| … | |
… | |
| 19 | cede; |
19 | cede; |
| 20 | |
20 | |
| 21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
| 22 | |
22 | |
| 23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
| 24 | Threads but don't run in parallel. |
24 | threads but don't run in parallel. |
| 25 | |
|
|
| 26 | This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below. |
|
|
| 27 | |
25 | |
| 28 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables |
26 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables |
| 29 | + @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own |
27 | + @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own |
| 30 | callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most |
28 | callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most |
| 31 | important global variables. |
29 | important global variables. |
| 32 | |
30 | |
| 33 | =cut |
31 | =cut |
| 34 | |
32 | |
| 35 | package Coro; |
33 | package Coro; |
| 36 | |
34 | |
|
|
35 | use strict; |
| 37 | no warnings qw(uninitialized); |
36 | no warnings "uninitialized"; |
| 38 | |
37 | |
| 39 | use Coro::State; |
38 | use Coro::State; |
| 40 | |
39 | |
| 41 | use base Exporter; |
40 | use base Exporter::; |
| 42 | |
41 | |
| 43 | $VERSION = 0.51; |
42 | our $idle; # idle coroutine |
|
|
43 | our $main; # main coroutine |
|
|
44 | our $current; # current coroutine |
| 44 | |
45 | |
|
|
46 | our $VERSION = 1.8; |
|
|
47 | |
| 45 | @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); |
48 | our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); |
| 46 | %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
49 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
| 47 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
50 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
| 48 | ); |
51 | ); |
| 49 | @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; |
52 | our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; |
| 50 | |
53 | |
| 51 | { |
54 | { |
| 52 | my @async; |
55 | my @async; |
| 53 | my $init; |
56 | my $init; |
| 54 | |
57 | |
| 55 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
58 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
| 56 | sub import { |
59 | sub import { |
|
|
60 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
|
61 | |
| 57 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
62 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
|
|
63 | |
| 58 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
64 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
| 59 | *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { |
65 | *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { |
| 60 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
66 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
| 61 | my @attrs; |
67 | my @attrs; |
| 62 | for (@_) { |
68 | for (@_) { |
| … | |
… | |
| 77 | }; |
83 | }; |
| 78 | } |
84 | } |
| 79 | |
85 | |
| 80 | } |
86 | } |
| 81 | |
87 | |
|
|
88 | =over 4 |
|
|
89 | |
| 82 | =item $main |
90 | =item $main |
| 83 | |
91 | |
| 84 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
92 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
| 85 | |
93 | |
| 86 | =cut |
94 | =cut |
| 87 | |
95 | |
| 88 | our $main = new Coro; |
96 | $main = new Coro; |
| 89 | |
97 | |
| 90 | =item $current (or as function: current) |
98 | =item $current (or as function: current) |
| 91 | |
99 | |
| 92 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). |
100 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). |
| 93 | |
101 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 96 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
104 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
| 97 | if ($current) { |
105 | if ($current) { |
| 98 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
106 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
| 99 | } |
107 | } |
| 100 | |
108 | |
| 101 | our $current = $main; |
109 | $current = $main; |
| 102 | |
110 | |
| 103 | sub current() { $current } |
111 | sub current() { $current } |
| 104 | |
112 | |
| 105 | =item $idle |
113 | =item $idle |
| 106 | |
114 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 108 | implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. |
116 | implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. |
| 109 | |
117 | |
| 110 | =cut |
118 | =cut |
| 111 | |
119 | |
| 112 | # should be done using priorities :( |
120 | # should be done using priorities :( |
| 113 | our $idle = new Coro sub { |
121 | $idle = new Coro sub { |
| 114 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
122 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
| 115 | exit(51); |
123 | exit(51); |
| 116 | }; |
124 | }; |
| 117 | |
125 | |
| 118 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
126 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
| 119 | # cannot destroy itself. |
127 | # cannot destroy itself. |
| 120 | my @destroy; |
128 | my @destroy; |
| 121 | my $manager; |
129 | my $manager; |
| 122 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
130 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
| 123 | while() { |
131 | while () { |
| 124 | # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it |
132 | # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it |
| 125 | # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has |
133 | # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has |
| 126 | # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager |
134 | # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager |
| 127 | # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always |
135 | # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always |
| 128 | # remove itself from the runqueue |
136 | # remove itself from the runqueue |
| 129 | while (@destroy) { |
137 | while (@destroy) { |
| 130 | my $coro = pop @destroy; |
138 | my $coro = pop @destroy; |
| 131 | $coro->{status} ||= []; |
139 | $coro->{status} ||= []; |
| 132 | $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []}; |
140 | $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []}; |
|
|
141 | |
|
|
142 | # the next line destroys the _coro_state, but keeps the |
|
|
143 | # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie |
|
|
144 | # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible |
|
|
145 | # to transfer() to this process). |
| 133 | $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state}; |
146 | $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state}; |
| 134 | } |
147 | } |
| 135 | &schedule; |
148 | &schedule; |
| 136 | } |
149 | } |
| 137 | }; |
150 | }; |
| 138 | |
151 | |
| 139 | # static methods. not really. |
152 | # static methods. not really. |
| 140 | |
153 | |
|
|
154 | =back |
|
|
155 | |
| 141 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
156 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
| 142 | |
157 | |
| 143 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
158 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
| 144 | |
159 | |
| 145 | =over 4 |
160 | =over 4 |
| … | |
… | |
| 152 | |
167 | |
| 153 | # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments |
168 | # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments |
| 154 | async { |
169 | async { |
| 155 | print "@_\n"; |
170 | print "@_\n"; |
| 156 | } 1,2,3,4; |
171 | } 1,2,3,4; |
| 157 | |
|
|
| 158 | The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables |
|
|
| 159 | in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead. |
|
|
| 160 | |
172 | |
| 161 | =cut |
173 | =cut |
| 162 | |
174 | |
| 163 | sub async(&@) { |
175 | sub async(&@) { |
| 164 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
176 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
| … | |
… | |
| 183 | |
195 | |
| 184 | =cut |
196 | =cut |
| 185 | |
197 | |
| 186 | =item terminate [arg...] |
198 | =item terminate [arg...] |
| 187 | |
199 | |
| 188 | Terminates the current process. |
200 | Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). |
| 189 | |
|
|
| 190 | Future versions of this function will allow result arguments. |
|
|
| 191 | |
201 | |
| 192 | =cut |
202 | =cut |
| 193 | |
203 | |
| 194 | sub terminate { |
204 | sub terminate { |
| 195 | $current->{status} = [@_]; |
|
|
| 196 | $current->cancel; |
205 | $current->cancel (@_); |
| 197 | &schedule; |
|
|
| 198 | die; # NORETURN |
|
|
| 199 | } |
206 | } |
| 200 | |
207 | |
| 201 | =back |
208 | =back |
| 202 | |
209 | |
| 203 | # dynamic methods |
210 | # dynamic methods |
| … | |
… | |
| 210 | |
217 | |
| 211 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
218 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
| 212 | |
219 | |
| 213 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
220 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
| 214 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
221 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
| 215 | called. To start the process you must first put it into the ready queue by |
222 | called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue |
| 216 | calling the ready method. |
223 | by calling the ready method. |
| 217 | |
|
|
| 218 | The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables |
|
|
| 219 | in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead. |
|
|
| 220 | |
224 | |
| 221 | =cut |
225 | =cut |
| 222 | |
226 | |
| 223 | sub _newcoro { |
227 | sub _newcoro { |
| 224 | terminate &{+shift}; |
228 | terminate &{+shift}; |
| … | |
… | |
| 235 | |
239 | |
| 236 | Put the given process into the ready queue. |
240 | Put the given process into the ready queue. |
| 237 | |
241 | |
| 238 | =cut |
242 | =cut |
| 239 | |
243 | |
| 240 | =item $process->cancel |
244 | =item $process->cancel (arg...) |
| 241 | |
245 | |
| 242 | Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead. |
246 | Temrinates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as |
|
|
247 | status (default: the empty list). |
| 243 | |
248 | |
| 244 | =cut |
249 | =cut |
| 245 | |
250 | |
| 246 | sub cancel { |
251 | sub cancel { |
|
|
252 | my $self = shift; |
|
|
253 | $self->{status} = [@_]; |
| 247 | push @destroy, $_[0]; |
254 | push @destroy, $self; |
| 248 | $manager->ready; |
255 | $manager->ready; |
| 249 | &schedule if $current == $_[0]; |
256 | &schedule if $current == $self; |
| 250 | } |
257 | } |
| 251 | |
258 | |
| 252 | =item $process->join |
259 | =item $process->join |
| 253 | |
260 | |
| 254 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
261 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
| 255 | C<terminate> function. C<join> can be called multiple times from multiple |
262 | C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times |
| 256 | processes. |
263 | from multiple processes. |
| 257 | |
264 | |
| 258 | =cut |
265 | =cut |
| 259 | |
266 | |
| 260 | sub join { |
267 | sub join { |
| 261 | my $self = shift; |
268 | my $self = shift; |
| … | |
… | |
| 266 | wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; |
273 | wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; |
| 267 | } |
274 | } |
| 268 | |
275 | |
| 269 | =item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) |
276 | =item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) |
| 270 | |
277 | |
| 271 | Sets the priority of the process. Higher priority processes get run before |
278 | Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the |
|
|
279 | process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority |
| 272 | lower priority processes. Priorities are smalled signed integer (currently |
280 | processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), |
| 273 | -4 .. +3), that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import |
281 | that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio |
| 274 | tag :prio to get then): |
282 | to get then): |
| 275 | |
283 | |
| 276 | PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN |
284 | PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN |
| 277 | 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 |
285 | 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 |
| 278 | |
286 | |
| 279 | # set priority to HIGH |
287 | # set priority to HIGH |
| … | |
… | |
| 304 | |
312 | |
| 305 | sub nice { |
313 | sub nice { |
| 306 | $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1]; |
314 | $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1]; |
| 307 | } |
315 | } |
| 308 | |
316 | |
|
|
317 | =item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) |
|
|
318 | |
|
|
319 | Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this |
|
|
320 | process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. |
|
|
321 | |
|
|
322 | =cut |
|
|
323 | |
|
|
324 | sub desc { |
|
|
325 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
|
|
326 | $_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
|
|
327 | $old; |
|
|
328 | } |
|
|
329 | |
| 309 | =back |
330 | =back |
| 310 | |
331 | |
| 311 | =cut |
332 | =cut |
| 312 | |
333 | |
| 313 | 1; |
334 | 1; |
| 314 | |
335 | |
| 315 | =head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS |
336 | =head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS |
| 316 | |
337 | |
| 317 | - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global destruction. |
338 | - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global |
| 318 | very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). |
339 | destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). |
|
|
340 | |
| 319 | - this module is not thread-safe. You must only ever use this module from |
341 | - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module |
| 320 | the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future to |
342 | from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future |
| 321 | allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow this). |
343 | to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
|
|
344 | this). |
| 322 | |
345 | |
| 323 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
346 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
| 324 | |
347 | |
| 325 | L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, |
348 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. |
| 326 | L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::RWLock>, |
349 | |
| 327 | L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>. |
350 | Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
|
|
351 | |
|
|
352 | Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. |
|
|
353 | |
|
|
354 | Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> |
| 328 | |
355 | |
| 329 | =head1 AUTHOR |
356 | =head1 AUTHOR |
| 330 | |
357 | |
| 331 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> |
358 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
| 332 | http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/ |
359 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
| 333 | |
360 | |
| 334 | =cut |
361 | =cut |
| 335 | |
362 | |
