[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.36 by root, Mon Sep 24 01:36:20 2001 UTC vs.
Revision 1.101 by root, Fri Dec 29 08:36:34 2006 UTC

…		…
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
11	};	11	};
12		12
13	# alternatively create an async process like this:	13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:
14		14
15	sub some_func : Coro {	15	sub some_func : Coro {
16	# some more async code	16	# some more async code
17	}	17	}
18		18
19	cede;	19	cede;
20		20
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	21	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		22
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to	23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24	Threads but don't run in parallel.	24	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
		25	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine use din this module also
		26	guarentees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
		27	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
		28	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
		29	safer than threads programming.
25		30
26	This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below.	31	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
		32	very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
		33	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
27		34
28	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables	35	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
29	+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own	36	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
30	callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most	37	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
31	important global variables.	38	variables.
32		39
33	=cut	40	=cut
34		41
35	package Coro;	42	package Coro;
36		43
		44	use strict;
37	no warnings qw(uninitialized);	45	no warnings "uninitialized";
38		46
39	use Coro::State;	47	use Coro::State;
40		48
41	use base Exporter;	49	use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
42		50
43	$VERSION = 0.5;	51	our $idle; # idle handler
		52	our $main; # main coroutine
		53	our $current; # current coroutine
44		54
		55	our $VERSION = '3.3';
		56
45	@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current);	57	our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
46	%EXPORT_TAGS = (	58	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
47	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	59	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
48	);	60	);
49	@EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}};	61	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
50		62
51	{	63	{
52	my @async;	64	my @async;
53	my $init;	65	my $init;
54		66
55	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()	67	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
56	sub import {	68	sub import {
		69	no strict 'refs';
		70
57	Coro->export_to_level(1, @_);	71	Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
		72
58	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};	73	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
59	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {	74	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
60	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);	75	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
61	my @attrs;	76	my @attrs;
62	for (@_) {	77	for (@_) {
…		…
77	};	92	};
78	}	93	}
79		94
80	}	95	}
81		96
		97	=over 4
		98
82	=item $main	99	=item $main
83		100
84	This coroutine represents the main program.	101	This coroutine represents the main program.
85		102
86	=cut	103	=cut
87		104
88	our $main = new Coro;	105	$main = new Coro;
89		106
90	=item $current (or as function: current)	107	=item $current (or as function: current)
91		108
92	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course).	109	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
		110	is C<$main> (of course).
		111
		112	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
		113	reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the
		114	C<Coro::current> function instead.
93		115
94	=cut	116	=cut
95		117
96	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	118	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
97	if ($current) {
98	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific};	119	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific}
99	}	120	if $current;
100		121
101	our $current = $main;	122	_set_current $main;
102		123
103	sub current() { $current }	124	sub current() { $current }
104		125
105	=item $idle	126	=item $idle
106		127
107	The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default	128	A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
108	implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits.	129	to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
		130	exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
109		131
110	=cut	132	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
		133	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
		134	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
111		135
112	# should be done using priorities :(	136	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
113	our $idle = new Coro sub {	137	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.
114	print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n";	138
115	exit(51);	139	=cut
		140
		141	$idle = sub {
		142	require Carp;
		143	Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
116	};	144	};
117		145
118	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	146	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
119	# cannot destroy itself.	147	# cannot destroy itself.
120	my @destroy;	148	my @destroy;
121	my $manager = new Coro sub {	149	my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub {
122	while() {	150	while () {
123	delete ((pop @destroy)->{_coro_state}) while @destroy;	151	# by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it
		152	# while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
		153	# been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
		154	# can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
		155	# remove itself from the runqueue
		156	while (@destroy) {
		157	my $coro = pop @destroy;
		158
		159	$coro->{status} \|\|= [];
		160
		161	$_->ready for @{(delete $coro->{join} ) \|\| []};
		162	$_->(@{$coro->{status}}) for @{(delete $coro->{destroy_cb}) \|\| []};
		163
		164	# the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the
		165	# coroutine itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
		166	# coroutine that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
		167	# to transfer() to this coroutine).
		168	$coro->_clone_state_from ($manager);
		169	}
124	&schedule;	170	&schedule;
125	}	171	}
126	};	172	};
127		173
128	# static methods. not really.	174	# static methods. not really.
129		175
		176	=back
		177
130	=head2 STATIC METHODS	178	=head2 STATIC METHODS
131		179
132	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only.	180	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
133		181
134	=over 4	182	=over 4
135		183
136	=item async { ... } [@args...]	184	=item async { ... } [@args...]
137		185
138	Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object	186	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
139	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically	187	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
140	terminated.	188	terminated.
		189
		190	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
		191
		192	When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main
		193	program.
141		194
142	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	195	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
143	async {	196	async {
144	print "@_\n";	197	print "@_\n";
145	} 1,2,3,4;	198	} 1,2,3,4;
146		199
147	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables
148	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
149
150	=cut	200	=cut
151		201
152	sub async(&@) {	202	sub async(&@) {
153	my $pid = new Coro @_;	203	my $pid = new Coro @_;
154	$manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
155	$pid->ready;	204	$pid->ready;
156	$pid;	205	$pid
157	}	206	}
158		207
159	=item schedule	208	=item schedule
160		209
161	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put	210	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
162	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	211	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
163	never be called again.	212	never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
		213	ready.
164		214
165	=cut	215	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
		216
		217	{
		218	# remember current coroutine
		219	my $current = $Coro::current;
		220
		221	# register a hypothetical event handler
		222	on_event_invoke sub {
		223	# wake up sleeping coroutine
		224	$current->ready;
		225	undef $current;
		226	};
		227
		228	# call schedule until event occured.
		229	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
		230	# (current still defined), loop.
		231	Coro::schedule while $current;
		232	}
166		233
167	=item cede	234	=item cede
168		235
169	"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the	236	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
170	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	237	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
171	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	238	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
172		239
173	=cut
174
175	=item terminate	240	=item terminate [arg...]
176		241
177	Terminates the current process.	242	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
178
179	Future versions of this function will allow result arguments.
180		243
181	=cut	244	=cut
182		245
183	sub terminate {	246	sub terminate {
184	$current->cancel;	247	$current->cancel (@_);
185	&schedule;
186	die; # NORETURN
187	}	248	}
188		249
189	=back	250	=back
190		251
191	# dynamic methods	252	# dynamic methods
192		253
193	=head2 PROCESS METHODS	254	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
194		255
195	These are the methods you can call on process objects.	256	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
196		257
197	=over 4	258	=over 4
198		259
199	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	260	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
200		261
201	Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process	262	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
202	automatically terminates. To start the process you must first put it into	263	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
		264	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
203	the ready queue by calling the ready method.	265	by calling the ready method.
204		266
205	The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables	267	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.
206	in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead.
207		268
208	=cut	269	=cut
209		270
210	sub _newcoro {	271	sub _run_coro {
211	terminate &{+shift};	272	terminate &{+shift};
212	}	273	}
213		274
214	sub new {	275	sub new {
215	my $class = shift;	276	my $class = shift;
216	bless {
217	_coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
218	}, $class;
219	}
220		277
221	=item $process->ready	278	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
		279	}
222		280
223	Put the current process into the ready queue.	281	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
224		282
225	=cut	283	Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
		284	and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
		285	and return false.
226		286
227	=item $process->cancel	287	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
228		288
229	Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead.	289	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
		290
		291	=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
		292
		293	Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
		294	status (default: the empty list).
230		295
231	=cut	296	=cut
232		297
233	sub cancel {	298	sub cancel {
		299	my $self = shift;
		300	$self->{status} = [@_];
234	push @destroy, $_[0];	301	push @destroy, $self;
235	$manager->ready;	302	$manager->ready;
236	&schedule if $current == $_[0];	303	&schedule if $current == $self;
237	}	304	}
238		305
		306	=item $coroutine->join
		307
		308	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
		309	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times
		310	from multiple coroutine.
		311
		312	=cut
		313
		314	sub join {
		315	my $self = shift;
		316	unless ($self->{status}) {
		317	push @{$self->{join}}, $current;
		318	&schedule;
		319	}
		320	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];
		321	}
		322
		323	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
		324
		325	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
		326	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
		327	if any.
		328
		329	=cut
		330
		331	sub on_destroy {
		332	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
		333
		334	push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb;
		335	}
		336
239	=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio)	337	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
240		338
241	Sets the priority of the process. Higher priority processes get run before	339	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
242	lower priority processes. Priorities are smalled signed integer (currently	340	coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
		341	coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
243	-4 .. +3), that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import	342	that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
244	tag :prio to get then):	343	to get then):
245		344
246	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN	345	PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
247	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4	346	3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
248		347
249	# set priority to HIGH	348	# set priority to HIGH
250	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);	349	current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
251		350
252	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any	351	The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
253	existing coroutine.	352	existing coroutine.
254		353
255	Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately,	354	Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
256	but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not	355	but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
257	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that	356	running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
258	process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.	357	coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
259		358
260	=cut
261
262	sub prio {
263	my $old = $_[0]{prio};
264	$_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
265	$old;
266	}
267
268	=item $newprio = $process->nice($change)	359	=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
269		360
270	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.	361	Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
271	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).	362	higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
272		363
273	=cut	364	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
274		365
275	sub nice {	366	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
276	$_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];	367	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
		368
		369	=cut
		370
		371	sub desc {
		372	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
		373	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
		374	$old;
277	}	375	}
278		376
279	=back	377	=back
280		378
		379	=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
		380
		381	=over 4
		382
		383	=item Coro::nready
		384
		385	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
		386	i.e. that can be swicthed to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
		387	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
		388	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
		389	that wakes up some coroutines.
		390
		391	=item unblock_sub { ... }
		392
		393	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
		394	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
		395	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
		396	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
		397
		398	The reason this fucntion exists is that many event libraries (such as the
		399	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
		400	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
		401	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
		402
		403	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
		404	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
		405	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
		406	disk.
		407
		408	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
		409	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		410
		411	=cut
		412
		413	our @unblock_pool;
		414	our @unblock_queue;
		415	our $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE = 2;
		416
		417	sub unblock_handler_ {
		418	while () {
		419	my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $Coro::current->{arg} };
		420	$cb->(@arg);
		421
		422	last if @unblock_pool >= $UNBLOCK_POOL_SIZE;
		423	push @unblock_pool, $Coro::current;
		424	schedule;
		425	}
		426	}
		427
		428	our $unblock_scheduler = async {
		429	while () {
		430	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
		431	my $handler = (pop @unblock_pool or new Coro \&unblock_handler_);
		432	$handler->{arg} = $cb;
		433	$handler->ready;
		434	cede;
		435	}
		436
		437	schedule;
		438	}
		439	};
		440
		441	sub unblock_sub(&) {
		442	my $cb = shift;
		443
		444	sub {
		445	push @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
		446	$unblock_scheduler->ready;
		447	}
		448	}
		449
		450	=back
		451
281	=cut	452	=cut
282		453
283	1;	454	1;
284		455
285	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	456	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
286		457
287	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global destruction.	458	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
288	very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).	459	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
		460
289	- this module is not thread-safe. You must only ever use this module from	461	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
290	the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future to	462	from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future
291	allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow this).	463	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
		464	this).
292		465
293	=head1 SEE ALSO	466	=head1 SEE ALSO
294		467
295	L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>,	468	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.
296	L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::RWLock>,	469
297	L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.	470	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
		471
		472	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.
		473
		474	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>
298		475
299	=head1 AUTHOR	476	=head1 AUTHOR
300		477
301	Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>	478	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
302	http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/	479	http://home.schmorp.de/
303		480
304	=cut	481	=cut
305		482

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.36 by root, Mon Sep 24 01:36:20 2001 UTC vs. Revision 1.101 by root, Fri Dec 29 08:36:34 2006 UTC

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.36 by root, Mon Sep 24 01:36:20 2001 UTC vs.
Revision 1.101 by root, Fri Dec 29 08:36:34 2006 UTC