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Revision 1.66 by root, Thu Mar 3 17:20:31 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.178 by root, Thu Apr 17 22:33:10 2008 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
35BEGIN { eval { require warnings } && warnings->unimport ("uninitialized") } 51use strict;
52no warnings "uninitialized";
36 53
37use Coro::State; 54use Coro::State;
38 55
39use vars qw($idle $main $current); 56use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
40 57
41use base Exporter; 58our $idle; # idle handler
59our $main; # main coroutine
60our $current; # current coroutine
42 61
43$VERSION = 1.11; 62our $VERSION = '4.51';
44 63
45@EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
46%EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
47 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
48); 67);
49@EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
50 69
51{ 70{
52 my @async; 71 my @async;
53 my $init; 72 my $init;
54 73
55 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
56 sub import { 75 sub import {
76 no strict 'refs';
77
57 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
79
58 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
59 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
60 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
61 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
62 for (@_) { 84 for (@_) {
89 111
90$main = new Coro; 112$main = new Coro;
91 113
92=item $current (or as function: current) 114=item $current (or as function: current)
93 115
94The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
117is C<$main> (of course).
95 118
119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
121C<Coro::current> function instead.
122
96=cut 123=cut
124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
97 126
98# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
99if ($current) {
100 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
101} 129 if $current;
102 130
103$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
104 132
105sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
106 134
107=item $idle 135=item $idle
108 136
109The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default 137A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
110implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. 138to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
139exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
111 140
112=cut 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
113 144
114# should be done using priorities :( 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
115$idle = new Coro sub { 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
116 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 147
117 exit(51); 148=cut
149
150$idle = sub {
151 require Carp;
152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
118}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
119 166
120# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
121# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
122my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
123my $manager; 170my $manager;
171
124$manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
125 while () { 173 while () {
126 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
127 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
128 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
129 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
130 # remove itself from the runqueue
131 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
132 my $coro = pop @destroy;
133 $coro->{status} ||= [];
134 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
135 176
136 # the next line destroys the _coro_state, but keeps the
137 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
138 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
139 # to transfer() to this process).
140 $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state};
141 }
142 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
143 } 178 }
144}; 179};
145 180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
146# static methods. not really. 181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
147 182
148=back 183=back
149 184
150=head2 STATIC METHODS 185=head2 STATIC METHODS
151 186
152Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 187Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
153 188
154=over 4 189=over 4
155 190
156=item async { ... } [@args...] 191=item async { ... } [@args...]
157 192
158Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 193Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
159(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 194(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
160terminated. 195terminated.
196
197See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
198environment in which coroutines run.
199
200Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
201the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
202just as it would in the main program.
161 203
162 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 204 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
163 async { 205 async {
164 print "@_\n"; 206 print "@_\n";
165 } 1,2,3,4; 207 } 1,2,3,4;
166 208
167=cut 209=cut
168 210
169sub async(&@) { 211sub async(&@) {
170 my $pid = new Coro @_; 212 my $coro = new Coro @_;
171 $manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
172 $pid->ready; 213 $coro->ready;
173 $pid; 214 $coro
215}
216
217=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
218
219Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
220terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
221that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
222
223Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
224issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
225C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
226will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
227which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
228
229The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
230disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
231gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
232be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
233stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
234done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
235
236The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
237changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
238required.
239
240If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
241single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
242{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
243addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
244(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
245
246=cut
247
248our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
249our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
250our @async_pool;
251
252sub pool_handler {
253 my $cb;
254
255 while () {
256 eval {
257 while () {
258 _pool_1 $cb;
259 &$cb;
260 _pool_2 $cb;
261 &schedule;
262 }
263 };
264
265 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
266 warn $@ if $@;
267 }
268}
269
270sub async_pool(&@) {
271 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
272 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
273
274 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
275 $coro->ready;
276
277 $coro
174} 278}
175 279
176=item schedule 280=item schedule
177 281
178Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 282Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
179into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 283into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
180never be called again. 284never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
285ready.
181 286
182=cut 287The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
288
289 {
290 # remember current coroutine
291 my $current = $Coro::current;
292
293 # register a hypothetical event handler
294 on_event_invoke sub {
295 # wake up sleeping coroutine
296 $current->ready;
297 undef $current;
298 };
299
300 # call schedule until event occurred.
301 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
302 # (current still defined), loop.
303 Coro::schedule while $current;
304 }
183 305
184=item cede 306=item cede
185 307
186"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 308"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
187ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 309ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
188current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 310current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
189 311
190=cut 312=item Coro::cede_notself
313
314Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
315coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
191 316
192=item terminate [arg...] 317=item terminate [arg...]
193 318
194Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 319Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
320
321=item killall
322
323Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
324one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
325usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
195 326
196=cut 327=cut
197 328
198sub terminate { 329sub terminate {
199 $current->cancel (@_); 330 $current->cancel (@_);
200} 331}
201 332
333sub killall {
334 for (Coro::State::list) {
335 $_->cancel
336 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
337 }
338}
339
202=back 340=back
203 341
204# dynamic methods
205
206=head2 PROCESS METHODS 342=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
207 343
208These are the methods you can call on process objects. 344These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
209 345
210=over 4 346=over 4
211 347
212=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 348=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
213 349
214Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 350Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
215automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 351automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
216called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 352called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
217by calling the ready method. 353by calling the ready method.
218 354
219=cut 355See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
356coroutine environment.
220 357
358=cut
359
221sub _newcoro { 360sub _run_coro {
222 terminate &{+shift}; 361 terminate &{+shift};
223} 362}
224 363
225sub new { 364sub new {
226 my $class = shift; 365 my $class = shift;
227 bless {
228 _coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
229 }, $class;
230}
231 366
232=item $process->ready 367 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
368}
233 369
234Put the given process into the ready queue. 370=item $success = $coroutine->ready
235 371
236=cut 372Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
373and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
374and return false.
237 375
376=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
377
378Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
379
238=item $process->cancel (arg...) 380=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
239 381
240Temrinates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 382Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
241status (default: the empty list). 383status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
384current coroutine.
242 385
243=cut 386=cut
244 387
245sub cancel { 388sub cancel {
246 my $self = shift; 389 my $self = shift;
247 $self->{status} = [@_]; 390 $self->{_status} = [@_];
391
392 if ($current == $self) {
248 push @destroy, $self; 393 push @destroy, $self;
249 $manager->ready; 394 $manager->ready;
250 &schedule if $current == $self; 395 &schedule while 1;
396 } else {
397 $self->_cancel;
398 }
251} 399}
252 400
253=item $process->join 401=item $coroutine->join
254 402
255Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 403Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
256C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 404C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
257from multiple processes. 405from multiple coroutines.
258 406
259=cut 407=cut
260 408
261sub join { 409sub join {
262 my $self = shift; 410 my $self = shift;
411
263 unless ($self->{status}) { 412 unless ($self->{_status}) {
264 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 413 my $current = $current;
265 &schedule; 414
415 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
416 $current->ready;
417 undef $current;
418 };
419
420 &schedule while $current;
266 } 421 }
422
267 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 423 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
268} 424}
269 425
426=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
427
428Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
429but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
430if any.
431
432=cut
433
434sub on_destroy {
435 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
436
437 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
438}
439
270=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) 440=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
271 441
272Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 442Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
273process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 443coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
274processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 444coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
275that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 445that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
276to get then): 446to get then):
277 447
278 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 448 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
279 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 449 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
282 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 452 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
283 453
284The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 454The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
285existing coroutine. 455existing coroutine.
286 456
287Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 457Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
288but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 458but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
289running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 459running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
290process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 460coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
291 461
292=cut
293
294sub prio {
295 my $old = $_[0]{prio};
296 $_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
297 $old;
298}
299
300=item $newprio = $process->nice($change) 462=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
301 463
302Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 464Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
303higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 465higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
304 466
305=cut
306
307sub nice {
308 $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];
309}
310
311=item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) 467=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
312 468
313Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 469Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
314process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 470coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
471
472This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
473can modify this member directly if you wish.
474
475=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
476
477If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
478inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
479it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
480exception object.
481
482The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
483C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
484(unlike with C<die>).
485
486This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
487end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
488termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
489program.
315 490
316=cut 491=cut
317 492
318sub desc { 493sub desc {
319 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 494 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
321 $old; 496 $old;
322} 497}
323 498
324=back 499=back
325 500
501=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
502
503=over 4
504
505=item Coro::nready
506
507Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
508i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
509coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
510and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
511that wakes up some coroutines.
512
513=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
514
515This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
516gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
517executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
518runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
519guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
520C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
521
522Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
523or the function returns:
524
525 sub do_something {
526 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
527 $busy = 1;
528
529 # do something that requires $busy to be true
530 }
531
532=cut
533
534sub guard(&) {
535 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
536}
537
538sub Coro::guard::cancel {
539 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
540}
541
542sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
543 ${$_[0]}->();
544}
545
546
547=item unblock_sub { ... }
548
549This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
550returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
551immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
552ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
553
554The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
555venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
556of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
557otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
558
559This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
560coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
561is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
562disk.
563
564In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
565creating event callbacks that want to block.
566
567=cut
568
569our @unblock_queue;
570
571# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
572# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
573# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
574# inside an event callback.
575our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
576 while () {
577 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
578 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
579 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
580
581 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
582 $coro->ready;
583 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
584 }
585 schedule; # sleep well
586 }
587};
588$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
589
590sub unblock_sub(&) {
591 my $cb = shift;
592
593 sub {
594 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
595 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
596 }
597}
598
599=back
600
326=cut 601=cut
327 602
3281; 6031;
329 604
330=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 605=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
331 606
332 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 607 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
333 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 608 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
334 609
335 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 610 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
336 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 611 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
337 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 612 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
338 this). 613 this).
339 614
340=head1 SEE ALSO 615=head1 SEE ALSO
341 616
342L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, 617Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
343L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, 618
344L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::RWLock>, L<Coro::Socket>. 619Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
620
621Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
622
623Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
624
625Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
626
627Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
628
629Embedding: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
345 630
346=head1 AUTHOR 631=head1 AUTHOR
347 632
348 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 633 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
349 http://home.schmorp.de/ 634 http://home.schmorp.de/

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