1 |
=head1 NAME |
2 |
|
3 |
Convert::BER::XS - I<very> low level BER en-/decoding |
4 |
|
5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 |
|
7 |
use Convert::BER::XS ':all'; |
8 |
|
9 |
my $ber = ber_decode $buf |
10 |
or die "unable to decode SNMP message"; |
11 |
|
12 |
# The above results in a data structure consisting of |
13 |
# (class, tag, # constructed, data) |
14 |
# tuples. Below is such a message, SNMPv1 trap |
15 |
# with a Cisco mac change notification. |
16 |
# Did you know that Cisco is in the news almost |
17 |
# every week because # of some backdoor password |
18 |
# or other extremely stupid security bug? |
19 |
|
20 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, |
21 |
[ |
22 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 0 ], # snmp version 1 |
23 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, 4, 0, "public" ], # community |
24 |
[ ASN_CONTEXT, 4, 1, # CHOICE, constructed - trap PDU |
25 |
[ |
26 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 0, "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2" ], # enterprise oid |
27 |
[ ASN_APPLICATION, 0, 0, "\x0a\x00\x00\x01" ], # SNMP IpAddress, 10.0.0.1 |
28 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 6 ], # generic trap |
29 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 1 ], # specific trap |
30 |
[ ASN_APPLICATION, ASN_TIMETICKS, 0, 1817903850 ], # SNMP TimeTicks |
31 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # the varbindlist |
32 |
[ |
33 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, # a single varbind, "key value" pair |
34 |
[ |
35 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER, 0, "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.1.1.8.1.2.1" ], |
36 |
[ ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, "...data..." # the value |
37 |
] |
38 |
] |
39 |
], |
40 |
... |
41 |
|
42 |
# let's decode it a bit with some helper functions |
43 |
|
44 |
my $msg = ber_is_seq $ber |
45 |
or die "SNMP message does not start with a sequence"; |
46 |
|
47 |
ber_is $msg->[0], ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0 |
48 |
or die "SNMP message does not start with snmp version\n"; |
49 |
|
50 |
# message is SNMP v1 or v2c? |
51 |
if ($msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 0 || $msg->[0][BER_DATA] == 1) { |
52 |
|
53 |
# message is v1 trap? |
54 |
if (ber_is $msg->[2], ASN_CONTEXT, 4, 1) { |
55 |
my $trap = $msg->[2][BER_DATA]; |
56 |
|
57 |
# check whether trap is a cisco mac notification mac changed message |
58 |
if ( |
59 |
(ber_is_oid $trap->[0], "1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.215.2") # cmnInterfaceObjects |
60 |
and (ber_is_i32 $trap->[2], 6) |
61 |
and (ber_is_i32 $trap->[3], 1) # mac changed msg |
62 |
) { |
63 |
... and so on |
64 |
|
65 |
# finally, let's encode it again and hope it results in the same bit pattern |
66 |
|
67 |
my $buf = ber_encode $ber; |
68 |
|
69 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
70 |
|
71 |
WARNING: Before release 1.0, the API is not considered stable in any way. |
72 |
|
73 |
This module implements a I<very> low level BER/DER en-/decoder. |
74 |
|
75 |
If is tuned for low memory and high speed, while still maintaining some |
76 |
level of user-friendlyness. |
77 |
|
78 |
Currently, not much is documented, as this is an initial release to |
79 |
reserve CPAN namespace, stay tuned for a few days. |
80 |
|
81 |
=head2 ASN.1/BER/DER/... BASICS |
82 |
|
83 |
ASN.1 is a strange language that can be sed to describe protocols and |
84 |
data structures. It supports various mappings to JSON, XML, but most |
85 |
importantly, to a various binary encodings such as BER, that is the topic |
86 |
of this module, and is used in SNMP or LDAP for example. |
87 |
|
88 |
While ASN.1 defines a schema that is useful to interpret encoded data, |
89 |
the BER encoding is actually somewhat self-describing: you might not know |
90 |
whether something is a string or a number or a sequence or something else, |
91 |
but you can nevertheless decode the overall structure, even if you end up |
92 |
with just a binary blob for the actual value. |
93 |
|
94 |
This works because BER values are tagged with a type and a namespace, |
95 |
and also have a flag that says whther a value consists of subvalues (is |
96 |
"constructed") or not (is "primitive"). |
97 |
|
98 |
Tags are simple integers, and ASN.1 defines a somewhat weird assortment of |
99 |
those - for example, you have 32 bit signed integers and 16(!) different |
100 |
string types, but there is no unsigned32 type for example. Different |
101 |
applications work around this in different ways, for example, SNMP defines |
102 |
application-specific Gauge32, Counter32 and Unsigned32, which are mapped |
103 |
to two different tags: you can distinguish between Counter32 and the |
104 |
others, but not between Gause32 and Unsigned32, without the ASN.1 schema. |
105 |
|
106 |
Ugh. |
107 |
|
108 |
=head2 DECODED BER REPRESENTATION |
109 |
|
110 |
This module represents every BER value as a 4-element tuple (actually an |
111 |
array-reference): |
112 |
|
113 |
[CLASS, TAG, CONSTRUCTED, DATA] |
114 |
|
115 |
To avoid non-descriptive hardcoded array index numbers, this module |
116 |
defines symbolic constants to access these members: C<BER_CLASS>, |
117 |
C<BER_TAG>, C<BER_CONSTRUCTED> and C<BER_DATA>. |
118 |
|
119 |
Also, the first three members are integers with a little caveat: for |
120 |
performance reasons, these are readonly and shared, so you must not modify |
121 |
them (increment, assign to them etc.) in any way. You may modify the |
122 |
I<DATA> member, and you may re-assign the array itself, e.g.: |
123 |
|
124 |
$ber = ber_decode $binbuf; |
125 |
|
126 |
# the following is NOT legal: |
127 |
$ber->[BER_CLASS] = ASN_PRIVATE; # ERROR, CLASS/TAG/CONSTRUCTED are READ ONLY(!) |
128 |
|
129 |
# but all of the following are fine: |
130 |
$ber->[BER_DATA] = "string"; |
131 |
$ber->[BER_DATA] = [ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 123]; |
132 |
@$ber = (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS, 0, 1000); |
133 |
|
134 |
I<CLASS> is something like a namespace for I<TAG>s - there is the |
135 |
C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace which defines tags common to all ASN.1 |
136 |
implementations, the C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace which defines tags for |
137 |
specific applications (for example, the SNMP C<Unsigned32> type is in this |
138 |
namespace), a special-purpose context namespace (C<ASN_CONTEXT>, used e.g. |
139 |
for C<CHOICE>) and a private namespace (C<ASN_PRIVATE>). |
140 |
|
141 |
The meaning of the I<TAG> depends on the namespace, and defines a |
142 |
(partial) interpretation of the data value. For example, right now, SNMP |
143 |
application namespace knowledge ix hardcoded into this module, so it |
144 |
knows that SNMP C<Unsigned32> values need to be decoded into actual perl |
145 |
integers. |
146 |
|
147 |
The most common tags in the C<ASN_UNIVERSAL> namespace are |
148 |
C<ASN_INTEGER32>, C<ASN_BIT_STRING>, C<ASN_NULL>, C<ASN_OCTET_STRING>, |
149 |
C<ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER>, C<ASN_SEQUENCE>, C<ASN_SET> and |
150 |
C<ASN_IA5_STRING>. |
151 |
|
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The most common tags in SNMP's C<ASN_APPLICATION> namespace |
153 |
are C<SNMP_IPADDRESS>, C<SNMP_COUNTER32>, C<SNMP_UNSIGNED32>, |
154 |
C<SNMP_TIMETICKS>, C<SNMP_OPAQUE> and C<SNMP_COUNTER64>. |
155 |
|
156 |
The I<CONSTRUCTED> flag is really just a boolean - if it is false, the |
157 |
the value is "primitive" and contains no subvalues, kind of like a |
158 |
non-reference perl scalar. IF it is true, then the value is "constructed" |
159 |
which just means it contains a list of subvalues which this module will |
160 |
en-/decode as BER tuples themselves. |
161 |
|
162 |
The I<DATA> value is either a reference to an array of further tuples (if |
163 |
the value is I<CONSTRUCTED>), some decoded representation of the value, |
164 |
if this module knows how to decode it (e.g. for the integer types above) |
165 |
or a binary string with the raw octets if this module doesn't know how to |
166 |
interpret the namespace/tag. |
167 |
|
168 |
Thus, you can always decode a BER data structure and at worst you get a |
169 |
string in place of some nice decoded value. |
170 |
|
171 |
See the SYNOPSIS for an example of such an encoded tuple representation. |
172 |
|
173 |
=head2 DECODING AND ENCODING |
174 |
|
175 |
=over |
176 |
|
177 |
=item $tuple = ber_decoded $bindata |
178 |
|
179 |
Decodes binary BER data in C<$bindata> and returns the resulting BER |
180 |
tuple. Croaks on any decoding error, so the returned C<$tuple> is always |
181 |
valid. |
182 |
|
183 |
=item $bindata = ber_encode $tuple |
184 |
|
185 |
Encodes the BER tuple into a BER/DER data structure. |
186 |
|
187 |
=back |
188 |
|
189 |
=head2 HELPER FUNCTIONS |
190 |
|
191 |
Working with a 4-tuple for every value can be annoying. Or, rather, I<is> |
192 |
annoying. To reduce this a bit, this module defines a number of helper |
193 |
functions, both to match BER tuples and to conmstruct BER tuples: |
194 |
|
195 |
=head3 MATCH HELPERS |
196 |
|
197 |
Thse functions accept a BER tuple as first argument and either paertially |
198 |
or fully match it. They often come in two forms, one which exactly matches |
199 |
a value, and one which only matches the type and returns the value. |
200 |
|
201 |
They do check whether valid tuples are passed in and croak otherwise. As |
202 |
a ease-of-use exception, they usually also accept C<undef> instead of a |
203 |
tuple reference. in which case they silently fail to match. |
204 |
|
205 |
=over |
206 |
|
207 |
=item $bool = ber_is $tuple, $class, $tag, $constructed, $data |
208 |
|
209 |
This takes a BER C<$tuple> and matches its elements agains the privded |
210 |
values, all of which are optional - values that are either missing or |
211 |
C<undef> will be ignored, the others will be matched exactly (e.g. as if |
212 |
you used C<==> or C<eq> (for C<$data>)). |
213 |
|
214 |
Some examples: |
215 |
|
216 |
ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1 |
217 |
orf die "tuple is not an ASN SEQUENCE"; |
218 |
|
219 |
ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_NULL |
220 |
or die "tuple is not an ASN NULL value"; |
221 |
|
222 |
ber_is $tuple, ASN_UNIVERSAL, ASN_INTEGER32, 0, 50 |
223 |
or die "BER integer must be 50"; |
224 |
|
225 |
=item $seq = ber_is_seq $tuple |
226 |
|
227 |
Returns the sequence members (the array of subvalues) if the C<$tuple> is |
228 |
an ASN SEQUENCE, i.e. the C<BER_DATA> member. If the C<$tuple> is not a |
229 |
sequence it returns C<undef>. For example, SNMP version 1/2c/3 packets all |
230 |
consist of an outer SEQUENCE value: |
231 |
|
232 |
my $ber = ber_decode $snmp_data; |
233 |
|
234 |
my $snmp = ber_is_seq $ber |
235 |
or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with SEQUENCE"; |
236 |
|
237 |
# now we know $snmp is a sequence, so decode the SNMP version |
238 |
|
239 |
my $version = ber_is_i32 $snmp->[0] |
240 |
or die "SNMP packet invalid: does not start with version number"; |
241 |
|
242 |
=item $bool = ber_is_i32 $tuple, $i32 |
243 |
|
244 |
Returns a true value if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN INTEGER32 with |
245 |
the value C<$i32>. |
246 |
|
247 |
=item $i32 = ber_is_i32 $tuple |
248 |
|
249 |
Returns true (and extracts the integer value) if the C<$tuple> is an ASN |
250 |
INTEGER32. For C<0>, this function returns a special value that is 0 but |
251 |
true. |
252 |
|
253 |
=item $bool = ber_is_oid $tuple, $oid_string |
254 |
|
255 |
Returns true if the C<$tuple> represents an ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
256 |
that exactly matches C<$oid_string>. Example: |
257 |
|
258 |
ber_is_oid $tuple, "1.3.6.1.4" |
259 |
or die "oid must be 1.3.6.1.4"; |
260 |
|
261 |
=item $oid = ber_is_oid $tuple |
262 |
|
263 |
Returns true (and extracts the OID string) if the C<$tuple> is an ASN |
264 |
OBJECT IDENTIFIER. Otherwise, it returns C<undef>. |
265 |
|
266 |
=back |
267 |
|
268 |
=head3 CONSTRUCTION HELPERS |
269 |
|
270 |
=over |
271 |
|
272 |
=item $tuple = ber_i32 $value |
273 |
|
274 |
Constructs a new C<ASN_INTEGER32> tuple. |
275 |
|
276 |
=back |
277 |
|
278 |
=head2 RELATIONSHIP TO L<Convert::BER> and L<Convert::ASN1> |
279 |
|
280 |
This module is I<not> the XS version of L<Convert::BER>, but a different |
281 |
take at doing the same thing. I imagine this module would be a good base |
282 |
for speeding up either of these, or write a similar module, or write your |
283 |
own LDAP or SNMP module for example. |
284 |
|
285 |
=cut |
286 |
|
287 |
package Convert::BER::XS; |
288 |
|
289 |
use common::sense; |
290 |
|
291 |
use XSLoader (); |
292 |
use Exporter qw(import); |
293 |
|
294 |
our $VERSION; |
295 |
|
296 |
BEGIN { |
297 |
$VERSION = 0.7; |
298 |
XSLoader::load __PACKAGE__, $VERSION; |
299 |
} |
300 |
|
301 |
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
302 |
const => [qw( |
303 |
BER_CLASS BER_TAG BER_CONSTRUCTED BER_DATA |
304 |
|
305 |
ASN_BOOLEAN ASN_INTEGER32 ASN_BIT_STRING ASN_OCTET_STRING ASN_NULL ASN_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER |
306 |
ASN_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR ASN_OID ASN_EXTERNAL ASN_REAL ASN_SEQUENCE ASN_ENUMERATED |
307 |
ASN_EMBEDDED_PDV ASN_UTF8_STRING ASN_RELATIVE_OID ASN_SET ASN_NUMERIC_STRING |
308 |
ASN_PRINTABLE_STRING ASN_TELETEX_STRING ASN_T61_STRING ASN_VIDEOTEX_STRING ASN_IA5_STRING |
309 |
ASN_ASCII_STRING ASN_UTC_TIME ASN_GENERALIZED_TIME ASN_GRAPHIC_STRING ASN_VISIBLE_STRING |
310 |
ASN_ISO646_STRING ASN_GENERAL_STRING ASN_UNIVERSAL_STRING ASN_CHARACTER_STRING ASN_BMP_STRING |
311 |
|
312 |
ASN_UNIVERSAL ASN_APPLICATION ASN_CONTEXT ASN_PRIVATE |
313 |
|
314 |
BER_TYPE_BYTES BER_TYPE_UTF8 BER_TYPE_UCS2 BER_TYPE_UCS4 BER_TYPE_INT |
315 |
BER_TYPE_OID BER_TYPE_RELOID BER_TYPE_NULL BER_TYPE_BOOL BER_TYPE_REAL |
316 |
BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS BER_TYPE_CROAK |
317 |
)], |
318 |
const_snmp => [qw( |
319 |
SNMP_IPADDRESS SNMP_COUNTER32 SNMP_UNSIGNED32 SNMP_TIMETICKS SNMP_OPAQUE SNMP_COUNTER64 |
320 |
)], |
321 |
encode => [qw( |
322 |
ber_decode |
323 |
ber_is ber_is_seq ber_is_i32 ber_is_oid |
324 |
)], |
325 |
decode => [qw( |
326 |
ber_encode |
327 |
ber_i32 |
328 |
)], |
329 |
); |
330 |
|
331 |
our @EXPORT_OK = map @$_, values %EXPORT_TAGS; |
332 |
|
333 |
$EXPORT_TAGS{all} = \@EXPORT_OK; |
334 |
|
335 |
=head1 PROFILES |
336 |
|
337 |
While any BER data can be correctly encoded and decoded out of the box, it |
338 |
can be inconvenient to have to manually decode some values into a "better" |
339 |
format: for instance, SNMP TimeTicks values are decoded into the raw octet |
340 |
strings of their BER representation, which is quite hard to decode. With |
341 |
profiles, you can change which class/tag combinations map to which decoder |
342 |
function inside C<ber_decode> (and of course also which encoder functions |
343 |
are used in C<ber_encode>). |
344 |
|
345 |
This works by mapping specific class/tag combinations to an internal "ber |
346 |
type". |
347 |
|
348 |
The default profile supports the standard ASN.1 types, but no |
349 |
application-specific ones. This means that class/tag combinations not in |
350 |
the base set of ASN.1 are decoded into their raw octet strings. |
351 |
|
352 |
C<Convert::BER::XS> defines two profile variables you cna use out of the box: |
353 |
|
354 |
=over |
355 |
|
356 |
=item C<$Convert::BER::XS::DEFAULT_PROFILE> |
357 |
|
358 |
This is the default profile, i.e. the profile that is used when no |
359 |
profile is specified for de-/encoding. |
360 |
|
361 |
You cna modify it, but remember that this modifies the defaults for all |
362 |
callers that rely on the defauit profile. |
363 |
|
364 |
=item C<$Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE> |
365 |
|
366 |
A profile with mappings for SNMP-specific application tags added. This is |
367 |
useful when de-/encoding SNMP data. |
368 |
|
369 |
Example: |
370 |
$ber = ber_decode $data, $Convert::BER::XS::SNMP_PROFILE; |
371 |
|
372 |
=back |
373 |
|
374 |
=head2 The Convert::BER::XS::Profile class |
375 |
|
376 |
=over |
377 |
|
378 |
=item $profile = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile |
379 |
|
380 |
Create a new profile. The profile will be identical to the default |
381 |
profile. |
382 |
|
383 |
=item $profile->set ($class, $tag, $type) |
384 |
|
385 |
Sets the mapping for the given C<$class>/C<$tag> combination to C<$type>, |
386 |
which must be one of the C<BER_TYPE_*> constants. |
387 |
|
388 |
Note that currently, the mapping is stored in a flat array, so large |
389 |
values of C<$tag> will consume large amounts of memory. |
390 |
|
391 |
Example: |
392 |
$profile = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
393 |
$profile->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER32, BER_TYPE_INT); |
394 |
$ber = ber_decode $data, $profile; |
395 |
|
396 |
=item $type = $profile->get ($class, $tag) |
397 |
|
398 |
Returns the BER type mapped to the given C<$class>/C<$tag> combination. |
399 |
|
400 |
=back |
401 |
|
402 |
=head2 BER TYPES |
403 |
|
404 |
This lists the predefined BER types - you can map any C<CLASS>/C<TAG> |
405 |
combination to any C<BER_TYPE_*>. |
406 |
|
407 |
=over |
408 |
|
409 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_BYTES> |
410 |
|
411 |
The raw octets of the value. This is the default type for unknown tags and |
412 |
de-/encodes the value as if it were an octet string, i.e. by copying the |
413 |
raw bytes. |
414 |
|
415 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_UTF8> |
416 |
|
417 |
Like C<BER_TYPE_BYTES>, but decodes the value as if it were a UTF-8 string |
418 |
(without validation!) and encodes a perl unicode string into a UTF-8 BER |
419 |
string. |
420 |
|
421 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_UCS2> |
422 |
|
423 |
Similar to C<BER_TYPE_UTF8>, but treats the BER value as UCS-2 encoded |
424 |
string. |
425 |
|
426 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_UCS4> |
427 |
|
428 |
Similar to C<BER_TYPE_UTF8>, but treats the BER value as UCS-4 encoded |
429 |
string. |
430 |
|
431 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_INT> |
432 |
|
433 |
Encodes and decodes a BER integer value to a perl integer scalar. This |
434 |
should correctly handle 64 bit signed and unsigned values. |
435 |
|
436 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_OID> |
437 |
|
438 |
Encodes and decodes an OBJECT IDENTIFIER into dotted form without leading |
439 |
dot, e.g. C<1.3.6.1.213>. |
440 |
|
441 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_RELOID> |
442 |
|
443 |
Same as C<BER_TYPE_OID> but uses relative OID encoding: ASN.1 has this |
444 |
hack of encoding the first two OID components into a single integer in a |
445 |
weird attempt to save an insignificant amount of space in an otherwise |
446 |
wasteful encoding, and relative OIDs are basically OIDs without this |
447 |
hack. The practical difference is that the second component of an OID |
448 |
can only have the values 1..40, while relative OIDs do not have this |
449 |
restriction. |
450 |
|
451 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_NULL> |
452 |
|
453 |
Decodes an C<ASN_NULL> value into C<undef>, and always encodes a |
454 |
C<ASN_NULL> type, regardless of the perl value. |
455 |
|
456 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_BOOL> |
457 |
|
458 |
Decodes an C<ASN_BOOLEAN> value into C<0> or C<1>, and encodes a perl |
459 |
boolean value into an C<ASN_BOOLEAN>. |
460 |
|
461 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_REAL> |
462 |
|
463 |
Decodes/encodes a BER real value. NOT IMPLEMENTED. |
464 |
|
465 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS> |
466 |
|
467 |
Decodes/encodes a four byte string into an IOv4 dotted-quad address string |
468 |
in perl. Given ther obsolete nature of this type, this is a low-effort |
469 |
implementation that simply uses C<sprintf> and C<sscanf>-style conversion, |
470 |
so it won't handle all string forms supported by C<inet_aton>. |
471 |
|
472 |
=item C<BER_TYPE_CROAK> |
473 |
|
474 |
Always croaks when encountered during encoding or decoding - the |
475 |
default behaviour when encountering an unknown type is to treat it as |
476 |
C<BER_TYPE_BYTES>. When you don't want that but instead prefer a hard |
477 |
error for some types, then CyBER_TYPE_CROAK> is for you. |
478 |
|
479 |
=back |
480 |
|
481 |
=cut |
482 |
|
483 |
our $DEFAULT_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
484 |
our $SNMP_PROFILE = new Convert::BER::XS::Profile; |
485 |
|
486 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_IPADDRESS , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
487 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER32 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
488 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_UNSIGNED32, BER_TYPE_INT); |
489 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_TIMETICKS , BER_TYPE_INT); |
490 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_OPAQUE , BER_TYPE_IPADDRESS); |
491 |
$SNMP_PROFILE->set (ASN_APPLICATION, SNMP_COUNTER64 , BER_TYPE_INT); |
492 |
|
493 |
$DEFAULT_PROFILE->_set_default; |
494 |
|
495 |
1; |
496 |
|
497 |
=head2 LIMITATIONS |
498 |
|
499 |
This module can only en-/decode 64 bit signed and unsigned integers, and |
500 |
only when your perl supports those. |
501 |
|
502 |
OBJECT IDENTIFIEERS cannot have unlimited length, although the limit is |
503 |
much larger than e.g. the one imposed by SNMP or other protocols. |
504 |
|
505 |
REAL values are not supported and will croak. |
506 |
|
507 |
This module has undergone little to no testing so far. |
508 |
|
509 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
510 |
|
511 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
512 |
http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/Convert-BER-XS |
513 |
|
514 |
=cut |
515 |
|