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=head1 NAME |
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EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop |
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1.1 |
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=head1 SYNOPSIS |
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use EV; |
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# TIMERS |
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1.11 |
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my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub { |
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warn "is called after 2s"; |
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}; |
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my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub { |
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warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)"; |
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}; |
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undef $w; # destroy event watcher again |
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my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub { |
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warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly"; |
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}; |
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# IO |
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my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
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my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask |
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warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>; |
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}; |
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# SIGNALS |
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my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub { |
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warn "sigquit received\n"; |
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}; |
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# CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES |
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my $w = EV::child 666, sub { |
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my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
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my $status = $w->rstatus; |
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}; |
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# STAT CHANGES |
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my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub { |
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my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
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warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n"; |
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}; |
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# MAINLOOP |
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EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop |
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EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled |
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EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block |
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1.2 |
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1.1 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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This module provides an interface to libev |
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(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation |
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below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of libev |
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itself (L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>) for more subtle details on |
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watcher semantics or some discussion on the available backends, or how to |
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force a specific backend with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just about in any case |
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because it has much more detailed information. |
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1.1 |
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=cut |
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package EV; |
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use strict; |
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BEGIN { |
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our $VERSION = '2.0'; |
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use XSLoader; |
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XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION; |
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} |
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@EV::IO::ISA = |
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@EV::Timer::ISA = |
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@EV::Periodic::ISA = |
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@EV::Signal::ISA = |
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@EV::Child::ISA = |
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@EV::Stat::ISA = |
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@EV::Idle::ISA = |
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@EV::Prepare::ISA = |
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@EV::Check::ISA = |
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@EV::Embed::ISA = |
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@EV::Fork::ISA = |
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"EV::Watcher"; |
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@EV::Loop::Default::ISA = "EV::Loop"; |
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=head1 EVENT LOOPS |
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EV supports multiple event loops: There is a single "default event loop" |
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that can handle everything including signals and child watchers, and any |
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number of "dynamic event loops" that can use different backends (with |
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various limitations), but no child and signal watchers. |
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You do not have to do anything to create the default event loop: When |
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the module is loaded a suitable backend is selected on the premise of |
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selecting a working backend (which for example rules out kqueue on most |
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BSDs). Modules should, unless they have "special needs" always use the |
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default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other |
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modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop. |
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For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically. |
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=over 4 |
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=item $loop = new EV::loop [$flags] |
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Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to the |
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C<ev_loop_new ()> function description in the libev documentation |
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(L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS>) |
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for more info. |
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The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer referenced |
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by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope. |
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Using C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> is recommended, as only the default event loop |
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is protected by this module. |
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=item $loop->loop_fork |
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Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or continuing |
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the event loop. An alternative is to use C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> which calls |
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this fucntion automatically, at some performance loss (refer to the libev |
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documentation). |
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=item $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags] |
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Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). |
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1.73 |
=back |
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=head1 BASIC INTERFACE |
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|
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=over 4 |
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=item $EV::DIED |
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Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a callback |
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1.67 |
throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The default prints an |
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1.8 |
informative message and continues. |
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If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored. |
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=item $flags = EV::supported_backends |
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=item $flags = EV::recommended_backends |
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=item $flags = EV::embeddable_backends |
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Returns the set (see C<EV::BACKEND_*> flags) of backends supported by this |
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instance of EV, the set of recommended backends (supposed to be good) for |
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this platform and the set of embeddable backends (see EMBED WATCHERS). |
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=item $time = EV::time |
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Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch. |
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=item $time = EV::now |
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=item $time = $loop->now |
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Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This |
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is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering to it is |
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usually faster then calling EV::time. |
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=item $backend = EV::backend |
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=item $backend = $loop->backend |
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Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::METHOD_SELECT |
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or EV::METHOD_EPOLL). |
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=item EV::loop [$flags] |
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1.2 |
|
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=item $loop->loop ([$flags]) |
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Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a |
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1.39 |
callback calls EV::unloop. |
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1.2 |
|
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1.20 |
The $flags argument can be one of the following: |
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|
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1.20 |
0 as above |
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EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop) |
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EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait) |
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1.2 |
|
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1.39 |
=item EV::unloop [$how] |
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1.2 |
|
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=item $loop->unloop ([$how]) |
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1.39 |
When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ONE, makes the |
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innermost call to EV::loop return. |
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1.2 |
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1.39 |
When called with an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ALL, all calls to EV::loop will return as |
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1.20 |
fast as possible. |
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|
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1.60 |
=item $count = EV::loop_count |
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=item $count = $loop->loop_count |
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1.60 |
Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new |
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events. Sometiems useful as a generation counter. |
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=item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents) |
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=item $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)) |
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This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single |
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one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object. |
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If C<$fh_or_undef> is a filehandle or file descriptor, then C<$events> |
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must be a bitset containing either C<EV::READ>, C<EV::WRITE> or C<EV::READ |
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| EV::WRITE>, indicating the type of I/O event you want to wait for. If |
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you do not want to wait for some I/O event, specify C<undef> for |
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C<$fh_or_undef> and C<0> for C<$events>). |
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If timeout is C<undef> or negative, then there will be no |
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timeout. Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started. |
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When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, then |
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the callback will be called with the received event set (in general |
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1.77 |
you can expect it to be a combination of C<EV::ERROR>, C<EV::READ>, |
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1.47 |
C<EV::WRITE> and C<EV::TIMEOUT>). |
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EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till either |
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of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and the callback |
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invoked. |
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1.65 |
=item EV::feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents) |
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=item $loop->feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents) |
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1.65 |
Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this call as |
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if the readyness notifications specified by C<$revents> (a combination of |
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C<EV::READ> and C<EV::WRITE>) happened on the file descriptor C<$fd>. |
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=item EV::feed_signal_event ($signal) |
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Feed a signal event into EV. EV will react to this call as if the signal |
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specified by C<$signal> had occured. |
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1.79 |
=item EV::set_io_collect_interval $time |
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=item $loop->set_io_collect_interval ($time) |
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=item EV::set_timeout_collect_interval $time |
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=item $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time) |
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These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling for I/O events and the minimum |
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wait interval for timer events. See the libev documentation at |
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L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP> for |
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a more detailed discussion. |
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1.20 |
=back |
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1.65 |
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1.73 |
=head1 WATCHER OBJECTS |
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1.2 |
|
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1.20 |
A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some |
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event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you |
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would create an EV::io watcher for that: |
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my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
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my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; |
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1.77 |
warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n" |
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1.20 |
}; |
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1.2 |
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1.20 |
All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only |
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active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be |
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called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received |
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events. |
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Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the |
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same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the |
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type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, |
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1.62 |
EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events |
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1.20 |
(which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer (which |
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uses EV::TIMEOUT). |
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In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at |
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the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing C<_ns> in |
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its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on. |
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Please note that a watcher will automatically be stopped when the watcher |
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1.23 |
object is destroyed, so you I<need> to keep the watcher objects returned by |
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1.20 |
the constructors. |
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1.23 |
Also, all methods changing some aspect of a watcher (->set, ->priority, |
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->fh and so on) automatically stop and start it again if it is active, |
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which means pending events get lost. |
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1.54 |
=head2 COMMON WATCHER METHODS |
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1.20 |
|
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1.54 |
This section lists methods common to all watchers. |
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1.20 |
|
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=over 4 |
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1.2 |
|
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1.20 |
=item $w->start |
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Starts a watcher if it isn't active already. Does nothing to an already |
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active watcher. By default, all watchers start out in the active state |
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(see the description of the C<_ns> variants if you need stopped watchers). |
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=item $w->stop |
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|
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1.20 |
Stop a watcher if it is active. Also clear any pending events (events that |
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have been received but that didn't yet result in a callback invocation), |
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1.62 |
regardless of whether the watcher was active or not. |
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1.2 |
|
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1.20 |
=item $bool = $w->is_active |
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1.2 |
|
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1.20 |
Returns true if the watcher is active, false otherwise. |
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1.30 |
=item $current_data = $w->data |
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=item $old_data = $w->data ($new_data) |
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Queries a freely usable data scalar on the watcher and optionally changes |
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it. This is a way to associate custom data with a watcher: |
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my $w = EV::timer 60, 0, sub { |
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warn $_[0]->data; |
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}; |
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$w->data ("print me!"); |
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1.20 |
=item $current_cb = $w->cb |
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=item $old_cb = $w->cb ($new_cb) |
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1.23 |
Queries the callback on the watcher and optionally changes it. You can do |
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this at any time without the watcher restarting. |
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=item $current_priority = $w->priority |
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=item $old_priority = $w->priority ($new_priority) |
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Queries the priority on the watcher and optionally changes it. Pending |
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watchers with higher priority will be invoked first. The valid range of |
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1.24 |
priorities lies between EV::MAXPRI (default 2) and EV::MINPRI (default |
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-2). If the priority is outside this range it will automatically be |
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1.23 |
normalised to the nearest valid priority. |
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1.50 |
The default priority of any newly-created watcher is 0. |
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Note that the priority semantics have not yet been fleshed out and are |
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subject to almost certain change. |
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1.20 |
|
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1.65 |
=item $w->invoke ($revents) |
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1.20 |
|
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Call the callback *now* with the given event mask. |
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1.65 |
=item $w->feed_event ($revents) |
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Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call as if |
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the watcher had received the given C<$revents> mask. |
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|
=item $revents = $w->clear_pending |
364 |
|
|
|
365 |
root |
1.78 |
If the watcher is pending, this function clears its pending status and |
366 |
|
|
returns its C<$revents> bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the |
367 |
root |
1.65 |
watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns C<0>. |
368 |
|
|
|
369 |
root |
1.50 |
=item $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool) |
370 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
Normally, C<EV::loop> will return when there are no active watchers |
372 |
|
|
(which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). This is |
373 |
|
|
convinient because it allows you to start your watchers (and your jobs), |
374 |
|
|
call C<EV::loop> once and when it returns you know that all your jobs are |
375 |
|
|
finished (or they forgot to register some watchers for their task :). |
376 |
|
|
|
377 |
root |
1.77 |
Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when the module |
378 |
root |
1.50 |
that calls C<EV::loop> (usually the main program) is not the same module |
379 |
|
|
as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client module written by |
380 |
|
|
somebody else even). Then you might want any outstanding requests to be |
381 |
|
|
handled, but you would not want to keep C<EV::loop> from returning just |
382 |
|
|
because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher. |
383 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even |
385 |
|
|
though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning. |
386 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you cna change it |
388 |
|
|
any time. |
389 |
|
|
|
390 |
root |
1.62 |
Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the |
391 |
root |
1.50 |
event loop from running just because of that watcher. |
392 |
|
|
|
393 |
|
|
my $udp_socket = ... |
394 |
|
|
my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... }; |
395 |
root |
1.74 |
$1000udp_watcher->keepalive (0); |
396 |
|
|
|
397 |
|
|
=item $loop = $w->loop |
398 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
Return the loop that this watcher is attached to. |
400 |
root |
1.20 |
|
401 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
402 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
404 |
root |
1.73 |
=head1 WATCHER TYPES |
405 |
root |
1.54 |
|
406 |
|
|
Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type. |
407 |
|
|
|
408 |
root |
1.62 |
=head3 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable? |
409 |
root |
1.54 |
|
410 |
|
|
=over 4 |
411 |
|
|
|
412 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
413 |
root |
1.2 |
|
414 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
415 |
root |
1.7 |
|
416 |
root |
1.76 |
=item $w = $loop->io ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback) |
417 |
root |
1.73 |
|
418 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->io_ns ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback) |
419 |
|
|
|
420 |
root |
1.20 |
As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the C<$callback> |
421 |
root |
1.54 |
when at least one of events specified in C<$eventmask> occurs. |
422 |
root |
1.2 |
|
423 |
root |
1.20 |
The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together: |
424 |
root |
1.2 |
|
425 |
|
|
EV::READ wait until read() wouldn't block anymore |
426 |
|
|
EV::WRITE wait until write() wouldn't block anymore |
427 |
root |
1.7 |
|
428 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<io_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
429 |
root |
1.2 |
|
430 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w->set ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask) |
431 |
root |
1.10 |
|
432 |
root |
1.20 |
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be |
433 |
|
|
called at any time. |
434 |
root |
1.10 |
|
435 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $current_fh = $w->fh |
436 |
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
=item $old_fh = $w->fh ($new_fh) |
438 |
|
|
|
439 |
|
|
Returns the previously set filehandle and optionally set a new one. |
440 |
root |
1.10 |
|
441 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $current_eventmask = $w->events |
442 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
=item $old_eventmask = $w->events ($new_eventmask) |
444 |
root |
1.10 |
|
445 |
root |
1.20 |
Returns the previously set event mask and optionally set a new one. |
446 |
root |
1.10 |
|
447 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
448 |
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
=head3 TIMER WATCHERS - relative and optionally repeating timeouts |
451 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
=over 4 |
453 |
root |
1.10 |
|
454 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback |
455 |
root |
1.2 |
|
456 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback |
457 |
root |
1.2 |
|
458 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->timer ($after, $repeat, $callback) |
459 |
|
|
|
460 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->timer_ns ($after, $repeat, $callback) |
461 |
|
|
|
462 |
root |
1.53 |
Calls the callback after C<$after> seconds (which may be fractional). If |
463 |
|
|
C<$repeat> is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the $repeat |
464 |
|
|
value as $after) after the callback returns. |
465 |
root |
1.2 |
|
466 |
root |
1.20 |
This means that the callback would be called roughly after C<$after> |
467 |
root |
1.39 |
seconds, and then every C<$repeat> seconds. The timer does his best not |
468 |
|
|
to drift, but it will not invoke the timer more often then once per event |
469 |
|
|
loop iteration, and might drift in other cases. If that isn't acceptable, |
470 |
|
|
look at EV::periodic, which can provide long-term stable timers. |
471 |
root |
1.2 |
|
472 |
root |
1.39 |
The timer is based on a monotonic clock, that is, if somebody is sitting |
473 |
root |
1.20 |
in front of the machine while the timer is running and changes the system |
474 |
|
|
clock, the timer will nevertheless run (roughly) the same time. |
475 |
root |
1.2 |
|
476 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<timer_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
477 |
|
|
|
478 |
|
|
=item $w->set ($after, $repeat) |
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
root |
1.54 |
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at |
481 |
root |
1.20 |
any time. |
482 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
=item $w->again |
484 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
Similar to the C<start> method, but has special semantics for repeating timers: |
486 |
|
|
|
487 |
root |
1.39 |
If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped. |
488 |
|
|
|
489 |
root |
1.20 |
If the timer is active and repeating, reset the timeout to occur |
490 |
|
|
C<$repeat> seconds after now. |
491 |
|
|
|
492 |
root |
1.39 |
If the timer is inactive and repeating, start it using the repeat value. |
493 |
root |
1.20 |
|
494 |
|
|
Otherwise do nothing. |
495 |
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO |
497 |
|
|
operation. You create a timer object with the same value for C<$after> and |
498 |
|
|
C<$repeat>, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the C<again> method |
499 |
|
|
on the timeout. |
500 |
|
|
|
501 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
502 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
504 |
|
|
=head3 PERIODIC WATCHERS - to cron or not to cron? |
505 |
|
|
|
506 |
|
|
=over 4 |
507 |
root |
1.20 |
|
508 |
root |
1.30 |
=item $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback |
509 |
root |
1.20 |
|
510 |
root |
1.30 |
=item $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback |
511 |
|
|
|
512 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->periodic ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback) |
513 |
|
|
|
514 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->periodic_ns ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback) |
515 |
|
|
|
516 |
root |
1.30 |
Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on |
517 |
|
|
absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger "at" the |
518 |
|
|
specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting absolute timers and |
519 |
|
|
more complex, cron-like, setups that are not adversely affected by time |
520 |
|
|
jumps (i.e. when the system clock is changed by explicit date -s or other |
521 |
|
|
means such as ntpd). It is also the most complex watcher type in EV. |
522 |
|
|
|
523 |
|
|
It has three distinct "modes": |
524 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
=over 4 |
526 |
root |
1.2 |
|
527 |
root |
1.30 |
=item * absolute timer ($interval = $reschedule_cb = 0) |
528 |
root |
1.2 |
|
529 |
root |
1.30 |
This time simply fires at the wallclock time C<$at> and doesn't repeat. It |
530 |
|
|
will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if it is to be run |
531 |
|
|
at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the system time reaches or |
532 |
|
|
surpasses this time. |
533 |
root |
1.2 |
|
534 |
root |
1.30 |
=item * non-repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0) |
535 |
root |
1.2 |
|
536 |
root |
1.30 |
In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the |
537 |
|
|
next C<$at + N * $interval> time (for some integer N) and then repeat, |
538 |
|
|
regardless of any time jumps. |
539 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect to system |
541 |
|
|
time: |
542 |
|
|
|
543 |
|
|
my $hourly = EV::periodic 0, 3600, 0, sub { print "once/hour\n" }; |
544 |
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
That doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between triggers, |
546 |
|
|
but only that the the clalback will be called when the system time shows a |
547 |
|
|
full hour (UTC). |
548 |
root |
1.2 |
|
549 |
root |
1.7 |
Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that |
550 |
root |
1.30 |
EV::periodic will try to run the callback in this mode at the next |
551 |
|
|
possible time where C<$time = $at (mod $interval)>, regardless of any time |
552 |
|
|
jumps. |
553 |
|
|
|
554 |
|
|
=item * manual reschedule mode ($reschedule_cb = coderef) |
555 |
|
|
|
556 |
root |
1.37 |
In this mode $interval and $at are both being ignored. Instead, each |
557 |
|
|
time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule callback |
558 |
|
|
($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as first, and the current |
559 |
|
|
time as second argument. |
560 |
root |
1.30 |
|
561 |
root |
1.31 |
I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other periodic |
562 |
|
|
watcher, ever>. If you need to stop it, return 1e30 and stop it |
563 |
|
|
afterwards. |
564 |
root |
1.30 |
|
565 |
|
|
It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value |
566 |
|
|
(that is, the lowest time value larger than to the second argument). It |
567 |
|
|
will usually be called just before the callback will be triggered, but |
568 |
|
|
might be called at other times, too. |
569 |
|
|
|
570 |
|
|
This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that |
571 |
|
|
triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours after the last |
572 |
|
|
midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know a way to do it correctly |
573 |
|
|
in about the same space (without requiring elaborate modules), drop me a |
574 |
|
|
note :): |
575 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
my $daily = EV::periodic 0, 0, sub { |
577 |
|
|
my ($w, $now) = @_; |
578 |
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
use Time::Local (); |
580 |
|
|
my (undef, undef, undef, $d, $m, $y) = localtime $now; |
581 |
|
|
86400 + Time::Local::timelocal 0, 0, 0, $d, $m, $y |
582 |
|
|
}, sub { |
583 |
|
|
print "it's midnight or likely shortly after, now\n"; |
584 |
|
|
}; |
585 |
root |
1.7 |
|
586 |
root |
1.30 |
=back |
587 |
root |
1.20 |
|
588 |
|
|
The C<periodic_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
589 |
root |
1.2 |
|
590 |
root |
1.30 |
=item $w->set ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb) |
591 |
root |
1.11 |
|
592 |
root |
1.54 |
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at |
593 |
root |
1.20 |
any time. |
594 |
|
|
|
595 |
root |
1.30 |
=item $w->again |
596 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
Simply stops and starts the watcher again. |
598 |
|
|
|
599 |
root |
1.71 |
=item $time = $w->at |
600 |
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
Return the time that the watcher is expected to trigger next. |
602 |
|
|
|
603 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
604 |
|
|
|
605 |
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
=head3 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled! |
607 |
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
=over 4 |
609 |
root |
1.20 |
|
610 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback |
611 |
|
|
|
612 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback |
613 |
root |
1.11 |
|
614 |
root |
1.54 |
Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be specified by |
615 |
|
|
number or by name, just as with C<kill> or C<%SIG>). |
616 |
root |
1.2 |
|
617 |
root |
1.11 |
EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one |
618 |
root |
1.20 |
component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal watcher, |
619 |
|
|
and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same when you |
620 |
root |
1.54 |
add/remove callbacks to C<%SIG>, so watch out. |
621 |
root |
1.20 |
|
622 |
|
|
You can have as many signal watchers per signal as you want. |
623 |
root |
1.2 |
|
624 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<signal_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
625 |
root |
1.2 |
|
626 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w->set ($signal) |
627 |
root |
1.2 |
|
628 |
root |
1.54 |
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be |
629 |
|
|
called at any time. |
630 |
root |
1.20 |
|
631 |
root |
1.22 |
=item $current_signum = $w->signal |
632 |
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
=item $old_signum = $w->signal ($new_signal) |
634 |
|
|
|
635 |
|
|
Returns the previously set signal (always as a number not name) and |
636 |
|
|
optionally set a new one. |
637 |
|
|
|
638 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
639 |
|
|
|
640 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
=head3 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes |
642 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
=over 4 |
644 |
root |
1.20 |
|
645 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::child $pid, $callback |
646 |
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $callback |
648 |
|
|
|
649 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->child ($pid, $callback) |
650 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->child_ns ($pid, $callback) |
652 |
|
|
|
653 |
root |
1.54 |
Call the callback when a status change for pid C<$pid> (or any pid if |
654 |
|
|
C<$pid> is 0) has been received. More precisely: when the process receives |
655 |
|
|
a C<SIGCHLD>, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status for all |
656 |
root |
1.20 |
changed/zombie children and call the callback. |
657 |
|
|
|
658 |
root |
1.54 |
It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a child |
659 |
|
|
has exited but before the event loop has started its next iteration (for |
660 |
|
|
example, first you C<fork>, then the new child process might exit, and |
661 |
|
|
only then do you install a child watcher in the parent for the new pid). |
662 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
|
You can access both exit (or tracing) status and pid by using the |
664 |
|
|
C<rstatus> and C<rpid> methods on the watcher object. |
665 |
root |
1.20 |
|
666 |
root |
1.54 |
You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want, they will all be |
667 |
|
|
called. |
668 |
root |
1.20 |
|
669 |
|
|
The C<child_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
670 |
|
|
|
671 |
|
|
=item $w->set ($pid) |
672 |
root |
1.1 |
|
673 |
root |
1.54 |
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at |
674 |
root |
1.20 |
any time. |
675 |
root |
1.2 |
|
676 |
root |
1.22 |
=item $current_pid = $w->pid |
677 |
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
=item $old_pid = $w->pid ($new_pid) |
679 |
|
|
|
680 |
|
|
Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one. |
681 |
|
|
|
682 |
root |
1.27 |
=item $exit_status = $w->rstatus |
683 |
|
|
|
684 |
|
|
Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid entry |
685 |
|
|
in perlfunc). |
686 |
|
|
|
687 |
|
|
=item $pid = $w->rpid |
688 |
|
|
|
689 |
|
|
Return the pid of the awaited child (useful when you have installed a |
690 |
|
|
watcher for all pids). |
691 |
|
|
|
692 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
693 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
695 |
root |
1.56 |
=head3 STAT WATCHERS - did the file attributes just change? |
696 |
|
|
|
697 |
|
|
=over 4 |
698 |
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback |
700 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback |
702 |
|
|
|
703 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->stat ($path, $interval, $callback) |
704 |
|
|
|
705 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->stat_ns ($path, $interval, $callback) |
706 |
|
|
|
707 |
root |
1.56 |
Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on |
708 |
|
|
C<$path>. The C<$path> does not need to exist, changing from "path exists" |
709 |
|
|
to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other. |
710 |
|
|
|
711 |
|
|
The C<$interval> is a recommended polling interval for systems where |
712 |
|
|
OS-supported change notifications don't exist or are not supported. If |
713 |
|
|
you use C<0> then an unspecified default is used (which is highly |
714 |
|
|
recommended!), which is to be expected to be around five seconds usually. |
715 |
|
|
|
716 |
|
|
This watcher type is not meant for massive numbers of stat watchers, |
717 |
|
|
as even with OS-supported change notifications, this can be |
718 |
|
|
resource-intensive. |
719 |
|
|
|
720 |
|
|
The C<stat_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
721 |
|
|
|
722 |
root |
1.57 |
=item ... = $w->stat |
723 |
|
|
|
724 |
|
|
This call is very similar to the perl C<stat> built-in: It stats (using |
725 |
|
|
C<lstat>) the path specified in the watcher and sets perls stat cache (as |
726 |
|
|
well as EV's idea of the current stat values) to the values found. |
727 |
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
In scalar context, a boolean is return indicating success or failure of |
729 |
|
|
the stat. In list context, the same 13-value list as with stat is returned |
730 |
|
|
(except that the blksize and blocks fields are not reliable). |
731 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
In the case of an error, errno is set to C<ENOENT> (regardless of the |
733 |
|
|
actual error value) and the C<nlink> value is forced to zero (if the stat |
734 |
|
|
was successful then nlink is guaranteed to be non-zero). |
735 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
See also the next two entries for more info. |
737 |
|
|
|
738 |
|
|
=item ... = $w->attr |
739 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
Just like C<< $w->stat >>, but without the initial stat'ing: this returns |
741 |
|
|
the values most recently detected by EV. See the next entry for more info. |
742 |
|
|
|
743 |
|
|
=item ... = $w->prev |
744 |
|
|
|
745 |
|
|
Just like C<< $w->stat >>, but without the initial stat'ing: this returns |
746 |
|
|
the previous set of values, before the change. |
747 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
That is, when the watcher callback is invoked, C<< $w->prev >> will be set |
749 |
|
|
to the values found I<before> a change was detected, while C<< $w->attr >> |
750 |
|
|
returns the values found leading to the change detection. The difference (if any) |
751 |
|
|
between C<prev> and C<attr> is what triggered the callback. |
752 |
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
If you did something to the filesystem object and do not want to trigger |
754 |
|
|
yet another change, you can call C<stat> to update EV's idea of what the |
755 |
|
|
current attributes are. |
756 |
|
|
|
757 |
root |
1.56 |
=item $w->set ($path, $interval) |
758 |
|
|
|
759 |
|
|
Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be |
760 |
|
|
called at any time. |
761 |
|
|
|
762 |
|
|
=item $current_path = $w->path |
763 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
=item $old_path = $w->path ($new_path) |
765 |
|
|
|
766 |
|
|
Returns the previously set path and optionally set a new one. |
767 |
|
|
|
768 |
|
|
=item $current_interval = $w->interval |
769 |
|
|
|
770 |
|
|
=item $old_interval = $w->interval ($new_interval) |
771 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
Returns the previously set interval and optionally set a new one. Can be |
773 |
|
|
used to query the actual interval used. |
774 |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
=back |
776 |
|
|
|
777 |
|
|
|
778 |
root |
1.54 |
=head3 IDLE WATCHERS - when you've got nothing better to do... |
779 |
|
|
|
780 |
|
|
=over 4 |
781 |
root |
1.2 |
|
782 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::idle $callback |
783 |
root |
1.2 |
|
784 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::idle_ns $callback |
785 |
root |
1.2 |
|
786 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->idle ($callback) |
787 |
|
|
|
788 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->idle_ns ($callback) |
789 |
|
|
|
790 |
root |
1.62 |
Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the same or |
791 |
|
|
higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle watchers of the |
792 |
|
|
same or lower priority, of course). They are called idle watchers because |
793 |
|
|
when the watcher is the highest priority pending event in the process, the |
794 |
|
|
process is considered to be idle at that priority. |
795 |
|
|
|
796 |
|
|
If you want a watcher that is only ever called when I<no> other events are |
797 |
|
|
outstanding you have to set the priority to C<EV::MINPRI>. |
798 |
root |
1.2 |
|
799 |
root |
1.20 |
The process will not block as long as any idle watchers are active, and |
800 |
|
|
they will be called repeatedly until stopped. |
801 |
root |
1.2 |
|
802 |
root |
1.62 |
For example, if you have idle watchers at priority C<0> and C<1>, and |
803 |
|
|
an I/O watcher at priority C<0>, then the idle watcher at priority C<1> |
804 |
|
|
and the I/O watcher will always run when ready. Only when the idle watcher |
805 |
|
|
at priority C<1> is stopped and the I/O watcher at priority C<0> is not |
806 |
|
|
pending with the C<0>-priority idle watcher be invoked. |
807 |
|
|
|
808 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<idle_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
809 |
root |
1.2 |
|
810 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
811 |
|
|
|
812 |
|
|
|
813 |
|
|
=head3 PREPARE WATCHERS - customise your event loop! |
814 |
|
|
|
815 |
|
|
=over 4 |
816 |
root |
1.2 |
|
817 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::prepare $callback |
818 |
root |
1.1 |
|
819 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback |
820 |
root |
1.1 |
|
821 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->prepare ($callback) |
822 |
|
|
|
823 |
root |
1.76 |
=item $w = $loop->prepare_ns ($callback) |
824 |
root |
1.73 |
|
825 |
root |
1.20 |
Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still |
826 |
|
|
create/modify any watchers at this point. |
827 |
root |
1.1 |
|
828 |
root |
1.20 |
See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example. |
829 |
root |
1.2 |
|
830 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<prepare_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
831 |
root |
1.2 |
|
832 |
root |
1.54 |
=back |
833 |
|
|
|
834 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
=head3 CHECK WATCHERS - customise your event loop even more! |
836 |
|
|
|
837 |
|
|
=over 4 |
838 |
root |
1.2 |
|
839 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::check $callback |
840 |
root |
1.2 |
|
841 |
root |
1.20 |
=item $w = EV::check_ns $callback |
842 |
root |
1.10 |
|
843 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->check ($callback) |
844 |
|
|
|
845 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->check_ns ($callback) |
846 |
|
|
|
847 |
root |
1.20 |
Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it has |
848 |
|
|
gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been invoked. |
849 |
root |
1.10 |
|
850 |
root |
1.20 |
This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV |
851 |
|
|
mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create io and |
852 |
|
|
timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a real-world |
853 |
|
|
example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left out): |
854 |
root |
1.10 |
|
855 |
root |
1.20 |
our @snmp_watcher; |
856 |
root |
1.2 |
|
857 |
root |
1.20 |
our $snmp_prepare = EV::prepare sub { |
858 |
|
|
# do nothing unless active |
859 |
|
|
$dispatcher->{_event_queue_h} |
860 |
|
|
or return; |
861 |
root |
1.2 |
|
862 |
root |
1.20 |
# make the dispatcher handle any outstanding stuff |
863 |
root |
1.45 |
... not shown |
864 |
root |
1.2 |
|
865 |
root |
1.62 |
# create an I/O watcher for each and every socket |
866 |
root |
1.20 |
@snmp_watcher = ( |
867 |
|
|
(map { EV::io $_, EV::READ, sub { } } |
868 |
|
|
keys %{ $dispatcher->{_descriptors} }), |
869 |
root |
1.45 |
|
870 |
|
|
EV::timer +($event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_ACTIVE] |
871 |
|
|
? $event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_TIME] - EV::now : 0), |
872 |
|
|
0, sub { }, |
873 |
root |
1.20 |
); |
874 |
|
|
}; |
875 |
root |
1.2 |
|
876 |
root |
1.45 |
The callbacks are irrelevant (and are not even being called), the |
877 |
|
|
only purpose of those watchers is to wake up the process as soon as |
878 |
|
|
one of those events occurs (socket readable, or timer timed out). The |
879 |
|
|
corresponding EV::check watcher will then clean up: |
880 |
root |
1.2 |
|
881 |
root |
1.20 |
our $snmp_check = EV::check sub { |
882 |
|
|
# destroy all watchers |
883 |
|
|
@snmp_watcher = (); |
884 |
root |
1.2 |
|
885 |
root |
1.20 |
# make the dispatcher handle any new stuff |
886 |
root |
1.45 |
... not shown |
887 |
root |
1.20 |
}; |
888 |
root |
1.2 |
|
889 |
root |
1.20 |
The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers |
890 |
|
|
are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check gets called |
891 |
|
|
first). |
892 |
root |
1.2 |
|
893 |
root |
1.20 |
The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
894 |
root |
1.1 |
|
895 |
|
|
=back |
896 |
|
|
|
897 |
root |
1.54 |
|
898 |
root |
1.56 |
=head3 FORK WATCHERS - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork |
899 |
root |
1.54 |
|
900 |
root |
1.56 |
Fork watchers are called when a C<fork ()> was detected. The invocation |
901 |
|
|
is done before the event loop blocks next and before C<check> watchers |
902 |
|
|
are being called, and only in the child after the fork. |
903 |
root |
1.54 |
|
904 |
root |
1.56 |
=over 4 |
905 |
root |
1.54 |
|
906 |
root |
1.56 |
=item $w = EV::fork $callback |
907 |
root |
1.54 |
|
908 |
root |
1.56 |
=item $w = EV::fork_ns $callback |
909 |
root |
1.54 |
|
910 |
root |
1.73 |
=item $w = $loop->fork ($callback) |
911 |
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->fork_ns ($callback) |
913 |
|
|
|
914 |
root |
1.56 |
Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child process |
915 |
|
|
after a fork. |
916 |
root |
1.54 |
|
917 |
root |
1.56 |
The C<fork_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
918 |
root |
1.54 |
|
919 |
|
|
=back |
920 |
|
|
|
921 |
|
|
|
922 |
root |
1.79 |
=head3 EMBED WATCHERS - when one backend isn't enough... |
923 |
|
|
|
924 |
|
|
This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop |
925 |
|
|
into another (currently only IO events are supported in the embedded |
926 |
|
|
loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
927 |
|
|
fashion and must not be used). |
928 |
|
|
|
929 |
|
|
See the libev documentation at |
930 |
|
|
L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_> |
931 |
|
|
for more details. |
932 |
|
|
|
933 |
|
|
In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working |
934 |
|
|
kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets: |
935 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
my $socket_loop; |
937 |
|
|
|
938 |
|
|
# check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported |
939 |
|
|
if ( |
940 |
|
|
(EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL | EV::BACKEND_SELECT)) |
941 |
|
|
&& (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE) |
942 |
|
|
) { |
943 |
|
|
# use kqueue for sockets |
944 |
|
|
$socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE | EV::FLAG_NOENV; |
945 |
|
|
} |
946 |
|
|
|
947 |
|
|
# use the default loop otherwise |
948 |
|
|
$socket_loop ||= EV::default_loop; |
949 |
|
|
|
950 |
|
|
=over 4 |
951 |
|
|
|
952 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::embed $otherloop, $callback |
953 |
|
|
|
954 |
|
|
=item $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop, $callback |
955 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop, $callback) |
957 |
|
|
|
958 |
|
|
=item $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop, $callback) |
959 |
|
|
|
960 |
|
|
Call the callback when the embedded event loop (C<$otherloop>) has any |
961 |
|
|
I/O activity. The C<$callback> should alwas be specified as C<undef> in |
962 |
|
|
this version of EV, which means the embedded event loop will be managed |
963 |
|
|
automatically. |
964 |
|
|
|
965 |
|
|
The C<embed_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
966 |
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
=back |
968 |
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
970 |
root |
1.61 |
=head1 PERL SIGNALS |
971 |
|
|
|
972 |
|
|
While Perl signal handling (C<%SIG>) is not affected by EV, the behaviour |
973 |
|
|
with EV is as the same as any other C library: Perl-signals will only be |
974 |
|
|
handled when Perl runs, which means your signal handler might be invoked |
975 |
|
|
only the next time an event callback is invoked. |
976 |
|
|
|
977 |
|
|
The solution is to use EV signal watchers (see C<EV::signal>), which will |
978 |
|
|
ensure proper operations with regards to other event watchers. |
979 |
|
|
|
980 |
|
|
If you cannot do this for whatever reason, you can also force a watcher |
981 |
|
|
to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a C<EV::check> |
982 |
|
|
watcher: |
983 |
|
|
|
984 |
|
|
my $async_check = EV::check sub { }; |
985 |
|
|
|
986 |
root |
1.75 |
This ensures that perl gets into control for a short time to handle any |
987 |
|
|
pending signals, and also ensures (slightly) slower overall operation. |
988 |
root |
1.61 |
|
989 |
root |
1.13 |
=head1 THREADS |
990 |
|
|
|
991 |
root |
1.45 |
Threads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads |
992 |
root |
1.46 |
is evil stuff and must die. As soon as Perl gains real threads I will work |
993 |
|
|
on thread support for it. |
994 |
|
|
|
995 |
|
|
=head1 FORK |
996 |
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating |
998 |
|
|
systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is |
999 |
|
|
not supported and usually destructive). Libev makes it possible to work |
1000 |
|
|
around this by having a function that recreates the kernel state after |
1001 |
|
|
fork in the child. |
1002 |
|
|
|
1003 |
|
|
On non-win32 platforms, this module requires the pthread_atfork |
1004 |
|
|
functionality to do this automatically for you. This function is quite |
1005 |
|
|
buggy on most BSDs, though, so YMMV. The overhead for this is quite |
1006 |
|
|
negligible, because everything the function currently does is set a flag |
1007 |
|
|
that is checked only when the event loop gets used the next time, so when |
1008 |
|
|
you do fork but not use EV, the overhead is minimal. |
1009 |
|
|
|
1010 |
|
|
On win32, there is no notion of fork so all this doesn't apply, of course. |
1011 |
root |
1.13 |
|
1012 |
root |
1.1 |
=cut |
1013 |
|
|
|
1014 |
root |
1.8 |
our $DIED = sub { |
1015 |
|
|
warn "EV: error in callback (ignoring): $@"; |
1016 |
|
|
}; |
1017 |
|
|
|
1018 |
root |
1.28 |
default_loop |
1019 |
root |
1.68 |
or die 'EV: cannot initialise libev backend. bad $ENV{LIBEV_FLAGS}?'; |
1020 |
root |
1.1 |
|
1021 |
|
|
1; |
1022 |
|
|
|
1023 |
root |
1.3 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
1024 |
|
|
|
1025 |
root |
1.73 |
L<EV::ADNS> (asynchronous DNS), L<Glib::EV> (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as |
1026 |
|
|
event loop), L<EV::Glib> (embed Glib into EV), L<Coro::EV> (efficient |
1027 |
|
|
coroutines with EV), L<Net::SNMP::EV> (asynchronous SNMP). |
1028 |
root |
1.3 |
|
1029 |
root |
1.1 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
1030 |
|
|
|
1031 |
|
|
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1032 |
|
|
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
1033 |
|
|
|
1034 |
|
|
=cut |
1035 |
|
|
|