1 | NAME |
1 | NAME |
2 | Devel::FindRef - where is that reference to my variable hiding? |
2 | Devel::FindRef - where is that reference to my variable hiding? |
3 | |
3 | |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
5 | use Devel::FindRef; |
5 | use Devel::FindRef; |
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6 | |
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7 | print Devel::FindRef::track \$some_variable; |
6 | |
8 | |
7 | DESCRIPTION |
9 | DESCRIPTION |
8 | Tracking down reference problems (e.g. you expect some object to be |
10 | Tracking down reference problems (e.g. you expect some object to be |
9 | destroyed, but there are still references to it that keep it alive) can |
11 | destroyed, but there are still references to it that keep it alive) can |
10 | be very hard. Fortunately, perl keeps track of all its values, so |
12 | be very hard. Fortunately, perl keeps track of all its values, so |
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13 | The "track" function can help track down some of those references back |
15 | The "track" function can help track down some of those references back |
14 | to the variables containing them. |
16 | to the variables containing them. |
15 | |
17 | |
16 | For example, for this fragment: |
18 | For example, for this fragment: |
17 | |
19 | |
18 | package Test; |
20 | package Test; |
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21 | |
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22 | use Devel::FindRef; |
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23 | use Scalar::Util; |
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24 | |
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25 | our $var = "hi\n"; |
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26 | my $global_my = \$var; |
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27 | our %global_hash = (ukukey => \$var); |
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28 | our $global_hashref = { ukukey2 => \$var }; |
19 | |
29 | |
20 | our $var = "hi\n"; |
30 | sub testsub { |
21 | my $x = \$var; |
31 | my $testsub_local = $global_hashref; |
22 | our %hash = (ukukey => \$var); |
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23 | our $hash2 = {ukukey2 => \$var}; |
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24 | |
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25 | sub testsub { |
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26 | my $local = $hash2; |
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27 | print Devel::FindRef::track \$var; |
32 | print Devel::FindRef::track \$var; |
28 | } |
33 | } |
29 | |
34 | |
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35 | my $closure = sub { |
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36 | my $closure_var = \$_[0]; |
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37 | Scalar::Util::weaken (my $weak_ref = \$var); |
30 | testsub; |
38 | testsub; |
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39 | }; |
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40 | |
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41 | $closure->($var); |
31 | |
42 | |
32 | The output is as follows (or similar to this, in case I forget to update |
43 | The output is as follows (or similar to this, in case I forget to update |
33 | the manpage after some changes): |
44 | the manpage after some changes): |
34 | |
45 | |
35 | SCALAR(0x814ece8) is |
46 | SCALAR(0x7cc888) [refcount 6] is |
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47 | +- referenced by REF(0x8abcc8) [refcount 1], which is |
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48 | | the lexical '$closure_var' in CODE(0x8abc50) [refcount 4], which is |
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49 | | +- the closure created at tst:18. |
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50 | | +- referenced by REF(0x7d3c58) [refcount 1], which is |
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51 | | | the lexical '$closure' in CODE(0x7ae530) [refcount 2], which is |
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52 | | | +- the containing scope for CODE(0x8ab430) [refcount 3], which is |
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53 | | | | the global &Test::testsub. |
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54 | | | +- the main body of the program. |
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55 | | +- the lexical '&' in CODE(0x7ae530) [refcount 2], which was seen before. |
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56 | +- referenced by REF(0x7cc7c8) [refcount 1], which is |
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57 | | the lexical '$global_my' in CODE(0x7ae530) [refcount 2], which was seen before. |
36 | +- in the global $Test::var. |
58 | +- the global $Test::var. |
37 | +- referenced by REF(0x814f9e4), which is |
59 | +- referenced by REF(0x7cc558) [refcount 1], which is |
38 | | in the lexical '$x' in CODE(0x814ed78), which is |
60 | | the member 'ukukey2' of HASH(0x7ae140) [refcount 2], which is |
39 | | the containing scope for CODE(0x820c4b0), which is |
61 | | +- referenced by REF(0x8abad0) [refcount 1], which is |
40 | | in the global &Test::testsub. |
62 | | | the lexical '$testsub_local' in CODE(0x8ab430) [refcount 3], which was seen before. |
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63 | | +- referenced by REF(0x8ab4f0) [refcount 1], which is |
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64 | | the global $Test::global_hashref. |
41 | +- referenced by REF(0x814ed6c), which is |
65 | +- referenced by REF(0x7ae518) [refcount 1], which is |
42 | | in the member 'ukukey' of HASH(0x81da20c), which is |
66 | | the member 'ukukey' of HASH(0x7d3bb0) [refcount 1], which is |
43 | | in the global %Test::hash. |
67 | | the global %Test::global_hash. |
44 | +- referenced by REF(0x814ec28), which is |
68 | +- referenced by REF(0x7ae2f0) [refcount 1], which is |
45 | | not found anywhere I looked :( |
69 | a temporary on the stack. |
46 | +- referenced by REF(0x814eb44), which is |
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47 | in the member 'ukukey2' of HASH(0x814f99c), which is |
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48 | +- referenced by REF(0x820c450), which is |
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49 | | in the lexical '$local' in CODE(0x820c4b0), which was seen before. |
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50 | +- referenced by REF(0x820c204), which is |
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51 | in the global $Test::hash2. |
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52 | |
70 | |
53 | It is a bit convoluted to read, but basically it says that the value |
71 | It is a bit convoluted to read, but basically it says that the value |
54 | stored in $var can be found: |
72 | stored in $var is referenced by: |
55 | |
73 | |
56 | - in some variable $x whose origin is not known (I frankly have no idea |
74 | - the lexical $closure_var (0x8abcc8), which is inside an instantiated |
57 | why, hints accepted). |
75 | closure, which in turn is used quite a bit. |
58 | - in the hash element with key "ukukey" in the hash stored in |
76 | - the package-level lexical $global_my. |
59 | %Test::hash. |
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60 | - in the global variable named $Test::var. |
77 | - the global package variable named $Test::var. |
61 | - in the hash element "ukukey2", in the hash in the my variable $local |
78 | - the hash element "ukukey2", in the hash in the my variable |
62 | in the sub "Test::testsub" and also in the hash referenced by |
79 | $testsub_local in the sub "Test::testsub" and also in the hash |
63 | $Test::hash2. |
80 | "$referenced by Test::hash2". |
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81 | - the hash element with key "ukukey" in the hash stored in %Test::hash. |
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82 | - some anonymous mortalised reference on the stack (which is caused by |
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83 | calling "track" with the expression "\$var", which creates the |
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84 | reference). |
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85 | |
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86 | And all these account for six reference counts. |
64 | |
87 | |
65 | EXPORTS |
88 | EXPORTS |
66 | None. |
89 | None. |
67 | |
90 | |
68 | FUNCTIONS |
91 | FUNCTIONS |
69 | $string = Devel::FindRef::track $ref[, $depth] |
92 | $string = Devel::FindRef::track $ref[, $depth] |
70 | Track the perl value pointed to by $ref up to a depth of $depth and |
93 | Track the perl value pointed to by $ref up to a depth of $depth and |
71 | return a descriptive string. $ref can point at any perl value, be it |
94 | return a descriptive string. $ref can point at any perl value, be it |
72 | anonymous sub, hash, array, scalar etc. |
95 | anonymous sub, hash, array, scalar etc. |
73 | |
96 | |
74 | This is the function you most often use. |
97 | This is the function you most likely want to use when tracking down |
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98 | references. |
75 | |
99 | |
76 | @references = Devel::FindRef::find $ref |
100 | @references = Devel::FindRef::find $ref |
77 | Return arrayrefs that contain [$message, $ref] pairs. The message |
101 | Return arrayrefs that contain [$message, $ref] pairs. The message |
78 | describes what kind of reference was found and the $ref is the |
102 | describes what kind of reference was found and the $ref is the |
79 | reference itself, which can be omitted if "find" decided to end the |
103 | reference itself, which can be omitted if "find" decided to end the |
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82 | The "track" function uses this to find references to the value you |
106 | The "track" function uses this to find references to the value you |
83 | are interested in and recurses on the returned references. |
107 | are interested in and recurses on the returned references. |
84 | |
108 | |
85 | $ref = Devel::FindRef::ptr2ref $integer |
109 | $ref = Devel::FindRef::ptr2ref $integer |
86 | Sometimes you know (from debugging output) the address of a perl |
110 | Sometimes you know (from debugging output) the address of a perl |
87 | scalar you are interested in (e.g. "HASH(0x176ff70)"). This function |
111 | value you are interested in (e.g. "HASH(0x176ff70)"). This function |
88 | can be used to turn the address into a reference to that scalar. It |
112 | can be used to turn the address into a reference to that value. It |
89 | is quite safe to call on valid addresses, but extremely dangerous to |
113 | is quite safe to call on valid addresses, but extremely dangerous to |
90 | call on invalid ones. |
114 | call on invalid ones. *No checks whatsoever will be done*, so don't |
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115 | use this unless you really know the value is the address of a valid |
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116 | perl value. |
91 | |
117 | |
92 | # we know that HASH(0x176ff70) exists, so turn it into a hashref: |
118 | # we know that HASH(0x176ff70) exists, so turn it into a hashref: |
93 | my $ref_to_hash = Devel::FindRef::ptr2ref 0x176ff70; |
119 | my $ref_to_hash = Devel::FindRef::ptr2ref 0x176ff70; |
94 | |
120 | |
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121 | $ptr = Devel::FindRef::ref2ptr $reference |
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122 | The opposite of "ptr2ref", above: returns the internal address of |
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123 | the value pointed to by the passed reference. This function is safe |
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124 | to call on anything, and returns the same value taht a normal |
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125 | reference would if used in a numeric context. |
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126 | |
95 | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
127 | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES |
96 | You can set the environment variable "PERL_DEVEL_FINDREF_DEPTH" to an |
128 | You can set the environment variable "PERL_DEVEL_FINDREF_DEPTH" to an |
97 | integer to override the default depth in "track". If a call explicitly |
129 | integer to override the default depth in "track". If a call explicitly |
98 | specified a depth it is not overridden. |
130 | specifies a depth, it is not overridden. |
99 | |
131 | |
100 | AUTHOR |
132 | AUTHOR |
101 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>. |
133 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com>. |
102 | |
134 | |
103 | BUGS |
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104 | Only code values, arrays, hashes, scalars and magic are being looked at. |
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105 | |
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106 | This is a quick hack only. |
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107 | |
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108 | COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
135 | COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE |
109 | Copyright (C) 2007 by Marc Lehmann. |
136 | Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013 by Marc Lehmann. |
110 | |
137 | |
111 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
138 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
112 | under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.8 or, at |
139 | under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.8 or, at |
113 | your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available. |
140 | your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available. |
114 | |
141 | |