[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/EV/EV.pm

Comparing EV/EV.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 19:22:16 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.149 by root, Wed Apr 20 13:43:39 2016 UTC

…		…
2		2
3	EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop	3	EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use EV;	7	use EV;
		8
		9	# TIMERS
		10
		11	my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
		12	warn "is called after 2s";
		13	};
		14
		15	my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
		16	warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
		17	};
		18
		19	undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
		20
		21	my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
		22	warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
		23	};
		24
		25	# IO
		26
		27	my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
		28	my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
		29	warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
		30	};
		31
		32	# SIGNALS
		33
		34	my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
		35	warn "sigquit received\n";
		36	};
		37
		38	# CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
8		39
9	# TIMERS	40	my $w = EV::child 666, 0, sub {
		41	my ($w, $revents) = @_;
		42	my $status = $w->rstatus;
		43	};
10		44
11	my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
12	warn "is called after 2s";
13	};
14
15	my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
16	warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
17	};
18
19	undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
20
21	my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
22	warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
23	};
24
25	# IO
26
27	my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
28	my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
29	warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
30	};
31
32	# SIGNALS
33
34	my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
35	warn "sigquit received\n";
36	};
37
38	# CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
39
40	my $w = EV::child 666, sub {
41	my ($w, $revents) = @_;
42	my $status = $w->rstatus;
43	};
44
45	# STAT CHANGES	45	# STAT CHANGES
46	my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub {	46	my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub {
47	my ($w, $revents) = @_;	47	my ($w, $revents) = @_;
48	warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n";	48	warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n";
49	};	49	};
50		50
51	# MAINLOOP	51	# MAINLOOP
52	EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop	52	EV::run; # loop until EV::break is called or all watchers stop
53	EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled	53	EV::run EV::RUN_ONCE; # block until at least one event could be handled
54	EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block	54	EV::run EV::RUN_NOWAIT; # try to handle same events, but do not block
		55
		56	=head1 BEFORE YOU START USING THIS MODULE
		57
		58	If you only need timer, I/O, signal, child and idle watchers and not the
		59	advanced functionality of this module, consider using L<AnyEvent> instead,
		60	specifically the simplified API described in L<AE>.
		61
		62	When used with EV as backend, the L<AE> API is as fast as the native L<EV>
		63	API, but your programs/modules will still run with many other event loops.
55		64
56	=head1 DESCRIPTION	65	=head1 DESCRIPTION
57		66
58	This module provides an interface to libev	67	This module provides an interface to libev
59	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation	68	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation
60	below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of libev	69	below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of
61	itself (L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>) for more subtle details on	70	libev itself (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod> or
62	watcher semantics or some discussion on the available backends, or how to	71	F<perldoc EV::libev>) for more subtle details on watcher semantics or some
63	force a specific backend with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>.	72	discussion on the available backends, or how to force a specific backend
		73	with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just about in any case because it has much more
		74	detailed information.
		75
		76	This module is very fast and scalable. It is actually so fast that you
		77	can use it through the L<AnyEvent> module, stay portable to other event
		78	loops (if you don't rely on any watcher types not available through it)
		79	and still be faster than with any other event loop currently supported in
		80	Perl.
		81
		82	=head2 PORTING FROM EV 3.X to 4.X
		83
		84	EV version 4 introduces a number of incompatible changes summarised
		85	here. According to the depreciation strategy used by libev, there is a
		86	compatibility layer in place so programs should continue to run unchanged
		87	(the XS interface lacks this layer, so programs using that one need to be
		88	updated).
		89
		90	This compatibility layer will be switched off in some future release.
		91
		92	All changes relevant to Perl are renames of symbols, functions and
		93	methods:
		94
		95	EV::loop => EV::run
		96	EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK => EV::RUN_NOWAIT
		97	EV::LOOP_ONESHOT => EV::RUN_ONCE
		98
		99	EV::unloop => EV::break
		100	EV::UNLOOP_CANCEL => EV::BREAK_CANCEL
		101	EV::UNLOOP_ONE => EV::BREAK_ONE
		102	EV::UNLOOP_ALL => EV::BREAK_ALL
		103
		104	EV::TIMEOUT => EV::TIMER
		105
		106	EV::loop_count => EV::iteration
		107	EV::loop_depth => EV::depth
		108	EV::loop_verify => EV::verify
		109
		110	The loop object methods corresponding to the functions above have been
		111	similarly renamed.
		112
		113	=head2 MODULE EXPORTS
		114
		115	This module does not export any symbols.
64		116
65	=cut	117	=cut
66		118
67	package EV;	119	package EV;
68		120
69	use strict;	121	use common::sense;
70		122
71	BEGIN {	123	BEGIN {
72	our $VERSION = '1.5';	124	our $VERSION = 4.22;
73	use XSLoader;	125	use XSLoader;
		126	local $^W = 0; # avoid spurious warning
74	XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION;	127	XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION;
75	}	128	}
76		129
77	@EV::IO::ISA =	130	@EV::IO::ISA =
78	@EV::Timer::ISA =	131	@EV::Timer::ISA =
…		…
83	@EV::Idle::ISA =	136	@EV::Idle::ISA =
84	@EV::Prepare::ISA =	137	@EV::Prepare::ISA =
85	@EV::Check::ISA =	138	@EV::Check::ISA =
86	@EV::Embed::ISA =	139	@EV::Embed::ISA =
87	@EV::Fork::ISA =	140	@EV::Fork::ISA =
		141	@EV::Async::ISA =
88	"EV::Watcher";	142	"EV::Watcher";
89		143
		144	@EV::Loop::Default::ISA = "EV::Loop";
		145
		146	=head1 EVENT LOOPS
		147
		148	EV supports multiple event loops: There is a single "default event loop"
		149	that can handle everything including signals and child watchers, and any
		150	number of "dynamic event loops" that can use different backends (with
		151	various limitations), but no child and signal watchers.
		152
		153	You do not have to do anything to create the default event loop: When
		154	the module is loaded a suitable backend is selected on the premise of
		155	selecting a working backend (which for example rules out kqueue on most
		156	BSDs). Modules should, unless they have "special needs" always use the
		157	default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other
		158	modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop.
		159
		160	For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically.
		161
		162	If you want to take advantage of kqueue (which often works properly for
		163	sockets only) even though the default loop doesn't enable it, you can
		164	I<embed> a kqueue loop into the default loop: running the default loop
		165	will then also service the kqueue loop to some extent. See the example in
		166	the section about embed watchers for an example on how to achieve that.
		167
		168	=over 4
		169
		170	=item $loop = new EV::Loop [$flags]
		171
		172	Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to
		173	the C<ev_loop_new ()> function description in the libev documentation
		174	(L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS>,
		175	or locally-installed as F<EV::libev> manpage) for more info.
		176
		177	The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer referenced
		178	by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope.
		179
		180	If you are not embedding the loop, then Using C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK>
		181	is recommended, as only the default event loop is protected by this
		182	module. If you I<are> embedding this loop in the default loop, this is not
		183	necessary, as C<EV::embed> automatically does the right thing on fork.
		184
		185	=item $loop->loop_fork
		186
		187	Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or continuing
		188	the event loop. An alternative is to use C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> which calls
		189	this function automatically, at some performance loss (refer to the libev
		190	documentation).
		191
		192	=item $loop->verify
		193
		194	Calls C<ev_verify> to make internal consistency checks (for debugging
		195	libev) and abort the program if any data structures were found to be
		196	corrupted.
		197
		198	=item $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags]
		199
		200	Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). Since this module
		201	already creates the default loop with default flags, specifying flags here
		202	will not have any effect unless you destroy the default loop first, which
		203	isn't supported. So in short: don't do it, and if you break it, you get to
		204	keep the pieces.
		205
		206	=back
		207
		208
90	=head1 BASIC INTERFACE	209	=head1 BASIC INTERFACE
91		210
92	=over 4	211	=over 4
93		212
94	=item $EV::DIED	213	=item $EV::DIED
95		214
96	Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a callback	215	Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a callback
97	throws an exception (with $@ containing thr error). The default prints an	216	throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The default prints an
98	informative message and continues.	217	informative message and continues.
99		218
100	If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored.	219	If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored.
101		220
		221	=item $flags = EV::supported_backends
		222
		223	=item $flags = EV::recommended_backends
		224
		225	=item $flags = EV::embeddable_backends
		226
		227	Returns the set (see C<EV::BACKEND_*> flags) of backends supported by this
		228	instance of EV, the set of recommended backends (supposed to be good) for
		229	this platform and the set of embeddable backends (see EMBED WATCHERS).
		230
		231	=item EV::sleep $seconds
		232
		233	Block the process for the given number of (fractional) seconds.
		234
102	=item $time = EV::time	235	=item $time = EV::time
103		236
104	Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch.	237	Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch.
105		238
106	=item $time = EV::now	239	=item $time = EV::now
107		240
		241	=item $time = $loop->now
		242
108	Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This	243	Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This
109	is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering to it is	244	is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and referring to it is
110	usually faster then calling EV::time.	245	usually faster then calling EV::time.
111		246
112	=item $method = EV::method	247	=item EV::now_update
113		248
		249	=item $loop->now_update
		250
		251	Establishes the current time by querying the kernel, updating the time
		252	returned by C<EV::now> in the progress. This is a costly operation and
		253	is usually done automatically within C<EV::loop>.
		254
		255	This function is rarely useful, but when some event callback runs for a
		256	very long time without entering the event loop, updating libev's idea of
		257	the current time is a good idea.
		258
		259	=item EV::suspend
		260
		261	=item $loop->suspend
		262
		263	=item EV::resume
		264
		265	=item $loop->resume
		266
		267	These two functions suspend and resume a loop, for use when the loop is
		268	not used for a while and timeouts should not be processed.
		269
		270	A typical use case would be an interactive program such as a game: When
		271	the user presses C<^Z> to suspend the game and resumes it an hour later it
		272	would be best to handle timeouts as if no time had actually passed while
		273	the program was suspended. This can be achieved by calling C<suspend>
		274	in your C<SIGTSTP> handler, sending yourself a C<SIGSTOP> and calling
		275	C<resume> directly afterwards to resume timer processing.
		276
		277	Effectively, all C<timer> watchers will be delayed by the time spend
		278	between C<suspend> and C<resume>, and all C<periodic> watchers
		279	will be rescheduled (that is, they will lose any events that would have
		280	occured while suspended).
		281
		282	After calling C<suspend> you B<must not> call I<any> function on the given
		283	loop other than C<resume>, and you B<must not> call C<resume>
		284	without a previous call to C<suspend>.
		285
		286	Calling C<suspend>/C<resume> has the side effect of updating the event
		287	loop time (see C<now_update>).
		288
		289	=item $backend = EV::backend
		290
		291	=item $backend = $loop->backend
		292
114	Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::METHOD_SELECT	293	Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::BACKEND_SELECT
115	or EV::METHOD_EPOLL).	294	or EV::BACKEND_EPOLL).
116		295
117	=item EV::loop [$flags]	296	=item $active = EV::run [$flags]
		297
		298	=item $active = $loop->run ([$flags])
118		299
119	Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a	300	Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a
120	callback calls EV::unloop.	301	callback calls EV::break or the flags are nonzero (in which case the
		302	return value is true) or when there are no active watchers which reference
		303	the loop (keepalive is true), in which case the return value will be
		304	false. The return value can generally be interpreted as "if true, there is
		305	more work left to do".
121		306
122	The $flags argument can be one of the following:	307	The $flags argument can be one of the following:
123		308
124	0 as above	309	0 as above
125	EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop)	310	EV::RUN_ONCE block at most once (wait, but do not loop)
126	EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait)	311	EV::RUN_NOWAIT do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait)
127		312
128	=item EV::unloop [$how]	313	=item EV::break [$how]
129		314
		315	=item $loop->break ([$how])
		316
130	When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ONE, makes the	317	When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::BREAK_ONE, makes the
131	innermost call to EV::loop return.	318	innermost call to EV::loop return.
132		319
133	When called with an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ALL, all calls to EV::loop will return as	320	When called with an argument of EV::BREAK_ALL, all calls to EV::loop will
134	fast as possible.	321	return as fast as possible.
		322
		323	When called with an argument of EV::BREAK_CANCEL, any pending break will
		324	be cancelled.
		325
		326	=item $count = EV::iteration
		327
		328	=item $count = $loop->iteration
		329
		330	Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new
		331	events. Sometimes useful as a generation counter.
135		332
136	=item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)	333	=item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)
		334
		335	=item $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents))
137		336
138	This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single	337	This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single
139	one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object.	338	one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object.
140		339
141	If C<$fh_or_undef> is a filehandle or file descriptor, then C<$events>	340	If C<$fh_or_undef> is a filehandle or file descriptor, then C<$events>
…		…
147	If timeout is C<undef> or negative, then there will be no	346	If timeout is C<undef> or negative, then there will be no
148	timeout. Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started.	347	timeout. Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started.
149		348
150	When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, then	349	When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, then
151	the callback will be called with the received event set (in general	350	the callback will be called with the received event set (in general
152	you can expect it to be a combination of C<EV:ERROR>, C<EV::READ>,	351	you can expect it to be a combination of C<EV::ERROR>, C<EV::READ>,
153	C<EV::WRITE> and C<EV::TIMEOUT>).	352	C<EV::WRITE> and C<EV::TIMER>).
154		353
155	EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till either	354	EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till either
156	of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and the callback	355	of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and the callback
157	invoked.	356	invoked.
158		357
159	=back	358	=item EV::feed_fd_event $fd, $revents
160		359
		360	=item $loop->feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents)
		361
		362	Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this call as
		363	if the readyness notifications specified by C<$revents> (a combination of
		364	C<EV::READ> and C<EV::WRITE>) happened on the file descriptor C<$fd>.
		365
		366	=item EV::feed_signal_event $signal
		367
		368	Feed a signal event into the default loop. EV will react to this call as
		369	if the signal specified by C<$signal> had occured.
		370
		371	=item EV::feed_signal $signal
		372
		373	Feed a signal event into EV - unlike C<EV::feed_signal_event>, this works
		374	regardless of which loop has registered the signal, and is mainly useful
		375	fro custom signal implementations.
		376
		377	=item EV::set_io_collect_interval $time
		378
		379	=item $loop->set_io_collect_interval ($time)
		380
		381	=item EV::set_timeout_collect_interval $time
		382
		383	=item $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time)
		384
		385	These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling for I/O events and the minimum
		386	wait interval for timer events. See the libev documentation at
		387	L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP>
		388	(locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for a more detailed discussion.
		389
		390	=item $count = EV::pending_count
		391
		392	=item $count = $loop->pending_count
		393
		394	Returns the number of currently pending watchers.
		395
		396	=item EV::invoke_pending
		397
		398	=item $loop->invoke_pending
		399
		400	Invoke all currently pending watchers.
		401
		402	=back
		403
		404
161	=head2 WATCHER OBJECTS	405	=head1 WATCHER OBJECTS
162		406
163	A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some	407	A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some
164	event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you	408	event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you
165	would create an EV::io watcher for that:	409	would create an EV::io watcher for that:
166		410
167	my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {	411	my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
168	my ($watcher, $revents) = @_;	412	my ($watcher, $revents) = @_;
169	warn "yeah, STDIN should not be readable without blocking!\n"	413	warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n"
170	};	414	};
171		415
172	All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only	416	All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only
173	active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be	417	active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be
174	called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received	418	called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received
175	events.	419	events.
176		420
177	Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the	421	Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the
178	same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the	422	same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the
179	type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE,	423	type, i.e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE,
180	EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of IO events	424	EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events
181	(which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer (which	425	(which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits).
182	uses EV::TIMEOUT).
183		426
184	In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at	427	In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at
185	the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing C<_ns> in	428	the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing C<_ns> in
186	its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on.	429	its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on.
187		430
…		…
207		450
208	=item $w->stop	451	=item $w->stop
209		452
210	Stop a watcher if it is active. Also clear any pending events (events that	453	Stop a watcher if it is active. Also clear any pending events (events that
211	have been received but that didn't yet result in a callback invocation),	454	have been received but that didn't yet result in a callback invocation),
212	regardless of wether the watcher was active or not.	455	regardless of whether the watcher was active or not.
213		456
214	=item $bool = $w->is_active	457	=item $bool = $w->is_active
215		458
216	Returns true if the watcher is active, false otherwise.	459	Returns true if the watcher is active, false otherwise.
217		460
…		…
247	The default priority of any newly-created watcher is 0.	490	The default priority of any newly-created watcher is 0.
248		491
249	Note that the priority semantics have not yet been fleshed out and are	492	Note that the priority semantics have not yet been fleshed out and are
250	subject to almost certain change.	493	subject to almost certain change.
251		494
252	=item $w->trigger ($revents)	495	=item $w->invoke ($revents)
253		496
254	Call the callback now with the given event mask.	497	Call the callback now with the given event mask.
		498
		499	=item $w->feed_event ($revents)
		500
		501	Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call as if
		502	the watcher had received the given C<$revents> mask.
		503
		504	=item $revents = $w->clear_pending
		505
		506	If the watcher is pending, this function clears its pending status and
		507	returns its C<$revents> bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If the
		508	watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns C<0>.
255		509
256	=item $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool)	510	=item $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool)
257		511
258	Normally, C<EV::loop> will return when there are no active watchers	512	Normally, C<EV::loop> will return when there are no active watchers
259	(which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). This is	513	(which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). This is
260	convinient because it allows you to start your watchers (and your jobs),	514	convenient because it allows you to start your watchers (and your jobs),
261	call C<EV::loop> once and when it returns you know that all your jobs are	515	call C<EV::loop> once and when it returns you know that all your jobs are
262	finished (or they forgot to register some watchers for their task :).	516	finished (or they forgot to register some watchers for their task :).
263		517
264	Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when you the module	518	Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when the module
265	that calls C<EV::loop> (usually the main program) is not the same module	519	that calls C<EV::loop> (usually the main program) is not the same module
266	as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client module written by	520	as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client module written by
267	somebody else even). Then you might want any outstanding requests to be	521	somebody else even). Then you might want any outstanding requests to be
268	handled, but you would not want to keep C<EV::loop> from returning just	522	handled, but you would not want to keep C<EV::loop> from returning just
269	because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher.	523	because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher.
270		524
271	In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even	525	In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even
272	though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning.	526	though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning.
273		527
274	The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you cna change it	528	The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you can change it
275	any time.	529	any time.
276		530
277	Example: Register an IO watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the	531	Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the
278	event loop from running just because of that watcher.	532	event loop from running just because of that watcher.
279		533
280	my $udp_socket = ...	534	my $udp_socket = ...
281	my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... };	535	my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... };
282	$udp_watcher->keepalive (0);	536	$udp_watcher->keepalive (0);
283		537
284	=back	538	=item $loop = $w->loop
285		539
		540	Return the loop that this watcher is attached to.
286		541
		542	=back
		543
		544
287	=head2 WATCHER TYPES	545	=head1 WATCHER TYPES
288		546
289	Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type.	547	Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type.
290		548
291	=head3 IO WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable?	549	=head3 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable?
292		550
293	=over 4	551	=over 4
294		552
295	=item $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback	553	=item $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
296		554
297	=item $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback	555	=item $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
		556
		557	=item $w = $loop->io ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
		558
		559	=item $w = $loop->io_ns ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
298		560
299	As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the C<$callback>	561	As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the C<$callback>
300	when at least one of events specified in C<$eventmask> occurs.	562	when at least one of events specified in C<$eventmask> occurs.
301		563
302	The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together:	564	The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together:
…		…
331	=over 4	593	=over 4
332		594
333	=item $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback	595	=item $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback
334		596
335	=item $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback	597	=item $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback
		598
		599	=item $w = $loop->timer ($after, $repeat, $callback)
		600
		601	=item $w = $loop->timer_ns ($after, $repeat, $callback)
336		602
337	Calls the callback after C<$after> seconds (which may be fractional). If	603	Calls the callback after C<$after> seconds (which may be fractional). If
338	C<$repeat> is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the $repeat	604	C<$repeat> is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the $repeat
339	value as $after) after the callback returns.	605	value as $after) after the callback returns.
340		606
…		…
348	in front of the machine while the timer is running and changes the system	614	in front of the machine while the timer is running and changes the system
349	clock, the timer will nevertheless run (roughly) the same time.	615	clock, the timer will nevertheless run (roughly) the same time.
350		616
351	The C<timer_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.	617	The C<timer_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
352		618
353	=item $w->set ($after, $repeat)	619	=item $w->set ($after, $repeat = 0)
354		620
355	Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at	621	Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at
356	any time.	622	any time.
357		623
358	=item $w->again	624	=item $w->again
		625
		626	=item $w->again ($repeat)
359		627
360	Similar to the C<start> method, but has special semantics for repeating timers:	628	Similar to the C<start> method, but has special semantics for repeating timers:
361		629
362	If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped.	630	If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped.
363		631
…		…
371	This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO	639	This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO
372	operation. You create a timer object with the same value for C<$after> and	640	operation. You create a timer object with the same value for C<$after> and
373	C<$repeat>, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the C<again> method	641	C<$repeat>, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the C<again> method
374	on the timeout.	642	on the timeout.
375		643
		644	If called with a C<$repeat> argument, then it uses this a timer repeat
		645	value.
		646
		647	=item $after = $w->remaining
		648
		649	Calculates and returns the remaining time till the timer will fire.
		650
376	=back	651	=back
377		652
378		653
379	=head3 PERIODIC WATCHERS - to cron or not to cron?	654	=head3 PERIODIC WATCHERS - to cron or not to cron?
380		655
381	=over 4	656	=over 4
382		657
383	=item $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback	658	=item $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
384		659
385	=item $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback	660	=item $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
		661
		662	=item $w = $loop->periodic ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
		663
		664	=item $w = $loop->periodic_ns ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
386		665
387	Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on	666	Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on
388	absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger "at" the	667	absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger "at" the
389	specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting absolute timers and	668	specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting absolute timers and
390	more complex, cron-like, setups that are not adversely affected by time	669	more complex, cron-like, setups that are not adversely affected by time
…		…
400	This time simply fires at the wallclock time C<$at> and doesn't repeat. It	679	This time simply fires at the wallclock time C<$at> and doesn't repeat. It
401	will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if it is to be run	680	will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if it is to be run
402	at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the system time reaches or	681	at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the system time reaches or
403	surpasses this time.	682	surpasses this time.
404		683
405	=item * non-repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0)	684	=item * repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0)
406		685
407	In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the	686	In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at the
408	next C<$at + N * $interval> time (for some integer N) and then repeat,	687	next C<$at + N * $interval> time (for some integer N) and then repeat,
409	regardless of any time jumps.	688	regardless of any time jumps.
410		689
…		…
412	time:	691	time:
413		692
414	my $hourly = EV::periodic 0, 3600, 0, sub { print "once/hour\n" };	693	my $hourly = EV::periodic 0, 3600, 0, sub { print "once/hour\n" };
415		694
416	That doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between triggers,	695	That doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between triggers,
417	but only that the the clalback will be called when the system time shows a	696	but only that the the callback will be called when the system time shows a
418	full hour (UTC).	697	full hour (UTC).
419		698
420	Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that	699	Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is that
421	EV::periodic will try to run the callback in this mode at the next	700	EV::periodic will try to run the callback in this mode at the next
422	possible time where C<$time = $at (mod $interval)>, regardless of any time	701	possible time where C<$time = $at (mod $interval)>, regardless of any time
…		…
428	time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule callback	707	time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule callback
429	($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as first, and the current	708	($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as first, and the current
430	time as second argument.	709	time as second argument.
431		710
432	I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other periodic	711	I<This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other periodic
433	watcher, ever>. If you need to stop it, return 1e30 and stop it	712	watcher, ever, and MUST NOT call any event loop functions or methods>. If
434	afterwards.	713	you need to stop it, return 1e30 and stop it afterwards. You may create
		714	and start a C<EV::prepare> watcher for this task.
435		715
436	It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value	716	It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed time value
437	(that is, the lowest time value larger than to the second argument). It	717	(that is, the lowest time value larger than or equal to to the second
438	will usually be called just before the callback will be triggered, but	718	argument). It will usually be called just before the callback will be
439	might be called at other times, too.	719	triggered, but might be called at other times, too.
440		720
441	This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that	721	This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that
442	triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours after the last	722	triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours after the last
443	midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know a way to do it correctly	723	midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know a way to do it correctly
444	in about the same space (without requiring elaborate modules), drop me a	724	in about the same space (without requiring elaborate modules), drop me a
…		…
465		745
466	=item $w->again	746	=item $w->again
467		747
468	Simply stops and starts the watcher again.	748	Simply stops and starts the watcher again.
469		749
		750	=item $time = $w->at
		751
		752	Return the time that the watcher is expected to trigger next.
		753
470	=back	754	=back
471		755
472		756
473	=head3 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled!	757	=head3 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled!
474		758
475	=over 4	759	=over 4
476		760
477	=item $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback	761	=item $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback
478		762
479	=item $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback	763	=item $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback
		764
		765	=item $w = $loop->signal ($signal, $callback)
		766
		767	=item $w = $loop->signal_ns ($signal, $callback)
480		768
481	Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be specified by	769	Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be specified by
482	number or by name, just as with C<kill> or C<%SIG>).	770	number or by name, just as with C<kill> or C<%SIG>).
		771
		772	Only one event loop can grab a given signal - attempting to grab the same
		773	signal from two EV loops will crash the program immediately or cause data
		774	corruption.
483		775
484	EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one	776	EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one
485	component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal watcher,	777	component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal watcher,
486	and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same when you	778	and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same when you
487	add/remove callbacks to C<%SIG>, so watch out.	779	add/remove callbacks to C<%SIG>, so watch out.
…		…
507		799
508	=head3 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes	800	=head3 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes
509		801
510	=over 4	802	=over 4
511		803
512	=item $w = EV::child $pid, $callback	804	=item $w = EV::child $pid, $trace, $callback
513		805
514	=item $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $callback	806	=item $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $trace, $callback
515		807
		808	=item $w = $loop->child ($pid, $trace, $callback)
		809
		810	=item $w = $loop->child_ns ($pid, $trace, $callback)
		811
516	Call the callback when a status change for pid C<$pid> (or any pid if	812	Call the callback when a status change for pid C<$pid> (or any pid
517	C<$pid> is 0) has been received. More precisely: when the process receives	813	if C<$pid> is 0) has been received (a status change happens when the
		814	process terminates or is killed, or, when trace is true, additionally when
		815	it is stopped or continued). More precisely: when the process receives
518	a C<SIGCHLD>, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status for all	816	a C<SIGCHLD>, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status for all
519	changed/zombie children and call the callback.	817	changed/zombie children and call the callback.
520		818
521	It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a child	819	It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a child
522	has exited but before the event loop has started its next iteration (for	820	has exited but before the event loop has started its next iteration (for
…		…
529	You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want, they will all be	827	You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want, they will all be
530	called.	828	called.
531		829
532	The C<child_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.	830	The C<child_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
533		831
534	=item $w->set ($pid)	832	=item $w->set ($pid, $trace)
535		833
536	Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at	834	Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can be called at
537	any time.	835	any time.
538		836
539	=item $current_pid = $w->pid	837	=item $current_pid = $w->pid
540		838
541	=item $old_pid = $w->pid ($new_pid)
542
543	Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one.	839	Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one.
544		840
545	=item $exit_status = $w->rstatus	841	=item $exit_status = $w->rstatus
546		842
547	Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid entry	843	Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid entry
…		…
560	=over 4	856	=over 4
561		857
562	=item $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback	858	=item $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback
563		859
564	=item $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback	860	=item $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback
		861
		862	=item $w = $loop->stat ($path, $interval, $callback)
		863
		864	=item $w = $loop->stat_ns ($path, $interval, $callback)
565		865
566	Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on	866	Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on
567	C<$path>. The C<$path> does not need to exist, changing from "path exists"	867	C<$path>. The C<$path> does not need to exist, changing from "path exists"
568	to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other.	868	to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other.
569		869
…		…
640		940
641	=item $w = EV::idle $callback	941	=item $w = EV::idle $callback
642		942
643	=item $w = EV::idle_ns $callback	943	=item $w = EV::idle_ns $callback
644		944
645	Call the callback when there are no pending io, timer/periodic, signal or	945	=item $w = $loop->idle ($callback)
646	child events, i.e. when the process is idle.	946
		947	=item $w = $loop->idle_ns ($callback)
		948
		949	Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the same or
		950	higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle watchers of the
		951	same or lower priority, of course). They are called idle watchers because
		952	when the watcher is the highest priority pending event in the process, the
		953	process is considered to be idle at that priority.
		954
		955	If you want a watcher that is only ever called when I<no> other events are
		956	outstanding you have to set the priority to C<EV::MINPRI>.
647		957
648	The process will not block as long as any idle watchers are active, and	958	The process will not block as long as any idle watchers are active, and
649	they will be called repeatedly until stopped.	959	they will be called repeatedly until stopped.
650		960
		961	For example, if you have idle watchers at priority C<0> and C<1>, and
		962	an I/O watcher at priority C<0>, then the idle watcher at priority C<1>
		963	and the I/O watcher will always run when ready. Only when the idle watcher
		964	at priority C<1> is stopped and the I/O watcher at priority C<0> is not
		965	pending with the C<0>-priority idle watcher be invoked.
		966
651	The C<idle_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.	967	The C<idle_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
652		968
653	=back	969	=back
654		970
655		971
…		…
658	=over 4	974	=over 4
659		975
660	=item $w = EV::prepare $callback	976	=item $w = EV::prepare $callback
661		977
662	=item $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback	978	=item $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback
		979
		980	=item $w = $loop->prepare ($callback)
		981
		982	=item $w = $loop->prepare_ns ($callback)
663		983
664	Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still	984	Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still
665	create/modify any watchers at this point.	985	create/modify any watchers at this point.
666		986
667	See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example.	987	See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example.
…		…
677		997
678	=item $w = EV::check $callback	998	=item $w = EV::check $callback
679		999
680	=item $w = EV::check_ns $callback	1000	=item $w = EV::check_ns $callback
681		1001
		1002	=item $w = $loop->check ($callback)
		1003
		1004	=item $w = $loop->check_ns ($callback)
		1005
682	Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it has	1006	Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it has
683	gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been invoked.	1007	gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been invoked.
684		1008
685	This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV	1009	This can be used to integrate other event-based software into the EV
686	mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create io and	1010	mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create io and
687	timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a real-world	1011	timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a real-world
688	example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left out):	1012	example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left out):
689		1013
690	our @snmp_watcher;	1014	our @snmp_watcher;
…		…
695	or return;	1019	or return;
696		1020
697	# make the dispatcher handle any outstanding stuff	1021	# make the dispatcher handle any outstanding stuff
698	... not shown	1022	... not shown
699		1023
700	# create an IO watcher for each and every socket	1024	# create an I/O watcher for each and every socket
701	@snmp_watcher = (	1025	@snmp_watcher = (
702	(map { EV::io $_, EV::READ, sub { } }	1026	(map { EV::io $_, EV::READ, sub { } }
703	keys %{ $dispatcher->{_descriptors} }),	1027	keys %{ $dispatcher->{_descriptors} }),
704		1028
705	EV::timer +($event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_ACTIVE]	1029	EV::timer +($event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_ACTIVE]
…		…
720	# make the dispatcher handle any new stuff	1044	# make the dispatcher handle any new stuff
721	... not shown	1045	... not shown
722	};	1046	};
723		1047
724	The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers	1048	The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers
725	are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check gets called	1049	are destroyed before this can happen (remember EV::check gets called
726	first).	1050	first).
727		1051
728	The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.	1052	The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
		1053
		1054	=item EV::CHECK constant issues
		1055
		1056	Like all other watcher types, there is a bitmask constant for use in
		1057	C<$revents> and other places. The C<EV::CHECK> is special as it has
		1058	the same name as the C<CHECK> sub called by Perl. This doesn't cause
		1059	big issues on newer perls (beginning with 5.8.9), but it means thatthe
		1060	constant must be I<inlined>, i.e. runtime calls will not work. That means
		1061	that as long as you always C<use EV> and then C<EV::CHECK> you are on the
		1062	safe side.
729		1063
730	=back	1064	=back
731		1065
732		1066
733	=head3 FORK WATCHERS - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork	1067	=head3 FORK WATCHERS - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork
…		…
740		1074
741	=item $w = EV::fork $callback	1075	=item $w = EV::fork $callback
742		1076
743	=item $w = EV::fork_ns $callback	1077	=item $w = EV::fork_ns $callback
744		1078
		1079	=item $w = $loop->fork ($callback)
		1080
		1081	=item $w = $loop->fork_ns ($callback)
		1082
745	Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child process	1083	Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child process
746	after a fork.	1084	after a fork.
747		1085
748	The C<fork_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.	1086	The C<fork_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
749		1087
750	=back	1088	=back
751		1089
752		1090
		1091	=head3 EMBED WATCHERS - when one backend isn't enough...
		1092
		1093	This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event loop
		1094	into another (currently only IO events are supported in the embedded
		1095	loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect
		1096	fashion and must not be used).
		1097
		1098	See the libev documentation at
		1099	L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_>
		1100	(locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for more details.
		1101
		1102	In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working
		1103	kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets:
		1104
		1105	my $socket_loop;
		1106
		1107	# check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported
		1108	if (
		1109	(EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL \| EV::BACKEND_SELECT))
		1110	&& (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE)
		1111	) {
		1112	# use kqueue for sockets
		1113	$socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE \| EV::FLAG_NOENV;
		1114	}
		1115
		1116	# use the default loop otherwise
		1117	$socket_loop \|\|= EV::default_loop;
		1118
		1119	=over 4
		1120
		1121	=item $w = EV::embed $otherloop[, $callback]
		1122
		1123	=item $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop[, $callback]
		1124
		1125	=item $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop[, $callback])
		1126
		1127	=item $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop[, $callback])
		1128
		1129	Call the callback when the embedded event loop (C<$otherloop>) has any
		1130	I/O activity. The C<$callback> is optional: if it is missing, then the
		1131	embedded event loop will be managed automatically (which is recommended),
		1132	otherwise you have to invoke C<sweep> yourself.
		1133
		1134	The C<embed_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher.
		1135
		1136	=back
		1137
		1138	=head3 ASYNC WATCHERS - how to wake up another event loop
		1139
		1140	Async watchers are provided by EV, but have little use in perl directly,
		1141	as perl neither supports threads running in parallel nor direct access to
		1142	signal handlers or other contexts where they could be of value.
		1143
		1144	It is, however, possible to use them from the XS level.
		1145
		1146	Please see the libev documentation for further details.
		1147
		1148	=over 4
		1149
		1150	=item $w = EV::async $callback
		1151
		1152	=item $w = EV::async_ns $callback
		1153
		1154	=item $w = $loop->async ($callback)
		1155
		1156	=item $w = $loop->async_ns ($callback)
		1157
		1158	=item $w->send
		1159
		1160	=item $bool = $w->async_pending
		1161
		1162	=back
		1163
		1164	=head3 CLEANUP WATCHERS - how to clean up when the event loop goes away
		1165
		1166	Cleanup watchers are not supported on the Perl level, they can only be
		1167	used via XS currently.
		1168
		1169
		1170	=head1 PERL SIGNALS
		1171
		1172	While Perl signal handling (C<%SIG>) is not affected by EV, the behaviour
		1173	with EV is as the same as any other C library: Perl-signals will only be
		1174	handled when Perl runs, which means your signal handler might be invoked
		1175	only the next time an event callback is invoked.
		1176
		1177	The solution is to use EV signal watchers (see C<EV::signal>), which will
		1178	ensure proper operations with regards to other event watchers.
		1179
		1180	If you cannot do this for whatever reason, you can also force a watcher
		1181	to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a C<EV::check>
		1182	watcher:
		1183
		1184	my $async_check = EV::check sub { };
		1185
		1186	This ensures that perl gets into control for a short time to handle any
		1187	pending signals, and also ensures (slightly) slower overall operation.
		1188
753	=head1 THREADS	1189	=head1 ITHREADS
754		1190
755	Threads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads	1191	Ithreads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads
756	is evil stuff and must die. As soon as Perl gains real threads I will work	1192	is evil stuff and must die. Real threads as provided by Coro are fully
757	on thread support for it.	1193	supported (and enhanced support is available via L<Coro::EV>).
758		1194
759	=head1 FORK	1195	=head1 FORK
760		1196
761	Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating	1197	Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating
762	systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is	1198	systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is
…		…
778	our $DIED = sub {	1214	our $DIED = sub {
779	warn "EV: error in callback (ignoring): $@";	1215	warn "EV: error in callback (ignoring): $@";
780	};	1216	};
781		1217
782	default_loop	1218	default_loop
783	or die 'EV: cannot initialise libev backend. bad $ENV{LIBEV_METHODS}?';	1219	or die 'EV: cannot initialise libev backend. bad $ENV{LIBEV_FLAGS}?';
784		1220
785	1;	1221	1;
786		1222
787	=head1 SEE ALSO	1223	=head1 SEE ALSO
788		1224
789	L<EV::DNS>.	1225	L<EV::MakeMaker> - MakeMaker interface to XS API, L<EV::ADNS>
		1226	(asynchronous DNS), L<Glib::EV> (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as event
		1227	loop), L<EV::Glib> (embed Glib into EV), L<Coro::EV> (efficient thread
		1228	integration), L<Net::SNMP::EV> (asynchronous SNMP), L<AnyEvent> for
		1229	event-loop agnostic and portable event driven programming.
790		1230
791	=head1 AUTHOR	1231	=head1 AUTHOR
792		1232
793	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1233	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
794	http://home.schmorp.de/	1234	http://home.schmorp.de/
795		1235
796	=cut	1236	=cut
797		1237

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Comparing EV/EV.pm (file contents): Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 19:22:16 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.149 by root, Wed Apr 20 13:43:39 2016 UTC

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Comparing EV/EV.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.58 by root, Wed Nov 28 19:22:16 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.149 by root, Wed Apr 20 13:43:39 2016 UTC