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Revision 1.78 by root, Wed Nov 1 01:21:21 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.152 by root, Sun Oct 7 13:53:37 2007 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
35use strict; 51use strict;
36no warnings "uninitialized"; 52no warnings "uninitialized";
37 53
38use Coro::State; 54use Coro::State;
39 55
40use base Exporter::; 56use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
41 57
42our $idle; # idle coroutine 58our $idle; # idle handler
43our $main; # main coroutine 59our $main; # main coroutine
44our $current; # current coroutine 60our $current; # current coroutine
45 61
46our $VERSION = '2.1'; 62our $VERSION = '4.1';
47 63
48our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
49our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
50 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
51); 67);
52our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
53 69
54{ 70{
55 my @async; 71 my @async;
56 my $init; 72 my $init;
57 73
58 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
59 sub import { 75 sub import {
60 no strict 'refs'; 76 no strict 'refs';
61 77
62 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
63 79
64 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
65 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
66 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
67 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
95 111
96$main = new Coro; 112$main = new Coro;
97 113
98=item $current (or as function: current) 114=item $current (or as function: current)
99 115
100The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
117is C<$main> (of course).
101 118
119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
121C<Coro::current> function instead.
122
102=cut 123=cut
124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
103 126
104# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
105if ($current) {
106 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
107} 129 if $current;
108 130
109$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
110 132
111sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
112 134
113=item $idle 135=item $idle
114 136
115The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default 137A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
116implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. 138to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
139exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
117 140
118=cut 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
119 144
120# should be done using priorities :( 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
121$idle = new Coro sub { 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
122 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 147
123 exit(51); 148=cut
149
150$idle = sub {
151 require Carp;
152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
124}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
125 166
126# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
127# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
128my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
129my $manager; 170my $manager;
171
130$manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
131 while () { 173 while () {
132 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
133 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
134 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
135 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
136 # remove itself from the runqueue
137 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
138 my $coro = pop @destroy;
139 $coro->{status} ||= [];
140 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
141 176
142 # the next line destroys the _coro_state, but keeps the
143 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
144 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
145 # to transfer() to this process).
146 $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state};
147 }
148 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
149 } 178 }
150}; 179};
180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
151 182
152# static methods. not really. 183# static methods. not really.
153 184
154=back 185=back
155 186
156=head2 STATIC METHODS 187=head2 STATIC METHODS
157 188
158Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 189Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
159 190
160=over 4 191=over 4
161 192
162=item async { ... } [@args...] 193=item async { ... } [@args...]
163 194
164Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 195Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
165(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 196(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
166terminated. 197terminated.
198
199See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
200environment in which coroutines run.
201
202Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
203the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
204just as it would in the main program.
167 205
168 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 206 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
169 async { 207 async {
170 print "@_\n"; 208 print "@_\n";
171 } 1,2,3,4; 209 } 1,2,3,4;
172 210
173=cut 211=cut
174 212
175sub async(&@) { 213sub async(&@) {
176 my $pid = new Coro @_; 214 my $coro = new Coro @_;
177 $manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
178 $pid->ready; 215 $coro->ready;
179 $pid; 216 $coro
217}
218
219=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
220
221Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
222terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
223that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
224
225Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
226issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
227C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
228will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
229which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
230
231The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
232disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
233gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
234be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
235stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
236done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
237
238The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
239changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
240required.
241
242If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
243single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
244{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
245addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
246(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
247
248=cut
249
250our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
251our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
252our @async_pool;
253
254sub pool_handler {
255 my $cb;
256
257 while () {
258 eval {
259 while () {
260 _pool_1 $cb;
261 &$cb;
262 _pool_2 $cb;
263 &schedule;
264 }
265 };
266
267 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
268 warn $@ if $@;
269 }
270}
271
272sub async_pool(&@) {
273 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
274 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
275
276 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
277 $coro->ready;
278
279 $coro
180} 280}
181 281
182=item schedule 282=item schedule
183 283
184Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 284Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
185into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 285into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
186never be called again. 286never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
287ready.
187 288
188=cut 289The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
290
291 {
292 # remember current coroutine
293 my $current = $Coro::current;
294
295 # register a hypothetical event handler
296 on_event_invoke sub {
297 # wake up sleeping coroutine
298 $current->ready;
299 undef $current;
300 };
301
302 # call schedule until event occurred.
303 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
304 # (current still defined), loop.
305 Coro::schedule while $current;
306 }
189 307
190=item cede 308=item cede
191 309
192"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 310"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
193ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 311ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
194current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 312current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
195 313
196=cut 314Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
315
316=item Coro::cede_notself
317
318Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
319coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
320
321Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
197 322
198=item terminate [arg...] 323=item terminate [arg...]
199 324
200Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 325Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
326
327=item killall
328
329Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
330one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
331usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
201 332
202=cut 333=cut
203 334
204sub terminate { 335sub terminate {
205 $current->cancel (@_); 336 $current->cancel (@_);
206} 337}
207 338
339sub killall {
340 for (Coro::State::list) {
341 $_->cancel
342 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
343 }
344}
345
208=back 346=back
209 347
210# dynamic methods 348# dynamic methods
211 349
212=head2 PROCESS METHODS 350=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
213 351
214These are the methods you can call on process objects. 352These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
215 353
216=over 4 354=over 4
217 355
218=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 356=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
219 357
220Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 358Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
221automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 359automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
222called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 360called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
223by calling the ready method. 361by calling the ready method.
224 362
225=cut 363See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
364coroutine environment.
226 365
366=cut
367
227sub _newcoro { 368sub _run_coro {
228 terminate &{+shift}; 369 terminate &{+shift};
229} 370}
230 371
231sub new { 372sub new {
232 my $class = shift; 373 my $class = shift;
233 bless {
234 _coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
235 }, $class;
236}
237 374
238=item $process->ready 375 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
376}
239 377
240Put the given process into the ready queue. 378=item $success = $coroutine->ready
241 379
242=cut 380Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
381and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
382and return false.
243 383
384=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
385
386Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
387
244=item $process->cancel (arg...) 388=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
245 389
246Temrinates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 390Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
247status (default: the empty list). 391status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
392current coroutine.
248 393
249=cut 394=cut
250 395
251sub cancel { 396sub cancel {
252 my $self = shift; 397 my $self = shift;
253 $self->{status} = [@_]; 398 $self->{_status} = [@_];
399
400 if ($current == $self) {
254 push @destroy, $self; 401 push @destroy, $self;
255 $manager->ready; 402 $manager->ready;
256 &schedule if $current == $self; 403 &schedule while 1;
404 } else {
405 $self->_cancel;
406 }
257} 407}
258 408
259=item $process->join 409=item $coroutine->join
260 410
261Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 411Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
262C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 412C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
263from multiple processes. 413from multiple coroutines.
264 414
265=cut 415=cut
266 416
267sub join { 417sub join {
268 my $self = shift; 418 my $self = shift;
419
269 unless ($self->{status}) { 420 unless ($self->{_status}) {
270 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 421 my $current = $current;
271 &schedule; 422
423 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
424 $current->ready;
425 undef $current;
426 };
427
428 &schedule while $current;
272 } 429 }
430
273 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 431 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
274} 432}
275 433
434=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
435
436Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
437but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
438if any.
439
440=cut
441
442sub on_destroy {
443 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
444
445 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
446}
447
276=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) 448=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
277 449
278Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 450Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
279process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 451coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
280processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 452coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
281that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 453that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
282to get then): 454to get then):
283 455
284 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 456 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
285 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 457 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
288 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 460 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
289 461
290The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 462The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
291existing coroutine. 463existing coroutine.
292 464
293Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 465Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
294but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 466but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
295running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 467running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
296process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 468coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
297 469
298=cut
299
300sub prio {
301 my $old = $_[0]{prio};
302 $_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
303 $old;
304}
305
306=item $newprio = $process->nice($change) 470=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
307 471
308Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 472Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
309higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 473higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
310 474
311=cut
312
313sub nice {
314 $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];
315}
316
317=item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) 475=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
318 476
319Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 477Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
320process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 478coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
479
480This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
481can modify this member directly if you wish.
482
483=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
484
485If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
486inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
487it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
488exception object.
489
490The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
491C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
492(unlike with C<die>).
493
494This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
495end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
496termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
497program.
321 498
322=cut 499=cut
323 500
324sub desc { 501sub desc {
325 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 502 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
327 $old; 504 $old;
328} 505}
329 506
330=back 507=back
331 508
509=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
510
511=over 4
512
513=item Coro::nready
514
515Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
516i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
517coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
518and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
519that wakes up some coroutines.
520
521=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
522
523This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
524gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
525executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
526runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
527guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
528C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
529
530Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
531or the function returns:
532
533 sub do_something {
534 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
535 $busy = 1;
536
537 # do something that requires $busy to be true
538 }
539
540=cut
541
542sub guard(&) {
543 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
544}
545
546sub Coro::guard::cancel {
547 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
548}
549
550sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
551 ${$_[0]}->();
552}
553
554
555=item unblock_sub { ... }
556
557This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
558returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
559immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
560ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
561
562The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
563venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
564of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
565otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
566
567This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
568coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
569is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
570disk.
571
572In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
573creating event callbacks that want to block.
574
575=cut
576
577our @unblock_queue;
578
579# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
580# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
581# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
582# inside an event callback.
583our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
584 while () {
585 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
586 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
587 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
588
589 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
590 $coro->ready;
591 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
592 }
593 schedule; # sleep well
594 }
595};
596$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
597
598sub unblock_sub(&) {
599 my $cb = shift;
600
601 sub {
602 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
603 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
604 }
605}
606
607=back
608
332=cut 609=cut
333 610
3341; 6111;
335 612
336=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 613=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
337 614
338 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 615 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
339 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 616 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
340 617
341 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 618 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
342 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 619 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
343 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 620 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
344 this). 621 this).
345 622
346=head1 SEE ALSO 623=head1 SEE ALSO
347 624
625Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
626
627Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
628
348Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. 629Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
349 630
350Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. 631Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
351 632
352Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. 633Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
353 634
635Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
636
354Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> 637Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>.
355 638
356=head1 AUTHOR 639=head1 AUTHOR
357 640
358 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 641 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
359 http://home.schmorp.de/ 642 http://home.schmorp.de/

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