTHOR	1431	=head1 AUTHOR
1341		1432
1342	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1433	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1343	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html	1434	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html
		1435

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Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents): Revision 1.39 by root, Sat Apr 2 11:00:34 2011 UTC vs. Revision 1.61 by root, Fri Oct 16 02:43:37 2015 UTC

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Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.39 by root, Sat Apr 2 11:00:34 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.61 by root, Fri Oct 16 02:43:37 2015 UTC