ViewVC Help

View File | Revision Log | Show Annotations | Download File

/cvs/App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod

Comparing App-Staticperl/staticperl.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.19 by root, Fri Dec 10 15:25:24 2010 UTC vs.
Revision 1.66 by root, Fri Aug 4 03:14:33 2023 UTC

1	=head1 NAME	1	=head1 NAME
2		2
3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one 500kb file	3	staticperl - perl, libc, 100 modules, all in one standalone 500kb file
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation	7	staticperl help # print the embedded documentation
8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources	8	staticperl fetch # fetch and unpack perl sources
9	staticperl configure # fetch and then configure perl	9	staticperl configure # fetch and then configure perl
10	staticperl build # configure and then build perl	10	staticperl build # configure and then build perl
11	staticperl install # build and then install perl	11	staticperl install # build and then install perl
12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)	12	staticperl clean # clean most intermediate files (restart at configure)
13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script	13	staticperl distclean # delete everything installed by this script
		14	staticperl perl ... # invoke the perlinterpreter
14	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell	15	staticperl cpan # invoke CPAN shell
15	staticperl instmod path... # install unpacked modules	16	staticperl instsrc path... # install unpacked modules
16	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN	17	staticperl instcpan modulename... # install modules from CPAN
17	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation	18	staticperl mkbundle <bundle-args...> # see documentation
18	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation	19	staticperl mkperl <bundle-args...> # see documentation
19	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation	20	staticperl mkapp appname <bundle-args...> # see documentation
20		21
21	Typical Examples:	22	Typical Examples:
22		23
23	staticperl install # fetch, configure, build and install perl	24	staticperl install # fetch, configure, build and install perl
24	staticperl cpan # run interactive cpan shell	25	staticperl cpan # run interactive cpan shell
25	staticperl mkperl -M '"Config_heavy.pl"' # build a perl that supports -V	26	staticperl mkperl -MConfig_heavy.pl # build a perl that supports -V
26	staticperl mkperl -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI -MURI::http	27	staticperl mkperl -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI -MURI::http
27	# build a perl with the above modules linked in	28	# build a perl with the above modules linked in
28	staticperl mkapp myapp --boot mainprog mymodules	29	staticperl mkapp myapp --boot mainprog mymodules
29	# build a binary "myapp" from mainprog and mymodules	30	# build a binary "myapp" from mainprog and mymodules
30		31
…		…
38	file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all the modules you need, all	39	file that contains perl interpreter, libc, all the modules you need, all
39	the libraries you need and of course your actual program.	40	the libraries you need and of course your actual program.
40		41
41	With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary	42	With F<uClibc> and F<upx> on x86, you can create a single 500kb binary
42	that contains perl and 100 modules such as POSIX, AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO,	43	that contains perl and 100 modules such as POSIX, AnyEvent, EV, IO::AIO,
43	Coro and so on. Or any other choice of modules.	44	Coro and so on. Or any other choice of modules (and some other size :).
		45
		46	To see how this turns out, you can try out smallperl and bigperl, two
		47	pre-built static and compressed perl binaries with many and even more
		48	modules: just follow the links at L<http://staticperl.schmorp.de/>.
44		49
45	The created files do not need write access to the file system (like PAR	50	The created files do not need write access to the file system (like PAR
46	does). In fact, since this script is in many ways similar to PAR::Packer,	51	does). In fact, since this script is in many ways similar to PAR::Packer,
47	here are the differences:	52	here are the differences:
48		53
…		…
79	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct	84	With F<staticperl>, the burden is mostly with the developer - only direct
80	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.	85	compile-time dependencies and L<AutoLoader> are handled automatically.
81	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.	86	This means the modules to include often need to be tweaked manually.
82		87
83	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in	88	All this does not preclude more permissive modes to be implemented in
84	the future, but right now, you have to resolve state hidden dependencies	89	the future, but right now, you have to resolve hidden dependencies
85	manually.	90	manually.
86		91
87	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.	92	=item * PAR works out of the box, F<staticperl> does not.
88		93
89	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while	94	Maintaining your own custom perl build can be a pain in the ass, and while
…		…
118	often as necessary.	123	often as necessary.
119		124
120	=head1 THE F<STATICPERL> SCRIPT	125	=head1 THE F<STATICPERL> SCRIPT
121		126
122	This module installs a script called F<staticperl> into your perl	127	This module installs a script called F<staticperl> into your perl
123	binary directory. The script is fully self-contained, and can be used	128	binary directory. The script is fully self-contained, and can be
124	without perl (for example, in an uClibc chroot environment). In fact,	129	used without perl (for example, in an uClibc chroot environment). In
125	it can be extracted from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution tarball as	130	fact, it can be extracted from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution
126	F<bin/staticperl>, without any installation.	131	tarball as F<bin/staticperl>, without any installation. The
		132	newest (possibly alpha) version can also be downloaded from
		133	L<http://staticperl.schmorp.de/staticperl>.
127		134
128	F<staticperl> interprets the first argument as a command to execute,	135	F<staticperl> interprets the first argument as a command to execute,
129	optionally followed by any parameters.	136	optionally followed by any parameters.
130		137
131	There are two command categories: the "phase 1" commands which deal with	138	There are two command categories: the "phase 1" commands which deal with
…		…
133	with creating binaries and bundle files.	140	with creating binaries and bundle files.
134		141
135	=head2 PHASE 1 COMMANDS: INSTALLING PERL	142	=head2 PHASE 1 COMMANDS: INSTALLING PERL
136		143
137	The most important command is F<install>, which does basically	144	The most important command is F<install>, which does basically
138	everything. The default is to download and install perl 5.12.2 and a few	145	everything. The default is to download and install perl 5.12.3 and a few
139	modules required by F<staticperl> itself, but all this can (and should) be	146	modules required by F<staticperl> itself, but all this can (and should) be
140	changed - see L<CONFIGURATION>, below.	147	changed - see L<CONFIGURATION>, below.
141		148
142	The command	149	The command
143		150
144	staticperl install	151	staticperl install
145		152
146	Is normally all you need: It installs the perl interpreter in	153	is normally all you need: It installs the perl interpreter in
147	F<~/.staticperl/perl>. It downloads, configures, builds and installs the	154	F<~/.staticperl/perl>. It downloads, configures, builds and installs the
148	perl interpreter if required.	155	perl interpreter if required.
149		156
150	Most of the following commands simply run one or more steps of this	157	Most of the following F<staticperl> subcommands simply run one or more
151	sequence.	158	steps of this sequence.
		159
		160	If it fails, then most commonly because the compiler options I selected
		161	are not supported by your compiler - either edit the F<staticperl> script
		162	yourself or create F<~/.staticperl> shell script where your set working
		163	C<PERL_CCFLAGS> etc. variables.
152		164
153	To force recompilation or reinstallation, you need to run F<staticperl	165	To force recompilation or reinstallation, you need to run F<staticperl
154	distclean> first.	166	distclean> first.
155		167
156	=over 4	168	=over 4
157		169
		170	=item F<staticperl version>
		171
		172	Prints some info about the version of the F<staticperl> script you are using.
		173
158	=item F<staticperl fetch>	174	=item F<staticperl fetch>
159		175
160	Runs only the download and unpack phase, unless this has already happened.	176	Runs only the download and unpack phase, unless this has already happened.
161		177
162	=item F<staticperl configure>	178	=item F<staticperl configure>
…		…
170		186
171	=item F<staticperl install>	187	=item F<staticperl install>
172		188
173	Wipes the perl installation directory (usually F<~/.staticperl/perl>) and	189	Wipes the perl installation directory (usually F<~/.staticperl/perl>) and
174	installs the perl distribution, potentially after building it first.	190	installs the perl distribution, potentially after building it first.
		191
		192	=item F<staticperl perl> [args...]
		193
		194	Invokes the compiled perl interpreter with the given args. Basically the
		195	same as starting perl directly (usually via F<~/.staticperl/bin/perl>),
		196	but beats typing the path sometimes.
		197
		198	Example: check that the Gtk2 module is installed and loadable.
		199
		200	staticperl perl -MGtk2 -e0
175		201
176	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]	202	=item F<staticperl cpan> [args...]
177		203
178	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further	204	Starts an interactive CPAN shell that you can use to install further
179	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,	205	modules. Installs the perl first if necessary, but apart from that,
180	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via	206	no magic is involved: you could just as well run it manually via
181	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>.	207	F<~/.staticperl/perl/bin/cpan>, except that F<staticperl> additionally
		208	sets the environment variable C<$PERL> to the path of the perl
		209	interpreter, which is handy in subshells.
182		210
183	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.	211	Any additional arguments are simply passed to the F<cpan> command.
184		212
185	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...	213	=item F<staticperl instcpan> module...
186		214
…		…
199		227
200	=item F<staticperl clean>	228	=item F<staticperl clean>
201		229
202	Deletes the perl source directory (and potentially cleans up other	230	Deletes the perl source directory (and potentially cleans up other
203	intermediate files). This can be used to clean up files only needed for	231	intermediate files). This can be used to clean up files only needed for
204	building perl, without removing the installed perl interpreter, or to	232	building perl, without removing the installed perl interpreter.
205	force a re-build from scratch.
206		233
207	At the moment, it doesn't delete downloaded tarballs.	234	At the moment, it doesn't delete downloaded tarballs.
		235
		236	The exact semantics of this command will probably change.
208		237
209	=item F<staticperl distclean>	238	=item F<staticperl distclean>
210		239
211	This wipes your complete F<~/.staticperl> directory. Be careful with this,	240	This wipes your complete F<~/.staticperl> directory. Be careful with this,
212	it nukes your perl download, perl sources, perl distribution and any	241	it nukes your perl download, perl sources, perl distribution and any
…		…
236		265
237	# first make sure we have perl and the required modules	266	# first make sure we have perl and the required modules
238	staticperl instcpan AnyEvent::HTTPD	267	staticperl instcpan AnyEvent::HTTPD
239		268
240	# now build the perl	269	# now build the perl
241	staticperl mkperl -M'"Config_heavy.pl"' -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl \	270	staticperl mkperl -MConfig_heavy.pl -MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl \
242	-MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI::http \	271	-MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI::http \
243	--add 'eg/httpd httpd.pm'	272	--add 'eg/httpd httpd.pm'
244		273
245	# finally, invoke it	274	# finally, invoke it
246	./perl -Mhttpd	275	./perl -Mhttpd
…		…
262	-MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI::http	291	-MAnyEvent::Impl::Perl -MAnyEvent::HTTPD -MURI::http
263		292
264	# run it	293	# run it
265	./app	294	./app
266		295
		296	Here are the three phase 2 commands:
		297
		298	=over 4
		299
		300	=item F<staticperl mkbundle> args...
		301
		302	The "default" bundle command - it interprets the given bundle options and
		303	writes out F<bundle.h>, F<bundle.c>, F<bundle.ccopts> and F<bundle.ldopts>
		304	files, useful for embedding.
		305
		306	=item F<staticperl mkperl> args...
		307
		308	Creates a bundle just like F<staticperl mkbundle> (in fact, it's the same
		309	as invoking F<staticperl mkbundle --perl> args...), but then compiles and
		310	links a new perl interpreter that embeds the created bundle, then deletes
		311	all intermediate files.
		312
		313	=item F<staticperl mkapp> filename args...
		314
		315	Does the same as F<staticperl mkbundle> (in fact, it's the same as
		316	invoking F<staticperl mkbundle --app> filename args...), but then compiles
		317	and links a new standalone application that simply initialises the perl
		318	interpreter.
		319
		320	The difference to F<staticperl mkperl> is that the standalone application
		321	does not act like a perl interpreter would - in fact, by default it would
		322	just do nothing and exit immediately, so you should specify some code to
		323	be executed via the F<--boot> option.
		324
		325	=back
		326
267	=head3 OPTION PROCESSING	327	=head3 OPTION PROCESSING
268		328
269	All options can be given as arguments on the command line (typically	329	All options can be given as arguments on the command line (typically
270	using long (e.g. C<--verbose>) or short option (e.g. C<-v>) style). Since	330	using long (e.g. C<--verbose>) or short option (e.g. C<-v>) style). Since
271	specifying a lot of modules can make the command line very cumbersome,	331	specifying a lot of options can make the command line very long and
272	you can put all long options into a "bundle specification file" (with or	332	unwieldy, you can put all long options into a "bundle specification file"
273	without C<--> prefix) and specify this bundle file instead.	333	(one option per line, with or without C<--> prefix) and specify this
		334	bundle file instead.
274		335
275	For example, the command given earlier could also look like this:	336	For example, the command given earlier to link a new F<perl> could also
		337	look like this:
276		338
277	staticperl mkperl httpd.bundle	339	staticperl mkperl httpd.bundle
278		340
279	And all options could be in F<httpd.bundle>:	341	With all options stored in the F<httpd.bundle> file (one option per line,
280		342	everything after the option is an argument):
		343
281	use "Config_heavy.pl"	344	use "Config_heavy.pl"
282	use AnyEvent::Impl::Perl	345	use AnyEvent::Impl::Perl
283	use AnyEvent::HTTPD	346	use AnyEvent::HTTPD
284	use URI::http	347	use URI::http
285	add eg/httpd httpd.pm	348	add eg/httpd httpd.pm
286		349
287	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the	350	All options that specify modules or files to be added are processed in the
288	order given on the command line (that affects the C<--use> and C<--eval>	351	order given on the command line.
289	options at the moment).
290		352
291	=head3 PACKAGE SELECTION WORKFLOW	353	=head3 BUNDLE CREATION WORKFLOW / STATICPERL MKBUNDLE OPTIONS
292		354
293	F<staticperl mkbundle> has a number of options to control package	355	F<staticperl mkbundle> works by first assembling a list of candidate
294	selection. This section describes how they interact with each other. Also,	356	files and modules to include, then filtering them by include/exclude
295	since I am still a newbie w.r.t. these issues, maybe future versions of	357	patterns. The remaining modules (together with their direct dependencies,
296	F<staticperl> will change this, so watch out :)	358	such as link libraries and L<AutoLoader> files) are then converted into
		359	bundle files suitable for embedding. F<staticperl mkbundle> can then
		360	optionally build a new perl interpreter or a standalone application.
297		361
298	The idiom "in order" means "in order that they are specified on the
299	commandline". If you use a bundle specification file, then the options
300	will be processed as if they were given in place of the bundle file name.
301
302	=over 4	362	=over 4
303		363
304	=item 1. apply all C<--use>, C<--eval>, C<--add>, C<--addbin> and	364	=item Step 0: Generic argument processing.
305	C<--incglob> options, in order.
306		365
307	In addition, C<--use> and C<--eval> dependencies will be added when the	366	The following options influence F<staticperl mkbundle> itself.
308	options are processed.
309		367
310	=item 2. apply all C<--include> and C<--exclude> options, in order.
311
312	All this step does is potentially reduce the number of files already
313	selected or found in phase 1.
314
315	=item 3. find all modules (== F<.pm> files), gather their static archives
316	(F<.a>) and AutoLoader splitfiles (F<.ix> and F<.al> files) and find any
317	extra libraries they need for linking (F<extralibs.ld>).
318
319	This step is required to link against XS extensions and also adds files
320	required for L<AutoLoader> to do it's job.
321
322	=back
323
324	After this, all the files selected for bundling will be read and processed
325	(stripped), the bundle files will be written, and optionally a new F<perl>
326	or application binary will be linked.
327
328	=head3 MKBUNDLE OPTIONS
329
330	=over 4	368	=over 4
331		369
332	=item --verbose | -v	370	=item C<--verbose> | C<-v>
333		371
334	Increases the verbosity level by one (the default is C<1>).	372	Increases the verbosity level by one (the default is C<1>).
335		373
336	=item --quiet | -q	374	=item C<--quiet> | C<-q>
337		375
338	Decreases the verbosity level by one.	376	Decreases the verbosity level by one.
339		377
		378	=item any other argument
		379
		380	Any other argument is interpreted as a bundle specification file, which
		381	supports all options (without extra quoting), one option per line, in the
		382	format C<option> or C<option argument>. They will effectively be expanded
		383	and processed as if they were directly written on the command line, in
		384	place of the file name.
		385
		386	=back
		387
		388	=item Step 1: gather candidate files and modules
		389
		390	In this step, modules, perl libraries (F<.pl> files) and other files are
		391	selected for inclusion in the bundle. The relevant options are executed
		392	in order (this makes a difference mostly for C<--eval>, which can rely on
		393	earlier C<--use> options to have been executed).
		394
		395	=over 4
		396
		397	=item C<--use> F<module> | C<-M>F<module>
		398
		399	Include the named module or perl library and trace direct
		400	dependencies. This is done by loading the module in a subprocess and
		401	tracing which other modules and files it actually loads.
		402
		403	Example: include AnyEvent and AnyEvent::Impl::Perl.
		404
		405	staticperl mkbundle --use AnyEvent --use AnyEvent::Impl::Perl
		406
		407	Sometimes you want to load old-style "perl libraries" (F<.pl> files), or
		408	maybe other weirdly named files. To support this, the C<--use> option
		409	actually tries to do what you mean, depending on the string you specify:
		410
		411	=over 4
		412
		413	=item a possibly valid module name, e.g. F<common::sense>, F<Carp>,
		414	F<Coro::Mysql>.
		415
		416	If the string contains no quotes, no F</> and no F<.>, then C<--use>
		417	assumes that it is a normal module name. It will create a new package and
		418	evaluate a C<use module> in it, i.e. it will load the package and do a
		419	default import.
		420
		421	The import step is done because many modules trigger more dependencies
		422	when something is imported than without.
		423
		424	=item anything that contains F</> or F<.> characters,
		425	e.g. F<utf8_heavy.pl>, F<Module/private/data.pl>.
		426
		427	The string will be quoted and passed to require, as if you used C<require
		428	$module>. Nothing will be imported.
		429
		430	=item "path" or 'path', e.g. C<"utf8_heavy.pl">.
		431
		432	If you enclose the name into single or double quotes, then the quotes will
		433	be removed and the resulting string will be passed to require. This syntax
		434	is form compatibility with older versions of staticperl and should not be
		435	used anymore.
		436
		437	=back
		438
		439	Example: C<use> AnyEvent::Socket, once using C<use> (importing the
		440	symbols), and once via C<require>, not importing any symbols. The first
		441	form is preferred as many modules load some extra dependencies when asked
		442	to export symbols.
		443
		444	staticperl mkbundle -MAnyEvent::Socket # use + import
		445	staticperl mkbundle -MAnyEvent/Socket.pm # require only
		446
		447	Example: include the required files for F<perl -V> to work in all its
		448	glory (F<Config.pm> is included automatically by the dependency tracker).
		449
		450	# shell command
		451	staticperl mkbundle -MConfig_heavy.pl
		452
		453	# bundle specification file
		454	use Config_heavy.pl
		455
		456	The C<-M>module syntax is included as a convenience that might be easier
		457	to remember than C<--use> - it's the same switch as perl itself uses
		458	to load modules. Or maybe it confuses people. Time will tell. Or maybe
		459	not. Sigh.
		460
		461	=item C<--eval> "perl code" | C<-e> "perl code"
		462
		463	Sometimes it is easier (or necessary) to specify dependencies using perl
		464	code, or maybe one of the modules you use need a special use statement. In
		465	that case, you can use C<--eval> to execute some perl snippet or set some
		466	variables or whatever you need. All files C<require>'d or C<use>'d while
		467	executing the snippet are included in the final bundle.
		468
		469	Keep in mind that F<mkbundle> will not import any symbols from the modules
		470	named by the C<--use> option, so do not expect the symbols from modules
		471	you C<--use>'d earlier on the command line to be available.
		472
		473	Example: force L<AnyEvent> to detect a backend and therefore include it
		474	in the final bundle.
		475
		476	staticperl mkbundle --eval 'use AnyEvent; AnyEvent::detect'
		477
		478	# or like this
		479	staticperl mkbundle -MAnyEvent --eval 'AnyEvent::detect'
		480
		481	Example: use a separate "bootstrap" script that C<use>'s lots of modules
		482	and also include this in the final bundle, to be executed automatically
		483	when the interpreter is initialised.
		484
		485	staticperl mkbundle --eval 'do "bootstrap"' --boot bootstrap
		486
		487	=item C<--boot> F<filename>
		488
		489	Include the given file in the bundle and arrange for it to be
		490	executed (using C<require>) before the main program when the new perl
		491	is initialised. This can be used to modify C<@INC> or do similar
		492	modifications before the perl interpreter executes scripts given on the
		493	command line (or via C<-e>). This works even in an embedded interpreter -
		494	the file will be executed during interpreter initialisation in that case.
		495
		496	=item C<--incglob> pattern
		497
		498	This goes through all standard library directories and tries to match any
		499	F<.pm> and F<.pl> files against the extended glob pattern (see below). If
		500	a file matches, it is added. The pattern is matched against the full path
		501	of the file (sans the library directory prefix), e.g. F<Sys/Syslog.pm>.
		502
		503	This is very useful to include "everything":
		504
		505	--incglob '*'
		506
		507	It is also useful for including perl libraries, or trees of those, such as
		508	the unicode database files needed by some perl built-ins, the regex engine
		509	and other modules.
		510
		511	--incglob '/unicore/**.pl'
		512
		513	=item C<--add> F<file> | C<--add> "F<file> alias"
		514
		515	Adds the given (perl) file into the bundle (and optionally call it
		516	"alias"). The F<file> is either an absolute path or a path relative to the
		517	current directory. If an alias is specified, then this is the name it will
		518	use for C<@INC> searches, otherwise the path F<file> will be used as the
		519	internal name.
		520
		521	This switch is used to include extra files into the bundle.
		522
		523	Example: embed the file F<httpd> in the current directory as F<httpd.pm>
		524	when creating the bundle.
		525
		526	staticperl mkperl --add "httpd httpd.pm"
		527
		528	# can be accessed via "use httpd"
		529
		530	Example: add a file F<initcode> from the current directory.
		531
		532	staticperl mkperl --add 'initcode &initcode'
		533
		534	# can be accessed via "do '&initcode'"
		535
		536	Example: add local files as extra modules in the bundle.
		537
		538	# specification file
		539	add file1 myfiles/file1.pm
		540	add file2 myfiles/file2.pm
		541	add file3 myfiles/file3.pl
		542
		543	# then later, in perl, use
		544	use myfiles::file1;
		545	require myfiles::file2;
		546	my $res = do "myfiles/file3.pl";
		547
		548	=item C<--addbin> F<file> | C<--addbin> "F<file> alias"
		549
		550	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it
		551	without any postprocessing (perl files might get stripped to reduce their
		552	size).
		553
		554	If you specify an alias you should probably add a C</> prefix to avoid
		555	clashing with embedded perl files (whose paths never start with C</>),
		556	and/or use a special directory prefix, such as C</res/name>.
		557
		558	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<static::find
		559	"alias">.
		560
		561	An alternative way to embed binary files is to convert them to perl and
		562	use C<do> to get the contents - this method is a bit cumbersome, but works
		563	both inside and outside of a staticperl bundle, without extra ado:
		564
		565	# a "binary" file, call it "bindata.pl"
		566	<<'SOME_MARKER'
		567	binary data NOT containing SOME_MARKER
		568	SOME_MARKER
		569
		570	# load the binary
		571	chomp (my $data = do "bindata.pl");
		572
		573	=item C<--allow-dynamic>
		574
		575	By default, when F<mkbundle> hits a dynamic perl extension (e.g. a F<.so>
		576	or F<.dll> file), it will stop with a fatal error.
		577
		578	When this option is enabled, F<mkbundle> packages the shared
		579	object into the bundle instead, with a prefix of F<!>
		580	(e.g. F<!auto/List/Util/Util.so>). What you do with that is currently up
		581	to you, F<staticperl> has no special support for this at the moment, apart
		582	from working around the lack of availability of F<PerlIO::scalar> while
		583	bootstrapping, at a speed cost.
		584
		585	One way to deal with this is to write all files starting with F<!> into
		586	some directory and then C<unshift> that path onto C<@INC>.
		587
		588	#TODO: example
		589
		590	=back
		591
		592	=item Step 2: filter all files using C<--include> and C<--exclude> options.
		593
		594	After all candidate files and modules are added, they are I<filtered>
		595	by a combination of C<--include> and C<--exclude> patterns (there is an
		596	implicit C<--include *> at the end, so if no filters are specified, all
		597	files are included).
		598
		599	All that this step does is potentially reduce the number of files that are
		600	to be included - no new files are added during this step.
		601
		602	=over 4
		603
		604	=item C<--include> pattern | C<-i> pattern | C<--exclude> pattern | C<-x> pattern
		605
		606	These specify an include or exclude pattern to be applied to the candidate
		607	file list. An include makes sure that the given files will be part of the
		608	resulting file set, an exclude will exclude remaining files. The patterns
		609	are "extended glob patterns" (see below).
		610
		611	The patterns are applied "in order" - files included via earlier
		612	C<--include> specifications cannot be removed by any following
		613	C<--exclude>, and likewise, and file excluded by an earlier C<--exclude>
		614	cannot be added by any following C<--include>.
		615
		616	For example, to include everything except C<Devel> modules, but still
		617	include F<Devel::PPPort>, you could use this:
		618
		619	--incglob '*' -i '/Devel/PPPort.pm' -x '/Devel/**'
		620
		621	=back
		622
		623	=item Step 3: add any extra or "hidden" dependencies.
		624
		625	F<staticperl> currently knows about three extra types of depdendencies
		626	that are added automatically. Only one (F<.packlist> files) is currently
		627	optional and can be influenced, the others are always included:
		628
		629	=over 4
		630
		631	=item C<--usepacklists>
		632
		633	Read F<.packlist> files for each distribution that happens to match a
		634	module name you specified. Sounds weird, and it is, so expect semantics to
		635	change somehow in the future.
		636
		637	The idea is that most CPAN distributions have a F<.pm> file that matches
		638	the name of the distribution (which is rather reasonable after all).
		639
		640	If this switch is enabled, then if any of the F<.pm> files that have been
		641	selected match an install distribution, then all F<.pm>, F<.pl>, F<.al>
		642	and F<.ix> files installed by this distribution are also included.
		643
		644	For example, using this switch, when the L<URI> module is specified, then
		645	all L<URI> submodules that have been installed via the CPAN distribution
		646	are included as well, so you don't have to manually specify them.
		647
		648	=item L<AutoLoader> splitfiles
		649
		650	Some modules use L<AutoLoader> - less commonly (hopefully) used functions
		651	are split into separate F<.al> files, and an index (F<.ix>) file contains
		652	the prototypes.
		653
		654	Both F<.ix> and F<.al> files will be detected automatically and added to
		655	the bundle.
		656
		657	=item link libraries (F<.a> files)
		658
		659	Modules using XS (or any other non-perl language extension compiled at
		660	installation time) will have a static archive (typically F<.a>). These
		661	will automatically be added to the linker options in F<bundle.ldopts>.
		662
		663	Should F<staticperl> find a dynamic link library (typically F<.so>) it
		664	will warn about it - obviously this shouldn't happen unless you use
		665	F<staticperl> on the wrong perl, or one (probably wrongly) configured to
		666	use dynamic loading.
		667
		668	=item extra libraries (F<extralibs.ld>)
		669
		670	Some modules need linking against external libraries - these are found in
		671	F<extralibs.ld> and added to F<bundle.ldopts>.
		672
		673	=back
		674
		675	=item Step 4: write bundle files and optionally link a program
		676
		677	At this point, the select files will be read, processed (stripped) and
		678	finally the bundle files get written to disk, and F<staticperl mkbundle>
		679	is normally finished. Optionally, it can go a step further and either link
		680	a new F<perl> binary with all selected modules and files inside, or build
		681	a standalone application.
		682
		683	Both the contents of the bundle files and any extra linking is controlled
		684	by these options:
		685
		686	=over 4
		687
340	=item --strip none|pod|ppi	688	=item C<--strip> C<none>|C<pod>|C<ppi>
341		689
342	Specify the stripping method applied to reduce the file of the perl	690	Specify the stripping method applied to reduce the file of the perl
343	sources included.	691	sources included.
344		692
345	The default is C<pod>, which uses the L<Pod::Strip> module to remove all	693	The default is C<pod>, which uses the L<Pod::Strip> module to remove all
…		…
356	Last not least, if you need accurate line numbers in error messages,	704	Last not least, if you need accurate line numbers in error messages,
357	or in the unlikely case where C<pod> is too slow, or some module gets	705	or in the unlikely case where C<pod> is too slow, or some module gets
358	mistreated, you can specify C<none> to not mangle included perl sources in	706	mistreated, you can specify C<none> to not mangle included perl sources in
359	any way.	707	any way.
360		708
		709	=item C<--compress> C<none>|C<lzf>
		710
		711	Compress each included library file with C<lzf> (default), or do not
		712	compress (C<none>). LZF compression typically halves the size of the
		713	included library data at almost no overhead, but is counterproductive if
		714	you are using another compression solution such as C<UPX>, so it cna be
		715	disabled.
		716
361	=item --perl	717	=item C<--perl>
362		718
363	After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new perl interpreter. It	719	After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new perl interpreter. It
364	will be called F<perl> and will be left in the current working	720	will be called F<perl> and will be left in the current working
365	directory. The bundle files will be removed.	721	directory. The bundle files will be removed.
366		722
367	This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the	723	This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the
368	C<mkperl> command (instead of C<mkbundle>):	724	C<mkperl> command instead of C<mkbundle>.
369		725
370	# build a new ./perl with only common::sense in it - very small :)	726	Example: build a new F<./perl> binary with only L<common::sense> inside -
		727	it will be even smaller than the standard perl interpreter as none of the
		728	modules of the base distribution (such as L<Fcntl>) will be included.
		729
371	staticperl mkperl -Mcommon::sense	730	staticperl mkperl -Mcommon::sense
372		731
373	=item --app name	732	=item C<--app> F<name>
374		733
375	After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new standalone	734	After writing out the bundle files, try to link a new standalone
376	program. It will be called C<name>, and the bundle files get removed after	735	program. It will be called C<name>, and the bundle files get removed after
377	linking it.	736	linking it.
		737
		738	This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the
		739	C<mkapp> command instead of C<mkbundle>.
378		740
379	The difference to the (mutually exclusive) C<--perl> option is that the	741	The difference to the (mutually exclusive) C<--perl> option is that the
380	binary created by this option will not try to act as a perl interpreter -	742	binary created by this option will not try to act as a perl interpreter -
381	instead it will simply initialise the perl interpreter, clean it up and	743	instead it will simply initialise the perl interpreter, clean it up and
382	exit.	744	exit.
383		745
384	This switch is automatically used when F<staticperl> is invoked with the	746	This means that, by default, it will do nothing but burn a few CPU cycles
385	C<mkapp> command (instead of C<mkbundle>):
386
387	To let it do something useful you I<must> add some boot code, e.g. with	747	- for it to do something useful you I<must> add some boot code, e.g. with
388	the C<--boot> option.	748	the C<--boot> option.
389		749
390	Example: create a standalone perl binary that will execute F<appfile> when	750	Example: create a standalone perl binary called F<./myexe> that will
391	it is started.	751	execute F<appfile> when it is started.
392		752
393	staticperl mkbundle --app myexe --boot appfile	753	staticperl mkbundle --app myexe --boot appfile
394		754
395	=item --use module | -Mmodule	755	=item C<--ignore-env>
396		756
397	Include the named module and all direct dependencies. This is done by	757	Generates extra code to unset some environment variables before
398	C<require>'ing the module in a subprocess and tracing which other modules	758	initialising/running perl. Perl supports a lot of environment variables
399	and files it actually loads. If the module uses L<AutoLoader>, then all	759	that might alter execution in ways that might be undesirablre for
400	splitfiles will be included as well.	760	standalone applications, and this option removes those known to cause
		761	trouble.
401		762
402	Example: include AnyEvent and AnyEvent::Impl::Perl.	763	Specifically, these are removed:
403		764
404	staticperl mkbundle --use AnyEvent --use AnyEvent::Impl::Perl	765	C<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG> and C<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS> can cause undesirable
		766	output, C<PERL5OPT>, C<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, C<PERL_HASH_SEED> and
		767	C<PERL_SIGNALS> can alter execution significantly, and C<PERL_UNICODE>,
		768	C<PERLIO_DEBUG> and C<PERLIO> can affect input and output.
405		769
406	Sometimes you want to load old-style "perl libraries" (F<.pl> files), or	770	The variables C<PERL_LIB> and C<PERL5_LIB> are always ignored because the
407	maybe other weirdly named files. To do that, you need to quote the name in	771	startup code used by F<staticperl> overrides C<@INC> in all cases.
408	single or double quotes. When given on the command line, you probably need
409	to quote once more to avoid your shell interpreting it. Common cases that
410	need this are F<Config_heavy.pl> and F<utf8_heavy.pl>.
411		772
412	Example: include the required files for F<perl -V> to work in all its	773	This option will not make your program more secure (unless you are
413	glory (F<Config.pm> is included automatically by this).	774	running with elevated privileges), but it will reduce the surprise effect
		775	when a user has these environment variables set and doesn't expect your
		776	standalone program to act like a perl interpreter.
414		777
415	# bourne shell
416	staticperl mkbundle --use '"Config_heavy.pl"'
417
418	# bundle specification file
419	use "Config_heavy.pl"
420
421	The C<-Mmodule> syntax is included as an alias that might be easier to
422	remember than C<use>. Or maybe it confuses people. Time will tell. Or
423	maybe not. Argh.
424
425	=item --eval "perl code" | -e "perl code"
426
427	Sometimes it is easier (or necessary) to specify dependencies using perl
428	code, or maybe one of the modules you use need a special use statement. In
429	that case, you can use C<eval> to execute some perl snippet or set some
430	variables or whatever you need. All files C<require>'d or C<use>'d in the
431	script are included in the final bundle.
432
433	Keep in mind that F<mkbundle> will only C<require> the modules named
434	by the C<--use> option, so do not expect the symbols from modules you
435	C<--use>'d earlier on the command line to be available.
436
437	Example: force L<AnyEvent> to detect a backend and therefore include it
438	in the final bundle.
439
440	staticperl mkbundle --eval 'use AnyEvent; AnyEvent::detect'
441
442	# or like this
443	staticperl mkbundle -MAnyEvent --eval 'use AnyEvent; AnyEvent::detect'
444
445	Example: use a separate "bootstrap" script that C<use>'s lots of modules
446	and include this in the final bundle, to be executed automatically.
447
448	staticperl mkbundle --eval 'do "bootstrap"' --boot bootstrap
449
450	=item --boot filename
451
452	Include the given file in the bundle and arrange for it to be executed
453	(using a C<require>) before anything else when the new perl is
454	initialised. This can be used to modify C<@INC> or anything else before
455	the perl interpreter executes scripts given on the command line (or via
456	C<-e>). This works even in an embedded interpreter.
457
458	=item --incglob pattern
459
460	This goes through all library directories and tries to match any F<.pm>
461	and F<.pl> files against the extended glob pattern (see below). If a file
462	matches, it is added. This switch will automatically detect L<AutoLoader>
463	files and the required link libraries for XS modules, but it will I<not>
464	scan the file for dependencies (at the moment).
465
466	This is mainly useful to include "everything":
467
468	--incglob '*'
469
470	Or to include perl libraries, or trees of those, such as the unicode
471	database files needed by many other modules:
472
473	--incglob '/unicore/**.pl'
474
475	=item --add file | --add "file alias"
476
477	Adds the given (perl) file into the bundle (and optionally call it
478	"alias"). This is useful to include any custom files into the bundle.
479
480	Example: embed the file F<httpd> as F<httpd.pm> when creating the bundle.
481
482	staticperl mkperl --add "httpd httpd.pm"
483
484	It is also a great way to add any custom modules:
485
486	# specification file
487	add file1 myfiles/file1
488	add file2 myfiles/file2
489	add file3 myfiles/file3
490
491	=item --binadd file | --add "file alias"
492
493	Just like C<--add>, except that it treats the file as binary and adds it
494	without any processing.
495
496	You should probably add a C</> prefix to avoid clashing with embedded
497	perl files (whose paths do not start with C</>), and/or use a special
498	directory, such as C</res/name>.
499
500	You can later get a copy of these files by calling C<staticperl::find
501	"alias">.
502
503	=item --include pattern | -i pattern | --exclude pattern | -x pattern
504
505	These two options define an include/exclude filter that is used after all
506	files selected by the other options have been found. Each include/exclude
507	is applied to all files found so far - an include makes sure that the
508	given files will be part of the resulting file set, an exclude will
509	exclude files. The patterns are "extended glob patterns" (see below).
510
511	For example, to include everything, except C<Devel> modules, but still
512	include F<Devel::PPPort>, you could use this:
513
514	--incglob '*' -i '/Devel/PPPort.pm' -x '/Devel/**'
515
516	=item --static	778	=item C<--static>
517		779
518	When C<--perl> is also given, link statically instead of dynamically. The	780	Add C<-static> to F<bundle.ldopts>, which means a fully static (if
		781	supported by the OS) executable will be created. This is not immensely
		782	useful when just creating the bundle files, but is most useful when
		783	linking a binary with the C<--perl> or C<--app> options.
		784
519	default is to link the new perl interpreter fully dynamic (that means all	785	The default is to link the new binary dynamically (that means all perl
520	perl modules are linked statically, but all external libraries are still	786	modules are linked statically, but all external libraries are still
521	referenced dynamically).	787	referenced dynamically).
522		788
523	Keep in mind that Solaris doesn't support static linking at all, and	789	Keep in mind that Solaris doesn't support static linking at all, and
524	systems based on GNU libc don't really support it in a usable fashion	790	systems based on GNU libc don't really support it in a very usable
525	either. Try uClibc if you want to create fully statically linked	791	fashion either. Try uClibc if you want to create fully statically linked
526	executables, or try the C<--staticlibs> option to link only some libraries	792	executables, or try the C<--staticlib> option to link only some libraries
527	statically.	793	statically.
528		794
529	=item --staticlib libname	795	=item C<--staticlib> libname
530		796
531	When not linking fully statically, this option allows you to link specific	797	When not linking fully statically, this option allows you to link specific
532	libraries statically. What it does is simply replace all occurances of	798	libraries statically. What it does is simply replace all occurrences of
533	C<-llibname> with the GCC-specific C<-Wl,-Bstatic -llibname -Wl,-Bdynamic>	799	C<-llibname> with the GCC-specific C<-Wl,-Bstatic -llibname -Wl,-Bdynamic>
534	option.	800	option.
535		801
536	This will have no effect unless the library is actually linked against,	802	This will have no effect unless the library is actually linked against,
537	specifically, C<--staticlib> will not link against the named library	803	specifically, C<--staticlib> will not link against the named library
538	unless it would be linked against anyway.	804	unless it would be linked against anyway.
539		805
540	Example: link libcrypt statically into the binary.	806	Example: link libcrypt statically into the final binary.
541		807
542	staticperl mkperl -MIO::AIO --staticlib crypt	808	staticperl mkperl -MIO::AIO --staticlib crypt
543		809
544	# ldopts might nwo contain:	810	# ldopts might now contain:
545	# -lm -Wl,-Bstatic -lcrypt -Wl,-Bdynamic -lpthread	811	# -lm -Wl,-Bstatic -lcrypt -Wl,-Bdynamic -lpthread
546		812
547	=item any other argument	813	=item C<--extra-cflags> string
548		814
549	Any other argument is interpreted as a bundle specification file, which	815	Specifies extra compiler flags, used when compiling the bundle file. The
550	supports most long options (without extra quoting), one option per line.	816	flags are appended to all the existing flags, so can be sued to override
		817	settings.
		818
		819	=item C<--extra-ldflags> string
		820
		821	Specifies extra linker flags, used when linking the bundle.
		822
		823	=item C<--extra-libs> string
		824
		825	Extra linker flags, appended at the end when linking. The difference to
		826	C<--extra-ldflags> is that the ldflags are appended to the flags, before
		827	the objects and libraries, and the extra libs are added at the end.
		828
		829	=back
551		830
552	=back	831	=back
553		832
554	=head3 EXTENDED GLOB PATTERNS	833	=head3 EXTENDED GLOB PATTERNS
555		834
…		…
569	=item Patterns not starting with F</> will be anchored at the end of the path.	848	=item Patterns not starting with F</> will be anchored at the end of the path.
570		849
571	That is, F<idna.pl> will match any file called F<idna.pl> anywhere in the	850	That is, F<idna.pl> will match any file called F<idna.pl> anywhere in the
572	hierarchy, but not any directories of the same name.	851	hierarchy, but not any directories of the same name.
573		852
574	=item A F<*> matches any single component.	853	=item A F<*> matches anything within a single path component.
575		854
576	That is, F</unicore/*.pl> would match all F<.pl> files directly inside	855	That is, F</unicore/*.pl> would match all F<.pl> files directly inside
577	C</unicore>, not any deeper level F<.pl> files. Or in other words, F<*>	856	C</unicore>, not any deeper level F<.pl> files. Or in other words, F<*>
578	will not match slashes.	857	will not match slashes.
579		858
…		…
589		868
590	=back	869	=back
591		870
592	=head2 F<STATICPERL> CONFIGURATION AND HOOKS	871	=head2 F<STATICPERL> CONFIGURATION AND HOOKS
593		872
594	During (each) startup, F<staticperl> tries to source the following shell	873	During (each) startup, F<staticperl> tries to source some shell files to
		874	allow you to fine-tune/override configuration settings.
		875
		876	In them you can override shell variables, or define shell functions
		877	("hooks") to be called at specific phases during installation. For
		878	example, you could define a C<postinstall> hook to install additional
		879	modules from CPAN each time you start from scratch.
		880
		881	If the env variable C<$STATICPERLRC> is set, then F<staticperl> will try
		882	to source the file named with it only. Otherwise, it tries the following
595	files in order:	883	shell files in order:
596		884
597	/etc/staticperlrc	885	/etc/staticperlrc
598	~/.staticperlrc	886	~/.staticperlrc
599	$STATICPERL/rc	887	$STATICPERL/rc
600		888
601	They can be used to override shell variables, or define functions to be
602	called at specific phases.
603
604	Note that the last file is erased during F<staticperl distclean>, so	889	Note that the last file is erased during F<staticperl distclean>, so
605	generally should not be used.	890	generally should not be used.
606		891
607	=head3 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES	892	=head3 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
608		893
…		…
640	=item C<STATICPERL>	925	=item C<STATICPERL>
641		926
642	The directory where staticperl stores all its files	927	The directory where staticperl stores all its files
643	(default: F<~/.staticperl>).	928	(default: F<~/.staticperl>).
644		929
		930	=item C<DLCACHE>
		931
		932	The path to a directory (will be created if it doesn't exist) where
		933	downloaded perl sources are being cached, to avoid downloading them
		934	again. The default is empty, which means there is no cache.
		935
		936	=item C<PERL_VERSION>
		937
		938	The perl version to install - C<5.12.5> is a good choice for small builds,
		939	but C<5.8.9> is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.5), if
		940	it builds on your system.
		941
		942	You can also set this variable to the absolute URL of a tarball (F<.tar>,
		943	F<.tar.gz>, F<.tar.bz2>, F<.tar.lzma> or F<.tar.xz>), or to the absolute
		944	path of an unpacked perl source tree, which will be copied.
		945
		946	The default is currently
		947	F<http://stableperl.schmorp.de/dist/latest.tar.gz>, i.e. the latest
		948	stableperl release.
		949
645	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...	950	=item C<PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT>, C<EV_EXTRA_DEFS>, ...
646		951
647	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their	952	Usually set to C<1> to make modules "less inquisitive" during their
648	installation, you can set any environment variable you want - some modules	953	installation. You can set (and export!) any environment variable you want
649	(such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for further tweaking.	954	- some modules (such as L<Coro> or L<EV>) use environment variables for
650		955	further tweaking.
651	=item C<PERL_VERSION>
652
653	The perl version to install - default is currently C<5.12.2>, but C<5.8.9>
654	is also a good choice (5.8.9 is much smaller than 5.12.2, while 5.10.1 is
655	about as big as 5.12.2).
656		956
657	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>	957	=item C<PERL_PREFIX>
658		958
659	The prefix where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),	959	The directory where perl gets installed (default: F<$STATICPERL/perl>),
660	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up.	960	i.e. where the F<bin> and F<lib> subdirectories will end up. Previous
		961	contents will be removed on installation.
661		962
662	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>	963	=item C<PERL_CONFIGURE>
663		964
664	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl	965	Additional Configure options - these are simply passed to the perl
665	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,	966	Configure script. For example, if you wanted to enable dynamic loading,
…		…
669		970
670	More commonly, you would either activate 64 bit integer support	971	More commonly, you would either activate 64 bit integer support
671	(C<-Duse64bitint>), or disable large files support (-Uuselargefiles), to	972	(C<-Duse64bitint>), or disable large files support (-Uuselargefiles), to
672	reduce filesize further.	973	reduce filesize further.
673		974
674	=item C<PERL_CPPFLAGS>, C<PERL_OPTIMIZE>, C<PERL_LDFLAGS>, C<PERL_LIBS>	975	=item C<PERL_CC>, C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, C<PERL_OPTIMIZE>, C<PERL_LDFLAGS>, C<PERL_LIBS>
675		976
676	These flags are passed to perl's F<Configure> script, and are generally	977	These flags are passed to perl's F<Configure> script, and are generally
677	optimised for small size (at the cost of performance). Since they also	978	optimised for small size (at the cost of performance). Since they also
678	contain subtle workarounds around various build issues, changing these	979	contain subtle workarounds around various build issues, changing these
679	usually requires understanding their default values - best look at the top	980	usually requires understanding their default values - best look at
680	of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these.	981	the top of the F<staticperl> script for more info on these, and use a
		982	F<~/.staticperlrc> to override them.
		983
		984	Most of the variables override (or modify) the corresponding F<Configure>
		985	variable, except C<PERL_CCFLAGS>, which gets appended.
		986
		987	The default for C<PERL_OPTIMIZE> is C<-Os> (assuming gcc), and for
		988	C<PERL_LIBS> is C<-lm -lcrypt>, which should be good for most (but not
		989	all) systems.
		990
		991	For other compilers or more customised optimisation settings, you need to
		992	adjust these, e.g. in your F<~/.staticperlrc>.
		993
		994	With gcc on x86 and amd64, you can get more space-savings by using:
		995
		996	-Os -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -finline-limit=8 -mpush-args
		997	-mno-inline-stringops-dynamically -mno-align-stringops
		998
		999	And on x86 and pentium3 and newer (basically everything you might ever
		1000	want to run on), adding these is even better for space-savings (use
		1001	-mtune=core2 or something newer for much faster code, too):
		1002
		1003	-fomit-frame-pointer -march=pentium3 -mtune=i386
681		1004
682	=back	1005	=back
683		1006
684	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override	1007	=head4 Variables you probably I<do not want> to override
685		1008
686	=over 4	1009	=over 4
		1010
		1011	=item C<MAKE>
		1012
		1013	The make command to use - default is C<make>.
687		1014
688	=item C<MKBUNDLE>	1015	=item C<MKBUNDLE>
689		1016
690	Where F<staticperl> writes the C<mkbundle> command to	1017	Where F<staticperl> writes the C<mkbundle> command to
691	(default: F<$STATICPERL/mkbundle>).	1018	(default: F<$STATICPERL/mkbundle>).
…		…
700	=head3 OVERRIDABLE HOOKS	1027	=head3 OVERRIDABLE HOOKS
701		1028
702	In addition to environment variables, it is possible to provide some	1029	In addition to environment variables, it is possible to provide some
703	shell functions that are called at specific times. To provide your own	1030	shell functions that are called at specific times. To provide your own
704	commands, just define the corresponding function.	1031	commands, just define the corresponding function.
		1032
		1033	The actual order in which hooks are invoked during a full install
		1034	from scratch is C<preconfigure>, C<patchconfig>, C<postconfigure>,
		1035	C<postbuild>, C<postinstall>.
705		1036
706	Example: install extra modules from CPAN and from some directories	1037	Example: install extra modules from CPAN and from some directories
707	at F<staticperl install> time.	1038	at F<staticperl install> time.
708		1039
709	postinstall() {	1040	postinstall() {
…		…
716		1047
717	=over 4	1048	=over 4
718		1049
719	=item preconfigure	1050	=item preconfigure
720		1051
721	Called just before running F<./Configur> in the perl source	1052	Called just before running F<./Configure> in the perl source
722	directory. Current working directory is the perl source directory.	1053	directory. Current working directory is the perl source directory.
723		1054
724	This can be used to set any C<PERL_xxx> variables, which might be costly	1055	This can be used to set any C<PERL_xxx> variables, which might be costly
725	to compute.	1056	to compute.
726		1057
		1058	=item patchconfig
		1059
		1060	Called after running F<./Configure> in the perl source directory to create
		1061	F<./config.sh>, but before running F<./Configure -S> to actually apply the
		1062	config. Current working directory is the perl source directory.
		1063
		1064	Can be used to tailor/patch F<config.sh> or do any other modifications.
		1065
727	=item postconfigure	1066	=item postconfigure
728		1067
729	Called after configuring, but before building perl. Current working	1068	Called after configuring, but before building perl. Current working
730	directory is the perl source directory.	1069	directory is the perl source directory.
731		1070
732	Could be used to tailor/patch config.sh (followed by F<sh Configure -S>)
733	or do any other modifications.
734
735	=item postbuild	1071	=item postbuild
736		1072
737	Called after building, but before installing perl. Current working	1073	Called after building, but before installing perl. Current working
738	directory is the perl source directory.	1074	directory is the perl source directory.
739		1075
740	I have no clue what this could be used for - tell me.	1076	I have no clue what this could be used for - tell me.
		1077
		1078	=item postcpanconfig
		1079
		1080	Called just after CPAN has been configured, but before it has been used to
		1081	install anything. You can further change the configuration like this:
		1082
		1083	"$PERL_PREFIX"/bin/perl -MCPAN::MyConfig -MCPAN -e '
		1084	CPAN::Shell->o (conf => urllist => push => "'"$CPAN"'");
		1085	' || fatal "error while initialising CPAN in postcpanconfig"
741		1086
742	=item postinstall	1087	=item postinstall
743		1088
744	Called after perl and any extra modules have been installed in C<$PREFIX>,	1089	Called after perl and any extra modules have been installed in C<$PREFIX>,
745	but before setting the "installation O.K." flag.	1090	but before setting the "installation O.K." flag.
…		…
776	A header file that contains the prototypes of the few symbols "exported"	1121	A header file that contains the prototypes of the few symbols "exported"
777	by bundle.c, and also exposes the perl headers to the application.	1122	by bundle.c, and also exposes the perl headers to the application.
778		1123
779	=over 4	1124	=over 4
780		1125
781	=item staticperl_init ()	1126	=item staticperl_init (xs_init = 0)
782		1127
783	Initialises the perl interpreter. You can use the normal perl functions	1128	Initialises the perl interpreter. You can use the normal perl functions
784	after calling this function, for example, to define extra functions or	1129	after calling this function, for example, to define extra functions or
785	to load a .pm file that contains some initialisation code, or the main	1130	to load a .pm file that contains some initialisation code, or the main
786	program function:	1131	program function:
…		…
793	}	1138	}
794		1139
795	static void	1140	static void
796	run_myapp(void)	1141	run_myapp(void)
797	{	1142	{
798	staticperl_init ();	1143	staticperl_init (0);
799	newXSproto ("myapp::xsfunction", xsfunction, __FILE__, "$$;$");	1144	newXSproto ("myapp::xsfunction", xsfunction, __FILE__, "$$;$");
800	eval_pv ("require myapp::main", 1); // executes "myapp/main.pm"	1145	eval_pv ("require myapp::main", 1); // executes "myapp/main.pm"
801	}	1146	}
802		1147
		1148	When your bootcode already wants to access some XS functions at
		1149	compiletime, then you need to supply an C<xs_init> function pointer that
		1150	is called as soon as perl is initialised enough to define XS functions,
		1151	but before the preamble code is executed:
		1152
		1153	static void
		1154	xs_init (pTHX)
		1155	{
		1156	newXSproto ("myapp::xsfunction", xsfunction, __FILE__, "$$;$");
		1157	}
		1158
		1159	static void
		1160	run_myapp(void)
		1161	{
		1162	staticperl_init (xs_init);
		1163	}
		1164
		1165	=item staticperl_cleanup ()
		1166
		1167	In the unlikely case that you want to destroy the perl interpreter, here
		1168	is the corresponding function.
		1169
803	=item staticperl_xs_init (pTHX)	1170	=item staticperl_xs_init (pTHX)
804		1171
805	Sometimes you need direct control over C<perl_parse> and C<perl_run>, in	1172	Sometimes you need direct control over C<perl_parse> and C<perl_run>, in
806	which case you do not want to use C<staticperl_init> but call them on your	1173	which case you do not want to use C<staticperl_init> but call them on your
807	own.	1174	own.
808		1175
809	Then you need this function - either pass it directly as the C<xs_init>	1176	Then you need this function - either pass it directly as the C<xs_init>
810	function to C<perl_parse>, or call it from your own C<xs_init> function.	1177	function to C<perl_parse>, or call it as one of the first things from your
811		1178	own C<xs_init> function.
812	=item staticperl_cleanup ()
813
814	In the unlikely case that you want to destroy the perl interpreter, here
815	is the corresponding function.
816		1179
817	=item PerlInterpreter *staticperl	1180	=item PerlInterpreter *staticperl
818		1181
819	The perl interpreter pointer used by staticperl. Not normally so useful,	1182	The perl interpreter pointer used by staticperl. Not normally so useful,
820	but there it is.	1183	but there it is.
…		…
833		1196
834	=back	1197	=back
835		1198
836	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY	1199	=head1 RUNTIME FUNCTIONALITY
837		1200
838	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functions, which	1201	Binaries created with C<mkbundle>/C<mkperl> contain extra functionality,
839	are required to access the bundled perl sources, but might be useful for	1202	mostly related to the extra files bundled in the binary (the virtual
840	other purposes.	1203	filesystem). All of this data is statically compiled into the binary, and
		1204	accessing means copying it from a read-only section of your binary. Data
		1205	pages in this way are usually freed by the operating system, as they aren't
		1206	used more then once.
		1207
		1208	=head2 VIRTUAL FILESYSTEM
		1209
		1210	Every bundle has a virtual filesystem. The only information stored in it
		1211	is the path and contents of each file that was bundled.
		1212
		1213	=head3 LAYOUT
		1214
		1215	Any paths starting with an ampersand (F<&>) or exclamation mark (F<!>) are
		1216	reserved by F<staticperl>. They must only be used as described in this
		1217	section.
		1218
		1219	=over 4
		1220
		1221	=item !
		1222
		1223	All files that typically cannot be loaded from memory (such as dynamic
		1224	objects or shared libraries), but have to reside in the filesystem, are
		1225	prefixed with F<!>. Typically these files get written out to some
		1226	(semi-)temporary directory shortly after program startup, or before being
		1227	used.
		1228
		1229	=item !boot
		1230
		1231	The bootstrap file, if specified during bundling.
		1232
		1233	=item !auto/
		1234
		1235	Shared objects or dlls corresponding to dynamically-linked perl extensions
		1236	are stored with an F<!auto/> prefix.
		1237
		1238	=item !lib/
		1239
		1240	External shared libraries are stored in this directory.
		1241
		1242	=item any letter
		1243
		1244	Any path starting with a letter is a perl library file. For example,
		1245	F<Coro/AIO.pm> corresponds to the file loaded by C<use Coro::AIO>, and
		1246	F<Coro/jit.pl> corresponds to C<require "Coro/jit.pl">.
		1247
		1248	Obviously, module names shouldn't start with any other characters than
		1249	letters :)
		1250
		1251	=back
		1252
		1253	=head3 FUNCTIONS
		1254
		1255	=over 4
		1256
		1257	=item $file = static::find $path
		1258
		1259	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>
		1260	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>).
		1261
		1262	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
		1263
		1264	=item @paths = static::list
		1265
		1266	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
		1267
		1268	=back
		1269
		1270	=head2 EXTRA FEATURES
841		1271
842	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>	1272	In addition, for the embedded loading of perl files to work, F<staticperl>
843	overrides the C<@INC> array.	1273	overrides the C<@INC> array.
844		1274
845	=over 4
846
847	=item $file = staticperl::find $path
848
849	Returns the data associated with the given C<$path>
850	(e.g. C<Digest/MD5.pm>, C<auto/POSIX/autosplit.ix>), which is basically
851	the UNIX path relative to the perl library directory.
852
853	Returns C<undef> if the file isn't embedded.
854
855	=item @paths = staticperl::list
856
857	Returns the list of all paths embedded in this binary.
858
859	=back
860
861	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - BUILDROOT	1275	=head1 FULLY STATIC BINARIES - ALPINE LINUX
862		1276
863	To make truly static (Linux-) libraries, you might want to have a look at	1277	This section once contained a way to build fully static (including
864	buildroot (L<http://buildroot.uclibc.org/>).	1278	uClibc) binaries with buildroot. Unfortunately, buildroot no longer
		1279	supports a compiler, so I recommend using alpine linux instead
		1280	(L<http://alpinelinux.org/>). Get yourself a VM (e.g. with qemu), run an
		1281	older alpine linux verison in it (e.g. 2.4), copy staticperl inside and
		1282	use it.
865		1283
866	Buildroot is primarily meant to set up a cross-compile environment (which	1284	The reason you might want an older alpine linux is that uClibc can be
867	is not so useful as perl doesn't quite like cross compiles), but it can also compile	1285	quite dependent on kernel versions, so the newest version of alpine linux
868	a chroot environment where you can use F<staticperl>.	1286	might need a newer kernel then you might want for, if you plan to run your
869		1287	binaries on on other kernels.
870	To do so, download buildroot, and enable "Build options => development
871	files in target filesystem" and optionally "Build options => gcc
872	optimization level (optimize for size)". At the time of writing, I had
873	good experiences with GCC 4.4.x but not GCC 4.5.
874
875	To minimise code size, I used C<-pipe -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
876	-finline-limit=8 -fno-builtin-strlen -mtune=i386>. The C<-mtune=i386>
877	doesn't decrease codesize much, but it makes the file much more
878	compressible.
879
880	If you don't need Coro or threads, you can go with "linuxthreads.old" (or
881	no thread support). For Coro, it is highly recommended to switch to a
882	uClibc newer than 0.9.31 (at the time of this writing, I used the 20101201
883	snapshot) and enable NPTL, otherwise Coro needs to be configured with the
884	ultra-slow pthreads backend to work around linuxthreads bugs (it also uses
885	twice the address space needed for stacks).
886
887	If you use C<linuxthreads.old>, then you should also be aware that
888	uClibc shares C<errno> between all threads when statically linking. See
889	L<http://lists.uclibc.org/pipermail/uclibc/2010-June/044157.html> for a
890	workaround (And L<https://bugs.uclibc.org/2089> for discussion).
891
892	C<ccache> support is also recommended, especially if you want
893	to play around with buildroot options. Enabling the C<miniperl>
894	package will probably enable all options required for a successful
895	perl build. F<staticperl> itself additionally needs either C<wget>
896	(recommended, for CPAN) or C<curl>.
897
898	As for shells, busybox should provide all that is needed, but the default
899	busybox configuration doesn't include F<comm> which is needed by perl -
900	either make a custom busybox config, or compile coreutils.
901
902	For the latter route, you might find that bash has some bugs that keep
903	it from working properly in a chroot - either use dash (and link it to
904	F</bin/sh> inside the chroot) or link busybox to F</bin/sh>, using it's
905	built-in ash shell.
906
907	Finally, you need F</dev/null> inside the chroot for many scripts to work
908	- F<cp /dev/null output/target/dev> or bind-mounting your F</dev> will
909	both provide this.
910
911	After you have compiled and set up your buildroot target, you can copy
912	F<staticperl> from the C<App::Staticperl> distribution or from your
913	perl f<bin> directory (if you installed it) into the F<output/target>
914	filesystem, chroot inside and run it.
915		1288
916	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES	1289	=head1 RECIPES / SPECIFIC MODULES
917		1290
918	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about	1291	This section contains some common(?) recipes and information about
919	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra	1292	problems with some common modules or perl constructs that require extra
…		…
927		1300
928	Some functionality in the utf8 module, such as swash handling (used	1301	Some functionality in the utf8 module, such as swash handling (used
929	for unicode character ranges in regexes) is implemented in the	1302	for unicode character ranges in regexes) is implemented in the
930	C<"utf8_heavy.pl"> library:	1303	C<"utf8_heavy.pl"> library:
931		1304
932	-M'"utf8_heavy.pl"'	1305	-Mutf8_heavy.pl
933		1306
934	Many Unicode properties in turn are defined in separate modules,	1307	Many Unicode properties in turn are defined in separate modules,
935	such as C<"unicore/Heavy.pl"> and more specific data tables such as	1308	such as C<"unicore/Heavy.pl"> and more specific data tables such as
936	C<"unicore/To/Digit.pl"> or C<"unicore/lib/Perl/Word.pl">. These tables	1309	C<"unicore/To/Digit.pl"> or C<"unicore/lib/Perl/Word.pl">. These tables
937	are big (7MB uncompressed, although F<staticperl> contains special	1310	are big (7MB uncompressed, although F<staticperl> contains special
938	handling for those files), so including them on demand by your application	1311	handling for those files), so including them only on demand in your
939	only might pay off.	1312	application might pay off.
940		1313
941	To simply include the whole unicode database, use:	1314	To simply include the whole unicode database, use:
942		1315
943	--incglob '/unicore/*.pl'	1316	--incglob '/unicore/**.pl'
944		1317
945	=item AnyEvent	1318	=item AnyEvent
946		1319
947	AnyEvent needs a backend implementation that it will load in a delayed	1320	AnyEvent needs a backend implementation that it will load in a delayed
948	fashion. The L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> backend is the default choice	1321	fashion. The L<AnyEvent::Impl::Perl> backend is the default choice
…		…
953		1326
954	If you want to handle IRIs or IDNs (L<AnyEvent::Util> punycode and idn	1327	If you want to handle IRIs or IDNs (L<AnyEvent::Util> punycode and idn
955	functions), you also need to include C<"AnyEvent/Util/idna.pl"> and	1328	functions), you also need to include C<"AnyEvent/Util/idna.pl"> and
956	C<"AnyEvent/Util/uts46data.pl">.	1329	C<"AnyEvent/Util/uts46data.pl">.
957		1330
		1331	Or you can use C<--usepacklists> and specify C<-MAnyEvent> to include
		1332	everything.
		1333
		1334	=item Cairo
		1335
		1336	See Glib, same problem, same solution.
		1337
958	=item Carp	1338	=item Carp
959		1339
960	Carp had (in older versions of perl) a dependency on L<Carp::Heavy>. As of	1340	Carp had (in older versions of perl) a dependency on L<Carp::Heavy>. As of
961	perl 5.12.2 (maybe earlier), this dependency no longer exists.	1341	perl 5.12.2 (maybe earlier), this dependency no longer exists.
962		1342
…		…
964		1344
965	The F<perl -V> switch (as well as many modules) needs L<Config>, which in	1345	The F<perl -V> switch (as well as many modules) needs L<Config>, which in
966	turn might need L<"Config_heavy.pl">. Including the latter gives you	1346	turn might need L<"Config_heavy.pl">. Including the latter gives you
967	both.	1347	both.
968		1348
		1349	=item Glib
		1350
		1351	Glib literally requires Glib to be installed already to build - it tries
		1352	to fake this by running Glib out of the build directory before being
		1353	built. F<staticperl> tries to work around this by forcing C<MAN1PODS> and
		1354	C<MAN3PODS> to be empty via the C<PERL_MM_OPT> environment variable.
		1355
		1356	=item Gtk2
		1357
		1358	See Pango, same problems, same solution.
		1359
		1360	=item Net::SSLeay
		1361
		1362	This module hasn't been significantly updated since OpenSSL is called
		1363	OpenSSL, and fails to properly link against dependent libraries, most
		1364	commonly, it forgets to specify -ldl when linking.
		1365
		1366	On GNU/Linux systems this usually goes undetected, as perl usually links
		1367	against -ldl itself and OpenSSL just happens to pick it up that way, by
		1368	chance.
		1369
		1370	For static builds, you either have to configure -ldl manually, or you
		1371	cna use the following snippet in your C<postinstall> hook which patches
		1372	Net::SSLeay after installation, which happens to work most of the time:
		1373
		1374	postinstall() {
		1375	# first install it
		1376	instcpan Net::SSLeay
		1377	# then add -ldl for future linking
		1378	chmod u+w "$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1379	echo " -ldl" >>"$PERL_PREFIX"/lib/auto/Net/SSLeay/extralibs.ld
		1380	}
		1381
		1382	=item Pango
		1383
		1384	In addition to the C<MAN3PODS> problem in Glib, Pango also routes around
		1385	L<ExtUtils::MakeMaker> by compiling its files on its own. F<staticperl>
		1386	tries to patch L<ExtUtils::MM_Unix> to route around Pango.
		1387
969	=item Term::ReadLine::Perl	1388	=item Term::ReadLine::Perl
970		1389
971	Also needs L<Term::ReadLine::readline>.	1390	Also needs L<Term::ReadLine::readline>, or C<--usepacklists>.
972		1391
973	=item URI	1392	=item URI
974		1393
975	URI implements schemes as separate modules - the generic URL scheme is	1394	URI implements schemes as separate modules - the generic URL scheme is
976	implemented in L<URI::_generic>, HTTP is implemented in L<URI::http>. If	1395	implemented in L<URI::_generic>, HTTP is implemented in L<URI::http>. If
977	you need to use any of these schemes, you should include these manually.	1396	you need to use any of these schemes, you should include these manually,
		1397	or use C<--usepacklists>.
978		1398
979	=back	1399	=back
980		1400
981	=head2 RECIPES	1401	=head2 RECIPES
982		1402
983	=over 4	1403	=over 4
984		1404
985	=item Linking everything in	1405	=item Just link everything in
986		1406
987	To link just about everything installed in the perl library into a new	1407	To link just about everything installed in the perl library into a new
988	perl, try this:	1408	perl, try this (the first time this runs it will take a long time, as a
		1409	lot of files need to be parsed):
989		1410
990	staticperl mkperl --strip ppi --incglob '*'	1411	staticperl mkperl -v --strip ppi --incglob '*'
991		1412
		1413	If you don't mind the extra megabytes, this can be a very effective way of
		1414	creating bundles without having to worry about forgetting any modules.
		1415
		1416	You get even more useful variants of this method by first selecting
		1417	everything, and then excluding stuff you are reasonable sure not to need -
		1418	L<bigperl|http://staticperl.schmorp.de/bigperl.html> uses this approach.
		1419
992	=item Getting rid of netdb function	1420	=item Getting rid of netdb functions
993		1421
994	The perl core has lots of netdb functions (C<getnetbyname>, C<getgrent>	1422	The perl core has lots of netdb functions (C<getnetbyname>, C<getgrent>
995	and so on) that few applications use. You can avoid compiling them in by	1423	and so on) that few applications use. You can avoid compiling them in by
996	putting the following fragment into a C<preconfigure> hook:	1424	putting the following fragment into a C<preconfigure> hook:
997		1425
…		…
1014	do	1442	do
1015	PERL_CONFIGURE="$PERL_CONFIGURE -U$sym"	1443	PERL_CONFIGURE="$PERL_CONFIGURE -U$sym"
1016	done	1444	done
1017	}	1445	}
1018		1446
1019	This mostly gains space when linking staticaly, as the functions will	1447	This mostly gains space when linking statically, as the functions will
1020	liekly not be linked in. The gain for dynamically-linked binaries is	1448	likely not be linked in. The gain for dynamically-linked binaries is
1021	smaller.	1449	smaller.
1022		1450
1023	Also, this leaves C<gethostbyname> in - not only is it actually used	1451	Also, this leaves C<gethostbyname> in - not only is it actually used
1024	often, the L<Socket> module also exposes it, so leaving it out usually	1452	often, the L<Socket> module also exposes it, so leaving it out usually
1025	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already	1453	gains little. Why Socket exposes a C function that is in the core already
1026	is anybody's guess.	1454	is anybody's guess.
1027		1455
1028	=back	1456	=back
1029		1457
		1458	=head1 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
		1459
		1460	Some guy has made a repository on github
		1461	(L<https://github.com/gh0stwizard/staticperl-modules>) with some modules
		1462	patched to build with staticperl.
		1463
1030	=head1 AUTHOR	1464	=head1 AUTHOR
1031		1465
1032	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1466	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1033	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html	1467	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/staticperl.html
		1468

Diff Legend

–	Removed lines
+	Added lines
<	Changed lines
>	Changed lines