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Revision 1.91 by root, Fri Dec 1 02:17:37 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.178 by root, Thu Apr 17 22:33:10 2008 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
41 57
42our $idle; # idle handler 58our $idle; # idle handler
43our $main; # main coroutine 59our $main; # main coroutine
44our $current; # current coroutine 60our $current; # current coroutine
45 61
46our $VERSION = '3.0'; 62our $VERSION = '4.51';
47 63
48our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
49our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
50 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
51); 67);
52our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
53 69
54{ 70{
55 my @async; 71 my @async;
56 my $init; 72 my $init;
57 73
58 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
59 sub import { 75 sub import {
60 no strict 'refs'; 76 no strict 'refs';
61 77
62 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
63 79
64 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
65 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
66 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
67 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
99 115
100The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
101is C<$main> (of course). 117is C<$main> (of course).
102 118
103This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance 119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
104reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the 120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
105C<Coro::current> function instead. 121C<Coro::current> function instead.
106 122
107=cut 123=cut
108 124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
126
109# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
110if ($current) {
111 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
112} 129 if $current;
113 130
114$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
115 132
116sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
117 134
118=item $idle 135=item $idle
119 136
124This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
125C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a 142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
126coroutine so the scheduler can run it. 143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
127 144
128Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
129handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively. 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
130 147
131=cut 148=cut
132 149
133$idle = sub { 150$idle = sub {
134 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 151 require Carp;
135 exit (51); 152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
136}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
137 166
138# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
139# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
140my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
170my $manager;
171
141my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
142 while () { 173 while () {
143 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
144 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
145 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
146 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
147 # remove itself from the runqueue
148 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
149 my $coro = pop @destroy;
150 $coro->{status} ||= [];
151 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
152 176
153 # the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the
154 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
155 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
156 # to transfer() to this process).
157 $coro->_clone_state_from ($manager);
158 }
159 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
160 } 178 }
161}; 179};
162 180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
163# static methods. not really. 181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
164 182
165=back 183=back
166 184
167=head2 STATIC METHODS 185=head2 STATIC METHODS
168 186
169Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 187Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
170 188
171=over 4 189=over 4
172 190
173=item async { ... } [@args...] 191=item async { ... } [@args...]
174 192
175Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 193Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
176(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 194(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
177terminated. 195terminated.
178 196
179Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that. 197See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
198environment in which coroutines run.
180 199
181When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main 200Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
182program. 201the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
202just as it would in the main program.
183 203
184 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 204 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
185 async { 205 async {
186 print "@_\n"; 206 print "@_\n";
187 } 1,2,3,4; 207 } 1,2,3,4;
188 208
189=cut 209=cut
190 210
191sub async(&@) { 211sub async(&@) {
192 my $pid = new Coro @_; 212 my $coro = new Coro @_;
193 $pid->ready; 213 $coro->ready;
194 $pid 214 $coro
215}
216
217=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
218
219Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
220terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
221that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
222
223Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
224issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
225C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
226will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
227which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
228
229The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
230disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
231gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
232be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
233stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
234done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
235
236The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
237changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
238required.
239
240If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
241single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
242{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
243addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
244(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
245
246=cut
247
248our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
249our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
250our @async_pool;
251
252sub pool_handler {
253 my $cb;
254
255 while () {
256 eval {
257 while () {
258 _pool_1 $cb;
259 &$cb;
260 _pool_2 $cb;
261 &schedule;
262 }
263 };
264
265 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
266 warn $@ if $@;
267 }
268}
269
270sub async_pool(&@) {
271 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
272 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
273
274 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
275 $coro->ready;
276
277 $coro
195} 278}
196 279
197=item schedule 280=item schedule
198 281
199Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 282Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
200into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 283into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
201never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls 284never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
202ready. 285ready.
203 286
204The canonical way to wait on external events is this: 287The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
205 288
206 { 289 {
207 # remember current process 290 # remember current coroutine
208 my $current = $Coro::current; 291 my $current = $Coro::current;
209 292
210 # register a hypothetical event handler 293 # register a hypothetical event handler
211 on_event_invoke sub { 294 on_event_invoke sub {
212 # wake up sleeping coroutine 295 # wake up sleeping coroutine
213 $current->ready; 296 $current->ready;
214 undef $current; 297 undef $current;
215 }; 298 };
216 299
217 # call schedule until event occured. 300 # call schedule until event occurred.
218 # in case we are woken up for other reasons 301 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
219 # (current still defined), loop. 302 # (current still defined), loop.
220 Coro::schedule while $current; 303 Coro::schedule while $current;
221 } 304 }
222 305
223=cut
224
225=item cede 306=item cede
226 307
227"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 308"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
228ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 309ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
229current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 310current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
230 311
231=cut 312=item Coro::cede_notself
313
314Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
315coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
232 316
233=item terminate [arg...] 317=item terminate [arg...]
234 318
235Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 319Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
320
321=item killall
322
323Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
324one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
325usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
236 326
237=cut 327=cut
238 328
239sub terminate { 329sub terminate {
240 $current->cancel (@_); 330 $current->cancel (@_);
241} 331}
242 332
333sub killall {
334 for (Coro::State::list) {
335 $_->cancel
336 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
337 }
338}
339
243=back 340=back
244 341
245# dynamic methods
246
247=head2 PROCESS METHODS 342=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
248 343
249These are the methods you can call on process objects. 344These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
250 345
251=over 4 346=over 4
252 347
253=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 348=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
254 349
255Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 350Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
256automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 351automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
257called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 352called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
258by calling the ready method. 353by calling the ready method.
259 354
260Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that. 355See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
356coroutine environment.
261 357
262=cut 358=cut
263 359
264sub _new_coro { 360sub _run_coro {
265 terminate &{+shift}; 361 terminate &{+shift};
266} 362}
267 363
268sub new { 364sub new {
269 my $class = shift; 365 my $class = shift;
270 366
271 $class->SUPER::new (\&_new_coro, @_) 367 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
272} 368}
273 369
274=item $success = $process->ready 370=item $success = $coroutine->ready
275 371
276Put the given process into the ready queue (according to it's priority) 372Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
277and return true. If the process is already in the ready queue, do nothing 373and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
278and return false. 374and return false.
279 375
280=item $is_ready = $process->is_ready 376=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
281 377
282Return wether the process is currently the ready queue or not, 378Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
283 379
284=item $process->cancel (arg...) 380=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
285 381
286Terminates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 382Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
287status (default: the empty list). 383status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
384current coroutine.
288 385
289=cut 386=cut
290 387
291sub cancel { 388sub cancel {
292 my $self = shift; 389 my $self = shift;
293 $self->{status} = [@_]; 390 $self->{_status} = [@_];
391
392 if ($current == $self) {
294 push @destroy, $self; 393 push @destroy, $self;
295 $manager->ready; 394 $manager->ready;
296 &schedule if $current == $self; 395 &schedule while 1;
396 } else {
397 $self->_cancel;
398 }
297} 399}
298 400
299=item $process->join 401=item $coroutine->join
300 402
301Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 403Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
302C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 404C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
303from multiple processes. 405from multiple coroutines.
304 406
305=cut 407=cut
306 408
307sub join { 409sub join {
308 my $self = shift; 410 my $self = shift;
411
309 unless ($self->{status}) { 412 unless ($self->{_status}) {
310 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 413 my $current = $current;
311 &schedule; 414
415 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
416 $current->ready;
417 undef $current;
418 };
419
420 &schedule while $current;
312 } 421 }
422
313 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 423 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
314} 424}
315 425
426=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
427
428Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
429but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
430if any.
431
432=cut
433
434sub on_destroy {
435 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
436
437 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
438}
439
316=item $oldprio = $process->prio ($newprio) 440=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
317 441
318Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 442Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
319process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 443coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
320processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 444coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
321that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 445that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
322to get then): 446to get then):
323 447
324 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 448 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
325 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 449 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
328 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 452 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
329 453
330The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 454The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
331existing coroutine. 455existing coroutine.
332 456
333Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 457Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
334but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 458but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
335running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 459running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
336process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 460coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
337 461
338=item $newprio = $process->nice ($change) 462=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
339 463
340Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 464Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
341higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 465higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
342 466
343=item $olddesc = $process->desc ($newdesc) 467=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
344 468
345Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 469Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
346process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 470coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
471
472This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
473can modify this member directly if you wish.
474
475=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
476
477If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
478inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
479it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
480exception object.
481
482The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
483C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
484(unlike with C<die>).
485
486This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
487end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
488termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
489program.
347 490
348=cut 491=cut
349 492
350sub desc { 493sub desc {
351 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 494 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
353 $old; 496 $old;
354} 497}
355 498
356=back 499=back
357 500
501=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
502
503=over 4
504
505=item Coro::nready
506
507Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
508i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
509coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
510and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
511that wakes up some coroutines.
512
513=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
514
515This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
516gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
517executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
518runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
519guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
520C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
521
522Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
523or the function returns:
524
525 sub do_something {
526 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
527 $busy = 1;
528
529 # do something that requires $busy to be true
530 }
531
532=cut
533
534sub guard(&) {
535 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
536}
537
538sub Coro::guard::cancel {
539 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
540}
541
542sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
543 ${$_[0]}->();
544}
545
546
547=item unblock_sub { ... }
548
549This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
550returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
551immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
552ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
553
554The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
555venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
556of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
557otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
558
559This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
560coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
561is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
562disk.
563
564In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
565creating event callbacks that want to block.
566
567=cut
568
569our @unblock_queue;
570
571# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
572# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
573# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
574# inside an event callback.
575our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
576 while () {
577 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
578 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
579 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
580
581 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
582 $coro->ready;
583 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
584 }
585 schedule; # sleep well
586 }
587};
588$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
589
590sub unblock_sub(&) {
591 my $cb = shift;
592
593 sub {
594 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
595 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
596 }
597}
598
599=back
600
358=cut 601=cut
359 602
3601; 6031;
361 604
362=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 605=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
363 606
364 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 607 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
365 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 608 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
366 609
367 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 610 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
368 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 611 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
369 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 612 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
370 this). 613 this).
371 614
372=head1 SEE ALSO 615=head1 SEE ALSO
373 616
617Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
618
619Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
620
374Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. 621Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
375 622
376Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. 623Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
377 624
378Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. 625Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
379 626
627Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
628
380Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> 629Embedding: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
381 630
382=head1 AUTHOR 631=head1 AUTHOR
383 632
384 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 633 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
385 http://home.schmorp.de/ 634 http://home.schmorp.de/

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