[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.56 by pcg, Sat Nov 15 03:53:10 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.102 by root, Fri Dec 29 11:37:49 2006 UTC

…		…
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
11	};	11	};
12		12
13	# alternatively create an async process like this:	13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:
14		14
15	sub some_func : Coro {	15	sub some_func : Coro {
16	# some more async code	16	# some more async code
17	}	17	}
18		18
19	cede;	19	cede;
20		20
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	21	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		22
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to	23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24	threads but don't run in parallel.	24	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
		25	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine use din this module also
		26	guarentees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
		27	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
		28	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
		29	safer than threads programming.
25		30
		31	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
		32	very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
		33	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
		34
26	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables	35	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27	+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own	36	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28	callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most	37	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29	important global variables.	38	variables.
30		39
31	=cut	40	=cut
32		41
33	package Coro;	42	package Coro;
34		43
35	BEGIN { eval { require warnings } && warnings->unimport ("uninitialized") }	44	use strict;
		45	no warnings "uninitialized";
36		46
37	use Coro::State;	47	use Coro::State;
38		48
39	use vars qw($idle $main $current);	49	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
40		50
41	use base Exporter;	51	our $idle; # idle handler
		52	our $main; # main coroutine
		53	our $current; # current coroutine
42		54
43	$VERSION = "0.9";	55	our $VERSION = '3.3';
44		56
45	@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current);	57	our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
46	%EXPORT_TAGS = (	58	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
47	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	59	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
48	);	60	);
49	@EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}};	61	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
50		62
51	{	63	{
52	my @async;	64	my @async;
53	my $init;	65	my $init;
54		66
55	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()	67	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
56	sub import {	68	sub import {
		69	no strict 'refs';
		70
57	Coro->export_to_level(1, @_);	71	Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
		72
58	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};	73	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
59	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {	74	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
60	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);	75	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
61	my @attrs;	76	my @attrs;
62	for (@_) {	77	for (@_) {
…		…
89		104
90	$main = new Coro;	105	$main = new Coro;
91		106
92	=item $current (or as function: current)	107	=item $current (or as function: current)
93		108
94	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course).	109	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
		110	is C<$main> (of course).
		111
		112	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
		113	reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the
		114	C<Coro::current> function instead.
95		115
96	=cut	116	=cut
97		117
98	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	118	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
99	if ($current) {
100	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific};	119	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific}
101	}	120	if $current;
102		121
103	$current = $main;	122	_set_current $main;
104		123
105	sub current() { $current }	124	sub current() { $current }
106		125
107	=item $idle	126	=item $idle
108		127
109	The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default	128	A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
110	implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits.	129	to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
		130	exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
111		131
112	=cut	132	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
		133	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
		134	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
113		135
114	# should be done using priorities :(	136	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
115	$idle = new Coro sub {	137	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.
116	print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n";	138
117	exit(51);	139	=cut
		140
		141	$idle = sub {
		142	require Carp;
		143	Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
118	};	144	};
119		145
120	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	146	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
121	# cannot destroy itself.	147	# cannot destroy itself.
122	my @destroy;	148	my @destroy;
123	my $manager;
124	$manager = new Coro sub {	149	my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub {
125	while() {	150	while () {
126	# by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it	151	# by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it
127	# while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has	152	# while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
128	# been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager	153	# been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
129	# can be called as many times as neccessary and will always	154	# can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
130	# remove itself from the runqueue	155	# remove itself from the runqueue
131	while (@destroy) {	156	while (@destroy) {
132	my $coro = pop @destroy;	157	my $coro = pop @destroy;
		158
133	$coro->{status} \|\|= [];	159	$coro->{status} \|\|= [];
		160
134	$_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} \|\| []};	161	$_->ready for @{(delete $coro->{join} ) \|\| []};
135	$coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state};	162	$_->(@{$coro->{status}}) for @{(delete $coro->{destroy_cb}) \|\| []};
		163
		164	# the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the
		165	# coroutine itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
		166	# coroutine that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
		167	# to transfer() to this coroutine).
		168	$coro->_clone_state_from ($manager);
136	}	169	}
137	&schedule;	170	&schedule;
138	}	171	}
139	};	172	};
140		173
…		…
142		175
143	=back	176	=back
144		177
145	=head2 STATIC METHODS	178	=head2 STATIC METHODS
146		179
147	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only.	180	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
148		181
149	=over 4	182	=over 4
150		183
151	=item async { ... } [@args...]	184	=item async { ... } [@args...]
152		185
153	Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object	186	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
154	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically	187	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
155	terminated.	188	terminated.
		189
		190	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
		191
		192	When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main
		193	program.
156		194
157	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	195	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
158	async {	196	async {
159	print "@_\n";	197	print "@_\n";
160	} 1,2,3,4;	198	} 1,2,3,4;
161		199
162	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables
163	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
164
165	=cut	200	=cut
166		201
167	sub async(&@) {	202	sub async(&@) {
168	my $pid = new Coro @_;	203	my $pid = new Coro @_;
169	$manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
170	$pid->ready;	204	$pid->ready;
171	$pid;	205	$pid
172	}	206	}
173		207
174	=item schedule	208	=item schedule
175		209
176	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put	210	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
177	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	211	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
178	never be called again.	212	never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
		213	ready.
179		214
180	=cut	215	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
		216
		217	{
		218	# remember current coroutine
		219	my $current = $Coro::current;
		220
		221	# register a hypothetical event handler
		222	on_event_invoke sub {
		223	# wake up sleeping coroutine
		224	$current->ready;
		225	undef $current;
		226	};
		227
		228	# call schedule until event occured.
		229	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
		230	# (current still defined), loop.
		231	Coro::schedule while $current;
		232	}
181		233
182	=item cede	234	=item cede
183		235
184	"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the	236	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
185	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	237	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
186	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	238	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
187		239
188	=cut	240	=item Coro::cede_notself
		241
		242	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
		243	coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
189		244
190	=item terminate [arg...]	245	=item terminate [arg...]
191		246
192	Terminates the current process.	247	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
193
194	Future versions of this function will allow result arguments.
195		248
196	=cut	249	=cut
197		250
198	sub terminate {	251	sub terminate {
199	$current->{status} = [@_];
200	$current->cancel;	252	$current->cancel (@_);
201	&schedule;
202	die; # NORETURN
203	}	253	}
204		254
205	=back	255	=back
206		256
207	# dynamic methods	257	# dynamic methods
208		258
209	=head2 PROCESS METHODS	259	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
210		260
211	These are the methods you can call on process objects.	261	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
212		262
213	=over 4	263	=over 4
214		264
215	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	265	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
216		266
217	Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process	267	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
218	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were	268	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
219	called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue	269	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
220	by calling the ready method.	270	by calling the ready method.
221		271
222	=cut	272	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
223		273
		274	=cut
		275
224	sub _newcoro {	276	sub _run_coro {
225	terminate &{+shift};	277	terminate &{+shift};
226	}	278	}
227		279
228	sub new {	280	sub new {
229	my $class = shift;	281	my $class = shift;
230	bless {
231	_coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
232	}, $class;
233	}
234		282
235	=item $process->ready	283	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
		284	}
236		285
237	Put the given process into the ready queue.	286	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
238		287
239	=cut	288	Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
		289	and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
		290	and return false.
240		291
241	=item $process->cancel	292	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
242		293
243	Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead.	294	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
		295
		296	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
		297
		298	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
		299	status (default: the empty list).
244		300
245	=cut	301	=cut
246		302
247	sub cancel {	303	sub cancel {
		304	my $self = shift;
		305	$self->{status} = [@_];
248	push @destroy, $_[0];	306	push @destroy, $self;
249	$manager->ready;	307	$manager->ready;
250	&schedule if $current == $_[0];	308	&schedule if $current == $self;
251	}	309	}
252		310
253	=item $process->join	311	=item $coroutine->join
254		312
255	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the	313	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
256	C<terminate> function. C<join> can be called multiple times from multiple	314	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times
257	processes.	315	from multiple coroutine.
258		316
259	=cut	317	=cut
260		318
261	sub join {	319	sub join {
262	my $self = shift;	320	my $self = shift;
…		…
265	&schedule;	323	&schedule;
266	}	324	}
267	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];	325	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];
268	}	326	}
269		327
		328	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
		329
		330	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
		331	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
		332	if any.
		333
		334	=cut
		335
		336	sub on_destroy {
		337	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		338
		339	push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb;
		340	}
		341
270	=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio)	342	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
271		343
272	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the	344	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
273	process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority	345	coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
274	processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),	346	coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
275	that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio	347	that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
276	to get then):	348	to get then):
277		349
278	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN	350	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
279	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4	351	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
…		…
282	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);	354	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
283		355
284	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any	356	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
285	existing coroutine.	357	existing coroutine.
286		358
287	Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately,	359	Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
288	but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not	360	but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
289	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that	361	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
290	process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.	362	coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
291		363
292	=cut
293
294	sub prio {
295	my $old = $_[0]{prio};
296	$_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
297	$old;
298	}
299
300	=item $newprio = $process->nice($change)	364	=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
301		365
302	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.	366	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
303	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).	367	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
304		368
305	=cut
306
307	sub nice {
308	$_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];
309	}
310
311	=item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc)	369	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
312		370
313	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this	371	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
314	process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process.	372	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
315		373
316	=cut	374	=cut
317		375
318	sub desc {	376	sub desc {
319	my $old = $_[0]{desc};	377	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
…		…
321	$old;	379	$old;
322	}	380	}
323		381
324	=back	382	=back
325		383
		384	=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
		385
		386	=over 4
		387
		388	=item Coro::nready
		389
		390	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
		391	i.e. that can be swicthed to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
		392	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
		393	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
		394	that wakes up some coroutines.
		395
		396	=item unblock_sub { ... }
		397
		398	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
		399	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
		400	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
		401	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
		402
		403	The reason this fucntion exists is that many event libraries (such as the
		404	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
		405	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
		406	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
		407
		408	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
		409	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
		410	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
		411	disk.
		412
		413	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
		414	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		415
		416	=cut
		417
		418	our @unblock_pool;
		419	our @unblock_queue;
		420	our $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE = 2;
		421
		422	sub unblock_handler_ {
		423	while () {
		424	my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $Coro::current->{arg} };
		425	$cb->(@arg);
		426
		427	last if @unblock_pool >= $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE;
		428	push @unblock_pool, $Coro::current;
		429	schedule;
		430	}
		431	}
		432
		433	our $unblock_scheduler = async {
		434	while () {
		435	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
		436	my $handler = (pop @unblock_pool or new Coro \&unblock_handler_);
		437	$handler->{arg} = $cb;
		438	$handler->ready;
		439	cede;
		440	}
		441
		442	schedule;
		443	}
		444	};
		445
		446	sub unblock_sub(&) {
		447	my $cb = shift;
		448
		449	sub {
		450	push @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
		451	$unblock_scheduler->ready;
		452	}
		453	}
		454
		455	=back
		456
326	=cut	457	=cut
327		458
328	1;	459	1;
329		460
330	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	461	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
…		…
337	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow	468	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
338	this).	469	this).
339		470
340	=head1 SEE ALSO	471	=head1 SEE ALSO
341		472
342	L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>,	473	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.
343	L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>,	474
344	L<Coro::L<Coro::RWLock>, Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.	475	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
		476
		477	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.
		478
		479	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>
345		480
346	=head1 AUTHOR	481	=head1 AUTHOR
347		482
348	Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>	483	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
349	http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/	484	http://home.schmorp.de/
350		485
351	=cut	486	=cut
352		487

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.56 by pcg, Sat Nov 15 03:53:10 2003 UTC vs. Revision 1.102 by root, Fri Dec 29 11:37:49 2006 UTC

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.56 by pcg, Sat Nov 15 03:53:10 2003 UTC vs.
Revision 1.102 by root, Fri Dec 29 11:37:49 2006 UTC