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Revision 1.70 by root, Fri Dec 14 19:33:32 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.126 by root, Tue Mar 16 17:11:48 2010 UTC

… …
2 2
3EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop 3EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop
4 4
5=head1 SYNOPSIS 5=head1 SYNOPSIS
6 6
7 use EV; 7 use EV;
8
9 # TIMERS
10
11 my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
12 warn "is called after 2s";
13 };
14
15 my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
16 warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
17 };
18
19 undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
20
21 my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
22 warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
23 };
24
25 # IO
26
27 my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
28 my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
29 warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
30 };
31
32 # SIGNALS
33
34 my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
35 warn "sigquit received\n";
36 };
37
38 # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
8 39
9 # TIMERS 40 my $w = EV::child 666, 0, sub {
41 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
42 my $status = $w->rstatus;
43 };
10 44
11 my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
12 warn "is called after 2s";
13 };
14
15 my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
16 warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
17 };
18
19 undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
20
21 my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
22 warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
23 };
24
25 # IO
26
27 my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
28 my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
29 warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
30 };
31
32 # SIGNALS
33
34 my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
35 warn "sigquit received\n";
36 };
37
38 # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
39
40 my $w = EV::child 666, sub {
41 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
42 my $status = $w->rstatus;
43 };
44
45 # STAT CHANGES 45 # STAT CHANGES
46 my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub { 46 my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub {
47 my ($w, $revents) = @_; 47 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
48 warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n"; 48 warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n";
49 }; 49 };
50 50
51 # MAINLOOP 51 # MAINLOOP
52 EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop 52 EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop
53 EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled 53 EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled
54 EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block 54 EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block
55 55
56=head1 DESCRIPTION 56=head1 DESCRIPTION
57 57
58This module provides an interface to libev 58This module provides an interface to libev
59(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation 59(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation
60below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of libev 60below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of
61itself (L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>) for more subtle details on 61libev itself (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod> or
62watcher semantics or some discussion on the available backends, or how to 62F<perldoc EV::libev>) for more subtle details on watcher semantics or some
63force a specific backend with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just about in any case 63discussion on the available backends, or how to force a specific backend
64because it has much more detailed information. 64with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just about in any case because it has much more
65detailed information.
66
67This module is very fast and scalable. It is actually so fast that you
68can use it through the L<AnyEvent> module, stay portable to other event
69loops (if you don't rely on any watcher types not available through it)
70and still be faster than with any other event loop currently supported in
71Perl.
72
73=head2 MODULE EXPORTS
74
75This module does not export any symbols.
65 76
66=cut 77=cut
67 78
68package EV; 79package EV;
69 80
70use strict; 81use common::sense;
71 82
72BEGIN { 83BEGIN {
73 our $VERSION = '1.85'; 84 our $VERSION = '4.00';
74 use XSLoader; 85 use XSLoader;
75 XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION; 86 XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION;
76} 87}
77 88
78@EV::IO::ISA = 89@EV::IO::ISA =
… …
84@EV::Idle::ISA = 95@EV::Idle::ISA =
85@EV::Prepare::ISA = 96@EV::Prepare::ISA =
86@EV::Check::ISA = 97@EV::Check::ISA =
87@EV::Embed::ISA = 98@EV::Embed::ISA =
88@EV::Fork::ISA = 99@EV::Fork::ISA =
100@EV::Async::ISA =
89 "EV::Watcher"; 101 "EV::Watcher";
102
103@EV::Loop::Default::ISA = "EV::Loop";
104
105=head1 EVENT LOOPS
106
107EV supports multiple event loops: There is a single "default event loop"
108that can handle everything including signals and child watchers, and any
109number of "dynamic event loops" that can use different backends (with
110various limitations), but no child and signal watchers.
111
112You do not have to do anything to create the default event loop: When
113the module is loaded a suitable backend is selected on the premise of
114selecting a working backend (which for example rules out kqueue on most
115BSDs). Modules should, unless they have "special needs" always use the
116default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other
117modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop.
118
119For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically.
120
121If you want to take advantage of kqueue (which often works properly for
122sockets only) even though the default loop doesn't enable it, you can
123I<embed> a kqueue loop into the default loop: running the default loop
124will then also service the kqueue loop to some extent. See the example in
125the section about embed watchers for an example on how to achieve that.
126
127=over 4
128
129=item $loop = new EV::Loop [$flags]
130
131Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to
132the C<ev_loop_new ()> function description in the libev documentation
133(L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS>,
134or locally-installed as F<EV::libev> manpage) for more info.
135
136The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer referenced
137by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope.
138
139If you are not embedding the loop, then Using C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK>
140is recommended, as only the default event loop is protected by this
141module. If you I<are> embedding this loop in the default loop, this is not
142necessary, as C<EV::embed> automatically does the right thing on fork.
143
144=item $loop->loop_fork
145
146Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or continuing
147the event loop. An alternative is to use C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> which calls
148this function automatically, at some performance loss (refer to the libev
149documentation).
150
151=item $loop->loop_verify
152
153Calls C<ev_verify> to make internal consistency checks (for debugging
154libev) and abort the program if any data structures were found to be
155corrupted.
156
157=item $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags]
158
159Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). Since this module
160already creates the default loop with default flags, specifying flags here
161will not have any effect unless you destroy the default loop first, which
162isn't supported. So in short: don't do it, and if you break it, you get to
163keep the pieces.
164
165=back
166
90 167
91=head1 BASIC INTERFACE 168=head1 BASIC INTERFACE
92 169
93=over 4 170=over 4
94 171
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98throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The default prints an 175throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The default prints an
99informative message and continues. 176informative message and continues.
100 177
101If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored. 178If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored.
102 179
180=item $flags = EV::supported_backends
181
182=item $flags = EV::recommended_backends
183
184=item $flags = EV::embeddable_backends
185
186Returns the set (see C<EV::BACKEND_*> flags) of backends supported by this
187instance of EV, the set of recommended backends (supposed to be good) for
188this platform and the set of embeddable backends (see EMBED WATCHERS).
189
190=item EV::sleep $seconds
191
192Block the process for the given number of (fractional) seconds.
193
103=item $time = EV::time 194=item $time = EV::time
104 195
105Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch. 196Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch.
106 197
107=item $time = EV::now 198=item $time = EV::now
108 199
200=item $time = $loop->now
201
109Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This 202Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This
110is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering to it is 203is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and referring to it is
111usually faster then calling EV::time. 204usually faster then calling EV::time.
112 205
113=item $method = EV::method 206=item EV::now_update
114 207
208=item $loop->now_update
209
210Establishes the current time by querying the kernel, updating the time
211returned by C<EV::now> in the progress. This is a costly operation and
212is usually done automatically within C<EV::loop>.
213
214This function is rarely useful, but when some event callback runs for a
215very long time without entering the event loop, updating libev's idea of
216the current time is a good idea.
217
218=item EV::suspend
219
220=item $loop->suspend
221
222=item EV::resume
223
224=item $loop->resume
225
226These two functions suspend and resume a loop, for use when the loop is
227not used for a while and timeouts should not be processed.
228
229A typical use case would be an interactive program such as a game: When
230the user presses C<^Z> to suspend the game and resumes it an hour later it
231would be best to handle timeouts as if no time had actually passed while
232the program was suspended. This can be achieved by calling C<suspend>
233in your C<SIGTSTP> handler, sending yourself a C<SIGSTOP> and calling
234C<resume> directly afterwards to resume timer processing.
235
236Effectively, all C<timer> watchers will be delayed by the time spend
237between C<suspend> and C<resume>, and all C<periodic> watchers
238will be rescheduled (that is, they will lose any events that would have
239occured while suspended).
240
241After calling C<suspend> you B<must not> call I<any> function on the given
242loop other than C<resume>, and you B<must not> call C<resume>
243without a previous call to C<suspend>.
244
245Calling C<suspend>/C<resume> has the side effect of updating the event
246loop time (see C<now_update>).
247
248=item $backend = EV::backend
249
250=item $backend = $loop->backend
251
115Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::METHOD_SELECT 252Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::BACKEND_SELECT
116or EV::METHOD_EPOLL). 253or EV::BACKEND_EPOLL).
117 254
118=item EV::loop [$flags] 255=item EV::loop [$flags]
256
257=item $loop->loop ([$flags])
119 258
120Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a 259Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a
121callback calls EV::unloop. 260callback calls EV::unloop.
122 261
123The $flags argument can be one of the following: 262The $flags argument can be one of the following:
… …
126 EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop) 265 EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop)
127 EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait) 266 EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait)
128 267
129=item EV::unloop [$how] 268=item EV::unloop [$how]
130 269
270=item $loop->unloop ([$how])
271
131When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ONE, makes the 272When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ONE, makes the
132innermost call to EV::loop return. 273innermost call to EV::loop return.
133 274
134When called with an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ALL, all calls to EV::loop will return as 275When called with an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ALL, all calls to EV::loop will return as
135fast as possible. 276fast as possible.
136 277
137=item $count = EV::loop_count 278=item $count = EV::loop_count
138 279
280=item $count = $loop->loop_count
281
139Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new 282Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new
140events. Sometiems useful as a generation counter. 283events. Sometimes useful as a generation counter.
141 284
142=item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents) 285=item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)
286
287=item $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents))
143 288
144This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single 289This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single
145one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object. 290one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object.
146 291
147If C<$fh_or_undef> is a filehandle or file descriptor, then C<$events> 292If C<$fh_or_undef> is a filehandle or file descriptor, then C<$events>
… …
153If timeout is C<undef> or negative, then there will be no 298If timeout is C<undef> or negative, then there will be no
154timeout. Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started. 299timeout. Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started.
155 300
156When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, then 301When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, then
157the callback will be called with the received event set (in general 302the callback will be called with the received event set (in general
158you can expect it to be a combination of C<EV:ERROR>, C<EV::READ>, 303you can expect it to be a combination of C<EV::ERROR>, C<EV::READ>,
159C<EV::WRITE> and C<EV::TIMEOUT>). 304C<EV::WRITE> and C<EV::TIMER>).
160 305
161EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till either 306EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till either
162of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and the callback 307of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and the callback
163invoked. 308invoked.
164 309
165=item EV::feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents) 310=item EV::feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents)
166 311
312=item $loop->feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents)
313
167Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this call as 314Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this call as
168if the readyness notifications specified by C<$revents> (a combination of 315if the readyness notifications specified by C<$revents> (a combination of
169C<EV::READ> and C<EV::WRITE>) happened on the file descriptor C<$fd>. 316C<EV::READ> and C<EV::WRITE>) happened on the file descriptor C<$fd>.
170 317
171=item EV::feed_signal_event ($signal) 318=item EV::feed_signal_event ($signal)
172 319
173Feed a signal event into EV. EV will react to this call as if the signal 320Feed a signal event into EV. EV will react to this call as if the signal
174specified by C<$signal> had occured. 321specified by C<$signal> had occured.
175 322
176=back 323=item EV::set_io_collect_interval $time
177 324
325=item $loop->set_io_collect_interval ($time)
178 326
327=item EV::set_timeout_collect_interval $time
328
329=item $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time)
330
331These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling for I/O events and the minimum
332wait interval for timer events. See the libev documentation at
333L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP>
334(locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for a more detailed discussion.
335
336=item $count = EV::pending_count
337
338=item $count = $loop->pending_count
339
340Returns the number of currently pending watchers.
341
342=item EV::invoke_pending
343
344=item $loop->invoke_pending
345
346Invoke all currently pending watchers.
347
348=back
349
350
179=head2 WATCHER OBJECTS 351=head1 WATCHER OBJECTS
180 352
181A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some 353A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some
182event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you 354event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you
183would create an EV::io watcher for that: 355would create an EV::io watcher for that:
184 356
185 my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { 357 my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
186 my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; 358 my ($watcher, $revents) = @_;
187 warn "yeah, STDIN should not be readable without blocking!\n" 359 warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n"
188 }; 360 };
189 361
190All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only 362All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only
191active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be 363active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be
192called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received 364called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received
193events. 365events.
194 366
195Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the 367Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the
196same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the 368same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the
197type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, 369type, i.e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE,
198EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events 370EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events
199(which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer (which 371(which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits).
200uses EV::TIMEOUT).
201 372
202In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at 373In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at
203the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing C<_ns> in 374the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing C<_ns> in
204its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on. 375its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on.
205 376
… …
276Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call as if 447Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call as if
277the watcher had received the given C<$revents> mask. 448the watcher had received the given C<$revents> mask.
278 449
279=item $revents = $w->clear_pending 450=item $revents = $w->clear_pending
280 451
281If the watcher is pending, this function returns clears its pending status 452If the watcher is pending, this function clears its pending status and
282and returns its C<$revents> bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the 453returns its C<$revents> bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the
283watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns C<0>. 454watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns C<0>.
284 455
285=item $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool) 456=item $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool)
286 457
287Normally, C<EV::loop> will return when there are no active watchers 458Normally, C<EV::loop> will return when there are no active watchers
288(which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). This is 459(which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). This is
289convinient because it allows you to start your watchers (and your jobs), 460convenient because it allows you to start your watchers (and your jobs),
290call C<EV::loop> once and when it returns you know that all your jobs are 461call C<EV::loop> once and when it returns you know that all your jobs are
291finished (or they forgot to register some watchers for their task :). 462finished (or they forgot to register some watchers for their task :).
292 463
293Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when you the module 464Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when the module
294that calls C<EV::loop> (usually the main program) is not the same module 465that calls C<EV::loop> (usually the main program) is not the same module
295as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client module written by 466as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client module written by
296somebody else even). Then you might want any outstanding requests to be 467somebody else even). Then you might want any outstanding requests to be
297handled, but you would not want to keep C<EV::loop> from returning just 468handled, but you would not want to keep C<EV::loop> from returning just
298because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher. 469because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher.
299 470
300In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even 471In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even
301though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning. 472though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning.
302 473
303The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you cna change it 474The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you can change it
304any time. 475any time.
305 476
306Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the 477Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the
307event loop from running just because of that watcher. 478event loop from running just because of that watcher.
308 479
309 my $udp_socket = ... 480 my $udp_socket = ...
310 my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... }; 481 my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... };
311 $udp_watcher->keepalive (0); 482 $udp_watcher->keepalive (0);
312 483
313=back 484=item $loop = $w->loop
314 485
486Return the loop that this watcher is attached to.
315 487
488=back
489
490
316=head2 WATCHER TYPES 491=head1 WATCHER TYPES
317 492
318Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type. 493Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type.
319 494
320=head3 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable? 495=head3 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable?
321 496
322=over 4 497=over 4
323 498
324=item $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback 499=item $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
325 500
326=item $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback 501=item $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
502
503=item $w = $loop->io ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
504
505=item $w = $loop->io_ns ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
327 506
328As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the C<$callback> 507As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the C<$callback>
329when at least one of events specified in C<$eventmask> occurs. 508when at least one of events specified in C<$eventmask> occurs.
330 509
331The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together: 510The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together:
… …
360=over 4 539=over 4
361 540
362=item $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback 541=item $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback
363 542
364=item $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback 543=item $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback
544
545=item $w = $loop->timer ($after, $repeat, $callback)
546
547=item $w = $loop->timer_ns ($after, $repeat, $callback)
365 548
366Calls the callback after C<$after> seconds (which may be fractional). If 549Calls the callback after C<$after> seconds (which may be fractional). If
367C<$repeat> is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the $repeat 550C<$repeat> is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the $repeat
368value as $after) after the callback returns. 551value as $after) after the callback returns.
369 552
… …
410=over 4 593=over 4
411 594
412=item $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback 595=item $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
413 596
414=item $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback 597=item $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
598
599=item $w = $loop->periodic ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
600
601=item $w = $loop->periodic_ns ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
415 602
416Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on 603Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on
417absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger "at" the 604absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger "at" the
418specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting absolute timers and 605specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting absolute timers and
419more complex, cron-like, setups that are not adversely affected by time 606more complex, cron-like, setups that are not adversely affected by time
… …
429This time simply fires at the wallclock time C<$at> and doesn't repeat. It 616This time simply fires at the wallclock time C<$at> and doesn't repeat. It
430will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if it is to be run 617will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if it is to be run
431at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the system time reaches or 618at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the system time reaches or
432surpasses this time. 619surpasses this time.
433 620
434=item * non-repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0) 621=item * repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0)
435 622
436In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the 623In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the
437next C<$at + N * $interval> time (for some integer N) and then repeat, 624next C<$at + N * $interval> time (for some integer N) and then repeat,
438regardless of any time jumps. 625regardless of any time jumps.
439 626
… …
457time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule callback 644time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule callback
458($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as first, and the current 645($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as first, and the current
459time as second argument. 646time as second argument.
460 647
461I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other periodic 648I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other periodic
462watcher, ever>. If you need to stop it, return 1e30 and stop it 649watcher, ever, and MUST NOT call any event loop functions or methods>. If
463afterwards. 650you need to stop it, return 1e30 and stop it afterwards. You may create
651and start a C<EV::prepare> watcher for this task.
464 652
465It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value 653It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value
466(that is, the lowest time value larger than to the second argument). It 654(that is, the lowest time value larger than or equal to to the second
467will usually be called just before the callback will be triggered, but 655argument). It will usually be called just before the callback will be
468might be called at other times, too. 656triggered, but might be called at other times, too.
469 657
470This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that 658This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that
471triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours after the last 659triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours after the last
472midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know a way to do it correctly 660midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know a way to do it correctly
473in about the same space (without requiring elaborate modules), drop me a 661in about the same space (without requiring elaborate modules), drop me a
… …
494 682
495=item $w->again 683=item $w->again
496 684
497Simply stops and starts the watcher again. 685Simply stops and starts the watcher again.
498 686
687=item $time = $w->at
688
689Return the time that the watcher is expected to trigger next.
690
499=back 691=back
500 692
501 693
502=head3 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled! 694=head3 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled!
503 695
504=over 4 696=over 4
505 697
506=item $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback 698=item $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback
507 699
508=item $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback 700=item $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback
701
702=item $w = $loop->signal ($signal, $callback)
703
704=item $w = $loop->signal_ns ($signal, $callback)
509 705
510Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be specified by 706Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be specified by
511number or by name, just as with C<kill> or C<%SIG>). 707number or by name, just as with C<kill> or C<%SIG>).
708
709Only one event loop can grab a given signal - attempting to grab the same
710signal from two EV loops will crash the program immediately or cause data
711corruption.
512 712
513EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one 713EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one
514component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal watcher, 714component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal watcher,
515and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same when you 715and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same when you
516add/remove callbacks to C<%SIG>, so watch out. 716add/remove callbacks to C<%SIG>, so watch out.
… …
536 736
537=head3 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes 737=head3 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes
538 738
539=over 4 739=over 4
540 740
541=item $w = EV::child $pid, $callback 741=item $w = EV::child $pid, $trace, $callback
542 742
543=item $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $callback 743=item $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $trace, $callback
544 744
745=item $w = $loop->child ($pid, $trace, $callback)
746
747=item $w = $loop->child_ns ($pid, $trace, $callback)
748
545Call the callback when a status change for pid C<$pid> (or any pid if 749Call the callback when a status change for pid C<$pid> (or any pid
546C<$pid> is 0) has been received. More precisely: when the process receives 750if C<$pid> is 0) has been received (a status change happens when the
751process terminates or is killed, or, when trace is true, additionally when
752it is stopped or continued). More precisely: when the process receives
547a C<SIGCHLD>, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status for all 753a C<SIGCHLD>, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status for all
548changed/zombie children and call the callback. 754changed/zombie children and call the callback.
549 755
550It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a child 756It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a child
551has exited but before the event loop has started its next iteration (for 757has exited but before the event loop has started its next iteration (for
… …
558You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want, they will all be 764You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want, they will all be
559called. 765called.
560 766
561The C<child_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. 767The C<child_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
562 768
563=item $w->set ($pid) 769=item $w->set ($pid, $trace)
564 770
565Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at 771Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at
566any time. 772any time.
567 773
568=item $current_pid = $w->pid 774=item $current_pid = $w->pid
569 775
570=item $old_pid = $w->pid ($new_pid)
571
572Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one. 776Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one.
573 777
574=item $exit_status = $w->rstatus 778=item $exit_status = $w->rstatus
575 779
576Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid entry 780Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid entry
… …
589=over 4 793=over 4
590 794
591=item $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback 795=item $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback
592 796
593=item $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback 797=item $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback
798
799=item $w = $loop->stat ($path, $interval, $callback)
800
801=item $w = $loop->stat_ns ($path, $interval, $callback)
594 802
595Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on 803Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on
596C<$path>. The C<$path> does not need to exist, changing from "path exists" 804C<$path>. The C<$path> does not need to exist, changing from "path exists"
597to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other. 805to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other.
598 806
… …
668=over 4 876=over 4
669 877
670=item $w = EV::idle $callback 878=item $w = EV::idle $callback
671 879
672=item $w = EV::idle_ns $callback 880=item $w = EV::idle_ns $callback
881
882=item $w = $loop->idle ($callback)
883
884=item $w = $loop->idle_ns ($callback)
673 885
674Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the same or 886Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the same or
675higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle watchers of the 887higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle watchers of the
676same or lower priority, of course). They are called idle watchers because 888same or lower priority, of course). They are called idle watchers because
677when the watcher is the highest priority pending event in the process, the 889when the watcher is the highest priority pending event in the process, the
… …
700 912
701=item $w = EV::prepare $callback 913=item $w = EV::prepare $callback
702 914
703=item $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback 915=item $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback
704 916
917=item $w = $loop->prepare ($callback)
918
919=item $w = $loop->prepare_ns ($callback)
920
705Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still 921Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still
706create/modify any watchers at this point. 922create/modify any watchers at this point.
707 923
708See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example. 924See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example.
709 925
… …
717=over 4 933=over 4
718 934
719=item $w = EV::check $callback 935=item $w = EV::check $callback
720 936
721=item $w = EV::check_ns $callback 937=item $w = EV::check_ns $callback
938
939=item $w = $loop->check ($callback)
940
941=item $w = $loop->check_ns ($callback)
722 942
723Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it has 943Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it has
724gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been invoked. 944gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been invoked.
725 945
726This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV 946This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV
… …
761 # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff 981 # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff
762 ... not shown 982 ... not shown
763 }; 983 };
764 984
765The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers 985The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers
766are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check gets called 986are destroyed before this can happen (remember EV::check gets called
767first). 987first).
768 988
769The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. 989The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
770 990
771=back 991=back
… …
781 1001
782=item $w = EV::fork $callback 1002=item $w = EV::fork $callback
783 1003
784=item $w = EV::fork_ns $callback 1004=item $w = EV::fork_ns $callback
785 1005
1006=item $w = $loop->fork ($callback)
1007
1008=item $w = $loop->fork_ns ($callback)
1009
786Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child process 1010Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child process
787after a fork. 1011after a fork.
788 1012
789The C<fork_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. 1013The C<fork_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
1014
1015=back
1016
1017
1018=head3 EMBED WATCHERS - when one backend isn't enough...
1019
1020This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop
1021into another (currently only IO events are supported in the embedded
1022loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect
1023fashion and must not be used).
1024
1025See the libev documentation at
1026L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_>
1027(locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for more details.
1028
1029In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working
1030kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets:
1031
1032 my $socket_loop;
1033
1034 # check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported
1035 if (
1036 (EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL | EV::BACKEND_SELECT))
1037 && (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE)
1038 ) {
1039 # use kqueue for sockets
1040 $socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE | EV::FLAG_NOENV;
1041 }
1042
1043 # use the default loop otherwise
1044 $socket_loop ||= EV::default_loop;
1045
1046=over 4
1047
1048=item $w = EV::embed $otherloop[, $callback]
1049
1050=item $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop[, $callback]
1051
1052=item $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop[, $callback])
1053
1054=item $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop[, $callback])
1055
1056Call the callback when the embedded event loop (C<$otherloop>) has any
1057I/O activity. The C<$callback> is optional: if it is missing, then the
1058embedded event loop will be managed automatically (which is recommended),
1059otherwise you have to invoke C<sweep> yourself.
1060
1061The C<embed_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
1062
1063=back
1064
1065=head3 ASYNC WATCHERS - how to wake up another event loop
1066
1067Async watchers are provided by EV, but have little use in perl directly,
1068as perl neither supports threads running in parallel nor direct access to
1069signal handlers or other contexts where they could be of value.
1070
1071It is, however, possible to use them from the XS level.
1072
1073Please see the libev documentation for further details.
1074
1075=over 4
1076
1077=item $w = EV::async $callback
1078
1079=item $w = EV::async_ns $callback
1080
1081=item $w->send
1082
1083=item $bool = $w->async_pending
790 1084
791=back 1085=back
792 1086
793 1087
794=head1 PERL SIGNALS 1088=head1 PERL SIGNALS
… …
805to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a C<EV::check> 1099to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a C<EV::check>
806watcher: 1100watcher:
807 1101
808 my $async_check = EV::check sub { }; 1102 my $async_check = EV::check sub { };
809 1103
810This ensures that perl shortly gets into control for a short time, and 1104This ensures that perl gets into control for a short time to handle any
811also ensures slower overall operation. 1105pending signals, and also ensures (slightly) slower overall operation.
812 1106
813=head1 THREADS 1107=head1 ITHREADS
814 1108
815Threads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads 1109Ithreads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads
816is evil stuff and must die. As soon as Perl gains real threads I will work 1110is evil stuff and must die. Real threads as provided by Coro are fully
817on thread support for it. 1111supported (and enhanced support is available via L<Coro::EV>).
818 1112
819=head1 FORK 1113=head1 FORK
820 1114
821Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating 1115Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating
822systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is 1116systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is
… …
844 1138
8451; 11391;
846 1140
847=head1 SEE ALSO 1141=head1 SEE ALSO
848 1142
849L<EV::ADNS> (asynchronous dns), L<Glib::EV> (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as 1143L<EV::ADNS> (asynchronous DNS), L<Glib::EV> (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as
850event loop), L<Coro::EV> (efficient coroutines with EV). 1144event loop), L<EV::Glib> (embed Glib into EV), L<Coro::EV> (efficient
1145coroutines with EV), L<Net::SNMP::EV> (asynchronous SNMP), L<AnyEvent> for
1146event-loop agnostic and portable event driven programming.
851 1147
852=head1 AUTHOR 1148=head1 AUTHOR
853 1149
854 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1150 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
855 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1151 http://home.schmorp.de/
856 1152
857=cut 1153=cut
858 1154

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