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Revision 1.80 by root, Mon Nov 6 19:56:26 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.178 by root, Thu Apr 17 22:33:10 2008 UTC

6 6
7 use Coro; 7 use Coro;
8 8
9 async { 9 async {
10 # some asynchronous thread of execution 10 # some asynchronous thread of execution
11 print "2\n";
12 cede; # yield back to main
13 print "4\n";
11 }; 14 };
15 print "1\n";
16 cede; # yield to coroutine
17 print "3\n";
18 cede; # and again
12 19
13 # alternatively create an async process like this: 20 # use locking
21 my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
22 my $locked;
14 23
15 sub some_func : Coro { 24 $lock->down;
16 # some more async code 25 $locked = 1;
17 } 26 $lock->up;
18
19 cede;
20 27
21=head1 DESCRIPTION 28=head1 DESCRIPTION
22 29
23This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to 30This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar
24threads but don't run in parallel. 31to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP
32machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also
33guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
34necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
35parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
36safer than threads programming.
25 37
38(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a
39very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This
40is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).
41
26In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables 42In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
27+ @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own 43@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
28callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most 44its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
29important global variables. 45variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
30 46
31=cut 47=cut
32 48
33package Coro; 49package Coro;
34 50
35use strict; 51use strict;
36no warnings "uninitialized"; 52no warnings "uninitialized";
37 53
38use Coro::State; 54use Coro::State;
39 55
40use base Exporter::; 56use base qw(Coro::State Exporter);
41 57
42our $idle; # idle coroutine 58our $idle; # idle handler
43our $main; # main coroutine 59our $main; # main coroutine
44our $current; # current coroutine 60our $current; # current coroutine
45 61
46our $VERSION = '2.5'; 62our $VERSION = '4.51';
47 63
48our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); 64our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
49our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 65our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
50 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], 66 prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
51); 67);
52our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; 68our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
53 69
54{ 70{
55 my @async; 71 my @async;
56 my $init; 72 my $init;
57 73
58 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() 74 # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
59 sub import { 75 sub import {
60 no strict 'refs'; 76 no strict 'refs';
61 77
62 Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); 78 Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
63 79
64 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; 80 my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
65 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { 81 *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
66 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); 82 my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
67 my @attrs; 83 my @attrs;
95 111
96$main = new Coro; 112$main = new Coro;
97 113
98=item $current (or as function: current) 114=item $current (or as function: current)
99 115
100The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). 116The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value
117is C<$main> (of course).
101 118
119This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance
120reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the
121C<Coro::current> function instead.
122
102=cut 123=cut
124
125$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
103 126
104# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... 127# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
105if ($current) {
106 $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; 128$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
107} 129 if $current;
108 130
109$current = $main; 131_set_current $main;
110 132
111sub current() { $current } 133sub current() { $current }
112 134
113=item $idle 135=item $idle
114 136
115The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default 137A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines
116implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. 138to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and
139exits, because the program has no other way to continue.
117 140
118=cut 141This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
142C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
143coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
119 144
120# should be done using priorities :( 145Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
121$idle = new Coro sub { 146handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
122 print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; 147
123 exit(51); 148=cut
149
150$idle = sub {
151 require Carp;
152 Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected");
124}; 153};
154
155sub _cancel {
156 my ($self) = @_;
157
158 # free coroutine data and mark as destructed
159 $self->_destroy
160 or return;
161
162 # call all destruction callbacks
163 $_->(@{$self->{_status}})
164 for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []};
165}
125 166
126# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine 167# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
127# cannot destroy itself. 168# cannot destroy itself.
128my @destroy; 169my @destroy;
129my $manager; 170my $manager;
171
130$manager = new Coro sub { 172$manager = new Coro sub {
131 while () { 173 while () {
132 # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it 174 (shift @destroy)->_cancel
133 # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has
134 # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager
135 # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always
136 # remove itself from the runqueue
137 while (@destroy) { 175 while @destroy;
138 my $coro = pop @destroy;
139 $coro->{status} ||= [];
140 $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []};
141 176
142 # the next line destroys the _coro_state, but keeps the
143 # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie
144 # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible
145 # to transfer() to this process).
146 $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state};
147 }
148 &schedule; 177 &schedule;
149 } 178 }
150}; 179};
151 180$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
152# static methods. not really. 181$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
153 182
154=back 183=back
155 184
156=head2 STATIC METHODS 185=head2 STATIC METHODS
157 186
158Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. 187Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
159 188
160=over 4 189=over 4
161 190
162=item async { ... } [@args...] 191=item async { ... } [@args...]
163 192
164Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object 193Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object
165(usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically 194(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically
166terminated. 195terminated.
167 196
168When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main 197See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
169program. 198environment in which coroutines run.
199
200Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
201the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
202just as it would in the main program.
170 203
171 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments 204 # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments
172 async { 205 async {
173 print "@_\n"; 206 print "@_\n";
174 } 1,2,3,4; 207 } 1,2,3,4;
175 208
176=cut 209=cut
177 210
178sub async(&@) { 211sub async(&@) {
179 my $pid = new Coro @_; 212 my $coro = new Coro @_;
180 $manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager
181 $pid->ready; 213 $coro->ready;
182 $pid; 214 $coro
215}
216
217=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
218
219Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
220terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine
221that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).
222
223Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
224issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
225C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
226will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
227which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.
228
229The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be
230disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
231gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will
232be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
233stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply
234done by using local as in C< local $/ >.
235
236The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
237changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
238required.
239
240If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
241single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
242{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
243addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
244(adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit.
245
246=cut
247
248our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
249our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
250our @async_pool;
251
252sub pool_handler {
253 my $cb;
254
255 while () {
256 eval {
257 while () {
258 _pool_1 $cb;
259 &$cb;
260 _pool_2 $cb;
261 &schedule;
262 }
263 };
264
265 last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
266 warn $@ if $@;
267 }
268}
269
270sub async_pool(&@) {
271 # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
272 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
273
274 $coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
275 $coro->ready;
276
277 $coro
183} 278}
184 279
185=item schedule 280=item schedule
186 281
187Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put 282Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put
188into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will 283into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will
189never be called again. 284never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls
285ready.
190 286
191=cut 287The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
288
289 {
290 # remember current coroutine
291 my $current = $Coro::current;
292
293 # register a hypothetical event handler
294 on_event_invoke sub {
295 # wake up sleeping coroutine
296 $current->ready;
297 undef $current;
298 };
299
300 # call schedule until event occurred.
301 # in case we are woken up for other reasons
302 # (current still defined), loop.
303 Coro::schedule while $current;
304 }
192 305
193=item cede 306=item cede
194 307
195"Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the 308"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the
196ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the 309ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the
197current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. 310current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.
198 311
199=cut 312=item Coro::cede_notself
313
314Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any
315coroutine, regardless of priority, once.
200 316
201=item terminate [arg...] 317=item terminate [arg...]
202 318
203Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). 319Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
320
321=item killall
322
323Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
324one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
325usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
204 326
205=cut 327=cut
206 328
207sub terminate { 329sub terminate {
208 $current->cancel (@_); 330 $current->cancel (@_);
209} 331}
210 332
333sub killall {
334 for (Coro::State::list) {
335 $_->cancel
336 if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
337 }
338}
339
211=back 340=back
212 341
213# dynamic methods
214
215=head2 PROCESS METHODS 342=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
216 343
217These are the methods you can call on process objects. 344These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.
218 345
219=over 4 346=over 4
220 347
221=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] 348=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
222 349
223Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process 350Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine
224automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were 351automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
225called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue 352called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue
226by calling the ready method. 353by calling the ready method.
227 354
228=cut 355See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
356coroutine environment.
229 357
358=cut
359
230sub _newcoro { 360sub _run_coro {
231 terminate &{+shift}; 361 terminate &{+shift};
232} 362}
233 363
234sub new { 364sub new {
235 my $class = shift; 365 my $class = shift;
236 bless {
237 _coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_),
238 }, $class;
239}
240 366
241=item $process->ready 367 $class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
368}
242 369
243Put the given process into the ready queue. 370=item $success = $coroutine->ready
244 371
245=cut 372Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)
373and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing
374and return false.
246 375
376=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
377
378Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
379
247=item $process->cancel (arg...) 380=item $coroutine->cancel (arg...)
248 381
249Terminates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as 382Terminates the given coroutine and makes it return the given arguments as
250status (default: the empty list). 383status (default: the empty list). Never returns if the coroutine is the
384current coroutine.
251 385
252=cut 386=cut
253 387
254sub cancel { 388sub cancel {
255 my $self = shift; 389 my $self = shift;
256 $self->{status} = [@_]; 390 $self->{_status} = [@_];
391
392 if ($current == $self) {
257 push @destroy, $self; 393 push @destroy, $self;
258 $manager->ready; 394 $manager->ready;
259 &schedule if $current == $self; 395 &schedule while 1;
396 } else {
397 $self->_cancel;
398 }
260} 399}
261 400
262=item $process->join 401=item $coroutine->join
263 402
264Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the 403Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
265C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times 404C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
266from multiple processes. 405from multiple coroutines.
267 406
268=cut 407=cut
269 408
270sub join { 409sub join {
271 my $self = shift; 410 my $self = shift;
411
272 unless ($self->{status}) { 412 unless ($self->{_status}) {
273 push @{$self->{join}}, $current; 413 my $current = $current;
274 &schedule; 414
415 push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
416 $current->ready;
417 undef $current;
418 };
419
420 &schedule while $current;
275 } 421 }
422
276 wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; 423 wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
277} 424}
278 425
426=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
427
428Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
429but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
430if any.
431
432=cut
433
434sub on_destroy {
435 my ($self, $cb) = @_;
436
437 push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
438}
439
279=item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) 440=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
280 441
281Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the 442Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
282process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority 443coroutine. Higher priority coroutines get run before lower priority
283processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), 444coroutines. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3),
284that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio 445that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio
285to get then): 446to get then):
286 447
287 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN 448 PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN
288 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 449 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4
291 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); 452 current->prio(PRIO_HIGH);
292 453
293The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any 454The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any
294existing coroutine. 455existing coroutine.
295 456
296Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, 457Changing the priority of the current coroutine will take effect immediately,
297but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not 458but changing the priority of coroutines in the ready queue (but not
298running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that 459running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that
299process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. 460coroutine). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version.
300 461
301=cut
302
303sub prio {
304 my $old = $_[0]{prio};
305 $_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
306 $old;
307}
308
309=item $newprio = $process->nice($change) 462=item $newprio = $coroutine->nice ($change)
310 463
311Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. 464Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e.
312higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). 465higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix).
313 466
314=cut
315
316sub nice {
317 $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1];
318}
319
320=item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) 467=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
321 468
322Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this 469Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
323process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. 470coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
471
472This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
473can modify this member directly if you wish.
474
475=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
476
477If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
478inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
479it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
480exception object.
481
482The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
483C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
484(unlike with C<die>).
485
486This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
487end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
488termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
489program.
324 490
325=cut 491=cut
326 492
327sub desc { 493sub desc {
328 my $old = $_[0]{desc}; 494 my $old = $_[0]{desc};
330 $old; 496 $old;
331} 497}
332 498
333=back 499=back
334 500
501=head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS
502
503=over 4
504
505=item Coro::nready
506
507Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
508i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable
509coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,
510and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler
511that wakes up some coroutines.
512
513=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
514
515This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
516gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
517executed. This is useful to free locks or other resources in case of a
518runtime error or when the coroutine gets canceled, as in both cases the
519guard block will be executed. The guard object supports only one method,
520C<< ->cancel >>, which will keep the codeblock from being executed.
521
522Example: set some flag and clear it again when the coroutine gets canceled
523or the function returns:
524
525 sub do_something {
526 my $guard = Coro::guard { $busy = 0 };
527 $busy = 1;
528
529 # do something that requires $busy to be true
530 }
531
532=cut
533
534sub guard(&) {
535 bless \(my $cb = $_[0]), "Coro::guard"
536}
537
538sub Coro::guard::cancel {
539 ${$_[0]} = sub { };
540}
541
542sub Coro::guard::DESTROY {
543 ${$_[0]}->();
544}
545
546
547=item unblock_sub { ... }
548
549This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
550returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return
551immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code
552ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.
553
554The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
555venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
556of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
557otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.
558
559This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
560coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
561is when you use the L<Coro::AIO|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
562disk.
563
564In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
565creating event callbacks that want to block.
566
567=cut
568
569our @unblock_queue;
570
571# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
572# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
573# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
574# inside an event callback.
575our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
576 while () {
577 while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
578 # this is an inlined copy of async_pool
579 my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;
580
581 $coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
582 $coro->ready;
583 cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
584 }
585 schedule; # sleep well
586 }
587};
588$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
589
590sub unblock_sub(&) {
591 my $cb = shift;
592
593 sub {
594 unshift @unblock_queue, [$cb, @_];
595 $unblock_scheduler->ready;
596 }
597}
598
599=back
600
335=cut 601=cut
336 602
3371; 6031;
338 604
339=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS 605=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
340 606
341 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global 607 - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
342 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). 608 destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
343 609
344 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module 610 - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module
345 from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future 611 from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future
346 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow 612 to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
347 this). 613 this).
348 614
349=head1 SEE ALSO 615=head1 SEE ALSO
350 616
617Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
618
619Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
620
351Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. 621Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
352 622
353Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. 623Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
354 624
355Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. 625Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>.
356 626
627Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
628
357Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> 629Embedding: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
358 630
359=head1 AUTHOR 631=head1 AUTHOR
360 632
361 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 633 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
362 http://home.schmorp.de/ 634 http://home.schmorp.de/

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