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Revision 1.65 by root, Tue Feb 22 19:51:58 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.152 by root, Sun Oct 7 13:53:37 2007 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
35BEGIN { eval { require warnings } && warnings->unimport ("uninitialized") } 51use strict;
52no warnings "uninitialized";
36 53
37use Coro::State; 54use Coro::State;
38 55
39use vars qw($idle $main $current); 56use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
40 57
41use base Exporter; 58our $idle; # idle handler
59our $main; # main coroutine
60our $current; # current coroutine
42 61
43$VERSION = 1.1; 62our $VERSION = '4.1';
44 63
45@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
46%EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
47 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
48); 67);
49@EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
50 69
51{ 70{
52 my @async; 71 my @async;
53 my $init; 72 my $init;
54 73
55 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
56 sub import { 75 sub import {
76 no strict 'refs';
77
57 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
79
58 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
59 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
60 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
61 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
62 for (@_) { 84 for (@_) {
89 111
90$main = new Coro; 112$main = new Coro;
91 113
92=item $current (or as function: current) 114=item $current (or as function: current)
93 115
94The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
117is C<$main> (of course).
95 118
119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
121C<Coro::current> function instead.
122
96=cut 123=cut
124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
97 126
98# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
99if ($current) {
100 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
101} 129 if $current;
102 130
103$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
104 132
105sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
106 134
107=item $idle 135=item $idle
108 136
109The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default 137A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
110implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. 138to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
139exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
111 140
112=cut 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
113 144
114# should be done using priorities :( 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
115$idle = new Coro sub { 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
116 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 147
117 exit(51); 148=cut
149
150$idle = sub {
151 require Carp;
152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
118}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
119 166
120# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
121# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
122my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
123my $manager; 170my $manager;
171
124$manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
125 while () { 173 while () {
126 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
127 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
128 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
129 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
130 # remove itself from the runqueue
131 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
132 my $coro = pop @destroy;
133 $coro->{status} ||= [];
134 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
135 176
136 # the next line destroys the _coro_state, but keeps the
137 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
138 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
139 # to transfer() to this process).
140 $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state};
141 }
142 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
143 } 178 }
144}; 179};
180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
145 182
146# static methods. not really. 183# static methods. not really.
147 184
148=back 185=back
149 186
150=head2 STATIC METHODS 187=head2 STATIC METHODS
151 188
152Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 189Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
153 190
154=over 4 191=over 4
155 192
156=item async { ... } [@args...] 193=item async { ... } [@args...]
157 194
158Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 195Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
159(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 196(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
160terminated. 197terminated.
198
199See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
200environment in which coroutines run.
201
202Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
203the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
204just as it would in the main program.
161 205
162 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 206 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
163 async { 207 async {
164 print "@_\n"; 208 print "@_\n";
165 } 1,2,3,4; 209 } 1,2,3,4;
166 210
167=cut 211=cut
168 212
169sub async(&@) { 213sub async(&@) {
170 my $pid = new Coro @_; 214 my $coro = new Coro @_;
171 $manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
172 $pid->ready; 215 $coro->ready;
173 $pid; 216 $coro
217}
218
219=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
220
221Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
222terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
223that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
224
225Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
226issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
227C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
228will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
229which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
230
231The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
232disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
233gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
234be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
235stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
236done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
237
238The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
239changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
240required.
241
242If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
243single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
244{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
245addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
246(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
247
248=cut
249
250our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
251our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
252our @async_pool;
253
254sub pool_handler {
255 my $cb;
256
257 while () {
258 eval {
259 while () {
260 _pool_1 $cb;
261 &$cb;
262 _pool_2 $cb;
263 &schedule;
264 }
265 };
266
267 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
268 warn $@ if $@;
269 }
270}
271
272sub async_pool(&@) {
273 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
274 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
275
276 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
277 $coro->ready;
278
279 $coro
174} 280}
175 281
176=item schedule 282=item schedule
177 283
178Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 284Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
179into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 285into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
180never be called again. 286never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
287ready.
181 288
182=cut 289The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
290
291 {
292 # remember current coroutine
293 my $current = $Coro::current;
294
295 # register a hypothetical event handler
296 on_event_invoke sub {
297 # wake up sleeping coroutine
298 $current->ready;
299 undef $current;
300 };
301
302 # call schedule until event occurred.
303 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
304 # (current still defined), loop.
305 Coro::schedule while $current;
306 }
183 307
184=item cede 308=item cede
185 309
186"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 310"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
187ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 311ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
188current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 312current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
189 313
190=cut 314Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
315
316=item Coro::cede_notself
317
318Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
319coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
320
321Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
191 322
192=item terminate [arg...] 323=item terminate [arg...]
193 324
194Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 325Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
326
327=item killall
328
329Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
330one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
331usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
195 332
196=cut 333=cut
197 334
198sub terminate { 335sub terminate {
199 $current->cancel (@_); 336 $current->cancel (@_);
200} 337}
201 338
339sub killall {
340 for (Coro::State::list) {
341 $_->cancel
342 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
343 }
344}
345
202=back 346=back
203 347
204# dynamic methods 348# dynamic methods
205 349
206=head2 PROCESS METHODS 350=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
207 351
208These are the methods you can call on process objects. 352These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
209 353
210=over 4 354=over 4
211 355
212=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 356=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
213 357
214Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 358Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
215automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 359automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
216called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 360called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
217by calling the ready method. 361by calling the ready method.
218 362
219=cut 363See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
364coroutine environment.
220 365
366=cut
367
221sub _newcoro { 368sub _run_coro {
222 terminate &{+shift}; 369 terminate &{+shift};
223} 370}
224 371
225sub new { 372sub new {
226 my $class = shift; 373 my $class = shift;
227 bless {
228 _coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
229 }, $class;
230}
231 374
232=item $process->ready 375 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
376}
233 377
234Put the given process into the ready queue. 378=item $success = $coroutine->ready
235 379
236=cut 380Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
381and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
382and return false.
237 383
384=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
385
386Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
387
238=item $process->cancel (arg...) 388=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
239 389
240Temrinates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 390Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
241status (default: the empty list). 391status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
392current coroutine.
242 393
243=cut 394=cut
244 395
245sub cancel { 396sub cancel {
246 my $self = shift; 397 my $self = shift;
247 $self->{status} = [@_]; 398 $self->{_status} = [@_];
399
400 if ($current == $self) {
248 push @destroy, $self; 401 push @destroy, $self;
249 $manager->ready; 402 $manager->ready;
250 &schedule if $current == $self; 403 &schedule while 1;
404 } else {
405 $self->_cancel;
406 }
251} 407}
252 408
253=item $process->join 409=item $coroutine->join
254 410
255Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 411Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
256C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 412C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
257from multiple processes. 413from multiple coroutines.
258 414
259=cut 415=cut
260 416
261sub join { 417sub join {
262 my $self = shift; 418 my $self = shift;
419
263 unless ($self->{status}) { 420 unless ($self->{_status}) {
264 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 421 my $current = $current;
265 &schedule; 422
423 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
424 $current->ready;
425 undef $current;
426 };
427
428 &schedule while $current;
266 } 429 }
430
267 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 431 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
268} 432}
269 433
434=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
435
436Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
437but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
438if any.
439
440=cut
441
442sub on_destroy {
443 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
444
445 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
446}
447
270=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) 448=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
271 449
272Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 450Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
273process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 451coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
274processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 452coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
275that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 453that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
276to get then): 454to get then):
277 455
278 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 456 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
279 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 457 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
282 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 460 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
283 461
284The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 462The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
285existing coroutine. 463existing coroutine.
286 464
287Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 465Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
288but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 466but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
289running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 467running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
290process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 468coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
291 469
292=cut
293
294sub prio {
295 my $old = $_[0]{prio};
296 $_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
297 $old;
298}
299
300=item $newprio = $process->nice($change) 470=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
301 471
302Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 472Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
303higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 473higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
304 474
305=cut
306
307sub nice {
308 $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];
309}
310
311=item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) 475=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
312 476
313Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 477Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
314process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 478coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
479
480This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
481can modify this member directly if you wish.
482
483=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
484
485If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
486inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
487it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
488exception object.
489
490The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
491C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
492(unlike with C<die>).
493
494This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
495end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
496termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
497program.
315 498
316=cut 499=cut
317 500
318sub desc { 501sub desc {
319 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 502 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
321 $old; 504 $old;
322} 505}
323 506
324=back 507=back
325 508
509=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
510
511=over 4
512
513=item Coro::nready
514
515Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
516i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
517coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
518and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
519that wakes up some coroutines.
520
521=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
522
523This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
524gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
525executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
526runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
527guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
528C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
529
530Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
531or the function returns:
532
533 sub do_something {
534 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
535 $busy = 1;
536
537 # do something that requires $busy to be true
538 }
539
540=cut
541
542sub guard(&) {
543 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
544}
545
546sub Coro::guard::cancel {
547 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
548}
549
550sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
551 ${$_[0]}->();
552}
553
554
555=item unblock_sub { ... }
556
557This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
558returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
559immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
560ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
561
562The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
563venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
564of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
565otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
566
567This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
568coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
569is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
570disk.
571
572In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
573creating event callbacks that want to block.
574
575=cut
576
577our @unblock_queue;
578
579# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
580# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
581# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
582# inside an event callback.
583our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
584 while () {
585 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
586 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
587 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
588
589 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
590 $coro->ready;
591 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
592 }
593 schedule; # sleep well
594 }
595};
596$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
597
598sub unblock_sub(&) {
599 my $cb = shift;
600
601 sub {
602 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
603 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
604 }
605}
606
607=back
608
326=cut 609=cut
327 610
3281; 6111;
329 612
330=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 613=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
331 614
332 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 615 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
333 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 616 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
334 617
335 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 618 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
336 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 619 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
337 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 620 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
338 this). 621 this).
339 622
340=head1 SEE ALSO 623=head1 SEE ALSO
341 624
342L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, 625Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
343L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, 626
344L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::RWLock>, L<Coro::Socket>. 627Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
628
629Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
630
631Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
632
633Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
634
635Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
636
637Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>.
345 638
346=head1 AUTHOR 639=head1 AUTHOR
347 640
348 Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> 641 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
349 http://home.schmorp.de/ 642 http://home.schmorp.de/
350 643
351=cut 644=cut
352 645

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