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51 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
51 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
52 | |
52 | |
53 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
53 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
54 | operating system supports. |
54 | operating system supports. |
55 | |
55 | |
56 | Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes |
56 | In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your |
57 | and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in perl, and |
57 | requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support |
58 | the threads created by this module will not be visible to perl. In the |
58 | in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible |
59 | future, this module might make use of the native aio functions available |
59 | to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio |
60 | on many operating systems. However, they are often not well-supported |
60 | functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often |
61 | (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently, for example), |
61 | not well-supported or restricted (Linux doesn't allow them on normal |
62 | and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the remaining |
62 | files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and |
63 | functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway. |
63 | aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented |
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64 | using threads anyway. |
64 | |
65 | |
65 | Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, |
66 | Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-) |
66 | it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking |
67 | threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate |
67 | yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never |
68 | locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or |
68 | call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. |
69 | never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. |
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70 | |
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71 | =head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME |
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72 | |
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73 | Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not |
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74 | directly visible to Perl. |
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75 | |
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76 | If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl |
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77 | object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned, |
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78 | which saves a bit of memory. |
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79 | |
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80 | The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents |
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81 | are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it. |
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82 | |
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83 | During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states, |
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84 | in order: |
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85 | |
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86 | =over 4 |
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87 | |
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88 | =item ready |
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89 | |
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90 | Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state, |
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91 | waiting for a thread to execute it. |
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92 | |
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93 | =item execute |
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94 | |
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95 | A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently |
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96 | executing it (e.g. blocking in read). |
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97 | |
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98 | =item pending |
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99 | |
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100 | The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing. |
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101 | |
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102 | While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result |
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103 | processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb> |
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104 | (or another function with the same effect). |
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105 | |
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106 | =item result |
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107 | |
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108 | The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>. |
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109 | |
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110 | The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by |
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111 | calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing |
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112 | any groups they are contained in. |
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113 | |
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114 | =item done |
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115 | |
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116 | Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore |
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117 | (except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual |
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118 | aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or |
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119 | result in a runtime error). |
69 | |
120 | |
70 | =cut |
121 | =cut |
71 | |
122 | |
72 | package IO::AIO; |
123 | package IO::AIO; |
73 | |
124 | |
… | |
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81 | |
132 | |
82 | our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat |
133 | our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat |
83 | aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink |
134 | aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink |
84 | aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move |
135 | aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move |
85 | aio_group aio_nop); |
136 | aio_group aio_nop); |
86 | our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri)); |
137 | our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice)); |
87 | our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush |
138 | our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush |
88 | min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs); |
139 | min_parallel max_parallel nreqs); |
89 | |
140 | |
90 | @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; |
141 | @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; |
91 | |
142 | |
92 | require XSLoader; |
143 | require XSLoader; |
93 | XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION); |
144 | XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION); |
… | |
… | |
212 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
263 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
213 | print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n"; |
264 | print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n"; |
214 | }; |
265 | }; |
215 | |
266 | |
216 | =item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
267 | =item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
217 | |
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218 | [EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use] |
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219 | |
268 | |
220 | Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
269 | Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or |
221 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
270 | destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with |
222 | the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. |
271 | the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. |
223 | |
272 | |
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376 | The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref |
425 | The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref |
377 | with the filenames. |
426 | with the filenames. |
378 | |
427 | |
379 | =item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) |
428 | =item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) |
380 | |
429 | |
381 | [EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use] |
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382 | |
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383 | Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to |
430 | Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to |
384 | separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones |
431 | efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of |
385 | you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot |
432 | names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot |
386 | recurse into (everything else). |
433 | recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories). |
387 | |
434 | |
388 | C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_ |
435 | C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_ |
389 | C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that |
436 | C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that |
390 | this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default |
437 | this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default |
391 | will be chosen (currently 6). |
438 | will be chosen (currently 6). |
… | |
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473 | map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length], |
520 | map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length], |
474 | @$entries]; |
521 | @$entries]; |
475 | |
522 | |
476 | my (@dirs, @nondirs); |
523 | my (@dirs, @nondirs); |
477 | |
524 | |
478 | my ($statcb, $schedcb); |
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479 | my $nreq = 0; |
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480 | |
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481 | my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group; |
525 | my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub { |
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526 | $grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs); |
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527 | }; |
482 | |
528 | |
483 | $schedcb = sub { |
529 | limit $statgrp $maxreq; |
484 | if (@$entries) { |
530 | feed $statgrp sub { |
485 | if ($nreq < $maxreq) { |
531 | return unless @$entries; |
486 | my $ent = pop @$entries; |
532 | my $entry = pop @$entries; |
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533 | |
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534 | add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub { |
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535 | if ($_[0] < 0) { |
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536 | push @nondirs, $entry; |
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537 | } else { |
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538 | # need to check for real directory |
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539 | add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub { |
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540 | if (-d _) { |
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541 | push @dirs, $entry; |
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542 | |
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543 | unless (--$ndirs) { |
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544 | push @nondirs, @$entries; |
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545 | feed $statgrp; |
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546 | } |
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547 | } else { |
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548 | push @nondirs, $entry; |
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549 | } |
487 | $nreq++; |
550 | } |
488 | add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) }; |
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489 | } |
551 | } |
490 | } elsif (!$nreq) { |
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491 | # finished |
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492 | $statgrp->cancel; |
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493 | undef $statcb; |
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494 | undef $schedcb; |
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495 | $grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs); |
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496 | } |
552 | }; |
497 | }; |
553 | }; |
498 | $statcb = sub { |
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499 | my ($status, $entry) = @_; |
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500 | |
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501 | if ($status < 0) { |
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502 | $nreq--; |
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503 | push @nondirs, $entry; |
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504 | &$schedcb; |
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505 | } else { |
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506 | # need to check for real directory |
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507 | add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub { |
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508 | $nreq--; |
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509 | |
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510 | if (-d _) { |
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511 | push @dirs, $entry; |
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512 | |
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513 | if (!--$ndirs) { |
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514 | push @nondirs, @$entries; |
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515 | $entries = []; |
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516 | } |
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517 | } else { |
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518 | push @nondirs, $entry; |
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519 | } |
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520 | |
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521 | &$schedcb; |
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522 | } |
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523 | } |
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524 | }; |
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525 | |
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526 | &$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq; |
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527 | }; |
554 | }; |
528 | }; |
555 | }; |
529 | }; |
556 | }; |
530 | |
557 | |
531 | $grp |
558 | $grp |
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544 | If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be |
571 | If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be |
545 | detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead. |
572 | detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead. |
546 | |
573 | |
547 | =item aio_group $callback->(...) |
574 | =item aio_group $callback->(...) |
548 | |
575 | |
549 | [EXPERIMENTAL] |
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550 | |
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551 | This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a |
576 | This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a |
552 | container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle |
577 | container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle |
553 | many requests into a single, composite, request. |
578 | many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback |
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579 | and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests. |
554 | |
580 | |
555 | Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below |
581 | Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below |
556 | for more info. |
582 | for more info. |
557 | |
583 | |
558 | Example: |
584 | Example: |
… | |
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577 | phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not |
603 | phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not |
578 | be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have |
604 | be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have |
579 | entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request |
605 | entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request |
580 | latency. |
606 | latency. |
581 | |
607 | |
582 | =item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED* |
608 | =item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED* |
583 | |
609 | |
584 | Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of |
610 | Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of |
585 | the request workers to sleep for the given time. |
611 | the request workers to sleep for the given time. |
586 | |
612 | |
587 | While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests |
613 | While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests |
588 | like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates |
614 | like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is |
589 | is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application |
615 | immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function |
590 | under artificial I/O pressure. |
616 | except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure. |
591 | |
617 | |
592 | =back |
618 | =back |
593 | |
619 | |
594 | =head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS |
620 | =head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS |
595 | |
621 | |
596 | All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when |
622 | All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when |
597 | called in non-void context. |
623 | called in non-void context. |
598 | |
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599 | A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime, |
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600 | in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed |
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601 | yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending> |
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602 | (request has been executed but callback has not been called yet), |
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603 | B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the |
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604 | callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and |
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605 | holds no resources anymore). |
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606 | |
624 | |
607 | =over 4 |
625 | =over 4 |
608 | |
626 | |
609 | =item cancel $req |
627 | =item cancel $req |
610 | |
628 | |
… | |
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664 | =item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects. |
682 | =item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects. |
665 | |
683 | |
666 | =item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or |
684 | =item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or |
667 | any later time). |
685 | any later time). |
668 | |
686 | |
669 | =item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do |
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670 | not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for |
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671 | this kind of concurrency-limiting. |
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672 | |
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673 | =back |
687 | =back |
674 | |
688 | |
675 | Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they |
689 | Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they |
676 | will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the |
690 | will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the |
677 | C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to |
691 | C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to |
… | |
… | |
692 | be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular |
706 | be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular |
693 | dependencies. |
707 | dependencies. |
694 | |
708 | |
695 | Returns all its arguments. |
709 | Returns all its arguments. |
696 | |
710 | |
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711 | =item $grp->cancel_subs |
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712 | |
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713 | Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request |
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714 | itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early. |
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715 | |
697 | =item $grp->result (...) |
716 | =item $grp->result (...) |
698 | |
717 | |
699 | Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all |
718 | Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all |
700 | subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed. |
719 | subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed. |
701 | |
720 | |
702 | =item feed $grp $callback->($grp) |
721 | =item feed $grp $callback->($grp) |
703 | |
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|
704 | [VERY EXPERIMENTAL] |
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|
705 | |
722 | |
706 | Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached |
723 | Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached |
707 | generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that, |
724 | generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that, |
708 | although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group, |
725 | although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group, |
709 | this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For |
726 | this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For |
… | |
… | |
763 | |
780 | |
764 | Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this |
781 | Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this |
765 | regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately |
782 | regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately |
766 | when no events are outstanding. |
783 | when no events are outstanding. |
767 | |
784 | |
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785 | If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle |
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786 | will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns. |
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787 | |
768 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
788 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
769 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: |
789 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: |
770 | |
790 | |
771 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
791 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
772 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
792 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
773 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
793 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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794 | |
|
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795 | =item IO::AIO::poll_some $max_requests |
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796 | |
|
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797 | Similar to C<poll_cb>, but only processes up to C<$max_requests> requests |
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798 | at a time. |
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799 | |
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800 | Useful if you want to ensure some level of interactiveness when perl is |
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801 | not fast enough to process all requests in time. |
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802 | |
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803 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
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804 | IO::AIO::poll_some with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the |
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805 | program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load. |
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806 | |
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807 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
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808 | poll => 'r', nice => 1, |
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809 | cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_some 256 }); |
774 | |
810 | |
775 | =item IO::AIO::poll_wait |
811 | =item IO::AIO::poll_wait |
776 | |
812 | |
777 | Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a |
813 | Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a |
778 | C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait |
814 | C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait |
… | |
… | |
838 | This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure |
874 | This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure |
839 | that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests. |
875 | that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests. |
840 | |
876 | |
841 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
877 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
842 | |
878 | |
843 | =item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs |
879 | =item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs |
844 | |
880 | |
845 | [DEPRECATED] |
881 | This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it |
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882 | blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better |
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883 | use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback. |
846 | |
884 | |
847 | Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you |
885 | Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you |
848 | try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until |
886 | to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the |
849 | some requests have been handled. |
887 | C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>) |
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888 | function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded. |
850 | |
889 | |
851 | The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you |
890 | The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the |
852 | queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set |
891 | number of outstanding requests. |
853 | this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>. |
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|
854 | |
892 | |
855 | This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their |
893 | You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore, |
856 | feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use |
894 | C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or |
857 | this function. |
895 | as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values). |
858 | |
|
|
859 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
|
|
860 | |
896 | |
861 | =back |
897 | =back |
862 | |
898 | |
863 | =cut |
899 | =cut |
864 | |
900 | |
… | |
… | |
891 | This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: |
927 | This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: |
892 | |
928 | |
893 | Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests |
929 | Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests |
894 | can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After |
930 | can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After |
895 | the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues |
931 | the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues |
896 | request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result |
932 | request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue |
897 | queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in |
933 | (so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the |
898 | the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the |
934 | parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the |
899 | parent process has been reached again. |
935 | parent process has been reached again. |
900 | |
936 | |
901 | In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had |
937 | In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had |
902 | not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used |
938 | not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used |
903 | yet. |
939 | yet. |
904 | |
940 | |
905 | =head2 MEMORY USAGE |
941 | =head2 MEMORY USAGE |
906 | |
942 | |
|
|
943 | Per-request usage: |
|
|
944 | |
907 | Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes |
945 | Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200 |
908 | of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few |
946 | bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly |
909 | hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will |
947 | a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl |
910 | also be locked. |
948 | scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and |
|
|
949 | will consume memory till the request has entered the done state. |
911 | |
950 | |
912 | This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a |
951 | This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a |
913 | problem. |
952 | problem. |
914 | |
953 | |
915 | Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much |
954 | Per-thread usage: |
916 | larger, depending on the OS. |
955 | |
|
|
956 | In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for |
|
|
957 | temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data |
|
|
958 | structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS). |
|
|
959 | |
|
|
960 | =head1 KNOWN BUGS |
|
|
961 | |
|
|
962 | Known bugs will be fixed in the next release. |
917 | |
963 | |
918 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
964 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
919 | |
965 | |
920 | L<Coro::AIO>. |
966 | L<Coro::AIO>. |
921 | |
967 | |