[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.29 by root, Sat Aug 11 00:37:31 2001 UTC vs.
Revision 1.220 by root, Sun Nov 16 11:12:57 2008 UTC

…		…
2		2
3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction	3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use Coro;	7	use Coro;
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
		11	print "2\n";
		12	cede; # yield back to main
		13	print "4\n";
11	};	14	};
12		15	print "1\n";
13	# alternatively create an async process like this:	16	cede; # yield to coroutine
14		17	print "3\n";
15	sub some_func : Coro {	18	cede; # and again
16	# some more async code	19
17	}	20	# use locking
18		21	use Coro::Semaphore;
19	cede;	22	my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
		23	my $locked;
		24
		25	$lock->down;
		26	$locked = 1;
		27	$lock->up;
20		28
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	29	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		30
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to	31	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to
24	Threads but don't run in parallel.	32	threads but don't (in general) run in parallel at the same time even
		33	on SMP machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module
		34	also guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
		35	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
		36	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
		37	safer and easier than threads programming.
25		38
26	This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below.	39	Unlike a normal perl program, however, coroutines allow you to have
		40	multiple running interpreters that share data, which is especially useful
		41	to code pseudo-parallel processes and for event-based programming, such as
		42	multiple HTTP-GET requests running concurrently. See L<Coro::AnyEvent> to
		43	learn more.
27		44
		45	Coroutines are also useful because Perl has no support for threads (the so
		46	called "threads" that perl offers are nothing more than the (bad) process
		47	emulation coming from the Windows platform: On standard operating systems
		48	they serve no purpose whatsoever, except by making your programs slow and
		49	making them use a lot of memory. Best disable them when building perl, or
		50	aks your software vendor/distributor to do it for you).
		51
28	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables	52	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
29	+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own	53	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
30	callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most	54	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
31	important global variables.	55	variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
32		56
33	=cut	57	=cut
34		58
35	package Coro;	59	package Coro;
36		60
		61	use strict qw(vars subs);
		62	no warnings "uninitialized";
		63
37	use Coro::State;	64	use Coro::State;
38		65
39	use base Exporter;	66	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
40		67
41	$VERSION = 0.45;	68	our $idle; # idle handler
		69	our $main; # main coroutine
		70	our $current; # current coroutine
42		71
		72	our $VERSION = 5.0;
		73
43	@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current);	74	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
44	@EXPORT_OK = qw($current);	75	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
		76	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
		77	);
		78	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
45		79
46	{	80	=over 4
47	my @async;
48	my $init;
49		81
50	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
51	sub import {
52	Coro->export_to_level(1, @_);
53	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
54	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
55	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
56	my @attrs;
57	for (@_) {
58	if ($_ eq "Coro") {
59	push @async, $ref;
60	unless ($init++) {
61	eval q{
62	sub INIT {
63	&async(pop @async) while @async;
64	}
65	};
66	}
67	} else {
68	push @attrs, $_;
69	}
70	}
71	return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs;
72	};
73	}
74
75	}
76
77	=item $main	82	=item $Coro::main
78		83
79	This coroutine represents the main program.	84	This variable stores the coroutine object that represents the main
		85	program. While you cna C<ready> it and do most other things you can do to
		86	coroutines, it is mainly useful to compare again C<$Coro::current>, to see
		87	whether you are running in the main program or not.
80		88
81	=cut	89	=cut
82		90
83	our $main = new Coro;	91	# $main is now being initialised by Coro::State
84		92
85	=item $current (or as function: current)	93	=item $Coro::current
86		94
87	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course).	95	The coroutine object representing the current coroutine (the last
		96	coroutine that the Coro scheduler switched to). The initial value is
		97	C<$Coro::main> (of course).
88		98
89	=cut	99	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. You can take copies of the
		100	value stored in it and use it as any other coroutine object, but you must
		101	not otherwise modify the variable itself.
90		102
91	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	103	=cut
92	if ($current) {
93	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific};
94	}
95		104
96	our $current = $main;
97
98	sub current() { $current }	105	sub current() { $current } # [DEPRECATED]
99		106
100	=item $idle	107	=item $Coro::idle
101		108
102	The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default	109	This variable is mainly useful to integrate Coro into event loops. It is
103	implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits.	110	usually better to rely on L<Coro::AnyEvent> or LC<Coro::EV>, as this is
		111	pretty low-level functionality.
104		112
105	=cut	113	This variable stores a callback that is called whenever the scheduler
		114	finds no ready coroutines to run. The default implementation prints
		115	"FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits, because the program has no other way
		116	to continue.
106		117
107	# should be done using priorities :(	118	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
108	our $idle = new Coro sub {	119	C<Coro::AnyEvent> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
109	print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n";	120	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
110	exit(51);	121
		122	Note that the callback I<must not>, under any circumstances, block
		123	the current coroutine. Normally, this is achieved by having an "idle
		124	coroutine" that calls the event loop and then blocks again, and then
		125	readying that coroutine in the idle handler.
		126
		127	See L<Coro::Event> or L<Coro::AnyEvent> for examples of using this
		128	technique.
		129
		130	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
		131	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
		132
		133	=cut
		134
		135	$idle = sub {
		136	require Carp;
		137	Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
111	};	138	};
		139
		140	sub _cancel {
		141	my ($self) = @_;
		142
		143	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed
		144	$self->_destroy
		145	or return;
		146
		147	# call all destruction callbacks
		148	$_->(@{$self->{_status}})
		149	for @{ delete $self->{_on_destroy} \|\| [] };
		150	}
112		151
113	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	152	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
114	# cannot destroy itself.	153	# cannot destroy itself.
115	my @destroy;	154	my @destroy;
		155	my $manager;
		156
116	my $manager = new Coro sub {	157	$manager = new Coro sub {
117	while() {	158	while () {
118	delete ((pop @destroy)->{_coro_state}) while @destroy;	159	(shift @destroy)->_cancel
		160	while @destroy;
		161
119	&schedule;	162	&schedule;
120	}	163	}
121	};	164	};
		165	$manager->{desc} = "[coro manager]";
		166	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
122		167
123	# we really need priorities...	168	=back
124	my @ready; # the ready queue. hehe, rather broken ;)
125		169
126	# static methods. not really.	170	=head2 SIMPLE COROUTINE CREATION
127
128	=head2 STATIC METHODS
129
130	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only.
131		171
132	=over 4	172	=over 4
133		173
134	=item async { ... } [@args...]	174	=item async { ... } [@args...]
135		175
136	Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object	176	Create a new coroutine and return it's coroutine object (usually
137	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically	177	unused). The coroutine will be put into the ready queue, so
		178	it will start running automatically on the next scheduler run.
		179
		180	The first argument is a codeblock/closure that should be executed in the
		181	coroutine. When it returns argument returns the coroutine is automatically
138	terminated.	182	terminated.
139		183
		184	The remaining arguments are passed as arguments to the closure.
		185
		186	See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
		187	environment in which coroutines are executed.
		188
		189	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
		190	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
		191	just as it would in the main program.
		192
		193	If you do not want that, you can provide a default C<die> handler, or
		194	simply avoid dieing (by use of C<eval>).
		195
140	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	196	Example: Create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments.
		197
141	async {	198	async {
142	print "@_\n";	199	print "@_\n";
143	} 1,2,3,4;	200	} 1,2,3,4;
144		201
145	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables
146	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
147
148	=cut	202	=cut
149		203
150	sub async(&@) {	204	sub async(&@) {
151	my $pid = new Coro @_;	205	my $coro = new Coro @_;
152	$manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
153	$pid->ready;	206	$coro->ready;
154	$pid;	207	$coro
155	}	208	}
		209
		210	=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
		211
		212	Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
		213	terminate or join on it (although you are allowed to), and you get a
		214	coroutine that might have executed other code already (which can be good
		215	or bad :).
		216
		217	On the plus side, this function is faster than creating (and destroying)
		218	a completly new coroutine, so if you need a lot of generic coroutines in
		219	quick successsion, use C<async_pool>, not C<async>.
		220
		221	The code block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
		222	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
		223	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
		224	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
		225	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling (but is fine in the
		226	exceptional case).
		227
		228	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each run, tracing will be
		229	disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
		230	gets restored, so you can change all these. Otherwise the coroutine will
		231	be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
		232	stuff such as C<$/> you I<must needs> revert that change, which is most
		233	simply done by using local as in: C<< local $/ >>.
		234
		235	The idle pool size is limited to C<8> idle coroutines (this can be
		236	adjusted by changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), but there can be as many non-idle
		237	coros as required.
		238
		239	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
		240	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
		241	{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
		242	addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
		243	(adjustable via $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also be destroyed.
		244
		245	=cut
		246
		247	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
		248	our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
		249	our @async_pool;
		250
		251	sub pool_handler {
		252	my $cb;
		253
		254	while () {
		255	eval {
		256	while () {
		257	_pool_1 $cb;
		258	&$cb;
		259	_pool_2 $cb;
		260	&schedule;
		261	}
		262	};
		263
		264	if ($@) {
		265	last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
		266	warn $@;
		267	}
		268	}
		269	}
		270
		271	sub async_pool(&@) {
		272	# this is also inlined into the unblock_scheduler
		273	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
		274
		275	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
		276	$coro->ready;
		277
		278	$coro
		279	}
		280
		281	=back
		282
		283	=head2 STATIC METHODS
		284
		285	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine.
		286
		287	=over 4
156		288
157	=item schedule	289	=item schedule
158		290
159	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put	291	Calls the scheduler. The scheduler will find the next coroutine that is
		292	to be run from the ready queue and switches to it. The next coroutine
		293	to be run is simply the one with the highest priority that is longest
		294	in its ready queue. If there is no coroutine ready, it will clal the
		295	C<$Coro::idle> hook.
		296
		297	Please note that the current coroutine will I<not> be put into the ready
160	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	298	queue, so calling this function usually means you will never be called
161	never be called again.	299	again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls C<< ->ready >>,
		300	thus waking you up.
162		301
163	=cut	302	This makes C<schedule> I<the> generic method to use to block the current
		303	coroutine and wait for events: first you remember the current coroutine in
		304	a variable, then arrange for some callback of yours to call C<< ->ready
		305	>> on that once some event happens, and last you call C<schedule> to put
		306	yourself to sleep. Note that a lot of things can wake your coroutine up,
		307	so you need to check whether the event indeed happened, e.g. by storing the
		308	status in a variable.
164		309
165	my $prev;	310	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
166		311
167	sub schedule {	312	{
168	# should be done using priorities :(	313	# remember current coroutine
169	($prev, $current) = ($current, shift @ready \|\| $idle);	314	my $current = $Coro::current;
170	Coro::State::transfer($prev, $current);	315
171	}	316	# register a hypothetical event handler
		317	on_event_invoke sub {
		318	# wake up sleeping coroutine
		319	$current->ready;
		320	undef $current;
		321	};
		322
		323	# call schedule until event occurred.
		324	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
		325	# (current still defined), loop.
		326	Coro::schedule while $current;
		327	}
172		328
173	=item cede	329	=item cede
174		330
175	"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the	331	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into
176	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	332	the ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving
177	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	333	up the current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher
		334	priority. Once your coroutine gets its turn again it will automatically be
		335	resumed.
178		336
179	=cut	337	This function is often called C<yield> in other languages.
180		338
181	sub cede {	339	=item Coro::cede_notself
182	$current->ready;
183	&schedule;
184	}
185		340
		341	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to I<any>
		342	coroutine, regardless of priority. This is useful sometimes to ensure
		343	progress is made.
		344
186	=item terminate	345	=item terminate [arg...]
187		346
188	Terminates the current process.	347	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
189		348
190	Future versions of this function will allow result arguments.	349	=item killall
		350
		351	Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
		352	one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
		353	usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
		354
		355	Note that while this will try to free some of the main programs resources,
		356	you cannot free all of them, so if a coroutine that is not the main
		357	program calls this function, there will be some one-time resource leak.
191		358
192	=cut	359	=cut
193		360
194	sub terminate {	361	sub terminate {
195	$current->cancel;	362	$current->cancel (@_);
196	&schedule;	363	}
197	die; # NORETURN	364
		365	sub killall {
		366	for (Coro::State::list) {
		367	$_->cancel
		368	if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
		369	}
198	}	370	}
199		371
200	=back	372	=back
201		373
202	# dynamic methods
203
204	=head2 PROCESS METHODS	374	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
205		375
206	These are the methods you can call on process objects.	376	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects (or to create
		377	them).
207		378
208	=over 4	379	=over 4
209		380
210	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	381	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
211		382
212	Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process	383	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns, the coroutine
213	automatically terminates. To start the process you must first put it into	384	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
		385	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready
214	the ready queue by calling the ready method.	386	queue by calling the ready method.
215		387
216	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables	388	See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
217	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.	389	coroutine environment.
218		390
219	=cut	391	=cut
220		392
221	sub _newcoro {	393	sub _run_coro {
222	terminate &{+shift};	394	terminate &{+shift};
223	}	395	}
224		396
225	sub new {	397	sub new {
226	my $class = shift;	398	my $class = shift;
227	bless {
228	_coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
229	}, $class;
230	}
231		399
232	=item $process->ready	400	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
233
234	Put the current process into the ready queue.
235
236	=cut
237
238	sub ready {
239	push @ready, $_[0];
240	}	401	}
241		402
242	=item $process->cancel	403	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
243		404
244	Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead.	405	Put the given coroutine into the end of its ready queue (there is one
		406	queue for each priority) and return true. If the coroutine is already in
		407	the ready queue, do nothing and return false.
		408
		409	This ensures that the scheduler will resume this coroutine automatically
		410	once all the coroutines of higher priority and all coroutines of the same
		411	priority that were put into the ready queue earlier have been resumed.
		412
		413	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
		414
		415	Return whether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
		416
		417	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
		418
		419	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
		420	status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
		421	current coroutine.
245		422
246	=cut	423	=cut
247		424
248	sub cancel {	425	sub cancel {
		426	my $self = shift;
		427	$self->{_status} = [@_];
		428
		429	if ($current == $self) {
249	push @destroy, $_[0];	430	push @destroy, $self;
250	$manager->ready;	431	$manager->ready;
		432	&schedule while 1;
		433	} else {
		434	$self->_cancel;
		435	}
		436	}
		437
		438	=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
		439
		440	If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
		441	inside the coroutine at the next convenient point in time (usually after
		442	it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
		443	exception object.
		444
		445	The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
		446	C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
		447	(unlike with C<die>).
		448
		449	This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
		450	end itself, although there is no guarantee that the exception will lead to
		451	termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
		452	program.
		453
		454	You might also think of C<throw> as being the moral equivalent of
		455	C<kill>ing a coroutine with a signal (in this case, a scalar).
		456
		457	=item $coroutine->join
		458
		459	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
		460	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
		461	from multiple coroutines, and all will be resumed and given the status
		462	return once the C<$coroutine> terminates.
		463
		464	=cut
		465
		466	sub join {
		467	my $self = shift;
		468
		469	unless ($self->{_status}) {
		470	my $current = $current;
		471
		472	push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
		473	$current->ready;
		474	undef $current;
		475	};
		476
		477	&schedule while $current;
		478	}
		479
		480	wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
		481	}
		482
		483	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
		484
		485	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
		486	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
		487	if any, and I<must not> die, under any circumstances.
		488
		489	=cut
		490
		491	sub on_destroy {
		492	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		493
		494	push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
		495	}
		496
		497	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
		498
		499	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
		500	coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
		501	coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
		502	that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
		503	to get then):
		504
		505	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
		506	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
		507
		508	# set priority to HIGH
		509	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
		510
		511	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
		512	existing coroutine.
		513
		514	Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
		515	but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
		516	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
		517	coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
		518
		519	=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
		520
		521	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
		522	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
		523
		524	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
		525
		526	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
		527	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a
		528	coroutine.
		529
		530	This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given
		531	string. You can modify this member directly if you wish.
		532
		533	=cut
		534
		535	sub desc {
		536	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
		537	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
		538	$old;
251	}	539	}
252		540
253	=back	541	=back
254		542
		543	=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
		544
		545	=over 4
		546
		547	=item Coro::nready
		548
		549	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
		550	i.e. that can be switched to by calling C<schedule> directory or
		551	indirectly. The value C<0> means that the only runnable coroutine is the
		552	currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect, and C<schedule>
		553	would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler that wakes up some
		554	coroutines.
		555
		556	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
		557
		558	This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
		559	gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
		560	executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
		561	runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
		562	guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
		563	C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
		564
		565	Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
		566	or the function returns:
		567
		568	sub do_something {
		569	my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
		570	$busy = 1;
		571
		572	# do something that requires $busy to be true
		573	}
		574
		575	=cut
		576
		577	sub guard(&) {
		578	bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
		579	}
		580
		581	sub Coro::guard::cancel {
		582	${$_[0]} = sub { };
		583	}
		584
		585	sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
		586	${$_[0]}->();
		587	}
		588
		589
		590	=item unblock_sub { ... }
		591
		592	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
		593	returning a new coderef. Unblocking means that calling the new coderef
		594	will return immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the
		595	original code ref will be called (with parameters) from within another
		596	coroutine.
		597
		598	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
		599	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
		600	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
		601	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse. The only event library
		602	currently known that is safe to use without C<unblock_sub> is L<EV>.
		603
		604	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
		605	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
		606	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
		607	disk, for example.
		608
		609	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
		610	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		611
		612	If your handler does not plan to block (e.g. simply sends a message to
		613	another coroutine, or puts some other coroutine into the ready queue),
		614	there is no reason to use C<unblock_sub>.
		615
		616	Note that you also need to use C<unblock_sub> for any other callbacks that
		617	are indirectly executed by any C-based event loop. For example, when you
		618	use a module that uses L<AnyEvent> (and you use L<Coro::AnyEvent>) and it
		619	provides callbacks that are the result of some event callback, then you
		620	must not block either, or use C<unblock_sub>.
		621
		622	=cut
		623
		624	our @unblock_queue;
		625
		626	# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
		627	# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
		628	# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
		629	# inside an event callback.
		630	our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
		631	while () {
		632	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
		633	# this is an inlined copy of async_pool
		634	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
		635
		636	$coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
		637	$coro->ready;
		638	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
		639	}
		640	schedule; # sleep well
		641	}
		642	};
		643	$unblock_scheduler->{desc} = "[unblock_sub scheduler]";
		644
		645	sub unblock_sub(&) {
		646	my $cb = shift;
		647
		648	sub {
		649	unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
		650	$unblock_scheduler->ready;
		651	}
		652	}
		653
		654	=back
		655
255	=cut	656	=cut
256		657
257	1;	658	1;
258		659
259	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	660	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
260		661
261	- could be faster, especially when the core would introduce special	662	=over 4
262	support for coroutines (like it does for threads).	663
263	- there is still a memleak on coroutine termination that I could not	664	=item fork with pthread backend
264	identify. Could be as small as a single SV.	665
265	- this module is not well-tested.	666	When Coro is compiled using the pthread backend (which isn't recommended
266	- if variables or arguments "disappear" (become undef) or become	667	but required on many BSDs as their libcs are completely broken), then
267	corrupted please contact the author so he cen iron out the	668	coroutines will not survive a fork. There is no known workaround except to
268	remaining bugs.	669	fix your libc and use a saner backend.
269	- this module is not thread-safe. You must only ever use this module from	670
		671	=item perl process emulation ("threads")
		672
		673	This module is not perl-pseudo-thread-safe. You should only ever use this
270	the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future to	674	module from the same thread (this requirement might be removed in the
271	allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow this).	675	future to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
		676	this). I recommend disabling thread support and using processes, as having
		677	the windows process emulation enabled under unix roughly halves perl
		678	performance, even when not used.
		679
		680	=item coroutine switching not signal safe
		681
		682	You must not switch to another coroutine from within a signal handler
		683	(only relevant with %SIG - most event libraries provide safe signals).
		684
		685	That means you I<MUST NOT> call any fucntion that might "block" the
		686	current coroutine - C<cede>, C<schedule> C<< Coro::Semaphore->down >> or
		687	anything that calls those. Everything else, including calling C<ready>,
		688	works.
		689
		690	=back
		691
272		692
273	=head1 SEE ALSO	693	=head1 SEE ALSO
274		694
275	L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>,	695	Event-Loop integration: L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>.
276	L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::RWLock>,	696
277	L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.	697	Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
		698
		699	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
		700
		701	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
		702
		703	IO/Timers: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::AIO>.
		704
		705	Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::BDB>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
		706
		707	XS API: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
		708
		709	Low level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
278		710
279	=head1 AUTHOR	711	=head1 AUTHOR
280		712
281	Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>	713	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
282	http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/	714	http://home.schmorp.de/
283		715
284	=cut	716	=cut
285		717

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Revision 1.220 by root, Sun Nov 16 11:12:57 2008 UTC