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Revision 1.91 by root, Fri Dec 1 02:17:37 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.152 by root, Sun Oct 7 13:53:37 2007 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
41 57
42our $idle; # idle handler 58our $idle; # idle handler
43our $main; # main coroutine 59our $main; # main coroutine
44our $current; # current coroutine 60our $current; # current coroutine
45 61
46our $VERSION = '3.0'; 62our $VERSION = '4.1';
47 63
48our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
49our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
50 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
51); 67);
52our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
53 69
54{ 70{
55 my @async; 71 my @async;
56 my $init; 72 my $init;
57 73
58 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
59 sub import { 75 sub import {
60 no strict 'refs'; 76 no strict 'refs';
61 77
62 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
63 79
64 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
65 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
66 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
67 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
99 115
100The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
101is C<$main> (of course). 117is C<$main> (of course).
102 118
103This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance 119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
104reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the 120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
105C<Coro::current> function instead. 121C<Coro::current> function instead.
106 122
107=cut 123=cut
108 124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
126
109# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
110if ($current) {
111 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
112} 129 if $current;
113 130
114$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
115 132
116sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
117 134
118=item $idle 135=item $idle
119 136
124This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
125C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a 142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
126coroutine so the scheduler can run it. 143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
127 144
128Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
129handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively. 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
130 147
131=cut 148=cut
132 149
133$idle = sub { 150$idle = sub {
134 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 151 require Carp;
135 exit (51); 152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
136}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
137 166
138# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
139# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
140my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
170my $manager;
171
141my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
142 while () { 173 while () {
143 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
144 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
145 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
146 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
147 # remove itself from the runqueue
148 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
149 my $coro = pop @destroy;
150 $coro->{status} ||= [];
151 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
152 176
153 # the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the
154 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
155 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
156 # to transfer() to this process).
157 $coro->_clone_state_from ($manager);
158 }
159 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
160 } 178 }
161}; 179};
180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
162 182
163# static methods. not really. 183# static methods. not really.
164 184
165=back 185=back
166 186
167=head2 STATIC METHODS 187=head2 STATIC METHODS
168 188
169Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 189Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
170 190
171=over 4 191=over 4
172 192
173=item async { ... } [@args...] 193=item async { ... } [@args...]
174 194
175Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 195Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
176(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 196(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
177terminated. 197terminated.
178 198
179Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that. 199See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
200environment in which coroutines run.
180 201
181When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main 202Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
182program. 203the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
204just as it would in the main program.
183 205
184 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 206 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
185 async { 207 async {
186 print "@_\n"; 208 print "@_\n";
187 } 1,2,3,4; 209 } 1,2,3,4;
188 210
189=cut 211=cut
190 212
191sub async(&@) { 213sub async(&@) {
192 my $pid = new Coro @_; 214 my $coro = new Coro @_;
193 $pid->ready; 215 $coro->ready;
194 $pid 216 $coro
217}
218
219=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
220
221Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
222terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
223that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
224
225Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
226issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
227C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
228will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
229which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
230
231The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
232disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
233gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
234be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
235stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
236done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
237
238The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
239changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
240required.
241
242If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
243single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
244{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
245addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
246(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
247
248=cut
249
250our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
251our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
252our @async_pool;
253
254sub pool_handler {
255 my $cb;
256
257 while () {
258 eval {
259 while () {
260 _pool_1 $cb;
261 &$cb;
262 _pool_2 $cb;
263 &schedule;
264 }
265 };
266
267 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
268 warn $@ if $@;
269 }
270}
271
272sub async_pool(&@) {
273 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
274 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
275
276 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
277 $coro->ready;
278
279 $coro
195} 280}
196 281
197=item schedule 282=item schedule
198 283
199Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 284Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
200into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 285into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
201never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls 286never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
202ready. 287ready.
203 288
204The canonical way to wait on external events is this: 289The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
205 290
206 { 291 {
207 # remember current process 292 # remember current coroutine
208 my $current = $Coro::current; 293 my $current = $Coro::current;
209 294
210 # register a hypothetical event handler 295 # register a hypothetical event handler
211 on_event_invoke sub { 296 on_event_invoke sub {
212 # wake up sleeping coroutine 297 # wake up sleeping coroutine
213 $current->ready; 298 $current->ready;
214 undef $current; 299 undef $current;
215 }; 300 };
216 301
217 # call schedule until event occured. 302 # call schedule until event occurred.
218 # in case we are woken up for other reasons 303 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
219 # (current still defined), loop. 304 # (current still defined), loop.
220 Coro::schedule while $current; 305 Coro::schedule while $current;
221 } 306 }
222 307
223=cut
224
225=item cede 308=item cede
226 309
227"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 310"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
228ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 311ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
229current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 312current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
230 313
231=cut 314Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
315
316=item Coro::cede_notself
317
318Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
319coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
320
321Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
232 322
233=item terminate [arg...] 323=item terminate [arg...]
234 324
235Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 325Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
326
327=item killall
328
329Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
330one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
331usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
236 332
237=cut 333=cut
238 334
239sub terminate { 335sub terminate {
240 $current->cancel (@_); 336 $current->cancel (@_);
241} 337}
242 338
339sub killall {
340 for (Coro::State::list) {
341 $_->cancel
342 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
343 }
344}
345
243=back 346=back
244 347
245# dynamic methods 348# dynamic methods
246 349
247=head2 PROCESS METHODS 350=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
248 351
249These are the methods you can call on process objects. 352These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
250 353
251=over 4 354=over 4
252 355
253=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 356=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
254 357
255Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 358Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
256automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 359automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
257called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 360called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
258by calling the ready method. 361by calling the ready method.
259 362
260Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that. 363See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
364coroutine environment.
261 365
262=cut 366=cut
263 367
264sub _new_coro { 368sub _run_coro {
265 terminate &{+shift}; 369 terminate &{+shift};
266} 370}
267 371
268sub new { 372sub new {
269 my $class = shift; 373 my $class = shift;
270 374
271 $class->SUPER::new (\&_new_coro, @_) 375 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
272} 376}
273 377
274=item $success = $process->ready 378=item $success = $coroutine->ready
275 379
276Put the given process into the ready queue (according to it's priority) 380Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
277and return true. If the process is already in the ready queue, do nothing 381and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
278and return false. 382and return false.
279 383
280=item $is_ready = $process->is_ready 384=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
281 385
282Return wether the process is currently the ready queue or not, 386Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
283 387
284=item $process->cancel (arg...) 388=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
285 389
286Terminates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 390Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
287status (default: the empty list). 391status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
392current coroutine.
288 393
289=cut 394=cut
290 395
291sub cancel { 396sub cancel {
292 my $self = shift; 397 my $self = shift;
293 $self->{status} = [@_]; 398 $self->{_status} = [@_];
399
400 if ($current == $self) {
294 push @destroy, $self; 401 push @destroy, $self;
295 $manager->ready; 402 $manager->ready;
296 &schedule if $current == $self; 403 &schedule while 1;
404 } else {
405 $self->_cancel;
406 }
297} 407}
298 408
299=item $process->join 409=item $coroutine->join
300 410
301Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 411Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
302C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 412C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
303from multiple processes. 413from multiple coroutines.
304 414
305=cut 415=cut
306 416
307sub join { 417sub join {
308 my $self = shift; 418 my $self = shift;
419
309 unless ($self->{status}) { 420 unless ($self->{_status}) {
310 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 421 my $current = $current;
311 &schedule; 422
423 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
424 $current->ready;
425 undef $current;
426 };
427
428 &schedule while $current;
312 } 429 }
430
313 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 431 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
314} 432}
315 433
434=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
435
436Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
437but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
438if any.
439
440=cut
441
442sub on_destroy {
443 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
444
445 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
446}
447
316=item $oldprio = $process->prio ($newprio) 448=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
317 449
318Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 450Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
319process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 451coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
320processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 452coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
321that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 453that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
322to get then): 454to get then):
323 455
324 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 456 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
325 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 457 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
328 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 460 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
329 461
330The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 462The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
331existing coroutine. 463existing coroutine.
332 464
333Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 465Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
334but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 466but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
335running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 467running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
336process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 468coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
337 469
338=item $newprio = $process->nice ($change) 470=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
339 471
340Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 472Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
341higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 473higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
342 474
343=item $olddesc = $process->desc ($newdesc) 475=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
344 476
345Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 477Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
346process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 478coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
479
480This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
481can modify this member directly if you wish.
482
483=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
484
485If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
486inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
487it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
488exception object.
489
490The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
491C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
492(unlike with C<die>).
493
494This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
495end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
496termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
497program.
347 498
348=cut 499=cut
349 500
350sub desc { 501sub desc {
351 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 502 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
353 $old; 504 $old;
354} 505}
355 506
356=back 507=back
357 508
509=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
510
511=over 4
512
513=item Coro::nready
514
515Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
516i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
517coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
518and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
519that wakes up some coroutines.
520
521=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
522
523This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
524gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
525executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
526runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
527guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
528C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
529
530Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
531or the function returns:
532
533 sub do_something {
534 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
535 $busy = 1;
536
537 # do something that requires $busy to be true
538 }
539
540=cut
541
542sub guard(&) {
543 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
544}
545
546sub Coro::guard::cancel {
547 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
548}
549
550sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
551 ${$_[0]}->();
552}
553
554
555=item unblock_sub { ... }
556
557This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
558returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
559immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
560ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
561
562The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
563venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
564of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
565otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
566
567This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
568coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
569is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
570disk.
571
572In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
573creating event callbacks that want to block.
574
575=cut
576
577our @unblock_queue;
578
579# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
580# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
581# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
582# inside an event callback.
583our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
584 while () {
585 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
586 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
587 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
588
589 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
590 $coro->ready;
591 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
592 }
593 schedule; # sleep well
594 }
595};
596$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
597
598sub unblock_sub(&) {
599 my $cb = shift;
600
601 sub {
602 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
603 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
604 }
605}
606
607=back
608
358=cut 609=cut
359 610
3601; 6111;
361 612
362=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 613=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
363 614
364 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 615 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
365 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 616 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
366 617
367 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 618 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
368 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 619 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
369 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 620 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
370 this). 621 this).
371 622
372=head1 SEE ALSO 623=head1 SEE ALSO
373 624
625Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
626
627Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
628
374Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. 629Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
375 630
376Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. 631Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
377 632
378Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. 633Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
379 634
635Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
636
380Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> 637Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>.
381 638
382=head1 AUTHOR 639=head1 AUTHOR
383 640
384 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 641 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
385 http://home.schmorp.de/ 642 http://home.schmorp.de/

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