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Revision 1.18 by root, Tue Dec 11 21:18:25 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.49 by root, Thu Oct 19 17:22:50 2023 UTC

1NAME 1NAME
2 EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event 2 EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event
3 loop 3 loop
4 4
5SYNOPSIS 5SYNOPSIS
6 use EV; 6 use EV;
7
8 # TIMERS
9
10 my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
11 warn "is called after 2s";
12 };
13
14 my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
15 warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
16 };
17
18 undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
19
20 my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
21 warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
22 };
23
24 # IO
25
26 my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
27 my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
28 warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
29 };
30
31 # SIGNALS
32
33 my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
34 warn "sigquit received\n";
35 };
36
37 # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
7 38
8 # TIMERS 39 my $w = EV::child 666, 0, sub {
40 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
41 my $status = $w->rstatus;
42 };
9 43
10 my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub {
11 warn "is called after 2s";
12 };
13
14 my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub {
15 warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)";
16 };
17
18 undef $w; # destroy event watcher again
19
20 my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub {
21 warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly";
22 };
23
24 # IO
25
26 my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
27 my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask
28 warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>;
29 };
30
31 # SIGNALS
32
33 my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub {
34 warn "sigquit received\n";
35 };
36
37 # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES
38
39 my $w = EV::child 666, sub {
40 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
41 my $status = $w->rstatus;
42 };
43
44 # STAT CHANGES 44 # STAT CHANGES
45 my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub { 45 my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub {
46 my ($w, $revents) = @_; 46 my ($w, $revents) = @_;
47 warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n"; 47 warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n";
48 }; 48 };
49 49
50 # MAINLOOP 50 # MAINLOOP
51 EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop 51 EV::run; # loop until EV::break is called or all watchers stop
52 EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled 52 EV::run EV::RUN_ONCE; # block until at least one event could be handled
53 EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block 53 EV::run EV::RUN_NOWAIT; # try to handle same events, but do not block
54
55BEFORE YOU START USING THIS MODULE
56 If you only need timer, I/O, signal, child and idle watchers and not the
57 advanced functionality of this module, consider using AnyEvent instead,
58 specifically the simplified API described in AE.
59
60 When used with EV as backend, the AE API is as fast as the native EV
61 API, but your programs/modules will still run with many other event
62 loops.
54 63
55DESCRIPTION 64DESCRIPTION
56 This module provides an interface to libev 65 This module provides an interface to libev
57 (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation 66 (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation
58 below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of 67 below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of
59 libev itself (<http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.html>) for more subtle 68 libev itself (<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod> or
60 details on watcher semantics or some discussion on the available 69 perldoc EV::libev) for more subtle details on watcher semantics or some
61 backends, or how to force a specific backend with "LIBEV_FLAGS", or just 70 discussion on the available backends, or how to force a specific backend
62 about in any case because it has much more detailed information. 71 with "LIBEV_FLAGS", or just about in any case because it has much more
72 detailed information.
73
74 This module is very fast and scalable. It is actually so fast that you
75 can use it through the AnyEvent module, stay portable to other event
76 loops (if you don't rely on any watcher types not available through it)
77 and still be faster than with any other event loop currently supported
78 in Perl.
79
80 PORTING FROM EV 3.X to 4.X
81 EV version 4 introduces a number of incompatible changes summarised
82 here. According to the depreciation strategy used by libev, there is a
83 compatibility layer in place so programs should continue to run
84 unchanged (the XS interface lacks this layer, so programs using that one
85 need to be updated).
86
87 This compatibility layer will be switched off in some future release.
88
89 All changes relevant to Perl are renames of symbols, functions and
90 methods:
91
92 EV::loop => EV::run
93 EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK => EV::RUN_NOWAIT
94 EV::LOOP_ONESHOT => EV::RUN_ONCE
95
96 EV::unloop => EV::break
97 EV::UNLOOP_CANCEL => EV::BREAK_CANCEL
98 EV::UNLOOP_ONE => EV::BREAK_ONE
99 EV::UNLOOP_ALL => EV::BREAK_ALL
100
101 EV::TIMEOUT => EV::TIMER
102
103 EV::loop_count => EV::iteration
104 EV::loop_depth => EV::depth
105 EV::loop_verify => EV::verify
106
107 The loop object methods corresponding to the functions above have been
108 similarly renamed.
109
110 MODULE EXPORTS
111 This module does not export any symbols.
112
113EVENT LOOPS
114 EV supports multiple event loops: There is a single "default event loop"
115 that can handle everything including signals and child watchers, and any
116 number of "dynamic event loops" that can use different backends (with
117 various limitations), but no child and signal watchers.
118
119 You do not have to do anything to create the default event loop: When
120 the module is loaded a suitable backend is selected on the premise of
121 selecting a working backend (which for example rules out kqueue on most
122 BSDs). Modules should, unless they have "special needs" always use the
123 default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other
124 modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop.
125
126 For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically.
127
128 If you want to take advantage of kqueue (which often works properly for
129 sockets only) even though the default loop doesn't enable it, you can
130 *embed* a kqueue loop into the default loop: running the default loop
131 will then also service the kqueue loop to some extent. See the example
132 in the section about embed watchers for an example on how to achieve
133 that.
134
135 $loop = new EV::Loop [$flags]
136 Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to
137 the "ev_loop_new ()" function description in the libev documentation
138 (<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTI
139 ONS>, or locally-installed as EV::libev manpage) for more info.
140
141 The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer
142 referenced by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope.
143
144 If you are not embedding the loop, then Using "EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK"
145 is recommended, as only the default event loop is protected by this
146 module. If you *are* embedding this loop in the default loop, this
147 is not necessary, as "EV::embed" automatically does the right thing
148 on fork.
149
150 $loop->loop_fork
151 Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or
152 continuing the event loop. An alternative is to use
153 "EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK" which calls this function automatically, at
154 some performance loss (refer to the libev documentation).
155
156 $loop->verify
157 Calls "ev_verify" to make internal consistency checks (for debugging
158 libev) and abort the program if any data structures were found to be
159 corrupted.
160
161 $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags]
162 Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). Since this
163 module already creates the default loop with default flags,
164 specifying flags here will not have any effect unless you destroy
165 the default loop first, which isn't supported. So in short: don't do
166 it, and if you break it, you get to keep the pieces.
63 167
64BASIC INTERFACE 168BASIC INTERFACE
65 $EV::DIED 169 $EV::DIED
66 Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a 170 Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a
67 callback throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The 171 callback throws an exception (with $@ containing the error). The
68 default prints an informative message and continues. 172 default prints an informative message and continues.
69 173
70 If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored. 174 If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored.
71 175
176 $flags = EV::supported_backends
177 $flags = EV::recommended_backends
178 $flags = EV::embeddable_backends
179 Returns the set (see "EV::BACKEND_*" flags) of backends supported by
180 this instance of EV, the set of recommended backends (supposed to be
181 good) for this platform and the set of embeddable backends (see
182 EMBED WATCHERS).
183
184 EV::sleep $seconds
185 Block the process for the given number of (fractional) seconds.
186
72 $time = EV::time 187 $time = EV::time
73 Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch. 188 Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch.
74 189
75 $time = EV::now 190 $time = EV::now
191 $time = $loop->now
76 Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. 192 Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started.
77 This is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering 193 This is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and referring
78 to it is usually faster then calling EV::time. 194 to it is usually faster then calling EV::time.
79 195
80 $method = EV::method 196 EV::now_update
197 $loop->now_update
198 Establishes the current time by querying the kernel, updating the
199 time returned by "EV::now" in the progress. This is a costly
200 operation and is usually done automatically within "EV::run".
201
202 This function is rarely useful, but when some event callback runs
203 for a very long time without entering the event loop, updating
204 libev's idea of the current time is a good idea.
205
206 EV::suspend
207 $loop->suspend
208 EV::resume
209 $loop->resume
210 These two functions suspend and resume a loop, for use when the loop
211 is not used for a while and timeouts should not be processed.
212
213 A typical use case would be an interactive program such as a game:
214 When the user presses "^Z" to suspend the game and resumes it an
215 hour later it would be best to handle timeouts as if no time had
216 actually passed while the program was suspended. This can be
217 achieved by calling "suspend" in your "SIGTSTP" handler, sending
218 yourself a "SIGSTOP" and calling "resume" directly afterwards to
219 resume timer processing.
220
221 Effectively, all "timer" watchers will be delayed by the time spend
222 between "suspend" and "resume", and all "periodic" watchers will be
223 rescheduled (that is, they will lose any events that would have
224 occured while suspended).
225
226 After calling "suspend" you must not call *any* function on the
227 given loop other than "resume", and you must not call "resume"
228 without a previous call to "suspend".
229
230 Calling "suspend"/"resume" has the side effect of updating the event
231 loop time (see "now_update").
232
233 $backend = EV::backend
234 $backend = $loop->backend
81 Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev 235 Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev
82 (EV::METHOD_SELECT or EV::METHOD_EPOLL). 236 (EV::BACKEND_SELECT or EV::BACKEND_EPOLL).
83 237
84 EV::loop [$flags] 238 $active = EV::run [$flags]
239 $active = $loop->run ([$flags])
85 Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a 240 Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a
86 callback calls EV::unloop. 241 callback calls EV::break or the flags are nonzero (in which case the
242 return value is true) or when there are no active watchers which
243 reference the loop (keepalive is true), in which case the return
244 value will be false. The return value can generally be interpreted
245 as "if true, there is more work left to do".
87 246
88 The $flags argument can be one of the following: 247 The $flags argument can be one of the following:
89 248
90 0 as above 249 0 as above
91 EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop) 250 EV::RUN_ONCE block at most once (wait, but do not loop)
92 EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait) 251 EV::RUN_NOWAIT do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait)
93 252
94 EV::unloop [$how] 253 EV::break [$how]
254 $loop->break ([$how])
95 When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ONE, 255 When called with no arguments or an argument of EV::BREAK_ONE, makes
96 makes the innermost call to EV::loop return. 256 the innermost call to EV::run return.
97 257
98 When called with an argument of EV::UNLOOP_ALL, all calls to 258 When called with an argument of EV::BREAK_ALL, all calls to EV::run
99 EV::loop will return as fast as possible. 259 will return as fast as possible.
100 260
101 $count = EV::loop_count 261 When called with an argument of EV::BREAK_CANCEL, any pending break
262 will be cancelled.
263
264 $count = EV::iteration
265 $count = $loop->iteration
102 Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new events. 266 Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new events.
103 Sometiems useful as a generation counter. 267 Sometimes useful as a generation counter.
104 268
105 EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents) 269 EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)
270 $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents))
106 This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single 271 This function rolls together an I/O and a timer watcher for a single
107 one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object. 272 one-shot event without the need for managing a watcher object.
108 273
109 If $fh_or_undef is a filehandle or file descriptor, then $events 274 If $fh_or_undef is a filehandle or file descriptor, then $events
110 must be a bitset containing either "EV::READ", "EV::WRITE" or 275 must be a bitset containing either "EV::READ", "EV::WRITE" or
111 "EV::READ | EV::WRITE", indicating the type of I/O event you want to 276 "EV::READ | EV::WRITE", indicating the type of I/O event you want to
112 wait for. If you do not want to wait for some I/O event, specify 277 wait for. If you do not want to wait for some I/O event, specify
113 "undef" for $fh_or_undef and 0 for $events). 278 "undef" for $fh_or_undef and 0 for $events).
114 279
115 If timeout is "undef" or negative, then there will be no timeout. 280 If timeout is "undef" or negative, then there will be no timeout.
116 Otherwise a EV::timer with this value will be started. 281 Otherwise an "EV::timer" with this value will be started.
117 282
118 When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers, 283 When an error occurs or either the timeout or I/O watcher triggers,
119 then the callback will be called with the received event set (in 284 then the callback will be called with the received event set (in
120 general you can expect it to be a combination of "EV:ERROR", 285 general you can expect it to be a combination of "EV::ERROR",
121 "EV::READ", "EV::WRITE" and "EV::TIMEOUT"). 286 "EV::READ", "EV::WRITE" and "EV::TIMER").
122 287
123 EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till 288 EV::once doesn't return anything: the watchers stay active till
124 either of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and 289 either of them triggers, then they will be stopped and freed, and
125 the callback invoked. 290 the callback invoked.
126 291
127 EV::feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents) 292 EV::feed_fd_event $fd, $revents
293 $loop->feed_fd_event ($fd, $revents)
128 Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this 294 Feed an event on a file descriptor into EV. EV will react to this
129 call as if the readyness notifications specified by $revents (a 295 call as if the readyness notifications specified by $revents (a
130 combination of "EV::READ" and "EV::WRITE") happened on the file 296 combination of "EV::READ" and "EV::WRITE") happened on the file
131 descriptor $fd. 297 descriptor $fd.
132 298
133 EV::feed_signal_event ($signal) 299 EV::feed_signal_event $signal
134 Feed a signal event into EV. EV will react to this call as if the 300 Feed a signal event into the default loop. EV will react to this
135 signal specified by $signal had occured. 301 call as if the signal specified by $signal had occured.
136 302
303 EV::feed_signal $signal
304 Feed a signal event into EV - unlike "EV::feed_signal_event", this
305 works regardless of which loop has registered the signal, and is
306 mainly useful for custom signal implementations.
307
308 EV::set_io_collect_interval $time
309 $loop->set_io_collect_interval ($time)
310 EV::set_timeout_collect_interval $time
311 $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time)
312 These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling
313 for I/O events and the minimum wait interval for timer events. See
314 the libev documentation at
315 <http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONT
316 ROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP> (locally installed as EV::libev) for a more
317 detailed discussion.
318
319 $count = EV::pending_count
320 $count = $loop->pending_count
321 Returns the number of currently pending watchers.
322
323 EV::invoke_pending
324 $loop->invoke_pending
325 Invoke all currently pending watchers.
326
137 WATCHER OBJECTS 327WATCHER OBJECTS
138 A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some 328 A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some
139 event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, 329 event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable,
140 you would create an EV::io watcher for that: 330 you would create an EV::io watcher for that:
141 331
142 my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { 332 my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub {
143 my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; 333 my ($watcher, $revents) = @_;
144 warn "yeah, STDIN should not be readable without blocking!\n" 334 warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n"
145 }; 335 };
146 336
147 All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). 337 All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused).
148 Only active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks 338 Only active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks
149 will be called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of 339 will be called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of
150 received events. 340 received events.
151 341
152 Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the 342 Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the
153 same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the 343 same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the
154 type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, 344 type, i.e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE,
155 EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O 345 EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O
156 events (which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer 346 events (which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits).
157 (which uses EV::TIMEOUT).
158 347
159 In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at 348 In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at
160 the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing "_ns" in 349 the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing "_ns" in
161 its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on. 350 its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on.
162 351
… …
220 $w->feed_event ($revents) 409 $w->feed_event ($revents)
221 Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call 410 Feed some events on this watcher into EV. EV will react to this call
222 as if the watcher had received the given $revents mask. 411 as if the watcher had received the given $revents mask.
223 412
224 $revents = $w->clear_pending 413 $revents = $w->clear_pending
225 If the watcher is pending, this function returns clears its pending 414 If the watcher is pending, this function clears its pending status
226 status and returns its $revents bitset (as if its callback was 415 and returns its $revents bitset (as if its callback was invoked). If
227 invoked). If the watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns 416 the watcher isn't pending it does nothing and returns 0.
228 0.
229 417
230 $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool) 418 $previous_state = $w->keepalive ($bool)
231 Normally, "EV::loop" will return when there are no active watchers 419 Normally, "EV::run" will return when there are no active watchers
232 (which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore). 420 (which is a "deadlock" because no progress can be made anymore).
233 This is convinient because it allows you to start your watchers (and 421 This is convenient because it allows you to start your watchers (and
234 your jobs), call "EV::loop" once and when it returns you know that 422 your jobs), call "EV::run" once and when it returns you know that
235 all your jobs are finished (or they forgot to register some watchers 423 all your jobs are finished (or they forgot to register some watchers
236 for their task :). 424 for their task :).
237 425
238 Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when you the 426 Sometimes, however, this gets in your way, for example when the
239 module that calls "EV::loop" (usually the main program) is not the 427 module that calls "EV::run" (usually the main program) is not the
240 same module as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client 428 same module as a long-living watcher (for example a DNS client
241 module written by somebody else even). Then you might want any 429 module written by somebody else even). Then you might want any
242 outstanding requests to be handled, but you would not want to keep 430 outstanding requests to be handled, but you would not want to keep
243 "EV::loop" from returning just because you happen to have this 431 "EV::run" from returning just because you happen to have this
244 long-running UDP port watcher. 432 long-running UDP port watcher.
245 433
246 In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that 434 In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that
247 even though your watcher is active, it won't keep "EV::loop" from 435 even though your watcher is active, it won't keep "EV::run" from
248 returning. 436 returning.
249 437
250 The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you cna 438 The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you can
251 change it any time. 439 change it any time.
252 440
253 Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep 441 Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep
254 the event loop from running just because of that watcher. 442 the event loop from running just because of that watcher.
255 443
256 my $udp_socket = ... 444 my $udp_socket = ...
257 my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... }; 445 my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... };
258 $udp_watcher->keepalive (0); 446 $udp_watcher->keepalive (0);
259 447
448 $loop = $w->loop
449 Return the loop that this watcher is attached to.
450
260 WATCHER TYPES 451WATCHER TYPES
261 Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type. 452 Each of the following subsections describes a single watcher type.
262 453
263 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable? 454 I/O WATCHERS - is this file descriptor readable or writable?
264 $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback 455 $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
265 $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback 456 $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback
457 $w = $loop->io ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
458 $w = $loop->io_ns ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback)
266 As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the $callback 459 As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the $callback
267 when at least one of events specified in $eventmask occurs. 460 when at least one of events specified in $eventmask occurs.
268 461
269 The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together: 462 The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together:
270 463
… …
287 Returns the previously set event mask and optionally set a new one. 480 Returns the previously set event mask and optionally set a new one.
288 481
289 TIMER WATCHERS - relative and optionally repeating timeouts 482 TIMER WATCHERS - relative and optionally repeating timeouts
290 $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback 483 $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback
291 $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback 484 $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback
485 $w = $loop->timer ($after, $repeat, $callback)
486 $w = $loop->timer_ns ($after, $repeat, $callback)
292 Calls the callback after $after seconds (which may be fractional). 487 Calls the callback after $after seconds (which may be fractional or
293 If $repeat is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with the 488 negative). If $repeat is non-zero, the timer will be restarted (with
294 $repeat value as $after) after the callback returns. 489 the $repeat value as $after) after the callback returns.
295 490
296 This means that the callback would be called roughly after $after 491 This means that the callback would be called roughly after $after
297 seconds, and then every $repeat seconds. The timer does his best not 492 seconds, and then every $repeat seconds. The timer does his best not
298 to drift, but it will not invoke the timer more often then once per 493 to drift, but it will not invoke the timer more often then once per
299 event loop iteration, and might drift in other cases. If that isn't 494 event loop iteration, and might drift in other cases. If that isn't
… …
306 the same time. 501 the same time.
307 502
308 The "timer_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created 503 The "timer_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
309 watcher. 504 watcher.
310 505
311 $w->set ($after, $repeat) 506 $w->set ($after, $repeat = 0)
312 Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can 507 Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can
313 be called at any time. 508 be called at any time.
314 509
315 $w->again 510 $w->again
511 $w->again ($repeat)
316 Similar to the "start" method, but has special semantics for 512 Similar to the "start" method, but has special semantics for
317 repeating timers: 513 repeating timers:
318 514
319 If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped. 515 If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped.
320 516
… …
329 This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO 525 This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO
330 operation. You create a timer object with the same value for $after 526 operation. You create a timer object with the same value for $after
331 and $repeat, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the "again" 527 and $repeat, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the "again"
332 method on the timeout. 528 method on the timeout.
333 529
530 If called with a $repeat argument, then it uses this a timer repeat
531 value.
532
533 $after = $w->remaining
534 Calculates and returns the remaining time till the timer will fire.
535
536 $repeat = $w->repeat
537 $old_repeat = $w->repeat ($new_repeat)
538 Returns the current value of the repeat attribute and optionally
539 sets a new one. Setting the new one will not restart the watcher -
540 if the watcher is active, the new repeat value is used whenever it
541 expires next.
542
334 PERIODIC WATCHERS - to cron or not to cron? 543 PERIODIC WATCHERS - to cron or not to cron?
335 $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback 544 $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
336 $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback 545 $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback
546 $w = $loop->periodic ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
547 $w = $loop->periodic_ns ($at, $interval, $reschedule_cb, $callback)
337 Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on 548 Similar to EV::timer, but is not based on relative timeouts but on
338 absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger 549 absolute times. Apart from creating "simple" timers that trigger
339 "at" the specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting 550 "at" the specified time, it can also be used for non-drifting
340 absolute timers and more complex, cron-like, setups that are not 551 absolute timers and more complex, cron-like, setups that are not
341 adversely affected by time jumps (i.e. when the system clock is 552 adversely affected by time jumps (i.e. when the system clock is
342 changed by explicit date -s or other means such as ntpd). It is also 553 changed by explicit date -s or other means such as ntpd). It is also
343 the most complex watcher type in EV. 554 the most complex watcher type in EV.
344 555
345 It has three distinct "modes": 556 It has three distinct "modes":
346 557
347 * absolute timer ($interval = $reschedule_cb = 0) 558 * absolute timer ($interval = $reschedule_cb = 0)
559
348 This time simply fires at the wallclock time $at and doesn't 560 This time simply fires at the wallclock time $at and doesn't
349 repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if 561 repeat. It will not adjust when a time jump occurs, that is, if
350 it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the 562 it is to be run at January 1st 2011 then it will run when the
351 system time reaches or surpasses this time. 563 system time reaches or surpasses this time.
352 564
353 * non-repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0) 565 * repeating interval timer ($interval > 0, $reschedule_cb = 0)
566
354 In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at 567 In this mode the watcher will always be scheduled to time out at
355 the next "$at + N * $interval" time (for some integer N) and 568 the next "$at + N * $interval" time (for the lowest integer N)
356 then repeat, regardless of any time jumps. 569 and then repeat, regardless of any time jumps. Note that, since
570 "N" can be negative, the first trigger can happen before $at.
357 571
358 This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect 572 This can be used to create timers that do not drift with respect
359 to system time: 573 to system time:
360 574
361 my $hourly = EV::periodic 0, 3600, 0, sub { print "once/hour\n" }; 575 my $hourly = EV::periodic 0, 3600, 0, sub { print "once/hour\n" };
362 576
363 That doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between 577 That doesn't mean there will always be 3600 seconds in between
364 triggers, but only that the the clalback will be called when the 578 triggers, but only that the the callback will be called when the
365 system time shows a full hour (UTC). 579 system time shows a full hour (UTC).
366 580
367 Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) 581 Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined)
368 is that EV::periodic will try to run the callback in this mode 582 is that EV::periodic will try to run the callback in this mode
369 at the next possible time where "$time = $at (mod $interval)", 583 at the next possible time where "$time = $at (mod $interval)",
370 regardless of any time jumps. 584 regardless of any time jumps.
371 585
372 * manual reschedule mode ($reschedule_cb = coderef) 586 * manual reschedule mode ($reschedule_cb = coderef)
587
373 In this mode $interval and $at are both being ignored. Instead, 588 In this mode $interval and $at are both being ignored. Instead,
374 each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule 589 each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the reschedule
375 callback ($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as 590 callback ($reschedule_cb) will be called with the watcher as
376 first, and the current time as second argument. 591 first, and the current time as second argument.
377 592
378 *This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other 593 *This callback MUST NOT stop or destroy this or any other
594 periodic watcher, ever, and MUST NOT call any event loop
379 periodic watcher, ever*. If you need to stop it, return 1e30 and 595 functions or methods*. If you need to stop it, return 1e30 and
380 stop it afterwards. 596 stop it afterwards. You may create and start an "EV::prepare"
597 watcher for this task.
381 598
382 It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed 599 It must return the next time to trigger, based on the passed
383 time value (that is, the lowest time value larger than to the 600 time value (that is, the lowest time value larger than or equal
384 second argument). It will usually be called just before the 601 to to the second argument). It will usually be called just
385 callback will be triggered, but might be called at other times, 602 before the callback will be triggered, but might be called at
386 too. 603 other times, too.
387 604
388 This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer 605 This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer
389 that triggers on each midnight, local time (actually 24 hours 606 that triggers on each midnight, local time (actually one day
390 after the last midnight, to keep the example simple. If you know 607 after the last midnight, to keep the example simple):
391 a way to do it correctly in about the same space (without
392 requiring elaborate modules), drop me a note :):
393 608
394 my $daily = EV::periodic 0, 0, sub { 609 my $daily = EV::periodic 0, 0, sub {
395 my ($w, $now) = @_; 610 my ($w, $now) = @_;
396 611
397 use Time::Local (); 612 use Time::Local ();
398 my (undef, undef, undef, $d, $m, $y) = localtime $now; 613 my (undef, undef, undef, $d, $m, $y) = localtime $now;
399 86400 + Time::Local::timelocal 0, 0, 0, $d, $m, $y 614 Time::Local::timelocal_nocheck 0, 0, 0, $d + 1, $m, $y
400 }, sub { 615 }, sub {
401 print "it's midnight or likely shortly after, now\n"; 616 print "it's midnight or likely shortly after, now\n";
402 }; 617 };
403 618
404 The "periodic_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created 619 The "periodic_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
… …
409 be called at any time. 624 be called at any time.
410 625
411 $w->again 626 $w->again
412 Simply stops and starts the watcher again. 627 Simply stops and starts the watcher again.
413 628
629 $time = $w->at
630 Return the time that the watcher is expected to trigger next.
631
632 $offset = $w->offset
633 $old_offset = $w->offset ($new_offset)
634 Returns the current value of the offset attribute and optionally
635 sets a new one. Setting the new one will not restart the watcher -
636 if the watcher is active, the new offset value is used whenever it
637 expires next.
638
639 $interval = $w->interval
640 $old_interval = $w->interval ($new_interval)
641 See above, for the interval attribute.
642
643 $reschedule_cb = $w->reschedule_cb
644 $old_reschedule_cb = $w->reschedule_cb ($new_reschedule_cb)
645 See above, for the reschedule callback.
646
414 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled! 647 SIGNAL WATCHERS - signal me when a signal gets signalled!
415 $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback 648 $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback
416 $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback 649 $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback
650 $w = $loop->signal ($signal, $callback)
651 $w = $loop->signal_ns ($signal, $callback)
417 Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be 652 Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be
418 specified by number or by name, just as with "kill" or %SIG). 653 specified by number or by name, just as with "kill" or %SIG).
654
655 Only one event loop can grab a given signal - attempting to grab the
656 same signal from two EV loops will crash the program immediately or
657 cause data corruption.
419 658
420 EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one 659 EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one
421 component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal 660 component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal
422 watcher, and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same 661 watcher, and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same
423 when you add/remove callbacks to %SIG, so watch out. 662 when you add/remove callbacks to %SIG, so watch out.
… …
435 $old_signum = $w->signal ($new_signal) 674 $old_signum = $w->signal ($new_signal)
436 Returns the previously set signal (always as a number not name) and 675 Returns the previously set signal (always as a number not name) and
437 optionally set a new one. 676 optionally set a new one.
438 677
439 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes 678 CHILD WATCHERS - watch out for process status changes
440 $w = EV::child $pid, $callback 679 $w = EV::child $pid, $trace, $callback
441 $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $callback 680 $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $trace, $callback
681 $w = $loop->child ($pid, $trace, $callback)
682 $w = $loop->child_ns ($pid, $trace, $callback)
442 Call the callback when a status change for pid $pid (or any pid if 683 Call the callback when a status change for pid $pid (or any pid if
443 $pid is 0) has been received. More precisely: when the process 684 $pid is 0) has been received (a status change happens when the
685 process terminates or is killed, or, when trace is true,
686 additionally when it is stopped or continued). More precisely: when
444 receives a "SIGCHLD", EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status 687 the process receives a "SIGCHLD", EV will fetch the outstanding
445 for all changed/zombie children and call the callback. 688 exit/wait status for all changed/zombie children and call the
689 callback.
446 690
447 It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a 691 It is valid (and fully supported) to install a child watcher after a
448 child has exited but before the event loop has started its next 692 child has exited but before the event loop has started its next
449 iteration (for example, first you "fork", then the new child process 693 iteration (for example, first you "fork", then the new child process
450 might exit, and only then do you install a child watcher in the 694 might exit, and only then do you install a child watcher in the
… …
457 be called. 701 be called.
458 702
459 The "child_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created 703 The "child_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
460 watcher. 704 watcher.
461 705
462 $w->set ($pid) 706 $w->set ($pid, $trace)
463 Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can 707 Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can
464 be called at any time. 708 be called at any time.
465 709
466 $current_pid = $w->pid 710 $current_pid = $w->pid
467 $old_pid = $w->pid ($new_pid)
468 Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one. 711 Returns the previously set process id and optionally set a new one.
469 712
470 $exit_status = $w->rstatus 713 $exit_status = $w->rstatus
471 Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid 714 Return the exit/wait status (as returned by waitpid, see the waitpid
472 entry in perlfunc). 715 entry in perlfunc).
473 716
474 $pid = $w->rpid 717 $pid = $w->rpid
475 Return the pid of the awaited child (useful when you have installed 718 Return the pid of the awaited child (useful when you have installed
476 a watcher for all pids). 719 a watcher for all pids).
477 720
721 EV::Child::reinit [EXPERIMENTAL]
722 Internally, libev installs a signal handler for "SIGCHLD".
723 Unfortunately, a lot of Perl code does soemthing like "local
724 $SIG{CHLD}", which, unfortunately, is broken and will not restore
725 the signal handler.
726
727 If this has happened, you can call this function to stop/rrestart
728 the internal libev watcher, which will reset the signal handler.
729
730 Note that this is an experimental function, whose interface might
731 change.
732
478 STAT WATCHERS - did the file attributes just change? 733 STAT WATCHERS - did the file attributes just change?
479 $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback 734 $w = EV::stat $path, $interval, $callback
480 $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback 735 $w = EV::stat_ns $path, $interval, $callback
736 $w = $loop->stat ($path, $interval, $callback)
737 $w = $loop->stat_ns ($path, $interval, $callback)
481 Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on 738 Call the callback when a file status change has been detected on
482 $path. The $path does not need to exist, changing from "path exists" 739 $path. The $path does not need to exist, changing from "path exists"
483 to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other. 740 to "path does not exist" is a status change like any other.
484 741
485 The $interval is a recommended polling interval for systems where 742 The $interval is a recommended polling interval for systems where
… …
545 Can be used to query the actual interval used. 802 Can be used to query the actual interval used.
546 803
547 IDLE WATCHERS - when you've got nothing better to do... 804 IDLE WATCHERS - when you've got nothing better to do...
548 $w = EV::idle $callback 805 $w = EV::idle $callback
549 $w = EV::idle_ns $callback 806 $w = EV::idle_ns $callback
807 $w = $loop->idle ($callback)
808 $w = $loop->idle_ns ($callback)
550 Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the 809 Call the callback when there are no other pending watchers of the
551 same or higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle 810 same or higher priority (excluding check, prepare and other idle
552 watchers of the same or lower priority, of course). They are called 811 watchers of the same or lower priority, of course). They are called
553 idle watchers because when the watcher is the highest priority 812 idle watchers because when the watcher is the highest priority
554 pending event in the process, the process is considered to be idle 813 pending event in the process, the process is considered to be idle
… …
570 watcher. 829 watcher.
571 830
572 PREPARE WATCHERS - customise your event loop! 831 PREPARE WATCHERS - customise your event loop!
573 $w = EV::prepare $callback 832 $w = EV::prepare $callback
574 $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback 833 $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback
834 $w = $loop->prepare ($callback)
835 $w = $loop->prepare_ns ($callback)
575 Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still 836 Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still
576 create/modify any watchers at this point. 837 create/modify any watchers at this point.
577 838
578 See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example. 839 See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example.
579 840
… …
581 watcher. 842 watcher.
582 843
583 CHECK WATCHERS - customise your event loop even more! 844 CHECK WATCHERS - customise your event loop even more!
584 $w = EV::check $callback 845 $w = EV::check $callback
585 $w = EV::check_ns $callback 846 $w = EV::check_ns $callback
847 $w = $loop->check ($callback)
848 $w = $loop->check_ns ($callback)
586 Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it 849 Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it
587 has gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been 850 has gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been
588 invoked. 851 invoked.
589 852
590 This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV 853 This can be used to integrate other event-based software into the EV
591 mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create 854 mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create
592 io and timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a 855 io and timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a
593 real-world example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left 856 real-world example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left
594 out): 857 out):
595 858
… …
626 # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff 889 # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff
627 ... not shown 890 ... not shown
628 }; 891 };
629 892
630 The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the 893 The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the
631 watchers are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check 894 watchers are destroyed before this can happen (remember EV::check
632 gets called first). 895 gets called first).
633 896
634 The "check_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created 897 The "check_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
635 watcher. 898 watcher.
899
900 EV::CHECK constant issues
901 Like all other watcher types, there is a bitmask constant for use in
902 $revents and other places. The "EV::CHECK" is special as it has the
903 same name as the "CHECK" sub called by Perl. This doesn't cause big
904 issues on newer perls (beginning with 5.8.9), but it means thatthe
905 constant must be *inlined*, i.e. runtime calls will not work. That
906 means that as long as you always "use EV" and then "EV::CHECK" you
907 are on the safe side.
636 908
637 FORK WATCHERS - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork 909 FORK WATCHERS - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork
638 Fork watchers are called when a "fork ()" was detected. The invocation 910 Fork watchers are called when a "fork ()" was detected. The invocation
639 is done before the event loop blocks next and before "check" watchers 911 is done before the event loop blocks next and before "check" watchers
640 are being called, and only in the child after the fork. 912 are being called, and only in the child after the fork.
641 913
642 $w = EV::fork $callback 914 $w = EV::fork $callback
643 $w = EV::fork_ns $callback 915 $w = EV::fork_ns $callback
916 $w = $loop->fork ($callback)
917 $w = $loop->fork_ns ($callback)
644 Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child 918 Call the callback before the event loop is resumed in the child
645 process after a fork. 919 process after a fork.
646 920
647 The "fork_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created 921 The "fork_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
648 watcher. 922 watcher.
923
924 EMBED WATCHERS - when one backend isn't enough...
925 This is a rather advanced watcher type that lets you embed one event
926 loop into another (currently only IO events are supported in the
927 embedded loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or
928 incorrect fashion and must not be used).
929
930 See the libev documentation at
931 <http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code
932 _when_one_backend_> (locally installed as EV::libev) for more details.
933
934 In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working
935 kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets:
936
937 my $socket_loop;
938
939 # check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported
940 if (
941 (EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL | EV::BACKEND_SELECT))
942 && (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE)
943 ) {
944 # use kqueue for sockets
945 $socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE | EV::FLAG_NOENV;
946 }
947
948 # use the default loop otherwise
949 $socket_loop ||= EV::default_loop;
950
951 $w = EV::embed $otherloop[, $callback]
952 $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop[, $callback]
953 $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop[, $callback])
954 $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop[, $callback])
955 Call the callback when the embedded event loop ($otherloop) has any
956 I/O activity. The $callback is optional: if it is missing, then the
957 embedded event loop will be managed automatically (which is
958 recommended), otherwise you have to invoke "sweep" yourself.
959
960 The "embed_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created
961 watcher.
962
963 ASYNC WATCHERS - how to wake up another event loop
964 Async watchers are provided by EV, but have little use in perl directly,
965 as perl neither supports threads running in parallel nor direct access
966 to signal handlers or other contexts where they could be of value.
967
968 It is, however, possible to use them from the XS level.
969
970 Please see the libev documentation for further details.
971
972 $w = EV::async $callback
973 $w = EV::async_ns $callback
974 $w = $loop->async ($callback)
975 $w = $loop->async_ns ($callback)
976 $w->send
977 $bool = $w->async_pending
978
979 CLEANUP WATCHERS - how to clean up when the event loop goes away
980 Cleanup watchers are not supported on the Perl level, they can only be
981 used via XS currently.
649 982
650PERL SIGNALS 983PERL SIGNALS
651 While Perl signal handling (%SIG) is not affected by EV, the behaviour 984 While Perl signal handling (%SIG) is not affected by EV, the behaviour
652 with EV is as the same as any other C library: Perl-signals will only be 985 with EV is as the same as any other C library: Perl-signals will only be
653 handled when Perl runs, which means your signal handler might be invoked 986 handled when Perl runs, which means your signal handler might be invoked
… …
660 to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a "EV::check" 993 to be called on every event loop iteration by installing a "EV::check"
661 watcher: 994 watcher:
662 995
663 my $async_check = EV::check sub { }; 996 my $async_check = EV::check sub { };
664 997
665 This ensures that perl shortly gets into control for a short time, and 998 This ensures that perl gets into control for a short time to handle any
666 also ensures slower overall operation. 999 pending signals, and also ensures (slightly) slower overall operation.
667 1000
668THREADS 1001ITHREADS
669 Threads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl pseudo-threads 1002 Ithreads are not supported by this module in any way. Perl
670 is evil stuff and must die. As soon as Perl gains real threads I will 1003 pseudo-threads is evil stuff and must die. Real threads as provided by
671 work on thread support for it. 1004 Coro are fully supported (and enhanced support is available via
1005 Coro::EV).
672 1006
673FORK 1007FORK
674 Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating 1008 Most of the "improved" event delivering mechanisms of modern operating
675 systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is 1009 systems have quite a few problems with fork(2) (to put it bluntly: it is
676 not supported and usually destructive). Libev makes it possible to work 1010 not supported and usually destructive). Libev makes it possible to work
… …
686 1020
687 On win32, there is no notion of fork so all this doesn't apply, of 1021 On win32, there is no notion of fork so all this doesn't apply, of
688 course. 1022 course.
689 1023
690SEE ALSO 1024SEE ALSO
691 EV::ADNS (asynchronous dns), Glib::EV (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as event 1025 EV::MakeMaker - MakeMaker interface to XS API, EV::ADNS (asynchronous
692 loop), Coro::EV (efficient coroutines with EV). 1026 DNS), Glib::EV (makes Glib/Gtk2 use EV as event loop), EV::Glib (embed
1027 Glib into EV), Coro::EV (efficient thread integration), Net::SNMP::EV
1028 (asynchronous SNMP), AnyEvent for event-loop agnostic and portable event
1029 driven programming.
693 1030
694AUTHOR 1031AUTHOR
695 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1032 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
696 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1033 http://home.schmorp.de/
697 1034

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