[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.134 by root, Sat Sep 22 14:42:56 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.224 by root, Wed Nov 19 05:52:42 2008 UTC

…		…
2		2
3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction	3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use Coro;	7	use Coro;
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
		11	print "2\n";
		12	cede; # yield back to main
		13	print "4\n";
11	};	14	};
12		15	print "1\n";
13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:	16	cede; # yield to coroutine
14		17	print "3\n";
15	sub some_func : Coro {	18	cede; # and again
16	# some more async code	19
17	}	20	# use locking
18		21	use Coro::Semaphore;
19	cede;	22	my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
		23	my $locked;
		24
		25	$lock->down;
		26	$locked = 1;
		27	$lock->up;
20		28
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	29	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		30
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar	31	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to
24	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP	32	threads but don't (in general) run in parallel at the same time even
25	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also	33	on SMP machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module
26	guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless	34	also guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
27	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and	35	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
28	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much	36	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
29	safer than threads programming.	37	safer and easier than threads programming.
30		38
31	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a	39	Unlike a normal perl program, however, coroutines allow you to have
32	very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This	40	multiple running interpreters that share data, which is especially useful
33	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).	41	to code pseudo-parallel processes and for event-based programming, such as
		42	multiple HTTP-GET requests running concurrently. See L<Coro::AnyEvent> to
		43	learn more.
		44
		45	Coroutines are also useful because Perl has no support for threads (the so
		46	called "threads" that perl offers are nothing more than the (bad) process
		47	emulation coming from the Windows platform: On standard operating systems
		48	they serve no purpose whatsoever, except by making your programs slow and
		49	making them use a lot of memory. Best disable them when building perl, or
		50	aks your software vendor/distributor to do it for you).
34		51
35	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +	52	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
36	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,	53	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
37	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global	54	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
38	variables.	55	variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
39		56
40	=cut	57	=cut
41		58
42	package Coro;	59	package Coro;
43		60
44	use strict;	61	use strict qw(vars subs);
45	no warnings "uninitialized";	62	no warnings "uninitialized";
46		63
47	use Coro::State;	64	use Coro::State;
48		65
49	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);	66	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
50		67
51	our $idle; # idle handler	68	our $idle; # idle handler
52	our $main; # main coroutine	69	our $main; # main coroutine
53	our $current; # current coroutine	70	our $current; # current coroutine
54		71
55	our $VERSION = '3.7';	72	our $VERSION = 5.0;
56		73
57	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);	74	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
58	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (	75	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
59	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	76	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
60	);	77	);
61	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));	78	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
62		79
63	{
64	my @async;
65	my $init;
66
67	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
68	sub import {
69	no strict 'refs';
70
71	Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
72
73	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
74	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
75	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
76	my @attrs;
77	for (@_) {
78	if ($_ eq "Coro") {
79	push @async, $ref;
80	unless ($init++) {
81	eval q{
82	sub INIT {
83	&async(pop @async) while @async;
84	}
85	};
86	}
87	} else {
88	push @attrs, $_;
89	}
90	}
91	return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs;
92	};
93	}
94
95	}
96
97	=over 4	80	=over 4
98		81
99	=item $main	82	=item $Coro::main
100		83
101	This coroutine represents the main program.	84	This variable stores the coroutine object that represents the main
		85	program. While you cna C<ready> it and do most other things you can do to
		86	coroutines, it is mainly useful to compare again C<$Coro::current>, to see
		87	whether you are running in the main program or not.
102		88
103	=cut	89	=cut
104		90
105	$main = new Coro;	91	# $main is now being initialised by Coro::State
106		92
107	=item $current (or as function: current)	93	=item $Coro::current
108		94
109	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value	95	The coroutine object representing the current coroutine (the last
		96	coroutine that the Coro scheduler switched to). The initial value is
110	is C<$main> (of course).	97	C<$Coro::main> (of course).
111		98
112	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance	99	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. You can take copies of the
113	reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the	100	value stored in it and use it as any other coroutine object, but you must
114	C<Coro::current> function instead.	101	not otherwise modify the variable itself.
115		102
116	=cut	103	=cut
117		104
118	$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
119
120	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
121	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific}
122	if $current;
123
124	_set_current $main;
125
126	sub current() { $current }	105	sub current() { $current } # [DEPRECATED]
127		106
128	=item $idle	107	=item $Coro::idle
129		108
130	A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines	109	This variable is mainly useful to integrate Coro into event loops. It is
131	to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and	110	usually better to rely on L<Coro::AnyEvent> or LC<Coro::EV>, as this is
132	exits, because the program has no other way to continue.	111	pretty low-level functionality.
		112
		113	This variable stores a callback that is called whenever the scheduler
		114	finds no ready coroutines to run. The default implementation prints
		115	"FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits, because the program has no other way
		116	to continue.
133		117
134	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and	118	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
135	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a	119	C<Coro::AnyEvent> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
136	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.	120	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
137		121
		122	Note that the callback I<must not>, under any circumstances, block
		123	the current coroutine. Normally, this is achieved by having an "idle
		124	coroutine" that calls the event loop and then blocks again, and then
		125	readying that coroutine in the idle handler.
		126
		127	See L<Coro::Event> or L<Coro::AnyEvent> for examples of using this
		128	technique.
		129
138	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event	130	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
139	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.	131	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
140		132
141	=cut	133	=cut
142		134
143	$idle = sub {	135	$idle = sub {
144	require Carp;	136	require Carp;
…		…
151	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed	143	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed
152	$self->_destroy	144	$self->_destroy
153	or return;	145	or return;
154		146
155	# call all destruction callbacks	147	# call all destruction callbacks
156	$_->(@{$self->{status}})	148	$_->(@{$self->{_status}})
157	for @{(delete $self->{destroy_cb}) \|\| []};	149	for @{ delete $self->{_on_destroy} \|\| [] };
158	}	150	}
159		151
160	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	152	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
161	# cannot destroy itself.	153	# cannot destroy itself.
162	my @destroy;	154	my @destroy;
…		…
168	while @destroy;	160	while @destroy;
169		161
170	&schedule;	162	&schedule;
171	}	163	}
172	};	164	};
173	$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");	165	$manager->{desc} = "[coro manager]";
174	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);	166	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
175		167
176	# static methods. not really.
177
178	=back	168	=back
179		169
180	=head2 STATIC METHODS	170	=head2 SIMPLE COROUTINE CREATION
181
182	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
183		171
184	=over 4	172	=over 4
185		173
186	=item async { ... } [@args...]	174	=item async { ... } [@args...]
187		175
188	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object	176	Create a new coroutine and return it's coroutine object (usually
189	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically	177	unused). The coroutine will be put into the ready queue, so
		178	it will start running automatically on the next scheduler run.
		179
		180	The first argument is a codeblock/closure that should be executed in the
		181	coroutine. When it returns argument returns the coroutine is automatically
190	terminated.	182	terminated.
		183
		184	The remaining arguments are passed as arguments to the closure.
		185
		186	See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
		187	environment in which coroutines are executed.
191		188
192	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside	189	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
193	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,	190	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
194	just as it would in the main program.	191	just as it would in the main program.
195		192
		193	If you do not want that, you can provide a default C<die> handler, or
		194	simply avoid dieing (by use of C<eval>).
		195
196	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	196	Example: Create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments.
		197
197	async {	198	async {
198	print "@_\n";	199	print "@_\n";
199	} 1,2,3,4;	200	} 1,2,3,4;
200		201
201	=cut	202	=cut
…		…
207	}	208	}
208		209
209	=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]	210	=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
210		211
211	Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call	212	Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
212	terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine	213	terminate or join on it (although you are allowed to), and you get a
213	that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).	214	coroutine that might have executed other code already (which can be good
		215	or bad :).
214		216
		217	On the plus side, this function is faster than creating (and destroying)
		218	a completly new coroutine, so if you need a lot of generic coroutines in
		219	quick successsion, use C<async_pool>, not C<async>.
		220
215	Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be	221	The code block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
216	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as	222	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
217	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>	223	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
218	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,	224	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
219	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.	225	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling (but is fine in the
		226	exceptional case).
220		227
221	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, otherwise the coroutine	228	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each run, tracing will be
222	will be re-used "as-is".	229	disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
		230	gets restored, so you can change all these. Otherwise the coroutine will
		231	be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
		232	stuff such as C<$/> you I<must needs> revert that change, which is most
		233	simply done by using local as in: C<< local $/ >>.
223		234
224	The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by	235	The idle pool size is limited to C<8> idle coroutines (this can be
225	changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as	236	adjusted by changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), but there can be as many non-idle
226	required.	237	coros as required.
227		238
228	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a	239	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
229	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool	240	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
230	{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In	241	{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
231	addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb	242	addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
232	(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.	243	(adjustable via $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also be destroyed.
233		244
234	=cut	245	=cut
235		246
236	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;	247	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
237	our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;	248	our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
…		…
241	my $cb;	252	my $cb;
242		253
243	while () {	254	while () {
244	eval {	255	eval {
245	while () {	256	while () {
246	$cb = &_pool_1	257	_pool_1 $cb;
247	or return;
248
249	&$cb;	258	&$cb;
250		259	_pool_2 $cb;
251	return if &_pool_2;
252
253	undef $cb;
254	schedule;	260	&schedule;
255	}	261	}
256	};	262	};
257		263
		264	if ($@) {
		265	last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
258	warn $@ if $@;	266	warn $@;
		267	}
259	}	268	}
260	}	269	}
261		270
262	sub async_pool(&@) {	271	sub async_pool(&@) {
263	# this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler	272	# this is also inlined into the unblock_scheduler
264	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;;	273	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
265		274
266	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];	275	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
267	$coro->ready;	276	$coro->ready;
268		277
269	$coro	278	$coro
270	}	279	}
271		280
		281	=back
		282
		283	=head2 STATIC METHODS
		284
		285	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine.
		286
		287	=over 4
		288
272	=item schedule	289	=item schedule
273		290
274	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put	291	Calls the scheduler. The scheduler will find the next coroutine that is
		292	to be run from the ready queue and switches to it. The next coroutine
		293	to be run is simply the one with the highest priority that is longest
		294	in its ready queue. If there is no coroutine ready, it will clal the
		295	C<$Coro::idle> hook.
		296
		297	Please note that the current coroutine will I<not> be put into the ready
275	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	298	queue, so calling this function usually means you will never be called
276	never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls	299	again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls C<< ->ready >>,
277	ready.	300	thus waking you up.
278		301
279	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:	302	This makes C<schedule> I<the> generic method to use to block the current
		303	coroutine and wait for events: first you remember the current coroutine in
		304	a variable, then arrange for some callback of yours to call C<< ->ready
		305	>> on that once some event happens, and last you call C<schedule> to put
		306	yourself to sleep. Note that a lot of things can wake your coroutine up,
		307	so you need to check whether the event indeed happened, e.g. by storing the
		308	status in a variable.
280		309
281	{	310	See B<HOW TO WAIT FOR A CALLBACK>, below, for some ways to wait for callbacks.
282	# remember current coroutine
283	my $current = $Coro::current;
284
285	# register a hypothetical event handler
286	on_event_invoke sub {
287	# wake up sleeping coroutine
288	$current->ready;
289	undef $current;
290	};
291
292	# call schedule until event occurred.
293	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
294	# (current still defined), loop.
295	Coro::schedule while $current;
296	}
297		311
298	=item cede	312	=item cede
299		313
300	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the	314	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into
301	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	315	the ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving
302	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	316	up the current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher
		317	priority. Once your coroutine gets its turn again it will automatically be
		318	resumed.
303		319
304	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.	320	This function is often called C<yield> in other languages.
305		321
306	=item Coro::cede_notself	322	=item Coro::cede_notself
307		323
308	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any	324	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to I<any>
309	coroutine, regardless of priority, once.	325	coroutine, regardless of priority. This is useful sometimes to ensure
310		326	progress is made.
311	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
312		327
313	=item terminate [arg...]	328	=item terminate [arg...]
314		329
315	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).	330	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
		331
		332	=item killall
		333
		334	Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
		335	one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
		336	usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
		337
		338	Note that while this will try to free some of the main programs resources,
		339	you cannot free all of them, so if a coroutine that is not the main
		340	program calls this function, there will be some one-time resource leak.
316		341
317	=cut	342	=cut
318		343
319	sub terminate {	344	sub terminate {
320	$current->cancel (@_);	345	$current->cancel (@_);
321	}	346	}
322		347
		348	sub killall {
		349	for (Coro::State::list) {
		350	$_->cancel
		351	if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
		352	}
		353	}
		354
323	=back	355	=back
324		356
325	# dynamic methods
326
327	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS	357	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
328		358
329	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.	359	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects (or to create
		360	them).
330		361
331	=over 4	362	=over 4
332		363
333	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	364	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
334		365
335	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine	366	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns, the coroutine
336	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were	367	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
337	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue	368	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready
338	by calling the ready method.	369	queue by calling the ready method.
339		370
340	See C<async> for additional discussion.	371	See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
		372	coroutine environment.
341		373
342	=cut	374	=cut
343		375
344	sub _run_coro {	376	sub _run_coro {
345	terminate &{+shift};	377	terminate &{+shift};
…		…
351	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)	383	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
352	}	384	}
353		385
354	=item $success = $coroutine->ready	386	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
355		387
356	Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)	388	Put the given coroutine into the end of its ready queue (there is one
357	and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing	389	queue for each priority) and return true. If the coroutine is already in
358	and return false.	390	the ready queue, do nothing and return false.
		391
		392	This ensures that the scheduler will resume this coroutine automatically
		393	once all the coroutines of higher priority and all coroutines of the same
		394	priority that were put into the ready queue earlier have been resumed.
359		395
360	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready	396	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
361		397
362	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,	398	Return whether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
363		399
364	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)	400	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
365		401
366	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as	402	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
367	status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the	403	status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
…		…
369		405
370	=cut	406	=cut
371		407
372	sub cancel {	408	sub cancel {
373	my $self = shift;	409	my $self = shift;
374	$self->{status} = [@_];	410	$self->{_status} = [@_];
375		411
376	if ($current == $self) {	412	if ($current == $self) {
377	push @destroy, $self;	413	push @destroy, $self;
378	$manager->ready;	414	$manager->ready;
379	&schedule while 1;	415	&schedule while 1;
380	} else {	416	} else {
381	$self->_cancel;	417	$self->_cancel;
382	}	418	}
383	}	419	}
384		420
		421	=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
		422
		423	If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
		424	inside the coroutine at the next convenient point in time. Otherwise
		425	clears the exception object.
		426
		427	Coro will check for the exception each time a schedule-like-function
		428	returns, i.e. after each C<schedule>, C<cede>, C<< Coro::Semaphore->down
		429	>>, C<< Coro::Handle->readable >> and so on. Most of these functions
		430	detect this case and return early in case an exception is pending.
		431
		432	The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
		433	C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
		434	(unlike with C<die>).
		435
		436	This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
		437	end itself, although there is no guarantee that the exception will lead to
		438	termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
		439	program.
		440
		441	You might also think of C<throw> as being the moral equivalent of
		442	C<kill>ing a coroutine with a signal (in this case, a scalar).
		443
385	=item $coroutine->join	444	=item $coroutine->join
386		445
387	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the	446	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
388	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times	447	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
389	from multiple coroutine.	448	from multiple coroutines, and all will be resumed and given the status
		449	return once the C<$coroutine> terminates.
390		450
391	=cut	451	=cut
392		452
393	sub join {	453	sub join {
394	my $self = shift;	454	my $self = shift;
395		455
396	unless ($self->{status}) {	456	unless ($self->{_status}) {
397	my $current = $current;	457	my $current = $current;
398		458
399	push @{$self->{destroy_cb}}, sub {	459	push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
400	$current->ready;	460	$current->ready;
401	undef $current;	461	undef $current;
402	};	462	};
403		463
404	&schedule while $current;	464	&schedule while $current;
405	}	465	}
406		466
407	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];	467	wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
408	}	468	}
409		469
410	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)	470	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
411		471
412	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,	472	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
413	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,	473	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
414	if any.	474	if any, and I<must not> die, under any circumstances.
415		475
416	=cut	476	=cut
417		477
418	sub on_destroy {	478	sub on_destroy {
419	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	479	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
420		480
421	push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb;	481	push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
422	}	482	}
423		483
424	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)	484	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
425		485
426	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the	486	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
…		…
449	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).	509	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
450		510
451	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)	511	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
452		512
453	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this	513	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
454	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.	514	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a
		515	coroutine.
		516
		517	This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given
		518	string. You can modify this member directly if you wish.
455		519
456	=cut	520	=cut
457		521
458	sub desc {	522	sub desc {
459	my $old = $_[0]{desc};	523	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
…		…
468	=over 4	532	=over 4
469		533
470	=item Coro::nready	534	=item Coro::nready
471		535
472	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,	536	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
473	i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable	537	i.e. that can be switched to by calling C<schedule> directory or
		538	indirectly. The value C<0> means that the only runnable coroutine is the
474	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,	539	currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect, and C<schedule>
475	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler	540	would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler that wakes up some
476	that wakes up some coroutines.	541	coroutines.
477		542
478	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }	543	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
479		544
480	This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object	545	This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
481	gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be	546	gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
…		…
510		575
511		576
512	=item unblock_sub { ... }	577	=item unblock_sub { ... }
513		578
514	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,	579	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
515	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return	580	returning a new coderef. Unblocking means that calling the new coderef
516	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code	581	will return immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the
517	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.	582	original code ref will be called (with parameters) from within another
		583	coroutine.
518		584
519	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the	585	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
520	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form	586	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
521	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,	587	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
522	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.	588	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse. The only event library
		589	currently known that is safe to use without C<unblock_sub> is L<EV>.
523		590
524	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another	591	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
525	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy	592	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
526	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to	593	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
527	disk.	594	disk, for example.
528		595
529	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when	596	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
530	creating event callbacks that want to block.	597	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		598
		599	If your handler does not plan to block (e.g. simply sends a message to
		600	another coroutine, or puts some other coroutine into the ready queue),
		601	there is no reason to use C<unblock_sub>.
		602
		603	Note that you also need to use C<unblock_sub> for any other callbacks that
		604	are indirectly executed by any C-based event loop. For example, when you
		605	use a module that uses L<AnyEvent> (and you use L<Coro::AnyEvent>) and it
		606	provides callbacks that are the result of some event callback, then you
		607	must not block either, or use C<unblock_sub>.
531		608
532	=cut	609	=cut
533		610
534	our @unblock_queue;	611	our @unblock_queue;
535		612
…		…
548	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool	625	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
549	}	626	}
550	schedule; # sleep well	627	schedule; # sleep well
551	}	628	}
552	};	629	};
553	$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");	630	$unblock_scheduler->{desc} = "[unblock_sub scheduler]";
554		631
555	sub unblock_sub(&) {	632	sub unblock_sub(&) {
556	my $cb = shift;	633	my $cb = shift;
557		634
558	sub {	635	sub {
559	unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];	636	unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
560	$unblock_scheduler->ready;	637	$unblock_scheduler->ready;
561	}	638	}
562	}	639	}
563		640
		641	=item $cb = Coro::rouse_cb
		642
		643	Create and return a "rouse callback". That's a code reference that, when
		644	called, will save its arguments and notify the owner coroutine of the
		645	callback.
		646
		647	See the next function.
		648
		649	=item @args = Coro::rouse_wait [$cb]
		650
		651	Wait for the specified rouse callback (or the last one tht was created in
		652	this coroutine).
		653
		654	As soon as the callback is invoked (or when the calback was invoked before
		655	C<rouse_wait>), it will return a copy of the arguments originally passed
		656	to the rouse callback.
		657
		658	See the section B<HOW TO WAIT FOR A CALLBACK> for an actual usage example.
		659
564	=back	660	=back
565		661
566	=cut	662	=cut
567		663
568	1;	664	1;
569		665
		666	=head1 HOW TO WAIT FOR A CALLBACK
		667
		668	It is very common for a coroutine to wait for some callback to be
		669	called. This occurs naturally when you use coroutines in an otherwise
		670	event-based program, or when you use event-based libraries.
		671
		672	These typically register a callback for some event, and call that callback
		673	when the event occured. In a coroutine, however, you typically want to
		674	just wait for the event, simplyifying things.
		675
		676	For example C<< AnyEvent->child >> registers a callback to be called when
		677	a specific child has exited:
		678
		679	my $child_watcher = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub { ... });
		680
		681	But from withina coroutine, you often just want to write this:
		682
		683	my $status = wait_for_child $pid;
		684
		685	Coro offers two functions specifically designed to make this easy,
		686	C<Coro::rouse_cb> and C<Coro::rouse_wait>.
		687
		688	The first function, C<rouse_cb>, generates and returns a callback that,
		689	when invoked, will save it's arguments and notify the coroutine that
		690	created the callback.
		691
		692	The second function, C<rouse_wait>, waits for the callback to be called
		693	(by calling C<schedule> to go to sleep) and returns the arguments
		694	originally passed to the callback.
		695
		696	Using these functions, it becomes easy to write the C<wait_for_child>
		697	function mentioned above:
		698
		699	sub wait_for_child($) {
		700	my ($pid) = @_;
		701
		702	my $watcher = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => Coro::rouse_cb);
		703
		704	my ($rpid, $rstatus) = Coro::rouse_wait;
		705	$rstatus
		706	}
		707
		708	In the case where C<rouse_cb> and C<rouse_wait> are not flexible enough,
		709	you can roll your own, using C<schedule>:
		710
		711	sub wait_for_child($) {
		712	my ($pid) = @_;
		713
		714	# store the current coroutine in $current,
		715	# and provide result variables for the closure passed to ->child
		716	my $current = $Coro::current;
		717	my ($done, $rstatus);
		718
		719	# pass a closure to ->child
		720	my $watcher = AnyEvent->child (pid => $pid, cb => sub {
		721	$rstatus = $_[1]; # remember rstatus
		722	$done = 1; # mark $rstatus as valud
		723	});
		724
		725	# wait until the closure has been called
		726	schedule while !$done;
		727
		728	$rstatus
		729	}
		730
		731
570	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	732	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
571		733
572	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global	734	=over 4
573	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
574		735
		736	=item fork with pthread backend
		737
		738	When Coro is compiled using the pthread backend (which isn't recommended
		739	but required on many BSDs as their libcs are completely broken), then
		740	coroutines will not survive a fork. There is no known workaround except to
		741	fix your libc and use a saner backend.
		742
		743	=item perl process emulation ("threads")
		744
575	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module	745	This module is not perl-pseudo-thread-safe. You should only ever use this
576	from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future	746	module from the same thread (this requirement might be removed in the
577	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow	747	future to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
578	this).	748	this). I recommend disabling thread support and using processes, as having
		749	the windows process emulation enabled under unix roughly halves perl
		750	performance, even when not used.
		751
		752	=item coroutine switching not signal safe
		753
		754	You must not switch to another coroutine from within a signal handler
		755	(only relevant with %SIG - most event libraries provide safe signals).
		756
		757	That means you I<MUST NOT> call any function that might "block" the
		758	current coroutine - C<cede>, C<schedule> C<< Coro::Semaphore->down >> or
		759	anything that calls those. Everything else, including calling C<ready>,
		760	works.
		761
		762	=back
		763
579		764
580	=head1 SEE ALSO	765	=head1 SEE ALSO
581		766
		767	Event-Loop integration: L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>.
		768
		769	Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
		770
582	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.	771	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
583		772
584	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.	773	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
585		774
586	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.	775	IO/Timers: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::AIO>.
587		776
588	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>	777	Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::BDB>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
		778
		779	XS API: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
		780
		781	Low level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
589		782
590	=head1 AUTHOR	783	=head1 AUTHOR
591		784
592	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	785	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
593	http://home.schmorp.de/	786	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.134 by root, Sat Sep 22 14:42:56 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.224 by root, Wed Nov 19 05:52:42 2008 UTC

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.134 by root, Sat Sep 22 14:42:56 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.224 by root, Wed Nov 19 05:52:42 2008 UTC