… | |
… | |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use IO::AIO; |
7 | use IO::AIO; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
9 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
10 | my $fh = shift |
10 | my $fh = shift |
11 | or die "/etc/passwd: $!"; |
11 | or die "/etc/passwd: $!"; |
12 | ... |
12 | ... |
13 | }; |
13 | }; |
14 | |
14 | |
… | |
… | |
26 | $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue |
26 | $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue |
27 | |
27 | |
28 | my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" }; |
28 | my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" }; |
29 | add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...; |
29 | add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...; |
30 | |
30 | |
31 | # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...) |
|
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32 | use AnyEvent::AIO; |
|
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33 | |
|
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34 | # EV integration |
|
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35 | my $w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; |
|
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36 | |
|
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37 | # Event integration |
|
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38 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
|
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39 | poll => 'r', |
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40 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
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41 | |
|
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42 | # Glib/Gtk2 integration |
|
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43 | add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
|
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44 | in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 }; |
|
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45 | |
|
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46 | # Tk integration |
|
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47 | Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "", |
|
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48 | readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
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49 | |
|
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50 | # Danga::Socket integration |
|
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51 | Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno => |
|
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52 | \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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53 | |
|
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54 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
31 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
55 | |
32 | |
56 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
33 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
57 | operating system supports. |
34 | operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio> |
|
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35 | (L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>). |
58 | |
36 | |
59 | Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program |
37 | Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program |
60 | (e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation |
38 | (e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation |
61 | will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This |
39 | will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This |
62 | is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even |
40 | is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even |
… | |
… | |
66 | on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations |
44 | on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations |
67 | concurrently. |
45 | concurrently. |
68 | |
46 | |
69 | While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for |
47 | While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for |
70 | example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that |
48 | example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that |
71 | support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very |
49 | support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is |
72 | inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<Event|Event> |
50 | very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV> |
73 | module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself. |
51 | module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself. |
74 | |
52 | |
75 | In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your |
53 | In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your |
76 | requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support |
54 | requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support |
77 | in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible |
55 | in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible |
… | |
… | |
87 | yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never |
65 | yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never |
88 | call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. |
66 | call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. |
89 | |
67 | |
90 | =head2 EXAMPLE |
68 | =head2 EXAMPLE |
91 | |
69 | |
92 | This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads |
70 | This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads |
93 | F</etc/passwd> asynchronously: |
71 | F</etc/passwd> asynchronously: |
94 | |
72 | |
95 | use Fcntl; |
73 | use Fcntl; |
96 | use Event; |
74 | use EV; |
97 | use IO::AIO; |
75 | use IO::AIO; |
98 | |
76 | |
99 | # register the IO::AIO callback with Event |
77 | # register the IO::AIO callback with EV |
100 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
78 | my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; |
101 | poll => 'r', |
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102 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
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103 | |
79 | |
104 | # queue the request to open /etc/passwd |
80 | # queue the request to open /etc/passwd |
105 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
81 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
106 | my $fh = shift |
82 | my $fh = shift |
107 | or die "error while opening: $!"; |
83 | or die "error while opening: $!"; |
108 | |
84 | |
109 | # stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking |
85 | # stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking |
110 | my $size = -s $fh; |
86 | my $size = -s $fh; |
… | |
… | |
119 | |
95 | |
120 | # file contents now in $contents |
96 | # file contents now in $contents |
121 | print $contents; |
97 | print $contents; |
122 | |
98 | |
123 | # exit event loop and program |
99 | # exit event loop and program |
124 | Event::unloop; |
100 | EV::unloop; |
125 | }; |
101 | }; |
126 | }; |
102 | }; |
127 | |
103 | |
128 | # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, |
104 | # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, |
129 | # check for sockets etc. etc. |
105 | # check for sockets etc. etc. |
130 | |
106 | |
131 | # process events as long as there are some: |
107 | # process events as long as there are some: |
132 | Event::loop; |
108 | EV::loop; |
133 | |
109 | |
134 | =head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME |
110 | =head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME |
135 | |
111 | |
136 | Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not |
112 | Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not |
137 | directly visible to Perl. |
113 | directly visible to Perl. |
… | |
… | |
187 | |
163 | |
188 | package IO::AIO; |
164 | package IO::AIO; |
189 | |
165 | |
190 | use Carp (); |
166 | use Carp (); |
191 | |
167 | |
192 | no warnings; |
168 | use common::sense; |
193 | use strict 'vars'; |
|
|
194 | |
169 | |
195 | use base 'Exporter'; |
170 | use base 'Exporter'; |
196 | |
171 | |
197 | BEGIN { |
172 | BEGIN { |
198 | our $VERSION = '3.22'; |
173 | our $VERSION = '3.71'; |
199 | |
174 | |
200 | our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close |
175 | our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close |
201 | aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx |
176 | aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx |
202 | aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync |
177 | aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync |
203 | aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead |
178 | aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead |
204 | aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group |
179 | aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group |
205 | aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown |
180 | aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown |
206 | aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate); |
181 | aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate |
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182 | aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall |
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183 | aio_statvfs); |
207 | |
184 | |
208 | our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice)); |
185 | our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice)); |
209 | our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush |
186 | our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush |
210 | min_parallel max_parallel max_idle |
187 | min_parallel max_parallel max_idle |
211 | nreqs nready npending nthreads |
188 | nreqs nready npending nthreads |
212 | max_poll_time max_poll_reqs); |
189 | max_poll_time max_poll_reqs |
|
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190 | sendfile fadvise madvise |
|
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191 | mmap munmap munlock munlockall); |
213 | |
192 | |
214 | push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported |
193 | push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported |
215 | |
194 | |
216 | @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; |
195 | @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; |
217 | |
196 | |
218 | require XSLoader; |
197 | require XSLoader; |
219 | XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION); |
198 | XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION); |
220 | } |
199 | } |
221 | |
200 | |
222 | =head1 FUNCTIONS |
201 | =head1 FUNCTIONS |
|
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202 | |
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203 | =head2 QUICK OVERVIEW |
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204 | |
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205 | This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions |
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206 | for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function |
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207 | documentation. |
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208 | |
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209 | aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh) |
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210 | aio_close $fh, $callback->($status) |
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211 | aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
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212 | aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
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213 | aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval) |
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214 | aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) |
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215 | aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status) |
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216 | aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status) |
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217 | aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs) |
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218 | aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status) |
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219 | aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status) |
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220 | aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status) |
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221 | aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status) |
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222 | aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status) |
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223 | aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status) |
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224 | aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
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225 | aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
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226 | aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link) |
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227 | aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
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228 | aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status) |
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229 | aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) |
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230 | aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries) |
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231 | aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags) |
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232 | IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST |
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233 | IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN |
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234 | aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status) |
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235 | aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
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236 | aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
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237 | aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) |
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238 | aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status) |
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239 | aio_sync $callback->($status) |
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240 | aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status) |
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241 | aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status) |
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242 | aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status) |
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243 | aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status) |
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244 | aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) |
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245 | aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) |
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246 | aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status) |
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247 | aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status) |
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248 | aio_group $callback->(...) |
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249 | aio_nop $callback->() |
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250 | |
|
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251 | $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri] |
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252 | aioreq_nice $pri_adjust |
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253 | |
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254 | IO::AIO::poll_wait |
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255 | IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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256 | IO::AIO::poll |
|
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257 | IO::AIO::flush |
|
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258 | IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs |
|
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259 | IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds |
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260 | IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads |
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261 | IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads |
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262 | IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads |
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263 | IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs |
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264 | IO::AIO::nreqs |
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265 | IO::AIO::nready |
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266 | IO::AIO::npending |
|
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267 | |
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268 | IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count |
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269 | IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice |
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270 | IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice |
|
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271 | IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect |
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272 | IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef |
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273 | IO::AIO::munlockall |
223 | |
274 | |
224 | =head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS |
275 | =head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS |
225 | |
276 | |
226 | All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
277 | All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
227 | with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical, |
278 | with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical, |
… | |
… | |
307 | by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never |
358 | by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never |
308 | change the umask. |
359 | change the umask. |
309 | |
360 | |
310 | Example: |
361 | Example: |
311 | |
362 | |
312 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
363 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
313 | if ($_[0]) { |
364 | if ($_[0]) { |
314 | print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n"; |
365 | print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n"; |
315 | ... |
366 | ... |
316 | } else { |
367 | } else { |
317 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
368 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
… | |
… | |
377 | reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current |
428 | reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current |
378 | file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more |
429 | file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more |
379 | than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each |
430 | than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each |
380 | other. |
431 | other. |
381 | |
432 | |
|
|
433 | Please note that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from C<$in_fh> than |
|
|
434 | are written, and there is no way to find out how many bytes have been read |
|
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435 | from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only provides the number of |
|
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436 | bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result value equals C<$length> |
|
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437 | one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been read. |
|
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438 | |
|
|
439 | Unlike with other C<aio_> functions, it makes a lot of sense to use |
|
|
440 | C<aio_sendfile> on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end (typically |
|
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441 | the C<$in_fh>) is a file - the file I/O will then be asynchronous, while |
|
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442 | the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note, however, that you can run into |
|
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443 | a trap where C<aio_sendfile> reads some data with readahead, then fails |
|
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444 | to write all data, and when the socket is ready the next time, the data |
|
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445 | in the cache is already lost, forcing C<aio_sendfile> to again hit the |
|
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446 | disk. Explicit C<aio_read> + C<aio_write> let's you control resource usage |
|
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447 | much better. |
|
|
448 | |
382 | This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide |
449 | This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide |
383 | zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a |
450 | zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a |
384 | socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file. |
451 | socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file. |
385 | |
452 | |
386 | If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be |
453 | If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>, |
|
|
454 | C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or C<ENOTSOCK>, |
387 | emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle |
455 | it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of |
388 | regardless of the limitations of the operating system. |
456 | filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system. |
389 | |
|
|
390 | Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from |
|
|
391 | C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many |
|
|
392 | bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only |
|
|
393 | provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result |
|
|
394 | value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been |
|
|
395 | read. |
|
|
396 | |
457 | |
397 | |
458 | |
398 | =item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) |
459 | =item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) |
399 | |
460 | |
400 | C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that |
461 | C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that |
… | |
… | |
431 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
492 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
432 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
493 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
433 | }; |
494 | }; |
434 | |
495 | |
435 | |
496 | |
|
|
497 | =item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs) |
|
|
498 | |
|
|
499 | Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on |
|
|
500 | whether a file handle or path was passed. |
|
|
501 | |
|
|
502 | On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following |
|
|
503 | members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>, |
|
|
504 | C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef> |
|
|
505 | is passed. |
|
|
506 | |
|
|
507 | The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and |
|
|
508 | C<ST_NOSUID>. |
|
|
509 | |
|
|
510 | The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to |
|
|
511 | their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do |
|
|
512 | not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>, |
|
|
513 | C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>, |
|
|
514 | C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>. |
|
|
515 | |
|
|
516 | Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful. |
|
|
517 | |
|
|
518 | aio_statvfs "/wd", sub { |
|
|
519 | my $f = $_[0] |
|
|
520 | or die "statvfs: $!"; |
|
|
521 | |
|
|
522 | use Data::Dumper; |
|
|
523 | say Dumper $f; |
|
|
524 | }; |
|
|
525 | |
|
|
526 | # result: |
|
|
527 | { |
|
|
528 | bsize => 1024, |
|
|
529 | bfree => 4333064312, |
|
|
530 | blocks => 10253828096, |
|
|
531 | files => 2050765568, |
|
|
532 | flag => 4096, |
|
|
533 | favail => 2042092649, |
|
|
534 | bavail => 4333064312, |
|
|
535 | ffree => 2042092649, |
|
|
536 | namemax => 255, |
|
|
537 | frsize => 1024, |
|
|
538 | fsid => 1810 |
|
|
539 | } |
|
|
540 | |
|
|
541 | |
436 | =item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status) |
542 | =item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status) |
437 | |
543 | |
438 | Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime |
544 | Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime |
439 | and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying |
545 | and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying |
440 | syscalls support them. |
546 | syscalls support them. |
… | |
… | |
568 | C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to |
674 | C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to |
569 | know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type> |
675 | know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type> |
570 | scalars are read-only: you can not modify them. |
676 | scalars are read-only: you can not modify them. |
571 | |
677 | |
572 | C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64 |
678 | C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64 |
573 | bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). On systems that do not deliver the |
679 | bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on |
574 | inode information, this will always be zero. |
680 | systems that do not deliver the inode information. |
575 | |
681 | |
576 | =item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST |
682 | =item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST |
577 | |
683 | |
578 | When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where |
684 | When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where |
579 | likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly |
685 | likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly |
… | |
… | |
635 | |
741 | |
636 | =item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
742 | =item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
637 | |
743 | |
638 | Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
744 | Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
639 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
745 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
640 | the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. |
746 | a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>). |
641 | |
747 | |
642 | This is a composite request that creates the destination file with |
748 | This is a composite request that creates the destination file with |
643 | mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using |
749 | mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using |
644 | C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and |
750 | C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and |
645 | uid/gid, in that order. |
751 | uid/gid, in that order. |
… | |
… | |
657 | my $grp = aio_group $cb; |
763 | my $grp = aio_group $cb; |
658 | |
764 | |
659 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
765 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
660 | add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
766 | add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
661 | if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) { |
767 | if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) { |
662 | my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might bock over nfs? |
768 | my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs? |
663 | |
769 | |
664 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
770 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
665 | add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub { |
771 | add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub { |
666 | if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) { |
772 | if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) { |
667 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
773 | aioreq_pri $pri; |
… | |
… | |
714 | |
820 | |
715 | =item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
821 | =item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
716 | |
822 | |
717 | Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
823 | Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
718 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
824 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
719 | the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. |
825 | a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>). |
720 | |
826 | |
721 | This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if |
827 | This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if |
722 | rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if |
828 | rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if |
723 | that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>. |
829 | that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>. |
724 | |
830 | |
… | |
… | |
958 | (E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any |
1064 | (E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any |
959 | specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get |
1065 | specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get |
960 | written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only, |
1066 | written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only, |
961 | not just directories. |
1067 | not just directories. |
962 | |
1068 | |
|
|
1069 | Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when |
|
|
1070 | C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>). |
|
|
1071 | |
963 | Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error. |
1072 | Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error. |
964 | |
1073 | |
965 | =cut |
1074 | =cut |
966 | |
1075 | |
967 | sub aio_pathsync($;$) { |
1076 | sub aio_pathsync($;$) { |
… | |
… | |
987 | }; |
1096 | }; |
988 | |
1097 | |
989 | $grp |
1098 | $grp |
990 | } |
1099 | } |
991 | |
1100 | |
|
|
1101 | =item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) |
|
|
1102 | |
|
|
1103 | This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed |
|
|
1104 | scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data |
|
|
1105 | scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the |
|
|
1106 | scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on |
|
|
1107 | it). |
|
|
1108 | |
|
|
1109 | It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory |
|
|
1110 | area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes |
|
|
1111 | later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length> |
|
|
1112 | is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be |
|
|
1113 | a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and |
|
|
1114 | C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>. |
|
|
1115 | |
|
|
1116 | =item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) |
|
|
1117 | |
|
|
1118 | This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed |
|
|
1119 | scalars. |
|
|
1120 | |
|
|
1121 | It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified |
|
|
1122 | range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same |
|
|
1123 | as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either |
|
|
1124 | C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or |
|
|
1125 | C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and |
|
|
1126 | writing an octet from it, which dirties the page). |
|
|
1127 | |
|
|
1128 | =item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status) |
|
|
1129 | |
|
|
1130 | This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed |
|
|
1131 | scalars. |
|
|
1132 | |
|
|
1133 | It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if any) |
|
|
1134 | and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or removed. |
|
|
1135 | |
|
|
1136 | If C<$length> is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the end. |
|
|
1137 | |
|
|
1138 | On systems that do not implement C<mlock>, this function returns C<-1> |
|
|
1139 | and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>. |
|
|
1140 | |
|
|
1141 | Note that the corresponding C<munlock> is synchronous and is |
|
|
1142 | documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>. |
|
|
1143 | |
|
|
1144 | Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when |
|
|
1145 | C<$data> gets destroyed. |
|
|
1146 | |
|
|
1147 | open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!"; |
|
|
1148 | my $data; |
|
|
1149 | IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh; |
|
|
1150 | aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background |
|
|
1151 | |
|
|
1152 | =item aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status) |
|
|
1153 | |
|
|
1154 | Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of |
|
|
1155 | C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE>). |
|
|
1156 | |
|
|
1157 | On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns C<-1> |
|
|
1158 | and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>. |
|
|
1159 | |
|
|
1160 | Note that the corresponding C<munlockall> is synchronous and is |
|
|
1161 | documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>. |
|
|
1162 | |
|
|
1163 | Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into memory. |
|
|
1164 | |
|
|
1165 | aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE; |
|
|
1166 | |
992 | =item aio_group $callback->(...) |
1167 | =item aio_group $callback->(...) |
993 | |
1168 | |
994 | This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a |
1169 | This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a |
995 | container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle |
1170 | container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle |
996 | many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback |
1171 | many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback |
… | |
… | |
1131 | =item $grp->cancel_subs |
1306 | =item $grp->cancel_subs |
1132 | |
1307 | |
1133 | Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request |
1308 | Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request |
1134 | itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early. |
1309 | itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early. |
1135 | |
1310 | |
|
|
1311 | The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the |
|
|
1312 | group). |
|
|
1313 | |
1136 | =item $grp->result (...) |
1314 | =item $grp->result (...) |
1137 | |
1315 | |
1138 | Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all |
1316 | Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all |
1139 | subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value |
1317 | subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value |
1140 | of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default, |
1318 | of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default, |
… | |
… | |
1208 | =over 4 |
1386 | =over 4 |
1209 | |
1387 | |
1210 | =item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
1388 | =item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
1211 | |
1389 | |
1212 | Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be |
1390 | Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be |
1213 | polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or |
1391 | polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib, |
1214 | select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have |
1392 | select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable |
1215 | to call C<poll_cb> to check the results. |
1393 | you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results. |
1216 | |
1394 | |
1217 | See C<poll_cb> for an example. |
1395 | See C<poll_cb> for an example. |
1218 | |
1396 | |
1219 | =item IO::AIO::poll_cb |
1397 | =item IO::AIO::poll_cb |
1220 | |
1398 | |
… | |
… | |
1227 | If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle |
1405 | If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle |
1228 | will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to |
1406 | will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to |
1229 | do anything special to have it called later. |
1407 | do anything special to have it called later. |
1230 | |
1408 | |
1231 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
1409 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
1232 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: |
1410 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the |
|
|
1411 | SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document): |
1233 | |
1412 | |
1234 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
1413 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
1235 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
1414 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
1236 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
1415 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
1416 | |
|
|
1417 | =item IO::AIO::poll_wait |
|
|
1418 | |
|
|
1419 | If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result |
|
|
1420 | phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply |
|
|
1421 | does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to |
|
|
1422 | synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
|
|
1423 | |
|
|
1424 | See C<nreqs> for an example. |
|
|
1425 | |
|
|
1426 | =item IO::AIO::poll |
|
|
1427 | |
|
|
1428 | Waits until some requests have been handled. |
|
|
1429 | |
|
|
1430 | Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly |
|
|
1431 | equivalent to: |
|
|
1432 | |
|
|
1433 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
1434 | |
|
|
1435 | =item IO::AIO::flush |
|
|
1436 | |
|
|
1437 | Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled. |
|
|
1438 | |
|
|
1439 | Strictly equivalent to: |
|
|
1440 | |
|
|
1441 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
1442 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
1237 | |
1443 | |
1238 | =item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs |
1444 | =item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs |
1239 | |
1445 | |
1240 | =item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds |
1446 | =item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds |
1241 | |
1447 | |
… | |
… | |
1266 | # use a low priority so other tasks have priority |
1472 | # use a low priority so other tasks have priority |
1267 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
1473 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
1268 | poll => 'r', nice => 1, |
1474 | poll => 'r', nice => 1, |
1269 | cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
1475 | cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
1270 | |
1476 | |
1271 | =item IO::AIO::poll_wait |
|
|
1272 | |
|
|
1273 | If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result |
|
|
1274 | phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply |
|
|
1275 | does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to |
|
|
1276 | synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
|
|
1277 | |
|
|
1278 | See C<nreqs> for an example. |
|
|
1279 | |
|
|
1280 | =item IO::AIO::poll |
|
|
1281 | |
|
|
1282 | Waits until some requests have been handled. |
|
|
1283 | |
|
|
1284 | Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly |
|
|
1285 | equivalent to: |
|
|
1286 | |
|
|
1287 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
1288 | |
|
|
1289 | =item IO::AIO::flush |
|
|
1290 | |
|
|
1291 | Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled. |
|
|
1292 | |
|
|
1293 | Strictly equivalent to: |
|
|
1294 | |
|
|
1295 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
1296 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
|
|
1297 | |
|
|
1298 | =back |
1477 | =back |
1299 | |
1478 | |
1300 | =head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS |
1479 | =head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS |
1301 | |
1480 | |
1302 | =over |
1481 | =over |
… | |
… | |
1394 | Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed, |
1573 | Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed, |
1395 | but not yet processed by poll_cb). |
1574 | but not yet processed by poll_cb). |
1396 | |
1575 | |
1397 | =back |
1576 | =back |
1398 | |
1577 | |
|
|
1578 | =head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS |
|
|
1579 | |
|
|
1580 | IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not |
|
|
1581 | asynchronous. |
|
|
1582 | |
|
|
1583 | =over 4 |
|
|
1584 | |
|
|
1585 | =item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count |
|
|
1586 | |
|
|
1587 | Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>, |
|
|
1588 | but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is |
|
|
1589 | likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking |
|
|
1590 | operations). |
|
|
1591 | |
|
|
1592 | Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error. |
|
|
1593 | |
|
|
1594 | =item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice |
|
|
1595 | |
|
|
1596 | Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see its |
|
|
1597 | manpage for details). The following advice constants are |
|
|
1598 | avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>, |
|
|
1599 | C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>, |
|
|
1600 | C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>. |
|
|
1601 | |
|
|
1602 | On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns |
|
|
1603 | ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>. |
|
|
1604 | |
|
|
1605 | =item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice |
|
|
1606 | |
|
|
1607 | Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its |
|
|
1608 | manpage for details). The following advice constants are |
|
|
1609 | avaiable: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>, |
|
|
1610 | C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>. |
|
|
1611 | |
|
|
1612 | On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns |
|
|
1613 | ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>. |
|
|
1614 | |
|
|
1615 | =item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect |
|
|
1616 | |
|
|
1617 | Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed |
|
|
1618 | $scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect |
|
|
1619 | constants are avaiable: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>, |
|
|
1620 | C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>. |
|
|
1621 | |
|
|
1622 | On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns |
|
|
1623 | ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>. |
|
|
1624 | |
|
|
1625 | =item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset] |
|
|
1626 | |
|
|
1627 | Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the |
|
|
1628 | given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar. |
|
|
1629 | |
|
|
1630 | The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't |
|
|
1631 | change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it |
|
|
1632 | or searching it with regexes and so on. |
|
|
1633 | |
|
|
1634 | Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks. |
|
|
1635 | |
|
|
1636 | The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed |
|
|
1637 | when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or |
|
|
1638 | C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called. |
|
|
1639 | |
|
|
1640 | This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual |
|
|
1641 | page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters. |
|
|
1642 | |
|
|
1643 | The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual |
|
|
1644 | filesize. |
|
|
1645 | |
|
|
1646 | C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>, |
|
|
1647 | C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, |
|
|
1648 | |
|
|
1649 | C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or |
|
|
1650 | C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when |
|
|
1651 | not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS> |
|
|
1652 | (which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this |
|
|
1653 | constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>, |
|
|
1654 | C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or |
|
|
1655 | C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK> |
|
|
1656 | |
|
|
1657 | If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed. |
|
|
1658 | |
|
|
1659 | C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be |
|
|
1660 | a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>. |
|
|
1661 | |
|
|
1662 | Example: |
|
|
1663 | |
|
|
1664 | use Digest::MD5; |
|
|
1665 | use IO::AIO; |
|
|
1666 | |
|
|
1667 | open my $fh, "<verybigfile" |
|
|
1668 | or die "$!"; |
|
|
1669 | |
|
|
1670 | IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh |
|
|
1671 | or die "verybigfile: $!"; |
|
|
1672 | |
|
|
1673 | my $fast_md5 = md5 $data; |
|
|
1674 | |
|
|
1675 | =item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar |
|
|
1676 | |
|
|
1677 | Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>. |
|
|
1678 | |
|
|
1679 | =item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef |
|
|
1680 | |
|
|
1681 | Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous |
|
|
1682 | C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details). |
|
|
1683 | |
|
|
1684 | =item IO::AIO::munlockall |
|
|
1685 | |
|
|
1686 | Calls the C<munlockall> function. |
|
|
1687 | |
|
|
1688 | On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns |
|
|
1689 | ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>. |
|
|
1690 | |
|
|
1691 | =back |
|
|
1692 | |
1399 | =cut |
1693 | =cut |
1400 | |
1694 | |
1401 | min_parallel 8; |
1695 | min_parallel 8; |
1402 | |
1696 | |
1403 | END { flush } |
1697 | END { flush } |
1404 | |
1698 | |
1405 | 1; |
1699 | 1; |
|
|
1700 | |
|
|
1701 | =head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION |
|
|
1702 | |
|
|
1703 | It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO |
|
|
1704 | automatically into many event loops: |
|
|
1705 | |
|
|
1706 | # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...) |
|
|
1707 | use AnyEvent::AIO; |
|
|
1708 | |
|
|
1709 | You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are |
|
|
1710 | some examples of how to do this: |
|
|
1711 | |
|
|
1712 | # EV integration |
|
|
1713 | my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; |
|
|
1714 | |
|
|
1715 | # Event integration |
|
|
1716 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
|
|
1717 | poll => 'r', |
|
|
1718 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
1719 | |
|
|
1720 | # Glib/Gtk2 integration |
|
|
1721 | add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
|
|
1722 | in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 }; |
|
|
1723 | |
|
|
1724 | # Tk integration |
|
|
1725 | Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "", |
|
|
1726 | readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
1727 | |
|
|
1728 | # Danga::Socket integration |
|
|
1729 | Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno => |
|
|
1730 | \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
1406 | |
1731 | |
1407 | =head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR |
1732 | =head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR |
1408 | |
1733 | |
1409 | This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: |
1734 | This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: |
1410 | |
1735 | |