… | |
… | |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | my $ber = ber_decode $buf, $Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE |
9 | my $ber = ber_decode $buf, $Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE |
10 | or die "unable to decode SNMP message"; |
10 | or die "unable to decode SNMP message"; |
11 | |
11 | |
12 | # The above results in a data structure consisting of |
12 | # The above results in a data structure consisting of |
13 | # (class, tag, # constructed, data) |
13 | # (class, tag, flags, data) |
14 | # tuples. Below is such a message, SNMPv1 trap |
14 | # tuples. Below is such a message, SNMPv1 trap |
15 | # with a Cisco mac change notification. |
15 | # with a Cisco mac change notification. |
16 | # Did you know that Cisco is in the news almost |
16 | # Did you know that Cisco is in the news almost |
17 | # every week because of some backdoor password |
17 | # every week because of some backdoor password |
18 | # or other extremely stupid security bug? |
18 | # or other extremely stupid security bug? |
19 | |
19 | |
20 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, |
20 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, |
21 | [ |
21 | [ |
22 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 0 ], # snmp version 1 |
22 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 0 ], # snmp version 1 |
23 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, 4, 0, "public" ], # community |
23 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, 4, 0, "public" ], # community |
24 | [ ASN_CONTEXT, 4, 1, # CHOICE, constructed - trap PDU |
24 | [ ASN_CONTEXT, 4, 1, # CHOICE, constructed - trap PDU |
25 | [ |
25 | [ |
26 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 0, "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2" ], # enterprise oid |
26 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 0, "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2" ], # enterprise oid |
27 | [ ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS, 0, "10.0.0.1" ], # SNMP IpAddress |
27 | [ ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS, 0, "10.0.0.1" ], # SNMP IpAddress |
28 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 6 ], # generic trap |
28 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 6 ], # generic trap |
29 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 1 ], # specific trap |
29 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 1 ], # specific trap |
30 | [ ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS, 0, 1817903850 ], # SNMP TimeTicks |
30 | [ ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS, 0, 1817903850 ], # SNMP TimeTicks |
31 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # the varbindlist |
31 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # the varbindlist |
32 | [ |
32 | [ |
33 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # a single varbind, "key value" pair |
33 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # a single varbind, "key value" pair |
34 | [ |
34 | [ |
… | |
… | |
36 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, "...data..." # the value |
36 | [ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, "...data..." # the value |
37 | ] |
37 | ] |
38 | ] |
38 | ] |
39 | ], |
39 | ], |
40 | ... |
40 | ... |
|
|
41 | # let's dump it, for debugging |
|
|
42 | |
|
|
43 | ber_dump $ber, $Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE; |
41 | |
44 | |
42 | # let's decode it a bit with some helper functions |
45 | # let's decode it a bit with some helper functions |
43 | |
46 | |
44 | my $msg = ber_is_seq $ber |
47 | my $msg = ber_is_seq $ber |
45 | or die "SNMP message does not start with a sequence"; |
48 | or die "SNMP message does not start with a sequence"; |
46 | |
49 | |
47 | ber_is $msg->[0], ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0 |
50 | ber_is $msg->[0], ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0 |
48 | or die "SNMP message does not start with snmp version\n"; |
51 | or die "SNMP message does not start with snmp version\n"; |
49 | |
52 | |
50 | # message is SNMP v1 or v2c? |
53 | # message is SNMP v1 or v2c? |
51 | if ($msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 0 || $msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 1) { |
54 | if ($msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 0 || $msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 1) { |
52 | |
55 | |
… | |
… | |
55 | my $trap = $msg->[2][BER_DATA]; |
58 | my $trap = $msg->[2][BER_DATA]; |
56 | |
59 | |
57 | # check whether trap is a cisco mac notification mac changed message |
60 | # check whether trap is a cisco mac notification mac changed message |
58 | if ( |
61 | if ( |
59 | (ber_is_oid $trap->[0], "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2") # cmnInterfaceObjects |
62 | (ber_is_oid $trap->[0], "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2") # cmnInterfaceObjects |
60 | and (ber_is_i32 $trap->[2], 6) |
63 | and (ber_is_int $trap->[2], 6) |
61 | and (ber_is_i32 $trap->[3], 1) # mac changed msg |
64 | and (ber_is_int $trap->[3], 1) # mac changed msg |
62 | ) { |
65 | ) { |
63 | ... and so on |
66 | ... and so on |
64 | |
67 | |
65 | # finally, let's encode it again and hope it results in the same bit pattern |
68 | # finally, let's encode it again and hope it results in the same bit pattern |
66 | |
69 | |
… | |
… | |
100 | |
103 | |
101 | =item C<:const_index> |
104 | =item C<:const_index> |
102 | |
105 | |
103 | The BER tuple array index constants: |
106 | The BER tuple array index constants: |
104 | |
107 | |
105 | BER_CLASS BER_TAG BER_CONSTRUCTED BER_DATA |
108 | BER_CLASS BER_TAG BER_FLAGS BER_DATA |
106 | |
109 | |
107 | =item C<:const_asn> |
110 | =item C<:const_asn> |
108 | |
111 | |
109 | ASN class values (these are C<0>, C<1>, C<2> and C<3>, respectively - |
112 | ASN class values (these are C<0>, C<1>, C<2> and C<3>, respectively - |
110 | exactly thw two topmost bits from the identifier octet shifted 6 bits to |
113 | exactly the two topmost bits from the identifier octet shifted 6 bits to |
111 | the right): |
114 | the right): |
112 | |
115 | |
113 | ASN_UNIVERSAL ASN_APPLICATION ASN_CONTEXT ASN_PRIVATE |
116 | ASN_UNIVERSAL ASN_APPLICATION ASN_CONTEXT ASN_PRIVATE |
114 | |
117 | |
115 | ASN tag values (some of which are aliases, such as C<ASN_OID>). Their |
118 | ASN tag values (some of which are aliases, such as C<ASN_OID>). Their |
116 | numerical value corresponds exactly to the numbers used in BER/X.690. |
119 | numerical value corresponds exactly to the numbers used in BER/X.690. |
117 | |
120 | |
118 | ASN_BOOLEAN ASN_INTEGER32 ASN_BIT_STRING ASN_OCTET_STRING ASN_NULL ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
121 | ASN_BOOLEAN ASN_INTEGER ASN_BIT_STRING ASN_OCTET_STRING ASN_NULL ASN_OID |
119 | ASN_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR ASN_OID ASN_EXTERNAL ASN_REAL ASN_SEQUENCE ASN_ENUMERATED |
122 | ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER ASN_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR ASN_EXTERNAL ASN_REAL ASN_SEQUENCE ASN_ENUMERATED |
120 | ASN_EMBEDDED_PDV ASN_UTF8_STRING ASN_RELATIVE_OID ASN_SET ASN_NUMERIC_STRING |
123 | ASN_EMBEDDED_PDV ASN_UTF8_STRING ASN_RELATIVE_OID ASN_SET ASN_NUMERIC_STRING |
121 | ASN_PRINTABLE_STRING ASN_TELETEX_STRING ASN_T61_STRING ASN_VIDEOTEX_STRING ASN_IA5_STRING |
124 | ASN_PRINTABLE_STRING ASN_TELETEX_STRING ASN_T61_STRING ASN_VIDEOTEX_STRING ASN_IA5_STRING |
122 | ASN_ASCII_STRING ASN_UTC_TIME ASN_GENERALIZED_TIME ASN_GRAPHIC_STRING ASN_VISIBLE_STRING |
125 | ASN_ASCII_STRING ASN_UTC_TIME ASN_GENERALIZED_TIME ASN_GRAPHIC_STRING ASN_VISIBLE_STRING |
123 | ASN_ISO646_STRING ASN_GENERAL_STRING ASN_UNIVERSAL_STRING ASN_CHARACTER_STRING ASN_BMP_STRING |
126 | ASN_ISO646_STRING ASN_GENERAL_STRING ASN_UNIVERSAL_STRING ASN_CHARACTER_STRING ASN_BMP_STRING |
124 | |
127 | |
… | |
… | |
134 | |
137 | |
135 | Constants only relevant to SNMP. These are the tag values used by SNMP in |
138 | Constants only relevant to SNMP. These are the tag values used by SNMP in |
136 | the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace and have the exact numerical value as in |
139 | the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace and have the exact numerical value as in |
137 | BER/RFC 2578. |
140 | BER/RFC 2578. |
138 | |
141 | |
139 | SNMP_IPADDRESS SNMP_COUNTER32 SNMP_UNSIGNED32 SNMP_TIMETICKS SNMP_OPAQUE SNMP_COUNTER64 |
142 | SNMP_IPADDRESS SNMP_COUNTER32 SNMP_UNSIGNED32 SNMP_GAUGE32 |
|
|
143 | SNMP_TIMETICKS SNMP_OPAQUE SNMP_COUNTER64 |
140 | |
144 | |
141 | =item C<:decode> |
145 | =item C<:decode> |
142 | |
146 | |
143 | C<ber_decode> and the match helper functions: |
147 | C<ber_decode> and the match helper functions: |
144 | |
148 | |
|
|
149 | ber_decode ber-decode_prefix |
145 | ber_decode ber_is ber_is_seq ber_is_i32 ber_is_oid |
150 | ber_is ber_is_seq ber_is_int ber_is_oid |
|
|
151 | ber_dump |
146 | |
152 | |
147 | =item C<:encode> |
153 | =item C<:encode> |
148 | |
154 | |
149 | C<ber_encode> and the construction helper functions: |
155 | C<ber_encode> and the construction helper functions: |
150 | |
156 | |
151 | ber_encode ber_i32 |
157 | ber_encode |
|
|
158 | ber_int |
152 | |
159 | |
153 | =back |
160 | =back |
154 | |
161 | |
155 | =head2 ASN.1/BER/DER/... BASICS |
162 | =head2 ASN.1/BER/DER/... BASICS |
156 | |
163 | |
157 | ASN.1 is a strange language that can be used to describe protocols and |
164 | ASN.1 is a strange language that can be used to describe protocols and |
158 | data structures. It supports various mappings to JSON, XML, but most |
165 | data structures. It supports various mappings to JSON, XML, but most |
159 | importantly, to a various binary encodings such as BER, that is the topic |
166 | importantly, to a various binary encodings such as BER, that is the topic |
160 | of this module, and is used in SNMP or LDAP for example. |
167 | of this module, and is used in SNMP, LDAP or X.509 for example. |
161 | |
168 | |
162 | While ASN.1 defines a schema that is useful to interpret encoded data, |
169 | While ASN.1 defines a schema that is useful to interpret encoded data, |
163 | the BER encoding is actually somewhat self-describing: you might not know |
170 | the BER encoding is actually somewhat self-describing: you might not know |
164 | whether something is a string or a number or a sequence or something else, |
171 | whether something is a string or a number or a sequence or something else, |
165 | but you can nevertheless decode the overall structure, even if you end up |
172 | but you can nevertheless decode the overall structure, even if you end up |
… | |
… | |
167 | |
174 | |
168 | This works because BER values are tagged with a type and a namespace, |
175 | This works because BER values are tagged with a type and a namespace, |
169 | and also have a flag that says whether a value consists of subvalues (is |
176 | and also have a flag that says whether a value consists of subvalues (is |
170 | "constructed") or not (is "primitive"). |
177 | "constructed") or not (is "primitive"). |
171 | |
178 | |
172 | Tags are simple integers, and ASN.1 defines a somewhat weird assortment of |
179 | Tags are simple integers, and ASN.1 defines a somewhat weird assortment |
173 | those - for example, you have 32 bit signed integers and 16(!) different |
180 | of those - for example, you have one integers and 16(!) different |
174 | string types, but there is no Unsigned32 type for example. Different |
181 | string types, but there is no Unsigned32 type for example. Different |
175 | applications work around this in different ways, for example, SNMP defines |
182 | applications work around this in different ways, for example, SNMP defines |
176 | application-specific Gauge32, Counter32 and Unsigned32, which are mapped |
183 | application-specific Gauge32, Counter32 and Unsigned32, which are mapped |
177 | to two different tags: you can distinguish between Counter32 and the |
184 | to two different tags: you can distinguish between Counter32 and the |
178 | others, but not between Gause32 and Unsigned32, without the ASN.1 schema. |
185 | others, but not between Gause32 and Unsigned32, without the ASN.1 schema. |
… | |
… | |
182 | =head2 DECODED BER REPRESENTATION |
189 | =head2 DECODED BER REPRESENTATION |
183 | |
190 | |
184 | This module represents every BER value as a 4-element tuple (actually an |
191 | This module represents every BER value as a 4-element tuple (actually an |
185 | array-reference): |
192 | array-reference): |
186 | |
193 | |
187 | [CLASS, TAG, CONSTRUCTED, DATA] |
194 | [CLASS, TAG, FLAGS, DATA] |
188 | |
195 | |
189 | For example: |
196 | For example: |
190 | |
197 | |
191 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 177] # the integer 177 |
198 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 177] # the integer 177 |
192 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, "john"] # the string "john" |
199 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, "john"] # the string "john" |
193 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OID, 0, "1.3.6.133"] # some OID |
200 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OID, 0, "1.3.6.133"] # some OID |
194 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, [ [ASN_UNIVERSAL... # a sequence |
201 | [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, [ [ASN_UNIVERSAL... # a sequence |
195 | |
202 | |
196 | To avoid non-descriptive hardcoded array index numbers, this module |
203 | To avoid non-descriptive hardcoded array index numbers, this module |
197 | defines symbolic constants to access these members: C<BER_CLASS>, |
204 | defines symbolic constants to access these members: C<BER_CLASS>, |
198 | C<BER_TAG>, C<BER_CONSTRUCTED> and C<BER_DATA>. |
205 | C<BER_TAG>, C<BER_FLAGS> and C<BER_DATA>. |
199 | |
206 | |
200 | Also, the first three members are integers with a little caveat: for |
207 | Also, the first three members are integers with a little caveat: for |
201 | performance reasons, these are readonly and shared, so you must not modify |
208 | performance reasons, these are readonly and shared, so you must not modify |
202 | them (increment, assign to them etc.) in any way. You may modify the |
209 | them (increment, assign to them etc.) in any way. You may modify the |
203 | I<DATA> member, and you may re-assign the array itself, e.g.: |
210 | I<DATA> member, and you may re-assign the array itself, e.g.: |
204 | |
211 | |
205 | $ber = ber_decode $binbuf; |
212 | $ber = ber_decode $binbuf; |
206 | |
213 | |
207 | # the following is NOT legal: |
214 | # the following is NOT legal: |
208 | $ber->[BER_CLASS] = ASN_PRIVATE; # ERROR, CLASS/TAG/CONSTRUCTED are READ ONLY(!) |
215 | $ber->[BER_CLASS] = ASN_PRIVATE; # ERROR, CLASS/TAG/FLAGS are READ ONLY(!) |
209 | |
216 | |
210 | # but all of the following are fine: |
217 | # but all of the following are fine: |
211 | $ber->[BER_DATA] = "string"; |
218 | $ber->[BER_DATA] = "string"; |
212 | $ber->[BER_DATA] = [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 123]; |
219 | $ber->[BER_DATA] = [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 123]; |
213 | @$ber = (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS, 0, 1000); |
220 | @$ber = (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS, 0, 1000); |
214 | |
221 | |
215 | I<CLASS> is something like a namespace for I<TAG>s - there is the |
222 | I<CLASS> is something like a namespace for I<TAG>s - there is the |
216 | C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace which defines tags common to all ASN.1 |
223 | C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace which defines tags common to all ASN.1 |
217 | implementations, the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace which defines tags for |
224 | implementations, the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace which defines tags for |
… | |
… | |
223 | (partial) interpretation of the data value. For example, SNMP defines |
230 | (partial) interpretation of the data value. For example, SNMP defines |
224 | extra tags in the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace, and to take full advantage |
231 | extra tags in the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace, and to take full advantage |
225 | of these, you need to tell this module how to handle those via profiles. |
232 | of these, you need to tell this module how to handle those via profiles. |
226 | |
233 | |
227 | The most common tags in the C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace are |
234 | The most common tags in the C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace are |
228 | C<ASN_INTEGER32>, C<ASN_BIT_STRING>, C<ASN_NULL>, C<ASN_OCTET_STRING>, |
235 | C<ASN_INTEGER>, C<ASN_BIT_STRING>, C<ASN_NULL>, C<ASN_OCTET_STRING>, |
229 | C<ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER>, C<ASN_SEQUENCE>, C<ASN_SET> and |
236 | C<ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER>, C<ASN_SEQUENCE>, C<ASN_SET> and |
230 | C<ASN_IA5_STRING>. |
237 | C<ASN_IA5_STRING>. |
231 | |
238 | |
232 | The most common tags in SNMP's C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace are |
239 | The most common tags in SNMP's C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace are |
233 | C<SNMP_COUNTER32>, C<SNMP_UNSIGNED32>, C<SNMP_TIMETICKS> and |
240 | C<SNMP_COUNTER32>, C<SNMP_UNSIGNED32>, C<SNMP_TIMETICKS> and |
234 | C<SNMP_COUNTER64>. |
241 | C<SNMP_COUNTER64>. |
235 | |
242 | |
236 | The I<CONSTRUCTED> flag is really just a boolean - if it is false, |
243 | The I<FLAGS> value is really just a boolean at this time (but might |
237 | the value is "primitive" and contains no subvalues, kind of like a |
244 | get extended) - if it is C<0>, the value is "primitive" and contains |
238 | non-reference perl scalar. If it is true, then the value is "constructed" |
245 | no subvalues, kind of like a non-reference perl scalar. If it is C<1>, |
239 | which just means it contains a list of subvalues which this module will |
246 | then the value is "constructed" which just means it contains a list of |
240 | en-/decode as BER tuples themselves. |
247 | subvalues which this module will en-/decode as BER tuples themselves. |
241 | |
248 | |
242 | The I<DATA> value is either a reference to an array of further tuples (if |
249 | The I<DATA> value is either a reference to an array of further tuples |
243 | the value is I<CONSTRUCTED>), some decoded representation of the value, |
250 | (if the value is I<FLAGS>), some decoded representation of the value, if |
244 | if this module knows how to decode it (e.g. for the integer types above) |
251 | this module knows how to decode it (e.g. for the integer types above) or |
245 | or a binary string with the raw octets if this module doesn't know how to |
252 | a binary string with the raw octets if this module doesn't know how to |
246 | interpret the namespace/tag. |
253 | interpret the namespace/tag. |
247 | |
254 | |
248 | Thus, you can always decode a BER data structure and at worst you get a |
255 | Thus, you can always decode a BER data structure and at worst you get a |
249 | string in place of some nice decoded value. |
256 | string in place of some nice decoded value. |
250 | |
257 | |
… | |
… | |
252 | |
259 | |
253 | =head2 DECODING AND ENCODING |
260 | =head2 DECODING AND ENCODING |
254 | |
261 | |
255 | =over |
262 | =over |
256 | |
263 | |
257 | =item $tuple = ber_decoded $bindata[, $profile] |
264 | =item $tuple = ber_decode $bindata[, $profile] |
258 | |
265 | |
259 | Decodes binary BER data in C<$bindata> and returns the resulting BER |
266 | Decodes binary BER data in C<$bindata> and returns the resulting BER |
260 | tuple. Croaks on any decoding error, so the returned C<$tuple> is always |
267 | tuple. Croaks on any decoding error, so the returned C<$tuple> is always |
261 | valid. |
268 | valid. |
262 | |
269 | |
… | |
… | |
266 | |
273 | |
267 | In addition to rolling your own, this module provides a |
274 | In addition to rolling your own, this module provides a |
268 | C<$Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE> that knows about the additional SNMP |
275 | C<$Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE> that knows about the additional SNMP |
269 | types. |
276 | types. |
270 | |
277 | |
|
|
278 | Example: decode a BER blob using the default profile - SNMP values will be |
|
|
279 | decided as raw strings. |
|
|
280 | |
|
|
281 | $tuple = ber_decode $data; |
|
|
282 | |
|
|
283 | Example: as above, but use the provided SNMP profile. |
|
|
284 | |
|
|
285 | $tuple = ber_encode $data, $Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE; |
|
|
286 | |
|
|
287 | =item ($tuple, $bytes) = ber_decode_prefix $bindata[, $profile] |
|
|
288 | |
|
|
289 | Works like C<ber_decode>, except it doesn't croak when there is data after |
|
|
290 | the BER data, but instead returns the decoded value and the number of |
|
|
291 | bytes it decoded. |
|
|
292 | |
|
|
293 | This is useful when you have BER data at the start of a buffer and other |
|
|
294 | data after, and you need to find the length. |
|
|
295 | |
|
|
296 | Also, since BER is self-delimited, this can be used to decode multiple BER |
|
|
297 | values joined together. |
|
|
298 | |
271 | =item $bindata = ber_encode $tuple[, $profile] |
299 | =item $bindata = ber_encode $tuple[, $profile] |
272 | |
300 | |
273 | Encodes the BER tuple into a BER/DER data structure. AS with |
301 | Encodes the BER tuple into a BER/DER data structure. As with |
274 | Cyber_decode>, an optional profile can be given. |
302 | Cyber_decode>, an optional profile can be given. |
|
|
303 | |
|
|
304 | The encoded data should be both BER and DER ("shortest form") compliant |
|
|
305 | unless the input says otherwise (e.g. it uses constructed strings). |
275 | |
306 | |
276 | =back |
307 | =back |
277 | |
308 | |
278 | =head2 HELPER FUNCTIONS |
309 | =head2 HELPER FUNCTIONS |
279 | |
310 | |
… | |
… | |
291 | a ease-of-use exception, they usually also accept C<undef> instead of a |
322 | a ease-of-use exception, they usually also accept C<undef> instead of a |
292 | tuple reference, in which case they silently fail to match. |
323 | tuple reference, in which case they silently fail to match. |
293 | |
324 | |
294 | =over |
325 | =over |
295 | |
326 | |
296 | =item $bool = ber_is $tuple, $class, $tag, $constructed, $data |
327 | =item $bool = ber_is $tuple, $class, $tag, $flags, $data |
297 | |
328 | |
298 | This takes a BER C<$tuple> and matches its elements against the provided |
329 | This takes a BER C<$tuple> and matches its elements against the provided |
299 | values, all of which are optional - values that are either missing or |
330 | values, all of which are optional - values that are either missing or |
300 | C<undef> will be ignored, the others will be matched exactly (e.g. as if |
331 | C<undef> will be ignored, the others will be matched exactly (e.g. as if |
301 | you used C<==> or C<eq> (for C<$data>)). |
332 | you used C<==> or C<eq> (for C<$data>)). |
… | |
… | |
306 | orf die "tuple is not an ASN SEQUENCE"; |
337 | orf die "tuple is not an ASN SEQUENCE"; |
307 | |
338 | |
308 | ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_NULL |
339 | ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_NULL |
309 | or die "tuple is not an ASN NULL value"; |
340 | or die "tuple is not an ASN NULL value"; |
310 | |
341 | |
311 | ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 50 |
342 | ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER, 0, 50 |
312 | or die "BER integer must be 50"; |
343 | or die "BER integer must be 50"; |
313 | |
344 | |
314 | =item $seq = ber_is_seq $tuple |
345 | =item $seq = ber_is_seq $tuple |
315 | |
346 | |
316 | Returns the sequence members (the array of subvalues) if the C<$tuple> is |
347 | Returns the sequence members (the array of subvalues) if the C<$tuple> is |
… | |
… | |
323 | my $snmp = ber_is_seq $ber |
354 | my $snmp = ber_is_seq $ber |
324 | or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with SEQUENCE"; |
355 | or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with SEQUENCE"; |
325 | |
356 | |
326 | # now we know $snmp is a sequence, so decode the SNMP version |
357 | # now we know $snmp is a sequence, so decode the SNMP version |
327 | |
358 | |
328 | my $version = ber_is_i32 $snmp->[0] |
359 | my $version = ber_is_int $snmp->[0] |
329 | or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with version number"; |
360 | or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with version number"; |
330 | |
361 | |
331 | =item $bool = ber_is_i32 $tuple, $i32 |
362 | =item $bool = ber_is_int $tuple, $int |
332 | |
363 | |
333 | Returns a true value if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN INTEGER32 with |
364 | Returns a true value if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN INTEGER with |
334 | the value C<$i32>. |
365 | the value C<$int>. |
335 | |
366 | |
336 | =item $i32 = ber_is_i32 $tuple |
367 | =item $int = ber_is_int $tuple |
337 | |
368 | |
338 | Returns true (and extracts the integer value) if the C<$tuple> is an ASN |
369 | Returns true (and extracts the integer value) if the C<$tuple> is an |
339 | INTEGER32. For C<0>, this function returns a special value that is 0 but |
370 | C<ASN_INTEGER>. For C<0>, this function returns a special value that is 0 |
340 | true. |
371 | but true. |
341 | |
372 | |
342 | =item $bool = ber_is_oid $tuple, $oid_string |
373 | =item $bool = ber_is_oid $tuple, $oid_string |
343 | |
374 | |
344 | Returns true if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
375 | Returns true if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
345 | that exactly matches C<$oid_string>. Example: |
376 | that exactly matches C<$oid_string>. Example: |
… | |
… | |
356 | |
387 | |
357 | =head3 CONSTRUCTION HELPERS |
388 | =head3 CONSTRUCTION HELPERS |
358 | |
389 | |
359 | =over |
390 | =over |
360 | |
391 | |
361 | =item $tuple = ber_i32 $value |
392 | =item $tuple = ber_int $value |
362 | |
393 | |
363 | Constructs a new C<ASN_INTEGER32> tuple. |
394 | Constructs a new C<ASN_INTEGER> tuple. |
364 | |
395 | |
365 | =back |
396 | =back |
366 | |
397 | |
367 | =head2 RELATIONSHIP TO L<Convert::BER> and L<Convert::ASN1> |
398 | =head2 RELATIONSHIP TO L<Convert::BER> and L<Convert::ASN1> |
368 | |
399 | |
… | |
… | |
378 | use common::sense; |
409 | use common::sense; |
379 | |
410 | |
380 | use XSLoader (); |
411 | use XSLoader (); |
381 | use Exporter qw(import); |
412 | use Exporter qw(import); |
382 | |
413 | |
|
|
414 | use Carp (); |
|
|
415 | |
383 | our $VERSION; |
416 | our $VERSION; |
384 | |
417 | |
385 | BEGIN { |
418 | BEGIN { |
386 | $VERSION = 0.8; |
419 | $VERSION = 1.2; |
387 | XSLoader::load __PACKAGE__, $VERSION; |
420 | XSLoader::load __PACKAGE__, $VERSION; |
388 | } |
421 | } |
389 | |
422 | |
390 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
423 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
391 | const_index => [qw( |
424 | const_index => [qw( |
392 | BER_CLASS BER_TAG BER_CONSTRUCTED BER_DATA |
425 | BER_CLASS BER_TAG BER_FLAGS BER_DATA |
393 | )], |
426 | )], |
|
|
427 | const_asn_class => [qw( |
|
|
428 | ASN_UNIVERSAL ASN_APPLICATION ASN_CONTEXT ASN_PRIVATE |
|
|
429 | )], |
394 | const_asn => [qw( |
430 | const_asn_tag => [qw( |
395 | ASN_BOOLEAN ASN_INTEGER32 ASN_BIT_STRING ASN_OCTET_STRING ASN_NULL ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
431 | ASN_BOOLEAN ASN_INTEGER ASN_BIT_STRING ASN_OCTET_STRING ASN_NULL ASN_OID ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
396 | ASN_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR ASN_OID ASN_EXTERNAL ASN_REAL ASN_SEQUENCE ASN_ENUMERATED |
432 | ASN_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR ASN_EXTERNAL ASN_REAL ASN_SEQUENCE ASN_ENUMERATED |
397 | ASN_EMBEDDED_PDV ASN_UTF8_STRING ASN_RELATIVE_OID ASN_SET ASN_NUMERIC_STRING |
433 | ASN_EMBEDDED_PDV ASN_UTF8_STRING ASN_RELATIVE_OID ASN_SET ASN_NUMERIC_STRING |
398 | ASN_PRINTABLE_STRING ASN_TELETEX_STRING ASN_T61_STRING ASN_VIDEOTEX_STRING ASN_IA5_STRING |
434 | ASN_PRINTABLE_STRING ASN_TELETEX_STRING ASN_T61_STRING ASN_VIDEOTEX_STRING ASN_IA5_STRING |
399 | ASN_ASCII_STRING ASN_UTC_TIME ASN_GENERALIZED_TIME ASN_GRAPHIC_STRING ASN_VISIBLE_STRING |
435 | ASN_ASCII_STRING ASN_UTC_TIME ASN_GENERALIZED_TIME ASN_GRAPHIC_STRING ASN_VISIBLE_STRING |
400 | ASN_ISO646_STRING ASN_GENERAL_STRING ASN_UNIVERSAL_STRING ASN_CHARACTER_STRING ASN_BMP_STRING |
436 | ASN_ISO646_STRING ASN_GENERAL_STRING ASN_UNIVERSAL_STRING ASN_CHARACTER_STRING ASN_BMP_STRING |
401 | |
|
|
402 | ASN_UNIVERSAL ASN_APPLICATION ASN_CONTEXT ASN_PRIVATE |
|
|
403 | )], |
437 | )], |
404 | const_ber_type => [qw( |
438 | const_ber_type => [qw( |
405 | BER_TYPE_BYTES BER_TYPE_UTF8 BER_TYPE_UCS2 BER_TYPE_UCS4 BER_TYPE_INT |
439 | BER_TYPE_BYTES BER_TYPE_UTF8 BER_TYPE_UCS2 BER_TYPE_UCS4 BER_TYPE_INT |
406 | BER_TYPE_OID BER_TYPE_RELOID BER_TYPE_NULL BER_TYPE_BOOL BER_TYPE_REAL |
440 | BER_TYPE_OID BER_TYPE_RELOID BER_TYPE_NULL BER_TYPE_BOOL BER_TYPE_REAL |
407 | BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS BER_TYPE_CROAK |
441 | BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS BER_TYPE_CROAK |
408 | )], |
442 | )], |
409 | const_snmp => [qw( |
443 | const_snmp => [qw( |
410 | SNMP_IPADDRESS SNMP_COUNTER32 SNMP_UNSIGNED32 SNMP_TIMETICKS SNMP_OPAQUE SNMP_COUNTER64 |
444 | SNMP_IPADDRESS SNMP_COUNTER32 SNMP_GAUGE32 SNMP_UNSIGNED32 |
|
|
445 | SNMP_TIMETICKS SNMP_OPAQUE SNMP_COUNTER64 |
411 | )], |
446 | )], |
412 | decode => [qw( |
447 | decode => [qw( |
413 | ber_decode |
448 | ber_decode ber_decode_prefix |
414 | ber_is ber_is_seq ber_is_i32 ber_is_oid |
449 | ber_is ber_is_seq ber_is_int ber_is_oid |
|
|
450 | ber_dump |
415 | )], |
451 | )], |
416 | encode => [qw( |
452 | encode => [qw( |
417 | ber_encode |
453 | ber_encode |
418 | ber_i32 |
454 | ber_int |
419 | )], |
455 | )], |
420 | ); |
456 | ); |
421 | |
457 | |
422 | our @EXPORT_OK = map @$_, values %EXPORT_TAGS; |
458 | our @EXPORT_OK = map @$_, values %EXPORT_TAGS; |
423 | |
459 | |
424 | $EXPORT_TAGS{all} = \@EXPORT_OK; |
460 | $EXPORT_TAGS{all} = \@EXPORT_OK; |
|
|
461 | $EXPORT_TAGS{const_asn} = [map @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{$_} }, qw(const_asn_class const_asn_tag)]; |
425 | $EXPORT_TAGS{const} = [map @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{$_} }, qw(const_index const_asn)]; |
462 | $EXPORT_TAGS{const} = [map @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{$_} }, qw(const_index const_asn)]; |
426 | use Data::Dump; ddx \%EXPORT_TAGS; |
463 | |
|
|
464 | our $DEFAULT_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
466 | $DEFAULT_PROFILE->_set_default; |
|
|
467 | |
|
|
468 | # additional SNMP application types |
|
|
469 | our $SNMP_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
|
|
470 | |
|
|
471 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
|
|
472 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER32 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
|
|
473 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_UNSIGNED32, BER_TYPE_INT); |
|
|
474 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS , BER_TYPE_INT); |
|
|
475 | |
|
|
476 | # decodes REAL values according to ECMA-63 |
|
|
477 | # this is pretty strict, except it doesn't catch -0. |
|
|
478 | sub _decode_real_decimal { |
|
|
479 | my ($format, $val) = @_; |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
481 | $val =~ y/,/./; |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | if ($format == 1) { |
|
|
484 | $val =~ /^ \ * [+-]? [0-9]+ \z/x |
|
|
485 | or Carp::croak "BER_TYPE_REAL NR1 value not in NR1 format ($val) (X.690 8.5.8, ECMA-63)"; |
|
|
486 | } elsif ($format == 2) { |
|
|
487 | $val =~ /^ \ * [+-]? (?: [0-9]+\.[0-9]* | [0-9]*\.[0-9]+ ) \z/x |
|
|
488 | or Carp::croak "BER_TYPE_REAL NR2 value not in NR2 format ($val) (X.690 8.5.8, ECMA-63)"; |
|
|
489 | } elsif ($format == 3) { |
|
|
490 | $val =~ /^ \ * [+-] (?: [0-9]+\.[0-9]* | [0-9]*\.[0-9]+ ) E [+-][0-9]+ \z/x |
|
|
491 | or Carp::croak "BER_TYPE_REAL NR3 value not in NR3 format ($val) (X.690 8.5.8, ECMA-63)"; |
|
|
492 | } else { |
|
|
493 | Carp::croak "BER_TYPE_REAL illegal decimal numerical representation format $format"; |
|
|
494 | } |
|
|
495 | |
|
|
496 | $val |
|
|
497 | } |
|
|
498 | |
|
|
499 | # this is a mess, but perl's support for floating point formatting is nearly nonexistant |
|
|
500 | sub _encode_real_decimal { |
|
|
501 | my ($val, $nvdig) = @_; |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
503 | $val = sprintf "%.*G", $nvdig + 1, $val; |
|
|
504 | |
|
|
505 | if ($val =~ /E/) { |
|
|
506 | $val =~ s/E(?=[^+-])/E+/; |
|
|
507 | $val =~ s/E/.E/ if $val !~ /\./; |
|
|
508 | $val =~ s/^/+/ unless $val =~ /^-/; |
|
|
509 | |
|
|
510 | return "\x03$val" # NR3 |
|
|
511 | } |
|
|
512 | |
|
|
513 | $val =~ /\./ |
|
|
514 | ? "\x02$val" # NR2 |
|
|
515 | : "\x01$val" # NR1 |
|
|
516 | } |
|
|
517 | |
|
|
518 | =head2 DEBUGGING |
|
|
519 | |
|
|
520 | To aid debugging, you can call the C<ber_dump> function to print a "nice" |
|
|
521 | representation to STDOUT. |
|
|
522 | |
|
|
523 | =over |
|
|
524 | |
|
|
525 | =item ber_dump $tuple[, $profile[, $prefix]] |
|
|
526 | |
|
|
527 | In addition to specifying the BER C<$tuple> to dump, you can also specify |
|
|
528 | a C<$profile> and a C<$prefix> string that is printed in front of each line. |
|
|
529 | |
|
|
530 | If C<$profile> is C<$Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE>, then C<ber_dump> |
|
|
531 | will try to improve its output for SNMP data. |
|
|
532 | |
|
|
533 | The output usually contains three columns, the "human readable" tag, the |
|
|
534 | BER type used to decode it, and the data value. |
|
|
535 | |
|
|
536 | This function is somewhat slow and uses a number of heuristics and tricks, |
|
|
537 | so it really is only suitable for debug prints. |
|
|
538 | |
|
|
539 | Example output: |
|
|
540 | |
|
|
541 | SEQUENCE |
|
|
542 | | OCTET_STRING bytes 800063784300454045045400000001 |
|
|
543 | | OCTET_STRING bytes |
|
|
544 | | CONTEXT (7) CONSTRUCTED |
|
|
545 | | | INTEGER int 1058588941 |
|
|
546 | | | INTEGER int 0 |
|
|
547 | | | INTEGER int 0 |
|
|
548 | | | SEQUENCE |
|
|
549 | | | | SEQUENCE |
|
|
550 | | | | | OID oid 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 |
|
|
551 | | | | | TIMETICKS int 638085796 |
|
|
552 | |
|
|
553 | =back |
|
|
554 | |
|
|
555 | =cut |
|
|
556 | |
|
|
557 | # reverse enum, very slow and ugly hack |
|
|
558 | sub _re { |
|
|
559 | my ($export_tag, $value) = @_; |
|
|
560 | |
|
|
561 | for my $symbol (@{ $EXPORT_TAGS{$export_tag} }) { |
|
|
562 | $value == eval $symbol |
|
|
563 | and return $symbol; |
|
|
564 | } |
|
|
565 | |
|
|
566 | "($value)" |
|
|
567 | } |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
569 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER64 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
|
|
570 | |
|
|
571 | sub _ber_dump { |
|
|
572 | my ($ber, $profile, $indent) = @_; |
|
|
573 | |
|
|
574 | if (my $seq = ber_is_seq $ber) { |
|
|
575 | printf "%sSEQUENCE\n", $indent; |
|
|
576 | &_ber_dump ($_, $profile, "$indent| ") |
|
|
577 | for @$seq; |
|
|
578 | } else { |
|
|
579 | my $asn = $ber->[BER_CLASS] == ASN_UNIVERSAL; |
|
|
580 | |
|
|
581 | my $class = _re const_asn_class => $ber->[BER_CLASS]; |
|
|
582 | my $tag = $asn ? _re const_asn_tag => $ber->[BER_TAG] : $ber->[BER_TAG]; |
|
|
583 | my $type = _re const_ber_type => $profile->get ($ber->[BER_CLASS], $ber->[BER_TAG]); |
|
|
584 | my $data = $ber->[BER_DATA]; |
|
|
585 | |
|
|
586 | if ($profile == $SNMP_PROFILE and $ber->[BER_CLASS] == ASN_APPLICATION) { |
|
|
587 | $tag = _re const_snmp => $ber->[BER_TAG]; |
|
|
588 | } elsif (!$asn) { |
|
|
589 | $tag = "$class ($tag)"; |
|
|
590 | } |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | $class =~ s/^ASN_//; |
|
|
593 | $tag =~ s/^(ASN_|SNMP_)//; |
|
|
594 | $type =~ s/^BER_TYPE_//; |
|
|
595 | |
|
|
596 | if ($ber->[BER_FLAGS]) { |
|
|
597 | printf "$indent%-16.16s\n", $tag; |
|
|
598 | &_ber_dump ($_, $profile, "$indent| ") |
|
|
599 | for @$data; |
|
|
600 | } else { |
|
|
601 | if ($data =~ y/\x20-\x7e//c / (length $data || 1) > 0.2 or $data =~ /\x00./s) { |
|
|
602 | # assume binary |
|
|
603 | $data = unpack "H*", $data; |
|
|
604 | } else { |
|
|
605 | $data =~ s/[^\x20-\x7e]/./g; |
|
|
606 | $data = "\"$data\"" if $tag =~ /string/i || !length $data; |
|
|
607 | } |
|
|
608 | |
|
|
609 | substr $data, 40, 1e9, "..." if 40 < length $data; |
|
|
610 | |
|
|
611 | printf "$indent%-16.16s %-6.6s %s\n", $tag, lc $type, $data; |
|
|
612 | } |
|
|
613 | } |
|
|
614 | } |
|
|
615 | |
|
|
616 | sub ber_dump($;$$) { |
|
|
617 | _ber_dump $_[0], $_[1] || $DEFAULT_PROFILE, $_[2]; |
|
|
618 | } |
427 | |
619 | |
428 | =head1 PROFILES |
620 | =head1 PROFILES |
429 | |
621 | |
430 | While any BER data can be correctly encoded and decoded out of the box, it |
622 | While any BER data can be correctly encoded and decoded out of the box, it |
431 | can be inconvenient to have to manually decode some values into a "better" |
623 | can be inconvenient to have to manually decode some values into a "better" |
… | |
… | |
492 | |
684 | |
493 | Returns the BER type mapped to the given C<$class>/C<$tag> combination. |
685 | Returns the BER type mapped to the given C<$class>/C<$tag> combination. |
494 | |
686 | |
495 | =back |
687 | =back |
496 | |
688 | |
497 | =head2 BER TYPES |
689 | =head2 BER Types |
498 | |
690 | |
499 | This lists the predefined BER types - you can map any C<CLASS>/C<TAG> |
691 | This lists the predefined BER types. BER types are formatters used |
500 | combination to any C<BER_TYPE_*>. |
692 | internally to format and encode BER values. You can assign any C<BER_TYPE> |
|
|
693 | to any C<CLASS>/C<TAG> combination tgo change how that tag is decoded or |
|
|
694 | encoded. |
501 | |
695 | |
502 | =over |
696 | =over |
503 | |
697 | |
504 | =item C<BER_TYPE_BYTES> |
698 | =item C<BER_TYPE_BYTES> |
505 | |
699 | |
… | |
… | |
571 | C<BER_TYPE_BYTES>. When you don't want that but instead prefer a hard |
765 | C<BER_TYPE_BYTES>. When you don't want that but instead prefer a hard |
572 | error for some types, then C<BER_TYPE_CROAK> is for you. |
766 | error for some types, then C<BER_TYPE_CROAK> is for you. |
573 | |
767 | |
574 | =back |
768 | =back |
575 | |
769 | |
576 | =cut |
770 | =head2 Example Profile |
577 | |
771 | |
578 | our $DEFAULT_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
772 | The following creates a profile suitable for SNMP - it's exactly identical |
|
|
773 | to the C<$Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE> profile. |
|
|
774 | |
579 | our $SNMP_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
775 | our $SNMP_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
580 | |
776 | |
581 | # additional SNMP application types |
|
|
582 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
777 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
583 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER32 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
778 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER32 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
584 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_UNSIGNED32, BER_TYPE_INT); |
779 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_UNSIGNED32, BER_TYPE_INT); |
585 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS , BER_TYPE_INT); |
780 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS , BER_TYPE_INT); |
586 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_OPAQUE , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
781 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_OPAQUE , BER_TYPE_BYTES); |
587 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER64 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
782 | $SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER64 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
588 | |
|
|
589 | $DEFAULT_PROFILE->_set_default; |
|
|
590 | |
|
|
591 | 1; |
|
|
592 | |
783 | |
593 | =head2 LIMITATIONS/NOTES |
784 | =head2 LIMITATIONS/NOTES |
594 | |
785 | |
595 | This module can only en-/decode 64 bit signed and unsigned integers, and |
786 | This module can only en-/decode 64 bit signed and unsigned |
596 | only when your perl supports those. |
787 | integers/tags/lengths, and only when your perl supports those. So no UUID |
|
|
788 | OIDs for now (unless you map the C<OBJECT IDENTIFIER> tag to something |
|
|
789 | other than C<BER_TYPE_OID>). |
597 | |
790 | |
598 | This module does not generally care about ranges, i.e. it will happily |
791 | This module does not generally care about ranges, i.e. it will happily |
599 | de-/encode 64 bit integers into an C<ASN_INTEGER32> value, or a negative |
792 | de-/encode 64 bit integers into an C<SNMP_UNSIGNED32> value, or a negative |
600 | number into an C<SNMP_COUNTER64>. |
793 | number into an C<SNMP_COUNTER64>. |
601 | |
794 | |
602 | OBJECT IDENTIFIEERs cannot have unlimited length, although the limit is |
795 | OBJECT IDENTIFIEERs cannot have unlimited length, although the limit is |
603 | much larger than e.g. the one imposed by SNMP or other protocols,a nd is |
796 | much larger than e.g. the one imposed by SNMP or other protocols, and is |
604 | about 4kB. |
797 | about 4kB. |
605 | |
798 | |
606 | REAL values are not supported and will currently croak. |
799 | Constructed strings are decoded just fine, but there should be a way to |
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800 | join them for convenience. |
607 | |
801 | |
608 | This module has undergone little to no testing so far. |
802 | REAL values will always be encoded in decimal form and ssometimes is |
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803 | forced into a perl "NV" type, potentially losing precision. |
609 | |
804 | |
610 | =head2 ITHREADS SUPPORT |
805 | =head2 ITHREADS SUPPORT |
611 | |
806 | |
612 | This module is unlikely to work when the (officially discouraged) ithreads |
807 | This module is unlikely to work in any other than the loading thread when |
613 | are in use. |
808 | the (officially discouraged) ithreads are in use. |
614 | |
809 | |
615 | =head1 AUTHOR |
810 | =head1 AUTHOR |
616 | |
811 | |
617 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
812 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
618 | http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/Convert-BER-XS |
813 | http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/Convert-BER-XS |
619 | |
814 | |
620 | =cut |
815 | =cut |
621 | |
816 | |
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817 | 1; |
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818 | |