[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.119 by root, Wed Mar 28 14:24:17 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.162 by root, Wed Dec 12 19:09:33 2007 UTC

…		…
6		6
7	use Coro;	7	use Coro;
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
		11	print "2\n";
		12	cede; # yield back to main
		13	print "4\n";
11	};	14	};
		15	print "1\n";
		16	cede; # yield to coroutine
		17	print "3\n";
		18	cede; # and again
12		19
13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:	20	# use locking
		21	my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
		22	my $locked;
14		23
15	sub some_func : Coro {	24	$lock->down;
16	# some more async code	25	$locked = 1;
17	}	26	$lock->up;
18
19	cede;
20		27
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	28	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		29
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar	30	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP	31	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
25	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine use din this module also	32	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
26	guarentees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless	33	guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
27	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and	34	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
28	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much	35	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
29	safer than threads programming.	36	safer than threads programming.
30		37
31	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a	38	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
…		…
33	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).	40	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
34		41
35	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +	42	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
36	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,	43	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
37	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global	44	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
38	variables.	45	variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
39		46
40	=cut	47	=cut
41		48
42	package Coro;	49	package Coro;
43		50
…		…
50		57
51	our $idle; # idle handler	58	our $idle; # idle handler
52	our $main; # main coroutine	59	our $main; # main coroutine
53	our $current; # current coroutine	60	our $current; # current coroutine
54		61
55	our $VERSION = '3.55';	62	our $VERSION = '4.31';
56		63
57	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);	64	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
58	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (	65	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
59	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	66	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
60	);	67	);
…		…
108		115
109	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value	116	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
110	is C<$main> (of course).	117	is C<$main> (of course).
111		118
112	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance	119	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
113	reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the	120	reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
114	C<Coro::current> function instead.	121	C<Coro::current> function instead.
115		122
116	=cut	123	=cut
117		124
		125	$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
		126
118	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	127	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
119	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific}	128	$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
120	if $current;	129	if $current;
121		130
122	_set_current $main;	131	_set_current $main;
123		132
124	sub current() { $current }	133	sub current() { $current }
…		…
132	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and	141	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
133	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a	142	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
134	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.	143	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
135		144
136	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event	145	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
137	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.	146	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
138		147
139	=cut	148	=cut
140		149
141	$idle = sub {	150	$idle = sub {
142	require Carp;	151	require Carp;
…		…
149	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed	158	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed
150	$self->_destroy	159	$self->_destroy
151	or return;	160	or return;
152		161
153	# call all destruction callbacks	162	# call all destruction callbacks
154	$_->(@{$self->{status}})	163	$_->(@{$self->{_status}})
155	for @{(delete $self->{destroy_cb}) \|\| []};	164	for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) \|\| []};
156	}	165	}
157		166
158	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	167	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
159	# cannot destroy itself.	168	# cannot destroy itself.
160	my @destroy;	169	my @destroy;
…		…
166	while @destroy;	175	while @destroy;
167		176
168	&schedule;	177	&schedule;
169	}	178	}
170	};	179	};
171		180	$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
172	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);	181	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
173		182
174	# static methods. not really.	183	# static methods. not really.
175		184
176	=back	185	=back
…		…
185		194
186	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object	195	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
187	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically	196	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
188	terminated.	197	terminated.
189		198
190	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.	199	See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
		200	environment in which coroutines run.
191		201
192	When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main	202	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
193	program.	203	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
		204	just as it would in the main program.
194		205
195	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	206	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
196	async {	207	async {
197	print "@_\n";	208	print "@_\n";
198	} 1,2,3,4;	209	} 1,2,3,4;
…		…
215	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as	226	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
216	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>	227	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
217	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,	228	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
218	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.	229	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
219		230
220	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, otherwise the coroutine	231	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
221	will be re-used "as-is".	232	disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
		233	gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
		234	be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
		235	stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
		236	done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
222		237
223	The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by	238	The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
224	changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as	239	changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
225	required.	240	required.
226		241
227	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a	242	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
228	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool {	243	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
229	terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool.	244	{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
		245	addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
		246	(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
230		247
231	=cut	248	=cut
232		249
233	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;	250	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
		251	our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
234	our @pool;	252	our @async_pool;
235		253
236	sub pool_handler {	254	sub pool_handler {
		255	my $cb;
		256
237	while () {	257	while () {
238	eval {	258	eval {
239	my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $current->{_invoke} or return };	259	while () {
240	$cb->(@arg);	260	_pool_1 $cb;
		261	&$cb;
		262	_pool_2 $cb;
		263	&schedule;
		264	}
241	};	265	};
		266
		267	last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
242	warn $@ if $@;	268	warn $@ if $@;
243
244	last if @pool >= $POOL_SIZE;
245	push @pool, $current;
246
247	$current->save (Coro::State::SAVE_DEF);
248	$current->prio (0);
249	schedule;
250	}	269	}
251	}	270	}
252		271
253	sub async_pool(&@) {	272	sub async_pool(&@) {
254	# this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler	273	# this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
255	my $coro = (pop @pool or new Coro \&pool_handler);	274	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
256		275
257	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];	276	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
258	$coro->ready;	277	$coro->ready;
259		278
260	$coro	279	$coro
…		…
278	# wake up sleeping coroutine	297	# wake up sleeping coroutine
279	$current->ready;	298	$current->ready;
280	undef $current;	299	undef $current;
281	};	300	};
282		301
283	# call schedule until event occured.	302	# call schedule until event occurred.
284	# in case we are woken up for other reasons	303	# in case we are woken up for other reasons
285	# (current still defined), loop.	304	# (current still defined), loop.
286	Coro::schedule while $current;	305	Coro::schedule while $current;
287	}	306	}
288		307
…		…
290		309
291	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the	310	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
292	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	311	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
293	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	312	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
294		313
295	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
296
297	=item Coro::cede_notself	314	=item Coro::cede_notself
298		315
299	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any	316	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
300	coroutine, regardless of priority, once.	317	coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
301		318
302	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
303
304	=item terminate [arg...]	319	=item terminate [arg...]
305		320
306	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).	321	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
		322
		323	=item killall
		324
		325	Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
		326	one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
		327	usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
307		328
308	=cut	329	=cut
309		330
310	sub terminate {	331	sub terminate {
311	$current->cancel (@_);	332	$current->cancel (@_);
		333	}
		334
		335	sub killall {
		336	for (Coro::State::list) {
		337	$_->cancel
		338	if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
		339	}
312	}	340	}
313		341
314	=back	342	=back
315		343
316	# dynamic methods	344	# dynamic methods
…		…
326	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine	354	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
327	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were	355	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
328	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue	356	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
329	by calling the ready method.	357	by calling the ready method.
330		358
331	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will not work correctly, so do not do that.	359	See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
		360	coroutine environment.
332		361
333	=cut	362	=cut
334		363
335	sub _run_coro {	364	sub _run_coro {
336	terminate &{+shift};	365	terminate &{+shift};
…		…
360		389
361	=cut	390	=cut
362		391
363	sub cancel {	392	sub cancel {
364	my $self = shift;	393	my $self = shift;
365	$self->{status} = [@_];	394	$self->{_status} = [@_];
366		395
367	if ($current == $self) {	396	if ($current == $self) {
368	push @destroy, $self;	397	push @destroy, $self;
369	$manager->ready;	398	$manager->ready;
370	&schedule while 1;	399	&schedule while 1;
…		…
374	}	403	}
375		404
376	=item $coroutine->join	405	=item $coroutine->join
377		406
378	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the	407	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
379	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times	408	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
380	from multiple coroutine.	409	from multiple coroutines.
381		410
382	=cut	411	=cut
383		412
384	sub join {	413	sub join {
385	my $self = shift;	414	my $self = shift;
386		415
387	unless ($self->{status}) {	416	unless ($self->{_status}) {
388	my $current = $current;	417	my $current = $current;
389		418
390	push @{$self->{destroy_cb}}, sub {	419	push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
391	$current->ready;	420	$current->ready;
392	undef $current;	421	undef $current;
393	};	422	};
394		423
395	&schedule while $current;	424	&schedule while $current;
396	}	425	}
397		426
398	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];	427	wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
399	}	428	}
400		429
401	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)	430	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
402		431
403	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,	432	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
…		…
407	=cut	436	=cut
408		437
409	sub on_destroy {	438	sub on_destroy {
410	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	439	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
411		440
412	push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb;	441	push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
413	}	442	}
414		443
415	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)	444	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
416		445
417	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the	446	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
…		…
442	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)	471	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
443		472
444	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this	473	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
445	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.	474	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
446		475
		476	This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
		477	can modify this member directly if you wish.
		478
		479	=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
		480
		481	If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
		482	inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
		483	it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
		484	exception object.
		485
		486	The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
		487	C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
		488	(unlike with C<die>).
		489
		490	This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
		491	end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
		492	termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
		493	program.
		494
447	=cut	495	=cut
448		496
449	sub desc {	497	sub desc {
450	my $old = $_[0]{desc};	498	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
451	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	499	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
459	=over 4	507	=over 4
460		508
461	=item Coro::nready	509	=item Coro::nready
462		510
463	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,	511	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
464	i.e. that can be swicthed to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable	512	i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
465	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,	513	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
466	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler	514	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
467	that wakes up some coroutines.	515	that wakes up some coroutines.
468		516
469	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }	517	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
…		…
505	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,	553	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
506	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return	554	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
507	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code	555	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
508	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.	556	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
509		557
510	The reason this fucntion exists is that many event libraries (such as the	558	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
511	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form	559	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
512	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,	560	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
513	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.	561	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
514		562
515	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another	563	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
…		…
526		574
527	# we create a special coro because we want to cede,	575	# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
528	# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks	576	# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
529	# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede	577	# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
530	# inside an event callback.	578	# inside an event callback.
531	our $unblock_scheduler = async {	579	our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
532	while () {	580	while () {
533	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {	581	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
534	# this is an inlined copy of async_pool	582	# this is an inlined copy of async_pool
535	my $coro = (pop @pool or new Coro \&pool_handler);	583	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
536		584
537	$coro->{_invoke} = $cb;	585	$coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
538	$coro->ready;	586	$coro->ready;
539	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool	587	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
540	}	588	}
541	schedule; # sleep well	589	schedule; # sleep well
542	}	590	}
543	};	591	};
		592	$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
544		593
545	sub unblock_sub(&) {	594	sub unblock_sub(&) {
546	my $cb = shift;	595	my $cb = shift;
547		596
548	sub {	597	sub {
…		…
561		610
562	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global	611	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
563	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).	612	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
564		613
565	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module	614	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
566	from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future	615	from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
567	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow	616	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
568	this).	617	this).
569		618
570	=head1 SEE ALSO	619	=head1 SEE ALSO
571		620
		621	Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
		622
		623	Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
		624
572	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.	625	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
573		626
574	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.	627	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
575		628
576	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.	629	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
577		630
		631	Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
		632
578	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>	633	Embedding: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
579		634
580	=head1 AUTHOR	635	=head1 AUTHOR
581		636
582	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	637	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
583	http://home.schmorp.de/	638	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.119 by root, Wed Mar 28 14:24:17 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.162 by root, Wed Dec 12 19:09:33 2007 UTC

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Comparing Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.119 by root, Wed Mar 28 14:24:17 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.162 by root, Wed Dec 12 19:09:33 2007 UTC