[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.34 by root, Sun Sep 16 01:34:35 2001 UTC vs.
Revision 1.92 by root, Fri Dec 1 03:47:55 2006 UTC

…		…
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
11	};	11	};
12		12
13	# alternatively create an async process like this:	13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:
14		14
15	sub some_func : Coro {	15	sub some_func : Coro {
16	# some more async code	16	# some more async code
17	}	17	}
18		18
19	cede;	19	cede;
20		20
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	21	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		22
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to	23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to
24	Threads but don't run in parallel.	24	threads but don't run in parallel.
25
26	This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below.
27		25
28	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables	26	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables
29	+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own	27	+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own
30	callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most	28	callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most
31	important global variables.	29	important global variables.
32		30
33	=cut	31	=cut
34		32
35	package Coro;	33	package Coro;
36		34
		35	use strict;
		36	no warnings "uninitialized";
		37
37	use Coro::State;	38	use Coro::State;
38		39
39	use base Exporter;	40	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
40		41
41	$VERSION = 0.5;	42	our $idle; # idle handler
		43	our $main; # main coroutine
		44	our $current; # current coroutine
42		45
		46	our $VERSION = '3.0';
		47
43	@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current);	48	our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
44	%EXPORT_TAGS = (	49	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
45	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	50	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
46	);	51	);
47	@EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}};	52	our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}};
48		53
49	{	54	{
50	my @async;	55	my @async;
51	my $init;	56	my $init;
52		57
53	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()	58	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
54	sub import {	59	sub import {
		60	no strict 'refs';
		61
55	Coro->export_to_level(1, @_);	62	Coro->export_to_level(1, @_);
		63
56	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};	64	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
57	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {	65	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
58	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);	66	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
59	my @attrs;	67	my @attrs;
60	for (@_) {	68	for (@_) {
…		…
75	};	83	};
76	}	84	}
77		85
78	}	86	}
79		87
		88	=over 4
		89
80	=item $main	90	=item $main
81		91
82	This coroutine represents the main program.	92	This coroutine represents the main program.
83		93
84	=cut	94	=cut
85		95
86	our $main = new Coro;	96	$main = new Coro;
87		97
88	=item $current (or as function: current)	98	=item $current (or as function: current)
89		99
90	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course).	100	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
		101	is C<$main> (of course).
		102
		103	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
		104	reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the
		105	C<Coro::current> function instead.
91		106
92	=cut	107	=cut
93		108
94	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	109	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
95	if ($current) {	110	if ($current) {
96	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific};	111	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific};
97	}	112	}
98		113
99	our $current = $main;	114	$current = $main;
100		115
101	sub current() { $current }	116	sub current() { $current }
102		117
103	=item $idle	118	=item $idle
104		119
105	The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default	120	A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
106	implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits.	121	to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
		122	exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
107		123
108	=cut	124	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
		125	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
		126	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
109		127
110	# should be done using priorities :(	128	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
111	our $idle = new Coro sub {	129	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.
		130
		131	=cut
		132
		133	$idle = sub {
112	print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n";	134	print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n";
113	exit(51);	135	exit (51);
114	};	136	};
115		137
116	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	138	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
117	# cannot destroy itself.	139	# cannot destroy itself.
118	my @destroy;	140	my @destroy;
119	my $manager = new Coro sub {	141	my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub {
120	while() {	142	while () {
121	delete ((pop @destroy)->{_coro_state}) while @destroy;	143	# by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it
		144	# while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
		145	# been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
		146	# can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
		147	# remove itself from the runqueue
		148	while (@destroy) {
		149	my $coro = pop @destroy;
		150	$coro->{status} \|\|= [];
		151	$_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} \|\| []};
		152
		153	# the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the
		154	# coroutine itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
		155	# coroutine that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
		156	# to transfer() to this coroutine).
		157	$coro->_clone_state_from ($manager);
		158	}
122	&schedule;	159	&schedule;
123	}	160	}
124	};	161	};
125		162
126	# static methods. not really.	163	# static methods. not really.
127		164
		165	=back
		166
128	=head2 STATIC METHODS	167	=head2 STATIC METHODS
129		168
130	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only.	169	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
131		170
132	=over 4	171	=over 4
133		172
134	=item async { ... } [@args...]	173	=item async { ... } [@args...]
135		174
136	Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object	175	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
137	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically	176	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
138	terminated.	177	terminated.
		178
		179	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
		180
		181	When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main
		182	program.
139		183
140	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	184	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
141	async {	185	async {
142	print "@_\n";	186	print "@_\n";
143	} 1,2,3,4;	187	} 1,2,3,4;
144		188
145	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables
146	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
147
148	=cut	189	=cut
149		190
150	sub async(&@) {	191	sub async(&@) {
151	my $pid = new Coro @_;	192	my $pid = new Coro @_;
152	$manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
153	$pid->ready;	193	$pid->ready;
154	$pid;	194	$pid
155	}	195	}
156		196
157	=item schedule	197	=item schedule
158		198
159	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put	199	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
160	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	200	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
161	never be called again.	201	never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
		202	ready.
162		203
163	=cut	204	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
		205
		206	{
		207	# remember current coroutine
		208	my $current = $Coro::current;
		209
		210	# register a hypothetical event handler
		211	on_event_invoke sub {
		212	# wake up sleeping coroutine
		213	$current->ready;
		214	undef $current;
		215	};
		216
		217	# call schedule until event occured.
		218	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
		219	# (current still defined), loop.
		220	Coro::schedule while $current;
		221	}
164		222
165	=item cede	223	=item cede
166		224
167	"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the	225	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
168	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	226	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
169	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	227	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
170		228
171	=cut
172
173	=item terminate	229	=item terminate [arg...]
174		230
175	Terminates the current process.	231	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
176
177	Future versions of this function will allow result arguments.
178		232
179	=cut	233	=cut
180		234
181	sub terminate {	235	sub terminate {
182	$current->cancel;	236	$current->cancel (@_);
183	&schedule;
184	die; # NORETURN
185	}	237	}
186		238
187	=back	239	=back
188		240
189	# dynamic methods	241	# dynamic methods
190		242
191	=head2 PROCESS METHODS	243	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
192		244
193	These are the methods you can call on process objects.	245	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
194		246
195	=over 4	247	=over 4
196		248
197	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	249	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
198		250
199	Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process	251	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
200	automatically terminates. To start the process you must first put it into	252	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
		253	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
201	the ready queue by calling the ready method.	254	by calling the ready method.
202		255
203	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables	256	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
204	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
205		257
206	=cut	258	=cut
207		259
208	sub _newcoro {	260	sub _new_coro {
209	terminate &{+shift};	261	terminate &{+shift};
210	}	262	}
211		263
212	sub new {	264	sub new {
213	my $class = shift;	265	my $class = shift;
214	bless {
215	_coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
216	}, $class;
217	}
218		266
219	=item $process->ready	267	$class->SUPER::new (\&_new_coro, @_)
		268	}
220		269
221	Put the current process into the ready queue.	270	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
222		271
223	=cut	272	Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
		273	and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
		274	and return false.
224		275
225	=item $process->cancel	276	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
226		277
227	Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead.	278	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
		279
		280	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
		281
		282	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
		283	status (default: the empty list).
228		284
229	=cut	285	=cut
230		286
231	sub cancel {	287	sub cancel {
		288	my $self = shift;
		289	$self->{status} = [@_];
232	push @destroy, $_[0];	290	push @destroy, $self;
233	$manager->ready;	291	$manager->ready;
		292	&schedule if $current == $self;
234	}	293	}
235		294
		295	=item $coroutine->join
		296
		297	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
		298	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times
		299	from multiple coroutine.
		300
		301	=cut
		302
		303	sub join {
		304	my $self = shift;
		305	unless ($self->{status}) {
		306	push @{$self->{join}}, $current;
		307	&schedule;
		308	}
		309	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];
		310	}
		311
236	=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio)	312	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
237		313
238	Sets the priority of the process. Higher priority processes get run before	314	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
239	lower priority processes. Priorities are smalled signed integer (currently	315	coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
		316	coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
240	-4 .. +3), that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import	317	that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
241	tag :prio to get then):	318	to get then):
242		319
243	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN	320	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
244	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4	321	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
245		322
246	# set priority to HIGH	323	# set priority to HIGH
247	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);	324	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
248		325
249	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any	326	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
250	existing coroutine.	327	existing coroutine.
251		328
252	Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately,	329	Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
253	but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not	330	but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
254	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that	331	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
255	process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.	332	coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
256		333
257	=cut
258
259	sub prio {
260	my $old = $_[0]{prio};
261	$_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
262	$old;
263	}
264
265	=item $newprio = $process->nice($change)	334	=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
266		335
267	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.	336	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
268	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).	337	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
269		338
270	=cut	339	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
271		340
272	sub nice {	341	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
273	$_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];	342	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
		343
		344	=cut
		345
		346	sub desc {
		347	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
		348	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
		349	$old;
274	}	350	}
275		351
276	=back	352	=back
277		353
		354	=head2 UTILITY FUNCTIONS
		355
		356	=over 4
		357
		358	=item unblock_sub { ... }
		359
		360	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
		361	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
		362	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
		363	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
		364
		365	The reason this fucntion exists is that many event libraries (such as the
		366	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
		367	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
		368	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
		369
		370	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
		371	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
		372	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
		373	disk.
		374
		375	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
		376	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		377
		378	=cut
		379
		380	our @unblock_pool;
		381	our @unblock_queue;
		382	our $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE = 2;
		383
		384	sub unblock_handler_ {
		385	while () {
		386	my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $Coro::current->{arg} };
		387	$cb->(@arg);
		388
		389	last if @unblock_pool >= $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE;
		390	push @unblock_pool, $Coro::current;
		391	schedule;
		392	}
		393	}
		394
		395	our $unblock_scheduler = async {
		396	while () {
		397	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
		398	my $handler = (pop @unblock_pool or new Coro \&unblock_handler_);
		399	$handler->{arg} = $cb;
		400	$handler->ready;
		401	cede;
		402	}
		403
		404	schedule;
		405	}
		406	};
		407
		408	sub unblock_sub(&) {
		409	my $cb = shift;
		410
		411	sub {
		412	push @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
		413	$unblock_scheduler->ready;
		414	}
		415	}
		416
		417	=back
		418
278	=cut	419	=cut
279		420
280	1;	421	1;
281		422
282	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	423	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
283		424
284	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global destruction.	425	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
285	very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).	426	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
		427
286	- this module is not thread-safe. You must only ever use this module from	428	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
287	the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future to	429	from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future
288	allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow this).	430	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
		431	this).
289		432
290	=head1 SEE ALSO	433	=head1 SEE ALSO
291		434
292	L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>,	435	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.
293	L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::RWLock>,	436
294	L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.	437	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
		438
		439	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.
		440
		441	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>
295		442
296	=head1 AUTHOR	443	=head1 AUTHOR
297		444
298	Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>	445	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
299	http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/	446	http://home.schmorp.de/
300		447
301	=cut	448	=cut
302		449

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.34 by root, Sun Sep 16 01:34:35 2001 UTC vs. Revision 1.92 by root, Fri Dec 1 03:47:55 2006 UTC

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.34 by root, Sun Sep 16 01:34:35 2001 UTC vs.
Revision 1.92 by root, Fri Dec 1 03:47:55 2006 UTC